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Sir Robert McAlpine

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This article is about the construction company. For its founder, see Sir Robert McAlpine, 1st Baronet.

Sir Robert McAlpine Ltd
Company typePrivate
IndustryEngineering / Construction
Founded1869
HeadquartersHemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England
Key people
Edward McAlpine (chairman)
Neil Martin (chief executive)
Revenue£881 million (2023)[1]
£(110) million (2023)[1]
Websitewww.srm.com

Sir Robert McAlpine Limited is a family-owned building and civil engineering company based in Hemel Hempstead, England. It carries out engineering and construction in the infrastructure, heritage, commercial, arena and stadium, healthcare, education and nuclear sectors.

History

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Robert McAlpine was born in 1847 in the Scottish village of Newarthill near Motherwell. From the age of seven he worked in the nearby coal mines, leaving at 16 to become an apprentice bricklayer. Later, working for an engineer, he progressed to being foreman before starting to work on his own account at the age of 22. He had no capital other than that he could earn himself and his first contract involving the employment of other men had to be financed by borrowing £11 from the butcher. From there, McAlpine enjoyed rapid success; the early contracts centred on his own trade of bricklaying and by 1874 he was the owner of two brickyards and an employer of 1,000 men.[2] It was on one of the housing estates he built that he first experimented with using concrete blocks as well as bricks (from which he earned the nickname 'Concrete Bob').[3]

The Glenfinnan Viaduct

With the capital he had acquired, McAlpine determined to build a garden city at Hamilton, South Lanarkshire. Relying now on the income from his estate, McAlpine’s attention moved away from his contracting business towards self-education. However, the financial panic following the collapse of the City of Glasgow Bank in 1878 virtually wiped out McAlpine financially: his mortgages were called in but his debtors did not pay him.[2]

The liabilities from the Hamilton estate were threatening the construction business and to protect it, Robert took his clerk into partnership, trading under the name McAlpine & Co; the clerk was bought out not long after. McAlpine’s first large contract was a building for the Singer Manufacturing Company in 1883 and the profit from that enabled him to pay off his remaining debts. Almost immediately he faced further financial difficulties. Winning a contract for the Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway without the necessary technical knowledge, the subsequent rebuilding work and litigation meant another fresh start.[2]

Butler's Wharf redevelopment, London (1987)

In 1887, Robert took his two eldest sons, Robert junior and William, out of school to help him, with Malcolm and Alfred following soon after, and they did much to rationalise the firm’s administration and finances. Undaunted by his earlier experience, McAlpine took on further railway contracts, this time successfully, including the Mallaig Extension Railway and the Glasgow Subway. There was an increasingly wide range of building and civil engineering contracts but the firm was almost brought to its knees again with the construction of the Methil Docks between 1909 and 1913. It was argued that this led to a much more cautious approach to risk on the part of the sons, if not the father.[4]

The inter-war period saw the firm focusing solely on construction. Gray wrote that Sir Robert McAlpine “seemed to have been involved in every major building and civil engineering project that ever hit the headlines of the day.” They included docks, harbours, power stations, factories; the Wembley Stadium and the Dorchester Hotel were notable examples.[4] In the case of the Dorchester, when the client was unable to pay for the construction works, the company took possession of the completed building and operated it on its own account.[5]

Newcastle Civic Centre

In November 1934, Sir Robert died aged 87. Two weeks later his eldest son, the new Sir Robert, also died. William was appointed Chairman while Alfred remained in charge of the operation in the north-west subsidiary, where he had been since 1918. The two London partners argued that the recession was impacting more on the north than the south and proposed closing Alfred’s company. Alfred, however, did not wish to return to London and, on an informal basis at first, the two businesses were run separately. The separation was formalised in 1940 and the northern business was renamed Sir Alfred McAlpine.[4] During the Second World War Sir Robert McAlpine was one of the contractors engaged in building the Mulberry harbour units.[6]

