Pornochanchada
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Pornochanchada (Portuguese pronunciation: [poʁnoʃɐ̃ˈʃadɐ]) is the name given to a genre of sexploitation films produced in Brazil that was popular during the 1970s and early 1980s. Its name combined pornô (porn) and chanchada (light comedy), as itself combines comedy and soft-core pornography.[1][2]
Pornochanchadas were initially produced in the downtown quarter of São Paulo that was nicknamed "Boca do Lixo" ("Garbage Mouth"). The genre was usually seen as a part of low-budget films produced there, collectively known as Mouth of Garbage Cinema.[3][4] Later, there were productions in Rio de Janeiro as well, creating the subgenre pornochanchada carioca,[5] which was to find its star in Alba Valeria during the early 1980s.
Pornochanchadas were generally in line with "sex comedies" produced in other countries, but also featured some Brazilian peculiarities. The prominent actresses were Helena Ramos, Matilde Mastrangi, Aldine Müller, Sandra Bréa, Nicole Puzzi, Monique Lafond, Nádia Lippi, Patrícia Scalvi, Rossana Ghessa, Zilda Mayo, Zaíra Bueno, Kate Lyra, Vanessa Alves, Meire Vieira, Adele Fátima, and Marta Anderson. After the end of the pornochanchada era, they moved to telenovelas and/or more mainstream genres of cinema. Actresses like Vera Fischer and Sônia Braga have also appeared in pornochanchadas. The most popular actors were David Cardoso (presented as the symbol of Brazilian machismo, who was also a director and the owner of the production company Dacar) and Nuno Leal Maia. Among the distinguished directors of the genre were Ody Fraga, Tony Vieira and Jean Garret.
Despite conditions of strict censorship in Brazil in that era due to the military dictatorship in Brazil, the state-run film company Embrafilme was generally eager to support pornochanchadas, because they were not critical of the government and did not depict explicit sex.[6][7] Producers became increasingly dependent on pornochanchadas to compete with American films and to guarantee immediate returns. As the genre's success grew, the term began to be indiscriminately applied to various types of films that focused on sexual relationships. Some Nelson Rodrigues adaptations were among such films. By the 1980s, with the availability of hardcore pornography through clandestine video cassettes, the genre suffered a considerable decline.
After the end of the military regime in 1985, repressive measures on cinema and television were lifted, marking a virtual end for pornochanchada. The Brazilian Constitution of 1988, and the subsequent Fernando Collor's government termination of Embrafilme in 1990, marked the end of the era of nudity and sex as a means of drawing mass audiences to Brazilian films. It brought to a close a generation of directors, writers and actors associated since the sixties with the Cinema Novo movement, many of whom were involved at one time or another with pornochanchadas.
Notable films
- A Árvore dos Sexos (Sílvio de Abreu; 1977)
- Histórias Que Nossas Babás Não Contavam (Oswaldo de Oliveira; 1979)
- The Virgin and the Macho Man (José Mojica Marins; 1974)
See also
Bibliography
- Dennison, Stephanie (2004). Popular Cinema in Brazil: 1930-2001. Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719064999.
- Johnson, Randal; Stam, Robert (1995). Brazilian Cinema. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231102674.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
References
- ^ Johnson & Stam 1995. p. 269
- ^ Dennison 2004. p. 157
- ^ Lesser, Jeff (2007). A Discontented Diaspora: Japanese Brazilians and the Meanings of Ethnic Militancy, 1960–1980. Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822340812.
- ^ Shaw, Lisa; Dennison, Stephanie (2005). Pop Culture Latin America!: Media, Arts, and Lifestyle. ABC-CLIO. p. 262. ISBN 9781851095049.
- ^ Dennison 2004. p. 161
- ^ Johnson & Stam 1995. p. 405
- ^ Dennison 2004. p. 158
