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Muhammad Ali in media and popular culture

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This article covers the boxer Muhammad Ali's appearances in media and popular culture.

Pop art painting of Muhammad Ali by John Stango

Literature

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Books

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  • The Cassius Clay Story, by George Sulivan (1964)
  • Black is Best: The Riddle of MUHAMMAD ALI, by Jack Olsen (1967)
  • Muhammad Ali, who once was Cassius Clay, by John Cottrell (1968)
  • Sting Like a Bee: The Muhammad Ali Story, by José Torres (1971)
  • Loser and Still Champion: Muhammad Ali, by Budd Schulberg (1972)
  • The Fight, by Norman Mailer (1975)
  • The Greatest: My Own Story, by Muhammad Ali, with Richard Durham (1975)
  • Free to Be Muhammad Ali, by Robert Lipsyte (1979)
  • "The Muhammad Ali Cookbook" with Lana Shabazz (1980)
  • Muhammad Ali, the People's Champ, by Elliott J. Gorn (1988)
  • Muhammad Ali: Heavyweight Champion (Black Americans of Achievement), by Jack Rummel (1989)
  • Muhammad Ali: The Fight for Respect, by Thomas Conklin (1992)
  • Clay V. United States: Muhammad Ali Objects to War (Landmark Supreme Court Cases), by Suzanne Freedman (1997)
  • The Tao of Muhammad Ali, by Davis Miller (1997)
  • I'm A Little Special: A Muhammad Ali Reader, by Gerald Early (1998)
  • King of the World, by David Remnick (1999)
  • More Than a Champion: The Style of Muhammad Ali, by Jan Philipp Reemtsma (1999)
  • Learning About Strength of Character from the Life of Muhammad Ali (Character Building Book), by Michele Ingber Drohan (1999)
  • Muhammad Ali (Journey to Freedom), by Clay Latimer (2000)
  • Redemption Song: Muhammad Ali and the Spirit of the Sixties, by Mike Marqusee (2000)
  • The Greatest, by Walter Dean Myers (2001)
  • Muhammad Ali: Through the Eyes of the World, by Mark Collings (2001)
  • Ghosts of Manila, by Mark Kram (2002)
  • Lucky Man: A Memoir, by Michael J. Fox (2002)
  • Muhammad Ali: Trickster Celebrity in the Culture of Irony, by Charles Lemert (2003)
  • The Soul of a Butterfly: Reflections on Life's Journey, by Muhammad Ali and Hana Ali (2004)
  • The Untold Legacy Of Muhammad Ali, by Thomas Hauser (2005)
  • Clay V. United States And How Muhammad Ali Fought the Draft: Debating Supreme Court Decisions, by Thomas Streissguth (2006)
  • What's My Name, Fool? Sports and Resistance in the United States, by Dave Zirin (2005)
  • The psychodynamics of white racism: An historical exploration of white racial pathology as elicited by prizefighters Jack Johnson and Muhammad Ali : (Dissertation), by Michal Louise Beale (2006)
  • I'm a Bad Man: African American Vernacular Culture and the Making of Muhammad Ali, by Shawn Williams (2007)
  • The Greatest: My Own Story, by Muhammad Ali with Richard Durham, edited by Toni Morrison (2015)
  • Blood Brothers: The Fatal Friendship Between Muhammad Ali and Malcolm X, by Randy Roberts and Johnny Smith (2016)
  • Ali: A life, by Jonathan Eig (2017)

Magazine articles

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  • Playboy - Interview: Cassius Clay, by Hugh M. Hefner (October 1964)
  • Life Magazine - Cover: Cassius Clay (Muhammad Ali), by Editor Henry Luce (March 6, 1964)
  • Esquire - "The Passion of Muhammad Ali", by George Lois (April 1968)
  • Life Magazine - Cover: Muhammad Ali, by Editor Henry Luce (October 23, 1970)
  • Life Magazine - Cover: Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier, by Editor Henry Luce (March 5, 1971)
  • Life Magazine - Cover: Ali vs Frazier by Frank Sinatra, by Editor Henry Luce (March 19, 1971)
  • Time Magazine - "The Greatest is Gone Muhammad Ali * Much Ado About Haldeman", (February 27, 1978)
  • ESPN Sports Century - "Muhammad Ali: "The Greatest" by Joyce Carol Oates (1999)
  • Time Magazine - "100 Heroes & Icons: Muhammad Ali", by George Plimpton (June 14, 1999)
  • "UN Messengers of Peace reflect on their work. (Muhammad Ali, Jane Goodall, and Anna Cataldi)" An article from UN Chronicle (2005)
  • "The fight of his life: boxing Great Muhammad Ali battles Parkinson's disease" An article from: Science World, by Mona Chiang (2006)

