Jump to content

Orders of magnitude (area)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Headbomb (talk | contribs) at 18:40, 9 October 2016 (fix minus sign, cleanup sup/sub, replaced: <sup>- → <sup>− (4) using AWB). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

An area of one square kilometre consists of 100 hectares each containing 10000 square metres.

This page is a progressive and labelled list of the SI area orders of magnitude, with certain examples appended to some list objects.

10−70 to 10−9 square metres

List of orders of magnitude for area
Factor (m2) Multiple Value Item
10−70   2.6×10−70 m2 Planck area, [1]
10−52   10−52 m2 1 shed[2]
10−48 1 square yoctometre (ym2)  1 ym2  
10−43   100,000 ym2 1 femtobarn[3]
10−42 1 square zeptometre (zm2)  1 zm2  
10−36 1 square attometre (am2)  1 am2  
10−30 1 square femtometre (fm2)  1 fm2  
10−29   66.52 fm2 Thomson cross-section of the electron[4]
10−28   100 fm2 1 barn, roughly the cross-sectional area of an uranium nucleus[5]
10−24 1 square picometre (pm2)  1 pm2  
10−20 1 square angstrom (Å2)  10,000 pm2  
10−19 100,000 pm2 Area of a lipid bilayer, per molecule[6]
75-260,000 pm2 Surface area of the 20 standard amino acids[7]
10−18 1 square nanometre (nm2)  1 nm2  
10−16 100 nm2 Globular proteins: solvent-accessible surface area of a typical globular protein, having a typical molecular mass of ~35000 u (quite variable)[8]
10−14 17,000 nm2 Cross-sectional area of a nuclear pore complex in vertebrates[9]
10−12 1 square micrometre (μm2) 6 μm2 Surface area of an E. coli bacterium[10]
10−10   100 μm2 Surface area of a red blood cell[11]
10−9   6,000 μm2 - 110,000 μm2 Range of common LCD screen pixel sizes[12]
  7,000 μm2 Area of a dot printed using 300 dots per inch resolution[13]
  8,000 μm2 Cross-sectional area of a straight human hair that is 100 μm[14] in diameter[15]

10−8 to 10−1 square metres

List of orders of magnitude for areas 10−8 to 10−1 square metres
Factor (m2) Multiple Value Item
10−8   55,000 μm2 Size of a pixel on a typical modern computer display
10−7   2-400,000 μm2 Cross-sectional area of a mechanical pencil lead (0.5-0.7 mm in diameter)[16]
10−6 1 square millimetre (mm2) 1–2 mm2 Area of a human fovea[17]
2 mm2 Area of the head of a pin
10−5   30–50 mm2 Area of a 6–8 mm hole punched in a piece of paper by a hole punch[18]
10−4 1 square centimetre (cm2) 290 mm2 Area of one side of a U.S. penny[19][20]
500 mm2 Area of a typical postage stamp
10−3   1,100 mm2 Area of a human retina[21]
4,600 mm2 Area of the face of a credit card[22]
4,800 mm2 Largest side of a cigarette box
10−2 1 square decimetre (dm2) 10,000 mm2 Index card (3 × 5 inches)[23]
60,000 mm2 American letter paper (11 × 8.5 inches, "A" size)
62,370 mm2 International A4 paper (210 × 297 mm)
93,000 mm2 1 square foot[24]
10−1   125,000 mm2 International A3 paper (297 × 420 mm)
180,000 mm2 Surface area of a basketball (diameter 24 cm)[25][26]
250,000 mm2 International A2 paper (420 × 594 mm)
500,000 mm2 International A1 paper (594 × 841 mm)

100 to 107 square metres

List of orders of magnitude for areas 100 to 107 square metres.
Factor (m2) Multiple Value Item
100 1 square metre 1 m2 International A0 paper (841 × 1189 mm)
1.73 m2 A number commonly used as the average body surface area of a human[27]
2–4 m2 Area of the top of an office desk
101   10–20 m2 A parking space
70 m2 Approximate surface area of a human lung[28]
102 1 square decametre (dam2) 100 m2 One are (a)
162 m2 Size of a volleyball court (18 × 9 metres)[29]
202 m2 Floor area of a median suburban three-bedroom house in the US in 2010: 2,169 sq ft (201.5 m2)[30]
261 m2 Size of a tennis court[31]
103   1,000 m2 Surface area of a Greek Stremma
1,250 m2 Surface area of the water in an Olympic-size swimming pool[32]
4,047 m2 1 acre[33]
5,400 m2 Size of an American football field[34][35]
7,140 m2 Size of a typical football (soccer) field[36][37]
104 1 square hectometre (hm2) 10,000 m2 1 hectare (ha)[38]
17,000 m2 Approximate area of a cricket field (theoretical limits: 6,402 m2 to 21,273 m2)[39]
22,074 m2 Area of a Manhattan city block
53,000 m2 Base of the Great Pyramid of Giza[40][41]
105   190,000 m2 Irish National Botanic Gardens[citation needed]
440,000 m2 Vatican City[42]
600,000 m2 Total floor area of the Pentagon[43]
106 1 square kilometre (km2) 2 km2 Monaco (country ranked 192nd by area)[44]
2.59 km2 1 square mile[45]
2.9 km2 City of London (not all of modern London)[46]
107   59.5 km2 Manhattan Island (land area)[47]
61 km2 San Marino[48]

