Otaru

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Otaru
小樽市
City
Otaru Montage Image
Top Left: Otaru Canal

Top Right: The Bank of Japan Otaru Museum
Middle right 1: - Glass Works in Otaru
Middle right 2: - Temiya old railway line

Bottom: - Vista from Mount Tengu
Flag of Otaru
Flag
Location of Otaru in Hokkaido
Location of Otaru in Hokkaido
CountryJapan
RegionHokkaido
PrefectureHokkaido (Shiribeshi Subprefecture)
Government
 • MayorYoshiharu Nakamatsu (since May 2011)
Area
 • Total243.13 km2 (93.87 sq mi)
Population
 (July 31, 2011)
 • Total131,706
 • Density541.71/km2 (1,403.0/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
- TreeShirakaba (Siberian Silver Birch)
- FlowerAzalea
- BirdAobato (Japanese Green Pigeon)
Phone number0134-32-4111
Address2-12-1 Hanazono, Otaru-shi, Hokkaido
047-8660
WebsiteCity of Otaru

Otaru (小樽市, Otaru-shi) is a city and port in Shiribeshi, Hokkaido, Japan, northwest of Sapporo. The city faces the Ishikari Bay, and has long served as the main port of the bay. With its many historical buildings, Otaru is a popular tourist destination. Because it is a 25-minute drive from Sapporo, it has recently grown as a bedroom community.

As of July 31, 2011, the city has an estimated population of 131,706 with 67,308 households and a population density of 541.71 persons per km² (1,403.0 persons per sq. mi.). The total area is 243.13 km2 (93.87 sq mi). Although it is the largest city in Shiribeshi Subprefecture, the subprefecture's capital is the more centrally-located Kutchan).

Geography

Otaru is a port town on the coast of the Sea of Japan in northern Shiribeshi Subprefecture. The southern portion of the city is characterized by the steep slopes of various mountains, notably Tenguyama; and the altitude of the land sharply drops from the mountains to the sea. The land available between the coast and mountains has been almost completely developed, and the developed part of the city on the mountain slopes is called Saka-no-machi, or "Hill town", including hills named Funamizaka (Boat-view Hill) and Jigokuzaka (Hell Hill).

Neighboring cities and towns

Rivers

Some of the rivers in Otaru are: Hoshioki, Kiraichi, Zenibako, Hariusu, Asari, Katsunai, Shioya, Myoken, Irifune.

Climate

In the summer the weather, like all of western Hokkaido, is very warm and balmy, with maxima of around 25 °C (77 °F) and high humidity - though nothing like so unpleasant as in southern Japan. In the winter, however, Otaru is exceptionally snowy, receiving as much as 6.6 metres (260 in) of snow from November to March, when it snows almost constantly and sunshine is extremely low. The average maximum snow cover is 1.22 metres (48 in). Extreme temperatures have ranged from 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) on August 1, 2000 to −18.0 °C (−0.4 °F) on January 24, 1954, in which month the highest snowfall of 3.1 metres (122 in) occurred.[1] Monthly precipitation totals in a record dating back to 1943 have ranged from 379.8 millimetres (15.0 in) in August 1962 to 12.0 millimetres (0.5 in) in June 2007.[1]