The two McAlpine firms had non-compete arrangements and sites had a common “McAlpine” board irrespective of which firm it was. When both companies first went public, they did so under the names Newarthill for Robert and Marchwiel for Alfred. These arrangements continued until 1983.[7] In 2003, Sir Robert McAlpine Ltd sued Alfred McAlpine plc over the use of the family name and won.[8] The dispute centred on Alfred McAlpine's intention to trade under the name "McAlpine". There was previously a long-standing agreement within the McAlpine family not to make such a change but, following the death of Alfred McAlpine and his son, the board of Alfred McAlpine sought to make the change in any event. The effect of the judgment was to prevent Alfred McAlpine trading under the name "McAlpine". In 2008, Alfred McAlpine plc was acquired by Carillion and dismantled, thus making the "name war" irrelevant.[9]

In November 2017, the company announced 90 job losses in a cost-cutting drive following a loss-making energy from waste project. Six regional centres were to be cut to four.[10] The company then announced a new board and leadership structure, with no McAlpine family members included in the leadership team under CEO Paul Hamer.[11] Edward McAlpine took over from Gavin McAlpine as chairman in January 2019.[12]

In the year to October 2022, the company had a turnover of £1.1bn with pre-tax profit of £9.3m. In 2023, Hamer reviewed the firm's structure and switched its focus to sectors rather than regions; the restructure was estimated to cost £8.4m and would result in annual savings of over £20m. However, Hamer did not see these savings realised – by February 2024, he was on gardening leave with former Lendlease boss Neil Martin taking over as CEO on 19 February 2024.[13]

In July 2024, Sir Robert McAlpine reported a £110m operating loss in the year to October 2023, with revenue down 19% to £881m.[1]

The Irish connection

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From the 1930s onwards, the company employed large numbers of Irish immigrants who had come to England looking for work. The harsh working conditions with which McAlpine's management treated their labourers has gone down in Irish emigrant folklore. The song "McAlpine's Fusiliers" (written by Dominic Behan and made famous by The Dubliners) described the realities of life on the building site for many Irish expatriates.[14] The company is also mentioned in other songs, such as "Building Up and Tearing England Down," also written by Behan,[15] though historian Ultan Cowley has suggested that the relationship between Irish labour and senior management at Sir Robert McAlpine was more collaborative than what is related in these songs.[16]

Structure

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Until 2023, the company was organised on a regional basis;[17] following restructuring in late 2017, four regional centres were created: Scotland-Northern, Central-Wales-West, Southern and London.[10] In 2020, the Wales business was merged into an expanded South region.[18] In 2023, the company was restructured to focus on sectors rather than regions. Target markets included healthcare, commercial offices, industrial, heritage and complex schemes delivered by its Major & Special Projects team, and rail, transport and nuclear sectors delivered by its infrastructure business.[19]

Major projects

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Emirates Stadium

Projects undertaken by the company have included:

Sir Robert McAlpine is also involved in HS2 lot C1, working as part of joint venture, due to complete in 2031.[46]

Blacklisting controversy

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Sir Robert McAlpine funded the initial establishment of the Consulting Association in 1993, providing £20,000, around half of which was used to buy a blacklist database from the Economic League and hire one of its former employees, Ian Kerr, as manager.[47][48] Company director Cullum McAlpine served as chairman of the Consulting Association for some years before it became publicly implicated in a construction industry blacklisting scandal in 2009 and was wound up. Subsequently, Sir Robert McAlpine was one of eight businesses involved in the 2014 launch of the Construction Workers Compensation Scheme,[49] though this was condemned as a "PR stunt" by the GMB union, and described by the Scottish Affairs Select Committee as "an act of bad faith".[50]