Poetry and quotations

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Illustrated books

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  • Ali Rap: Muhammad Ali the First Heavyweight Champion of Rap, by George Lois (2006)
  • The Rough Guide to Muhammad Ali, by Ann Oliver (2004)

Comics

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Books for children

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Music

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Featuring Ali himself

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  • In 1976 Ali released the album Ali and His Gang vs. Mr. Tooth Decay, which told a story meant to educate children about dental hygiene The album was narrated by Howard Cosell, with guest appearances by Frank Sinatra and Richie Havens. A sequel Ali and His Gang vs. Fat Cat the Dope King was planned, but apparently never released.
  • Ali himself released a 45rpm version of the song "Stand by Me" (written by Ben E. King, Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller), a track which also featured on his 1963 Columbia album I am the Greatest (released under the name Cassius Clay).
  • In December 1969, Ali appeared on Broadway in the musical Buck White.[1] The show ran for just seven performances; but Ali and the cast performed the number "We Came in Chains" on The Ed Sullivan Show.[2]
  • Ali influenced several elements of hip hop music, as a "rhyming trickster" in the 1960s with "funky delivery, the boasts, the comical trash talk, the endless quotables".[3] According to Rolling Stone, his "freestyle skills" and his "rhymes, flow, and braggadocio" would "one day become typical of old school MCs" like Run–D.M.C. and LL Cool J,[4] the latter citing Ali as an influence.[3]

Songs

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  • In 1971, New York singer Vernon Harrell released a record about him called "Muhammed Ali" (sic) (Brunswick Records #55448) as Verne Harrell. This misspelling of Ali's name was printed on the labels of the 45s.
  • In 1975, a song about Ali titled "Black Superman (Muhammad Ali)" was recorded by British reggae group Johnny Wakelin & the Kinshasa Band.[5]
  • In 1981, Dutch guitarist Harry Sacksioni composed and played a song called "Ali's Shuffle".
  • The Freakwater song "Louisville Lip" on their 1998 album Springtime is a tribute to Muhammad Ali framed around the story Ali told in his 1975 autobiography about tossing his gold medal into the Ohio River after being refused service in a nearby diner.
  • In his early 20s, singer-songwriter and piano impresario Ben Folds wrote the song "Boxing", a fictional monologue by Muhammad Ali to Howard Cosell pondering the end of his fighting career. The song was inspired by Folds' father's love of the sport.[6] The song was eventually recorded and appeared on Ben Folds Five's eponymous album (1995). It has also appeared in a live version on the album Naked Baby Photos (1998), a solo version by Folds on iTunes Originals - Ben Folds (2005), and in a symphonic version with the West Australian Symphony Orchestra on the DVD Ben Folds and WASO Live in Perth (2005). The song has been covered by a number of artists, most notably[according to whom?] Bette Midler on her album Bathhouse Betty (1998).
  • The R. Kelly song "World's Greatest" is a tribute to Ali, and it is featured on the soundtrack to the 2001 motion picture Ali. In 2002, the song peaked at number 34 on Billboard's Hot 100 US singles chart and at number 4 on the UK singles chart. The song's video features archived footage of Ali as well as an homage to the firefighters, law enforcement officers and emergency medical workers regarded among the greatest heroes of the rescue operations necessitated by the events of 9/11.
  • The British dance band Faithless recorded a song titled "Muhammad Ali" which was released as a single on September 23, 2001. The single reached number 29 on the UK singles chart. The song was included on their 2001 album Outrospective.
  • In 2012, The Game released a song titled "Ali Bomaye". The song features 2 Chainz and Rick Ross.
  • In 2013, internet comedic series Epic Rap Battles of History launched a rap video featuring Ali and Michael Jordan.
  • In 2015, Australian band William Street Strikers used Ali's Attica Prison Poem lyrics on their song "No Surrender", from their album Nothing's Going On. The song was aired on the show Living in the Land of Oz after the death of Ali and became a staple of community radio after its release.
  • In 2016, American soul group, KING, released a song titled "The Greatest", which was inspired by Muhammad Ali's unwavering confidence and grace. The song was included on the group's debut album "We Are King".[7]
  • In 2016, British rock band Coldplay used a sample of Ali's 1977 speech in Newcastle upon Tyne on the single version of their song "Everglow".[8] The speech is also played whenever the band performs the song on their A Head Full of Dreams Tour.
  • The Louisville Orchestra premiered a multimedia dramatic work about Ali by the orchestra's Music Director, Teddy Abrams, in November 2017 at the Kentucky Center for the Arts. The work presented Ali's own poems, speeches, and writings set as rap and spoken-word recitations, plus an original narration and numerous vocal settings of poems from many historical eras. Performers included Rhiannon Giddens, Jubilant Sykes, and Louisville rapper Jecorey "1200" Arthur, along with many other actors, speakers, and dancers from the Louisville community.
  • The band Fever 333 references Ali in one of their songs, titled "Burn It."

