Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangapatna

For information about other temples of Lord Ranganatha, see Ranganathaswamy Temple (disambiguation).

Ranganathaswamy
Hindu temple
Ranganathaswamy temple (984 A.D.) at Srirangapatna in Mandya district
Country	India
State	Karnataka
District	Mandya District
Languages
• Official	Kannada
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)

A view of the tower in Vijayanagara style from inside the complex, near the small pushkarni (temple tank)

The Ranganthaswamy temple (usually referred to as "Sri Ranganathaswamy") in Srirangapatina, in the Mandya district of Karnataka state, India, is dedicated to the Hindu god Ranganatha (a manifestation of the god Vishnu). It is one of the five important pilgrimage sites along the river Kaveri for devotees of Ranganatha. These five sacred sites are together known as Pancharanga Kshetrams in Southern India. Since Srirangapatna is the first temple starting from upstream, the deity is known as Adi Ranga (lit; "first Ranga"). The town of Srirangapatna, which derives its name from the temple, is located on an island in the river Kaveri.

History

According to the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the temple is one of considerable antiquity. An inscription at the temple reveals it was first consecrated in 984 A.D. by a local chief called Tirumalaiah, a vassal of the Western Ganga dynasty. In early 12th century, Hoysala King Vishnuvardhana (r.1108-1152) granted the village of Srirangapatna to the Vaishnava saint Ramanujacharya as an agraharam (place of learning). An inscription of the great Hoysala King Veera Ballala II (1210 A.D.) confirms that additions and renovations were made to the temple at that time. The tower over the entrance bears features consistent with Vijayanagara architecture. According to historian George Michell, contributions were also made by the Wodeyar kings of the Kingdom of Mysore. The temple is protected by the Archaeological Survey of India as a monument of national importance. According to historian K.V. Soundararajan, the Rangantha temples in South India built during the 9th and 10th centuries have a systematic arrangement of subsidiary deities as seen in this temple along with the Appakkudathaan Perumal Temple at Koviladi, Sowmya Narayana Perumal temple at Thirukoshtiyur, Veeraraghava Perumal Temple at Mannargudi and Rajagopalaswamy temple at Mannargudi.

Temple plan

The temple has an imposing tower over the entrance gate (gopura) and two large concentric rectangular enclosures (prakara) around its perimeter. The entrance to the inner sanctum (garbhagriha) is through multiple columned halls (mantapa). A vestibule (sukhanasi), hall (navaranga or just mantapa) and a front hall (mukhamantapa) are the other main structures in the temple. The roof of the mukhamantapa is decorated with a "garland" ("hara") of miniature decorative towers (called "kudu" and "sala" shikharas) whose niches contain stucco images of the god Vishnu.

In the sanctum, the image of Vishnu reclines on the coils of the snake Adisesha, under a canopy formed by the snake's seven hoods, with his consort Lakshmi at his feet. Flanking Vishnu are other deities from the Hindu pantheon; Sridevi, Bhudevi (goddess of earth) and Brahma (the creator). There are other smaller shrines within the complex dedicated to Narasimha (an avatar of Vishnu), Gopalakrishna, Srinivasa (manifestation of Vishnu), Hanuman, Garuda and the Alwar saints.

The five sacred sites

The following temples are considered the five sacred sites of worship of the god Ranganatha and are together called Pancharanga Kshetram (Pancha-"five", ranga-"Ranganatha", Kshetram-"sites").

Temple	Location
Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple	Srirangapatna
Sri Ranganatha Swamy Temple	Srirangam
Sarangapani Temple	Kumbakonam
Sri Appakkudathan Temple	Trichy
Parimala Ranganatha Perumal Temple	Indalur, Mayiladuthurai

Gallery

• 
  A profile of the gopuram (tower) over entrance in the Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangapatna
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  A view of the entranace into the main temple hall (mukhamantapa) with decorative "kudu" and "sala" miniature towers in the Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangapatna
• 
  Lathe turned pillars, a Hoysala addition to the temple, in the inner open mantapa (hall) in the Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangapatna
• 
  A view of the prakara (bounding wall) in the Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangapatna
• 
  A relief sculpture on a minor shrine on a pedastal in the Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangapatna
• 
  A relief sculpture on a minor shrine on a pedastal in the Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangapatna
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  An open mantapa (hall) inside the complex in the Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangapatna

See also

Divya Desams

References

• Michell, George (1995) [1995]. The New Cambridge History of India, Volumes 1-6. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521 441102.
• Dalal, Roshen (2011). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books India. pp. 339–. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• "Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple". Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Retrieved 21 Dec 2013.
• "Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka -Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka". Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India. Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts. Retrieved 21 Dec 2013.