108 to 1014 square metres

Factor (m2) Multiple Value Item
108   105 km2 Paris (inner city only)[49]
110 km2 Walt Disney World[50]
272 km2 Taipei City[51]
630 km2 Toronto[52]
109   1100 km2 Hong Kong[53]
1290 km2 Los Angeles, California, United States (city)[54]
1962 km2 Jacksonville, Florida; largest city in the Continental US[55]
2188 km2 Tokyo[56]
5780 km2 Administrative area of Bali[57]
8030 km2 Community of Madrid, Spain
1010   11,000 km2 Jamaica[58]
68,870 km2 Lake Victoria[59]
84,000 km2 Austria[60]
1011   100,000 km2 South Korea[61]
167,996 km2 Jiuquan in China
300,000 km2 Philippines[62]
357,000 km2 Germany[63]
377,900 km2 Japan[64]
510,000 km2 Spain[65]
780,000 km2 Turkey[66]
1012 1 square megametre (Mm2) 1.0 Mm2 Egypt (country ranked 29th by area)[67]
1.7 Mm2 The state of Alaska, the largest state in the United States
3.10 Mm2 Sakha (Yakutia) Republic in Russia (largest subnational governing body)[68]
5 Mm2 Largest extent of the Roman Empire[69][70]
7.74 Mm2 Australia (country ranked 6th by area)[71]
8.5 Mm2 Brazil
9.5 Mm2 China/ United States of America
1013   10 Mm2 Canada (including water)[72]
14 Mm2 Antarctica[73]
14 Mm2 Arable land worldwide[74]
16.6 Mm2 Surface area of Pluto[75]
17 Mm2 Russia (country ranked 1st by area)[76]
30 Mm2 Africa[77]
35.5 Mm2 Largest extent of the British Empire[78]
38 Mm2 Surface area of the Moon[79]
77 Mm2 Atlantic Ocean[80]
1014   144 Mm2 Surface area of Mars[81]
150 Mm2 Land area of Earth[82]
156 Mm2 Pacific Ocean[83]
360 Mm2 Water area of Earth[82]
510 Mm2 Total surface area of Earth[82]

1015 to 1026 square metres

List of orders of magnitude for areas 1015 to 1026 square metres.
Factor (m2) Multiple Value Item
1015   1,000 Mm2 Surface area of the white dwarf, Van Maanen's star
7,600 Mm2 Neptune[84]
1016   43,000 Mm2 Saturn[85]
61 000 Mm2 Jupiter,[86] the "surface" area of the spheroid (calculated from the mean radius as reported by NASA). The cross-sectional area of Jupiter, which is the same as the "circle" of Jupiter seen by an approaching spacecraft, is almost exactly one quarter the surface-area of the overall sphere, which in the case of Jupiter is approximately 1.535e+16 square meters.
1017   2-600 000 Mm2 Surface area of the brown dwarf CT Chamaeleontis B.
460,000 Mm2 Area swept by the Moon's orbit of Earth
1018 1 square gigametre (Gm2) 6.1 Gm2 Surface area of the Sun[87]
1019   30 Gm2 Surface area of the star Vega
1020    100 Gm2  
1021 1 000 Gm2
1022   11 000 Gm2 Area swept by Mercury's orbit around the Sun
37 000 Gm2 Area swept by Venus' orbit around the Sun
71 000 Gm2 Area swept by Earth's orbit around the Sun
1023   160 000 Gm2 Area swept by Mars' orbit around the Sun
281 000 Gm2 Surface area of a Dyson sphere with a radius of 1 AU
1024 1 square terametre (Tm2) 1.9 Tm2 Area swept by Jupiter's orbit around the Sun
6.4 Tm2 Area swept by Saturn's orbit around the Sun
8.5 Tm2 Surface area of the red supergiant star Betelgeuse
1025   24 Tm2 Surface area of the hypergiant star VY Canis Majoris
26 Tm2 Area swept by Uranus' orbit around the Sun
64 Tm2 Area swept by Neptune's orbit around the Sun
1026   110 Tm2 Area swept by Pluto's orbit around the Sun