Artists

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  • American singer Cautious Clay took his stage name from Ali's birth name.[9]
  • Japanese jazz band ALI is named after Ali.[10]

Visual arts

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Film and television

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Television advertisements

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In 1971, Ali appeared in a television commercial for Vitalis alongside fellow boxer Joe Frazier, and he appeared in a 1997 Super Bowl TV commercial for Pizza Hut with his real-life trainer Angelo Dundee.

In 1978, Ali appeared in a public service announcement for the New York City Department of Health exhorting parents to immunize their children. The PSA ended with the tagline "No shots, no school! It's the law!"

In 1980 Ali also appeared in a television ad for d-CON Roach Proof: after hitting a heavy bag (a training device suspended from above that simulates the bulk of an opponent for punching), he turns to the camera in his boxing gear, raises and shakes a fist, and exclaims to the audience, "I don' want you livin' wit' roaches!"[citation needed]

He also appeared in a commercial for fish sticks circa 1981.[citation needed]

Ali appeared in one of the posters for the "Think Different" campaign by Apple Computer in 1997.[citation needed]

Has appeared in at least one poster advertising Coca-Cola.

Ali appears with other famous athletes in a Gatorade advertisement, narrated by rapper Lil Wayne.

Photography

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  • Muhammad Ali: The Birth of a Legend, Miami, 1961–1964, by Flip Schulke (1999)
  • GOAT (Greatest Of All Time), TASCHEN's massive 800-page tribute weighs 75 lbs; limited "Champ's Edition" is autographed by Muhammad Ali and comes with a sculpture by Jeff Koons (2004)
  • Muhammad Ali, by Dave Anderson and Magnum Photographers (2006)
  • Greatest Of All Time - A Tribute To Muhammad Ali, First published by TASCHEN as a limited collector's edition, TASCHEN reprinted in a slimmed-down format from 75 lbs to 20 lbs, still containing thousands of images—photography, art and memorabilia—from over 100 photographers and artists, 2 gatefold sequences, original essays as well as the best interviews and writing of the last five decades (2010)

Manga and anime

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  • New Grappler Baki — In Search of Our Strongest Hero, a Japanese manga and anime series, portrays Muhammad Ali and a fictional son, Muhammad Ali, Jr.
  • The character of Killerbee/Kirabi from the manga and anime series Naruto seems loosely based on Muhammad Ali, and quotes the line "Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee" in the chapter he was introduced.

Video games

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Ali has appeared in numerous video boxing games, some of which feature him as the title character. Examples include Foes of Ali, Muhammad Ali Heavyweight Boxing and the Knockout Kings series and its follow-up, the Fight Night series. Ali appears and is playable in WWE 2K24 as part of the celebration of 40 years of WrestleMania.

Trading cards

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Ali has many trading cards from sources around the globe but the 1965 Collezioni Lampo I Grandi Campioni Cassius Clay is widely considered his most valuable rookie card.

Other

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Ali with clowns Charlie Frye and Skeeter Reece in 1980

Dance

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After Ali knocked-out German boxer Karl Mildenberger in 1966, there was a dance craze in Europe called "The Muhammad Ali Dance" which mimmicked Ali's footwork and punching stance to a swinging up-tempo beat. "The Muhammad Ali Dance" appeared in various teen dance television shows across Europe in 1966.[34]

Institutions

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Muhammad Ali Parkinson Center at the Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix, AZ—One of the world's largest dedicated Parkinson's Centers.

Martial arts

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Martial artist and actor Bruce Lee was influenced by Ali, whose footwork he studied and incorporated into his own style while developing Jeet Kune Do in the 1960s.[35] In turn, taekwondo fighter Jhoon Goo Rhee later taught Lee's "accupunch", a non-telegraphed punch, to Ali while coaching him; Ali used the "accupunch" to knockout Richard Dunn in 1975.[36]

Muhammad Ali vs. Antonio Inoki, a 1976 match in Tokyo between Ali and Japanese professional wrestler Antonio Inoki (now Muhammad Hussain Inoki) in 1976, was the first high-profile bout between a professional boxer and professional wrestler.[37] The fight played an important role in the history of mixed martial arts (MMA).[38] In Japan, the match inspired Inoki's students Masakatsu Funaki and Minoru Suzuki to found Pancrase in 1993, which in turn inspired the foundation of Pride Fighting Championships in 1997. Pride was acquired by its rival Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) in 2007.[39][40]

Theater

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  • In Billy Elliot the Musical when Billy's boxing coach sets up a match between Billy and Michael, he points to each in turn saying, "You are Muhammad Ali and you are Cassius Clay".
  • Will Power's Fetch Clay, Make Man is based on the friendship between actor Stepin Fetchit and Cassius Clay, later Muhammad Ali. The play explores how each handled life in the public eye as black men in their respective eras: Hollywood in the 20s, where a black actor's career depended on playing caricatures, and the mid-60s, after the assassination of Malcolm X.