On 11 May 2016, major companies, including Sir Robert McAlpine, issued an "unreserved and sincere" apology in the high court to hundreds of workers for putting them on the illegal blacklist and denying them work over two decades. The companies agreed to pay sums ranging from £25,000 to £200,000 to 771 people under out-of-court settlements to avoid a trial, while accepting that "their secret vetting operation should never have happened". However, evidence disclosed before the settlement led many of the victims to claim that there was an illegal attempt by McAlpine executives to destroy evidence and cover up the involvement of key individuals when the blacklisting was discovered in 2009. The targets of the victims' intended criminal complaint included director Cullum McAlpine, and head of human resources, David Cochrane, who was a later chairman of the Association. Both denied involvement in destroying any relevant files and attempting to pervert the course of justice.[51]

In September 2017, McAlpine chief executive Paul Hamer tried to disassociate the company from continuing allegations of blacklisting in the construction industry, saying "Sir Robert McAlpine complies fully with all legislation to prevent blacklisting and is committed to fair and transparent recruitment. ... We have a zero tolerance policy towards blacklisting, illegal or unfair recruitment practices."[52] The company defended itself again in December 2017 when Unite announced it had issued High Court proceedings against four former chairmen of the Consulting Association, including Cullum McAlpine and David Cochrane,[53] and against 12 major contractors including Sir Robert McAlpine.[54] In May 2019, the Unite union secured a further £1.9m in compensation for 53 blacklisted workers. Seven construction businesses, including Sir Robert McAlpine, also agreed to pay £230,000 for a Unite training fund to help those affected by the vetting system, and paid Unite's legal fees. However, Unite assistant general secretary Howard Beckett said "the refusal of Cullum McAlpine to give evidence is bitterly disappointing."[55][56]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Morby, Aaron (31 July 2024). "Sir Robert McAlpine plunges to £110m trading loss". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  2. ^ a b c J Saxon Childers, Robert McAlpine A Biography (1925)
  3. ^ “McAlpine The First Hundred Years” (1969)
  4. ^ a b c Tony Gray, The Road to Success Alfred McAlpine 1935-1985 (1987)
  5. ^ "Sir William McAlpine talks to Andy Milne". Railway People. 30 June 2006. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
  6. ^ Hartcup, p. 94
  7. ^ Wellings, Fred: Dictionary of British Housebuilders (2006) Troubador. ISBN 978-0-9552965-0-5,
  8. ^ Mark Milner (1 April 2004). "Court verdict finds for Sir Robert". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
  9. ^ "Carillion agrees to buy McAlpine". BBC News. 10 December 2007. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
  10. ^ a b Morby, Aaron (9 November 2017). "McAlpine to axe 90 jobs as divisions streamlined". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  11. ^ Morby, Aaron (13 November 2017). "McAlpine unveils senior management shake-up". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
  12. ^ "New chairman at McAlpine". Building. 5 November 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  13. ^ Rogers, Dave (16 February 2024). "McAlpine rings changes as chief executive Paul Hamer replaced by former Lendlease boss". Building. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  14. ^ "McAlpines Fusiliers". Free Lyrics. Archived from the original on 26 May 2009. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
  15. ^ "Building Up and Tearing England Down". KingLaoghaire. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  16. ^ Cowley, Ultan (2001). The Men Who Built Britain: a celebration of the Irish Navvy. Wolfhound Press. p. 59. ISBN 978-0863278297.
  17. ^ Will Mann (14 December 2007). "Sir Robert McAlpine boss Benny Kelly to step down". Contract Journal. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
  18. ^ Rogers, Dave (3 August 2020). "McAlpine's Welsh business merged into expanded South division". Building. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  19. ^ Morby, Aaron (4 April 2023). "McAlpine planned job cuts set to hit London office hardest". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g "Sir Robert McAlpine Project Archive". Sir Robert McAlpine. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
  21. ^ John Thomas, Forgotten Railways: Scotland, David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1976, ISBN 0 7153 7185 1, pages 91 to 92
  22. ^ "Maine Road". Structurae. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
