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Shaw Prize

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Shaw Prize
A gold circular medal with a depiction of an elderly man with glasses wearing a jacket buttoned to the neck; the English words "The Shaw Prize" and Chinese characters "邵逸夫獎" engraved on it
The obverse of the Shaw Prize medal
DescriptionOutstanding contributions in astronomy, life science and medicine, and mathematical sciences.
Country{Hong Kong, China}
Presented byThe Shaw Prize Foundation
First awarded2004
Websitewww.shawprize.org
Three white men wearing suits and ties stand in front of a podium, each holding up a medal
Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess and Brian P. Schmidt (from left to right) jointly won the 2006 astronomy prize
A white elderly man wearing suit and tie stands before a brick house
Richard Doll, one of the 2004 life science and medicine prize winners
A man wearing a shirt and trousers looks towards the right, with both hands inside his pockets
Shiing-Shen Chern, the 2004 mathematical sciences prize winner
A white man wearing glasses and a shirt looking upward
Andrew John Wiles, the 2005 mathematical sciences prize winner
A man with dark hair holds his head with his right hand
Vladimir Arnold, one of the 2008 mathematical sciences prize winners

The Shaw Prize is an annual award first presented by the Shaw Prize Foundation in 2004. Established in 2002 in Hong Kong, it honours living "individuals, regardless of race, nationality and religious belief, who have achieved significant breakthroughs in academic and scientific research or application, and whose work has resulted in a positive and profound impact on mankind."[1][2] The prize, widely regarded as the "Nobel of the East",[2][3][4][5] is named after Sir Run Run Shaw (邵逸夫), a leader in the Hong Kong media industry and a long-time philanthropist.

The prize is for recent achievements in the fields of astronomy, life science and medicine, and mathematical sciences; it is not awarded posthumously.[1] Nominations are submitted by invited individuals beginning each year in September. The award winners are then announced in the summer, and receive the prize at the ceremony in early autumn. The winners receive a medal and a certificate. The front of the medal bears a portrait of Shaw as well as the English and the Chinese name of the prize; the back bears the year, the category, the name of the winner and a Chinese quotation of philosopher Xun Zi (制天命而用之, which means "Grasp the law of nature and make use of it").[6] In addition, the winner receives a sum of money, which is worth US$1 million as of 2008.[1][7]

As of 2011, 25 prizes have been awarded to 43 individuals. The inaugural winner for the Astronomy award was Canadian P. James E. Peebles; he was honoured for his contributions to cosmology. Two inaugural prizes were awarded for the Life Science and Medicine category: Americans Stanley N. Cohen, Herbert W. Boyer and Yuet-Wai Kan jointly won one of the prizes for their works pertaining to DNA while British physiologist Sir Richard Doll won the other for his contribution to cancer epidemiology. Shiing-Shen Chern of China won the inaugural Mathematical Sciences award for his work on differential geometry.

Of note, six of the 2012 Nobel laureates—Jules A. Hoffmann, Bruce A. Beutler, Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess, Shinya Yamanaka and Brian P. Schmidt—were previous laureates of the Shaw Prize.

Shaw Prize laureates

Astronomy

Year Laureate[a] Nationality[b] Rationale[c] Refs.
2004 P. James E. Peebles  Canada for his contributions to cosmology [8][9]
2005 Geoffrey Marcy  United States for their contributions that led to the discovery of planetary systems [10][11]
Michel Mayor  Switzerland
2006 Saul Perlmutter  United States for finding the expansion rate of the accelerating universe and the energy density of space [12][13]
Adam Riess  United States
Brian Schmidt  Australia
2007 Peter Goldreich  United States for his achievements in theoretical astrophysics and planetary sciences [14][15]
2008 Reinhard Genzel  Germany for demonstrating that the Milky Way's centre contains a supermassive black hole [16][17]
2009 Frank H. Shu (徐遐生)  United States for his lifelong contributions to theoretical astronomy [18][19]
2010 Charles L. Bennett  United States for their contributions to the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe experiment, which helps to determine the geometry, age and composition of the universe [20]
Lyman A. Page Jr.  United States
David N. Spergel  United States
2011 Enrico Costa  Italy for their leadership of space missions that enabled the demonstration of the cosmological origin of gamma ray bursts, the brightest sources known in the universe. [21]
Gerald J. Fishman  United States
2012 David Jewitt  United States for their discovery and characterization of trans-Neptunian bodies, an archeological treasure dating back to the formation of the solar system and the long-sought source of short period comets. [22]
Jane Luu  United States