1027 square metres and larger

List of orders of magnitude for areas 1027 square metres and larger.
Factor (m2) Multiple Value Item
1030 1 square petametre (Pm2)
1031 10 Pm2
1032 200 Pm2 Roughly the surface area of an Oort Cloud
300 Pm2 Roughly the surface area of a Bok globule
1033 1 000 Pm2
1034 30 000 Pm2 Roughly the surface area of The Bubble
1035 100 000 Pm2
1036 1 square exametre (Em2)
...
1041 700 000 Em2 Roughly the area of Milky Way's galactic disk
1042 1 square zettametre (Zm²)
...
1048 1 square yottametre (Ym²)
1054 2400 Ym² Surface area of the observable universe[88]

References

  1. ^ Calculated: square of the Planck length = (1.62e-35 m)^2 = 2.6e-70 m^2
  2. ^ Russ Rowlett (September 1, 2004). "Units: S". How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
  3. ^ "Femtobarn". CERN writing guidelines. CERN. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
  4. ^ Eric W. Weisstein. "Thomson Cross Section". Eric Weisstein's World of Science. Wolfram Research. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
  5. ^ "Other non-SI units". SI brochure. BIPM. Archived from the original on August 21, 2008. Retrieved 2011-10-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ ""Rule of thumb" for the area per molecule in lipid bilayer". BioNumbers. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
  7. ^ "Individual Properties of the 20 Standard Amino Acids: Properties and Images". The Amino Acid Repository. Jena Library of Biological Macromolecules. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
  8. ^ Janin, J. E. L. (1979). "Surface and inside volumes in globular proteins". Nature. 277 (5696): 491–492. doi:10.1038/277491a0. PMID 763335.
  9. ^ "The Nuclear Pore Complex". UIUC Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
  10. ^ "E. coli Statistics". The CyberCell Database. Retrieved 2011-09-11.
  11. ^ Marcelli, Gianluca; Parker, Kim H.; Winlove, C. Peter (2005). "Thermal Fluctuations of Red Blood Cell Membrane via a Constant-Area Particle-Dynamics Model". Biophysical Journal. 89 (4): 2473–2480. Bibcode:2005BpJ....89.2473M. doi:10.1529/biophysj.104.056168. Retrieved 2011-09-27. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)
  12. ^ Calculated: Smallest and largest common pitches were 77 micrometers and 337 micrometers. (77e-6 m)^2 ~= 6e-9 m^2. (337e-6 m)^2 ~= 114e-9 m^2 ~= 110e-9 m^2
  13. ^ Calculated: (300 dots per inch / 2.54e-2 m/inch)^(-2) = 7.2e-9 m^2
  14. ^ "Hair Fiber Composition". Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  15. ^ Calculated: 100 μm in diameter => pi * ((1e-4 m)/2)**2 = 7.9e-9 m^2
  16. ^ Calculated: pi * (0.5mm/2)^2 = 2.0e-7 m^2 and pi * (0.7mm/2)^2 = 3.8e-7 m^2)
  17. ^ "Part XIII: Facts and Figures concerning the human retina". Webvision. University of Utah. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
  18. ^ Calculated: ((6e-3 m)/2)**2 * pi = 2.8e-5 m^2 and ((8e-3 m)/2)**2 * pi = 5.0e-5 m^2
  19. ^ "Coin specifications". United States Mint. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
  20. ^ Calculated: area = pi * diameter^2 / 4 = 3.14 * (19.05e-3 m)^2 = 2.850e-4 m^2
  21. ^ Taylor, Enid; Jennings, Alan (1971). "Calculation of total retinal area". Brit. J. Ophthal. 55 (4): 262–5. PMC 1208280. PMID 5572268. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  22. ^ "Credit Card Dimensions". Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  23. ^ Calculated: 3 inches * 5 inches * (2.54e-2 m/inch)^2 = 9.7e-3 m^2 ~= 0.01 m^2
  24. ^ Calculated: 1 foot * 1 foot * (0.3048 meters / foot)^2 = 0.093 m^2
  25. ^ "Rules of the Game". USA Basketball. Archived from the original on October 27, 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ Calculated: 29.5-29.75 inch circumference * 2.54 cm / in = 23.85-24.05 cm diameter => radius = 0.119-0.120 m => Area = 4 * pi * (0.119 m)^2 = 0.18 m^2
  27. ^ Sacco, Joseph J.; Botten, Joanne; Macbeth, Fergus; Bagust, Adrian; Clark, Peter (2010). "The Average Body Surface Area of Adult Cancer Patients in the UK: A Multicentre Retrospective Study". PLoS ONE. 5 (1): e8933. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.8933S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008933. PMC 2812484. PMID 20126669. Retrieved 2011-09-27.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  28. ^ Notter, Robert H. (2000). Lung surfactants: basic science and clinical applications. New York, N.Y: Marcel Dekker. p. 120. ISBN 0-8247-0401-0. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
  29. ^ "Section 1.1". Official Volleyball Rules 2011-2012 (PDF). FIVB. 2010. Retrieved 2011-10-27. The playing court is a rectangle measuring 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a free zone which is a minimum of 3 m wide on all sides.
  30. ^ "Median and Average Square Feet of Floor Area in New Single-Family Houses Completed by Location" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
  31. ^ "Area of a Tennis Court". The Physics Factbook. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
  32. ^ Calculated: 50 m * 25 m = 1250 m^2
  33. ^ "General Tables of Units of Measurement" (PDF). NIST. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 26, 2006. Retrieved 28 October 2011. 4046.87 {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ "What are the Dimensions of a Football Field". Dimensions Guide. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
  35. ^ Calculated: 360 feet * 160 feet * (0.3048 m/ft)^2 = 5351 m^2 ~= 5400 m^2