References

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  1. ^ Internet Broadway Database http://www.ibdb.com/production.asp?ID=3305
  2. ^ Langer, Adam (November 28, 2019). "Muhammad Ali in a Broadway Musical? It Happened". New York Times. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
  3. ^ a b "Muhammad Ali: World's Greatest Boxer Was Also Hip-Hop Pioneer". Rolling Stone. June 4, 2016.
  4. ^ "Muhammad Ali: 4 Ways He Changed America". Rolling Stone. June 5, 2016.
  5. ^ allmusic (((Johnny Wakelin - Biography)))
  6. ^ "Ben Folds Five interview in Turntable Online (March 1996)". Retrieved August 6, 2016.
  7. ^ "Watch R&B Trio KING's New Video, 'The Greatest'". 27 October 2020.
  8. ^ Reed, Ryan (November 11, 2016). "Hear Coldplay's Tender, Stripped-Back Version of 'Everglow'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  9. ^ "Cautious Clay Talks New EP 'Blood Type,' Working with Petit Biscuit & Shaping His Identity". Billboard. Retrieved June 28, 2021.
  10. ^ Franklin, McKinley (2022-06-08). "ALIEN LIBERTY INTERNATIONAL". 360 MAGAZINE - GREEN | ART | MUSIC | DESIGN. Retrieved 2023-01-26.
  11. ^ "When We Were Kings". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  12. ^ "Muhammad Ali: Made in Miami". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  13. ^ ""Displays of Manhood" - S3 E7 - China, IL - Adult Swim". Adultswim.com. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  14. ^ "A.k.a. Cassius Clay". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  15. ^ a b "The Greatest - Full cast and crew". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  16. ^ "Don King: Only in America". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  17. ^ "King of the World - Full cast and crew". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  18. ^ "Ali: An American Hero - Full cast and crew". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  19. ^ "Ali - Full cast and crew". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  20. ^ "American Gangster - Full cast and crew". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  21. ^ "The Last Punch". 6 February 2016. Retrieved August 6, 2016 – via IMDb.
  22. ^ Pedersen, Erik (October 30, 2015). "'The Bleeder' Coagulates Cast With Jim Gaffigan, Michael Rapaport, Pooch Hall & Morgan Spector". deadline.com. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
  23. ^ "One Night in Miami". 25 December 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2021 – via IMDb.
  24. ^ "Requiem for a Heavyweight". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  25. ^ "Body and Soul". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  26. ^ "Doin' Time". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  27. ^ "Vega$: The Eleventh Event". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  28. ^ "Diff'rent Strokes: Arnold's Hero". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  29. ^ "Touched by an Angel: Fighting the Good Fight". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  30. ^ "I Am the Greatest". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  31. ^ "The Last Punch". 6 February 2016. Retrieved August 6, 2016 – via IMDb.
  32. ^ "Freedom Road". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  33. ^ Muhammad Ali and the Vietnam War Archived 2008-02-06 at the Wayback Machine
  34. ^ "People Are Talking About". Jet. Vol. 30, no. 25. Johnson Publishing Company. 29 September 1966. p. 48. ISSN 0021-5996.
  35. ^ Vaughn, Jack; Lee, Mike, eds. (1986). The Legendary Bruce Lee. Black Belt Communications. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-89750-106-4.
  36. ^ "Jhoon Rhee, Father of American Tae Kwon Do". jhoonrhee.com. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
  37. ^ Bull, Andy (November 11, 2009). "The forgotten story of ... Muhammad Ali v Antonio Inoki". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 26, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2014.
  38. ^ Gross, Josh (2016). Ali vs. Inoki: The Forgotten Fight That Inspired Mixed Martial Arts and Launched Sports Entertainment. BenBella Books. ISBN 9781942952190.
  39. ^ "What role did boxer Muhammad Ali play in early MMA? Let 'Ali vs. Inoki' author Josh Gross explain". MMAjunkie. June 13, 2016. Archived from the original on September 16, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
  40. ^ Grant, T. P. (May 2, 2013). "MMA Origins: Fighting For Pride". BloodyElbow. Archived from the original on March 24, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
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