Life science and medicine

Year Laureate[a] Nationality[b] Rationale[c] Refs.
2004[d] Stanley N. Cohen  United States for their contributions to DNA cloning and genetic engineering [9][23]
Herbert W. Boyer  United States
Yuet-Wai Kan (簡悅威)  United States for his works on DNA polymorphism
2004[d] Sir Richard Doll  United Kingdom for his contributions to the epidemiology of cancer
2005 Sir Michael Berridge  United Kingdom for his works on calcium signalling, a process that regulate the activity of cells [24][25]
2006 Xiaodong Wang (王曉東)  United States for his works on programmed cell death [26][27]
2007 Robert Lefkowitz  United States for his works on G protein-coupled receptor [28][29]
2008[e] Keith H. S. Campbell  United Kingdom for their works on the cell differentiation in mammals, a process that advances our knowledge of developmental biology [17][30]
Sir Ian Wilmut  United Kingdom
Shinya Yamanaka (山中伸彌)  Japan
2009 Douglas L. Coleman  United States for their discovery of leptin [19][31]
Jeffrey M. Friedman  United States
2010 David Julius  United States for his discovery of molecular mechanisms by which the skin senses painful stimuli [32]
2011 Jules A. Hoffmann  France for their discovery of the molecular mechanism of innate immunity, the first line of defense against pathogens. [33]
Ruslan M. Medzhitov  United States
Bruce A. Beutler  United States
2012 Franz-Ulrich Hartl  Germany for their contributions to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of protein folding. Proper protein folding is essential for many cellular functions. [34]
Arthur Horwich  United States

Mathematical sciences

Year Laureate[a] Nationality[b] Rationale[c] Refs.
2004 Shiing-Shen Chern (陳省身)  China for his initiation and pioneering of global differential geometry [35][36]
2005 Andrew John Wiles  United Kingdom for his proof of Fermat's Last Theorem [37][38]
2006 David Mumford  United States for his contributions to pattern theory and vision research [39][40]
Wentsun Wu (吳文俊)  China for his contributions to mathematics mechanisation
2007 Robert Langlands  Canada for the development of the Langlands program, a program that connects prime numbers with symmetry [41][42]
Richard Taylor  United Kingdom
2008 Vladimir Arnold  Russia for their contributions to mathematical physics [17][43]
Ludwig Faddeev  Russia
2009 Simon K. Donaldson  United Kingdom for their contributions to the geometry of 3 and 4 dimensions [19][44]
Clifford H. Taubes  United States
2010 Jean Bourgain  Belgium for his work in mathematical analysis and its application to fields ranging from partial differential equations to theoretical computer science [45]
2011 Demetrios Christodoulou  Greece for their highly innovative works on nonlinear partial differential equations in Lorentzian and Riemannian geometry and their applications to general relativity and topology. [46]
Richard S. Hamilton  United States
2012 Maxim Kontsevich  France for his pioneering works in algebra, geometry and mathematical physics and in particular deformation quantization, motivic integration and mirror symmetry. [47]

Notes

  • a The form and spelling of the names in the name column is according to shawprize.org, the official website of the Shaw Prize Foundation. Alternative spellings and name forms, where they exist, are given at the articles linked from this column.
  • b The information in the country column is according to shawprize.org, the official website of the Shaw Prize Foundation. This information may not necessarily reflect the recipient's birthplace or citizenship.[48]
  • c The rationale for each award is quoted (not always in full) from shawprize.org, the official website of the Shaw Prize Foundation.
  • d Two prizes were awarded for the life science and medicine category in 2004: Stanley N. Cohen, Herbert W. Boyer and Yuet-Wai Kan jointly received one of the prizes (half went to Cohen and Boyer; the other half went to Kan). Richard Doll received the other prize.[49][50]
  • e Half of the 2008 life science and medicine prize went to Keith H. S. Campbell and Ian Wilmut; the other half went to Shinya Yamanaka.