  36. ^ "How Big Is An Olympic Soccer Field?". LIVESTRONG.COM. Retrieved 4 January 2012. For the Olympics, fields are supposed to measure exactly 105 meters long and 68 meters wide
  37. ^ Calculated: 105 m * 68 m = 7140 m^2
  38. ^ "General Tables of Units of Measurement" (PDF). NIST. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 26, 2006. Retrieved 28 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ [1]
  40. ^ Greenberg, Ralph. "THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA (Some Elegant Numerical Relationships)". Retrieved 4 January 2012. average length of the four sides is 230.364 meters
  41. ^ Calculated: 230.364 m^2 ~= 53068 m^2
  42. ^ "Holy See (Vatican City)". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
  43. ^ "The Pentagon - George Bergstrom". Great Buildings Online. Retrieved 28 October 2011. Floor area of 6.5 million square feet, 34 acres, 13.8 hectares, of which 3.7 million square feet are used for offices.
  44. ^ "Monaco". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  45. ^ Calculated: 1 mile * 1 mile * (1.61 km / mile)^2 = 2.59 km^2
  46. ^ "Jurisdictions: London". The International Finance Centre Portal. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  47. ^ "New York -- Place and County Subdivision: Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density 2000". Census 2000 Summary File 1. US Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
  48. ^ "San Marino". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  49. ^ "Paris" (PDF). INSEE. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  50. ^ "Walt Disney World Resort". Disney By The Numb3rs. Retrieved 28 October 2011. 30,500 acres
  51. ^ "Appendix II Statistics". Taipei Yearbook 2010. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  52. ^ "Population and Dwelling Counts". 2001 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  53. ^ "Hong Kong". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  54. ^ "California by Place: Los Angeles city". US Census. Retrieved 28 October 2011. 498.29 square miles
  55. ^ "Cities with 100,000 or More Population in 2000 ranked by Land Area (square miles) /1, 2000 in Rank Order". U.S. Census Bureau, Administrative and Customer Services Division, Statistical Compendia Branch. March 16, 2004. Retrieved October 26, 2010.[dead link‍]
  56. ^ "OVERVIEW OF TOKYO". Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  57. ^ http://sp2010.bps.go.id/files/ebook/5105.pdf
  58. ^ "Jamaica". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  59. ^ "Lake Profile: Victoria". World Lakes. LakeNet. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  60. ^ "Austria". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  61. ^ "South Korea". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  62. ^ "Italy". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  63. ^ "Germany". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  64. ^ "Japan". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  65. ^ "Spain". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  66. ^ "Turkey". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  67. ^ "Egypt". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  68. ^ Rosstat (Russian Statistical Service), 2010 (xls). Retrieved 15 June 2012.
  69. ^ Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (December 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of world-systems research. 12 (2): 222. ISSN 1076-156X. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  70. ^ Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D." Social Science History. 3 (3/4): 125. doi:10.2307/1170959. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  71. ^ "Australia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
  72. ^ "Canada". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  73. ^ "Antarctica". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
  74. ^ "FAO Resources page". FAO.org. 2010.
  75. ^ "Pluto: By the Numbers". Solar System Exploration. NASA. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
  76. ^ "Russia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  77. ^ "Map of Africa". Worldatlas.com. Retrieved 4 January 2012. 30,065,000 sq km
  78. ^ Rein Taagepera (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly. 41 (3): 502. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00053. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  79. ^ "Earth's Moon: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  80. ^ "The World Factbook: Atlantic Ocean". Central Intelligence Agency. 2011-03-24. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  81. ^ "Mars: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  82. ^ a b c "The World Factbook: World". Central Intelligence Agency. 2011-08-31. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
  83. ^ "The World Factbook: Pacific Ocean". Central Intelligence Agency. 2011-11-17. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  84. ^ "Neptune: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  85. ^ "Saturn: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  86. ^ "Jupiter: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  87. ^ "Sun: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  88. ^ "Wolfram|Alpha: Computational Knowledge Engine". www.wolframalpha.com. Retrieved 2016-03-01.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(area)&oldid=743452120"