Climate data for Otaru (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −0.7
(30.7) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		3.7
(38.7) 		10.8
(51.4) 		16.4
(61.5) 		20.1
(68.2) 		23.7
(74.7) 		25.6
(78.1) 		21.9
(71.4) 		15.7
(60.3) 		8.1
(46.6) 		1.7
(35.1) 		12.2
(54.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3.3
(26.1) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		0.5
(32.9) 		6.5
(43.7) 		11.6
(52.9) 		15.7
(60.3) 		19.8
(67.6) 		21.7
(71.1) 		17.7
(63.9) 		11.5
(52.7) 		4.7
(40.5) 		−1
(30) 		8.5
(47.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −6.1
(21.0) 		−5.8
(21.6) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		2.6
(36.7) 		7.5
(45.5) 		12.1
(53.8) 		16.6
(61.9) 		18.4
(65.1) 		13.9
(57.0) 		7.6
(45.7) 		1.4
(34.5) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		5.2
(41.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 142.3
(5.60) 		105.6
(4.16) 		86.2
(3.39) 		57.4
(2.26) 		56.1
(2.21) 		46.3
(1.82) 		79.3
(3.12) 		117.7
(4.63) 		125.6
(4.94) 		130.3
(5.13) 		146.8
(5.78) 		141.4
(5.57) 		1,235
(48.61)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 194
(76) 		156
(61) 		107
(42) 		15
(5.9) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		1
(0.4) 		45
(18) 		156
(61) 		674
(264.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.5 mm) 25.5 22.0 19.7 12.7 10.7 8.6 10.3 10.2 12.5 16.4 20.9 23.5 193
Average snowy days 29.4 25.5 22.3 6.0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0.8 13.6 28.0 125.7
Average relative humidity (%) 70 69 66 64 69 77 80 78 72 67 67 70 71
Mean monthly sunshine hours 66.2 78.1 129.8 176.4 200.6 184.0 164.2 171.6 164.5 145.9 82.4 63.4 1,627.1
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency

History

Otaru in 1876
Former Bank of Japan Otaru Branch

The city was an Ainu habitation, and the name "Otaru" is recognised as being of Ainu origin, possibly meaning "River running through the sandy beach". The very small remaining part of the Temiya Cave contains carvings from the Zoku-Jōmon period of Ainu history, around A.D. 400. Otaru was recognised as a village by the bakufu in 1865, and in 1880 the first railway line in Hokkaido was opened with daily service between Otaru and Sapporo.

An Imperial decree in July 1899 established Otaru as an open port for trading with the United States and the United Kingdom.[2]

The city flourished well as the financial and business center in Hokkaido as well as the trade port with Japanese ruled southern Sakhalin until 1920s. Otaru was redesignated as a city on August 1, 1922.

On December 26, 1924, a freight train loaded with 600 cases of dynamite exploded in Temiya Station, damaging the warehouse, the harbour facilities and the surrounding area. Local officials stated that at least 94 were killed and 200 injured in this disaster.

Since the 1950s, as the coal industry around the city went into a decline, the status of economic hub shifted from Otaru to Sapporo.

Education

Universities

National

Private

High schools

Public

  • Hokkaido Otaru Choryo High School

Private

  • Hokusho High School

Notable attractions

Otaru Canal at night

A canal adorned with Victorian-style street lamps runs through Otaru. The city attracts a large number of Japanese tourists as well as Russian visitors.

A famous attraction on the west side of the city is Nishin Goten (herring mansion). This large wooden building, built in 1897, was once the house of Hunkumatsu Tanakaa, a magnate of the herring fishing industry. It was originally built in nearby Tomari village and moved from there in 1958. Visitors can clearly see the difference between the squalid conditions of the first floor sleeping quarters of 120 workers and the ground floor luxury of the magnate’s rooms.

Otaru is well known for its beer, and Otaru Beer, next to the canal, is a popular restaurant with a medieval theme. Otaru is also known for the freshness of its sushi. The town also has substantial shopping arcades and bazaars, but fewer than nearby Sapporo.

Otaru's prominent industries are arts and crafts, such as studio glass and musical boxes.

Tenguyama

Otaru Tenguyama Ski Resort

Otaru is an important port for Sapporo, and part of this hilly city is on the lower slopes of Tenguyama, a good place for skiing and other winter sports and one that is accessible via Otaru Tenguyama Ropeway.

Sister cities

Notable people

See also

External links

Media related to Otaru, Hokkaido at Wikimedia Commons

  1. ^ a b 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）
  2. ^ US Department of State. (1906). A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759.
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