References

General
  • "The Shaw Laureates (2004 – 2009)" (PDF). shawprize.org. Retrieved October 27, 2009.
Specific
  1. ^ a b c "Introduction". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  2. ^ a b "Jackson Laboratory scientist wins Shaw Prize, "Nobel of the East"". The Jackson Laboratory. June 16, 2009. Retrieved October 26, 2009.
  3. ^ "Berkeley Lab's Saul Perlmutter Wins Shaw Prize in Astronomy". Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. June 21, 2006. Retrieved November 20, 2009.
  4. ^ "$1 million 'Nobel of the East' awarded to Sir Michael Berridge, Emeritus Fellow at the Babraham Institute". Babraham Institute. July 18, 2005. Retrieved November 20, 2009.
  5. ^ "Solana Beach: Astronomy researcher gets $1 million Shaw Prize". North County Times. June 17, 2009. Retrieved November 20, 2009.
  6. ^ "Medal". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  7. ^ "Rules of Procedures" (PDF). shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  8. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Astronomy - 2004 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  9. ^ a b "Shaw Prize awarded to six scientists". Government of Hong Kong. September 7, 2004. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
  10. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Astronomy - 2005 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  11. ^ Sanders, Robert (September 1, 2005). "Planet hunter Geoffrey Marcy shares $1 million Shaw Prize in astronomy". UC Berkeley. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
  12. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Astronomy - 2006 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  13. ^ "Berkeley physicist Perlmutter wins Shaw Prize for work on expansion of universe". UC Berkeley. June 22, 2006. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
  14. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Astronomy - 2007 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  15. ^ "Caltech Astrophysicist Peter Goldreich Wins $1 Million International Shaw Prize". California Institute of Technology. June 12, 2007. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
  16. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Astronomy - 2008 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  17. ^ a b c Viñas, Maria José (June 10, 2008). "6 Professors to Share $1-Million Shaw Prizes". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
  18. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Astronomy - 2009 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  19. ^ a b c Beja, Marc (June 16, 2009). "$1-Million Shaw Prizes Go to 5 Researchers". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
  20. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Astronomy - 2010 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  21. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Astronomy - 2011 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved June 07, 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  22. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Astronomy - 2012 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". Retrieved May 29, 2012.
  23. ^ "Announcement and Citations - Two Prizes - Life Science and Medicine - 2004 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  24. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Life Science and Medicine - 2005 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  25. ^ "$1 million 'Nobel of the East' awarded to Sir Michael Berridge, Emeritus Fellow at the Babraham Institute". Babraham Institute. July 18, 2005. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
  26. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Life Science and Medicine - 2006 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  27. ^ "Xiaodong Wang Wins $1 Million Shaw Prize". Howard Hughes Medical Institute. June 22, 2006. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
  28. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Life Science and Medicine - 2007 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  29. ^ "Robert J. Lefkowitz Wins $1 Million Shaw Prize". Howard Hughes Medical Institute. June 12, 2007. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
  30. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Life Science and Medicine - 2008 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  31. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Life Science and Medicine - 2009 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  32. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Life Science and Medicine - 2010 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  33. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Life Science and Medicine - 2011 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved June 07, 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  34. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Life Science and Medicine - 2012 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". Retrieved May 29, 2012.
  35. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Mathematical Sciences - 2004 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  36. ^ Sanders, Robert (December 6, 2004). "Renowned mathematician Shiing-Shen Chern, who revitalized the study of geometry, has died at 93 in Tianjin, China". UC Berkeley. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
  37. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Mathematical Sciences - 2005 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  38. ^ "Institute For Advanced Study Congratulates 2005 Shaw Prize Laureate Andrew Wiles". Institute for Advanced Study. June 7, 2005. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
  39. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Mathematical Sciences - 2006 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  40. ^ "UT Southwestern biochemist wins $1 million research prize for cell death, cancer insights". UT Southwestern Medical Center. June 21, 2006. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
  41. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Mathematical Sciences - 2007 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  42. ^ "Two Faculty Members Named 2007 Shaw Prize Laureates". Institute for Advanced Study. June 13, 2007. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
  43. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Mathematical Sciences - 2008 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  44. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Mathematical Sciences - 2009 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  45. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Mathematical Sciences - 2010 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  46. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Mathematical Sciences - 2011 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". shawprize.org. Retrieved June 07, 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  47. ^ "Announcement and Citation - Mathematics - 2012 - Shaw Laureates - The Shaw Prize". Retrieved May 29, 2012.
  48. ^ "Shaw Laureates Chart (2004 – 2010)" (JPG). shawprize.org. Retrieved December 11, 2010.
  49. ^ "The Shaw Laureates (2004 – 2009)" (PDF). shawprize.org. Retrieved October 29, 2009.[dead link]
  50. ^ "Press release of the 2004 Shaw Prize announcement". shawprize.org. Retrieved October 29, 2009.[dead link]

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