  23. ^ "Sir Robert McAlpine". Grace's Guide. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  24. ^ Tzikas, Polykarpos; Konstantinos, Mamalakis; Tertipis, Dimitrios; Charitopoulos, Evangelos. «Μέσα σταθερής τροχιάς στην Κρήτη: Δίκτυα βιομηχανικών σιδηροδρόμων κατά το πρώτο μισό του 20ου αιώνα». Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Cretan Studies.
  25. ^ a b c d "A portrait of achievement" (PDF). Sir Robert McAlpine. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  26. ^ "Civic Centre Barras Bridge Newcastle upon Tyne Unknown c.1960". Newcastle Libraries. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  27. ^ "30 years ago: Japanese car giant Nissan arrives in the North East". Chronicle Live. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  28. ^ "Clove Building". Allies and Morrison. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  29. ^ "One Canada Square". Sky Scraper Centre. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  30. ^ "Millennium Bridge". Structurae. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
  31. ^ "News from Worldwide". Worldwide Exhibition Specialists Ltd. Archived from the original on 15 March 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
  32. ^ "The Eden Project". Living Places. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  33. ^ "Who are Summit Healthcare?". Labour Party. 6 October 2000. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  34. ^ Williams, Austin (19 October 2000). "Conflict Resolution". Architects' Journal. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
  35. ^ "Building the BullRing" (PDF). Birmingham City Council. Archived from the original (pdf) on 29 May 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
  36. ^ "Exeter Crown & County Court, UK". HICL Infrastructure. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  37. ^ "Sir Robert chases health job losses". Construction News. 20 April 2006. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
  38. ^ "First ball kicked at Emirates Stadium". Arsenal F.C. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 24 April 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
  39. ^ "Public Finance Initiative: the deals". The Telegraph. 25 January 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  40. ^ Rebecca Froley (2 October 2006). "Sir Robert McAlpine wins St Austell redevelopment". Contract Journal. Archived from the original on 12 November 2007. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
  41. ^ Tom Bill (24 July 2007). "ODA signs Olympic Stadium deal with Sir Robert McAlpine". Contract Journal. Archived from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
  42. ^ "Old Market shopping centre, Hereford, opens". Shopping Centre. 1 May 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  43. ^ "One Kensington Gardens, London, 2010-2015". David Chipperfield Architects. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
  44. ^ "One Kensington Gardens". DaleSauna. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
  45. ^ "Sir Robert McAlpine consortium wins £228m Glasgow campus". Construction News. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  46. ^ "HS2 contracts worth £6.6bn awarded by UK government". the Guardian. 17 July 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  47. ^ Rob Evans, Severin Carrell and Helen Carter, The Guardian, 27 May 2009, Man behind illegal blacklist snooped on workers for 30 years
  48. ^ "Written evidence submitted by Cullum McAlpine, Director of Sir Robert McAlpine Ltd". Scottish Affairs Committee. 17 January 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
  49. ^ "Construction blacklist compensation scheme opens". BBC News: Business. BBC. 4 July 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
  50. ^ "Scottish Affairs - Seventh Report Blacklisting in Employment: Final Report". www.parliament.uk. Scottish Affairs Committee. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
  51. ^ Daniel Boffey. "Construction bosses 'tried to hide evidence of their blacklist'". The Guardian. Reference.
  52. ^ "New McAlpine chief goes public in reputational campaign". The Construction Index. 11 September 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
  53. ^ "Union sues blacklist ringleaders". The Construction Index. 4 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  54. ^ Prior, Grant (4 December 2017). "Unite launches new round of blacklisting legal action". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  55. ^ "Blacklisters agree a further £1.9m compensation". The Construction Index. 14 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
  56. ^ Evans, Rob (14 May 2019). "50 blacklisted trade unionists win £1.9m from building firms". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 May 2019.

Sources

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  • Hartcup, Guy (2011). Code Name Mulberry: The Planning Building and Operation of the Normandy Harbours. Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 978-1848845589.
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