Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece (from 2008)
Part of a series on |
Eastern Christianity |
---|
![]() |
This is a timeline of the presence of Orthodoxy in Greece. The history of Greece traditionally encompasses the study of the Greek people, the areas they ruled historically, as well as the territory now composing the modern state of Greece.
Christianity was first brought to the geographical area corresponding to modern Greece by the Apostle Paul, although the church's apostolicity also rests upon St. Andrew who preached the gospel in Greece and suffered martyrdom in Patras, Titus, Paul's companion who preached the gospel in Crete where he became bishop, Philip who, according to the tradition, visited and preached in Athens, Luke the Evangelist who was martyred in Thebes, Lazarus of Bethany, Bishop of Kition in Cyprus, and John the Theologian who was exiled on the island of Patmos where he received the Revelation recorded in the last book of the New Testament. In addition, the Theotokos is regarded as having visited the Holy Mountain in 49 AD according to tradition.[note 1] Thus Greece became the first European area to accept the gospel of Christ. Towards the end of the 2nd century the early apostolic bishoprics had developed into metropolitan sees in the most important cities. Such were the sees of Thessaloniki, Corinth, Nicopolis, Philippi and Athens.[1]
By the 4th century almost the entire Balkan peninsula constituted the Exarchate of Illyricum which was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome. Illyricum was assigned to the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constantinople by the emperor in 732. From then on the Church in Greece remained under Constantinople till the fall of the Byzantine empire to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. As an integral part of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, the church remained under its jurisdiction until Greek independence.[1] Under Ottoman rule, up to "6,000 Greek clergymen, ca. 100 Bishops, and 11 Patriarchs knew the Ottoman sword".[2][3][note 2]
The Greek War of Independence of 1821–28 created an independent southern Greece, but created anomalies in ecclesiastical relations since the Ecumenical Patriarch remained under Ottoman tutelage, and in 1850 the Endemousa Synod in Constantinople declared the Church of Greece autocephalous.
The cultural roots of both Byzantine and modern Greece cannot be separated from Orthodoxy. Therefore, it was natural that in all Greek Constitutions the Orthodox Church was accorded the status of the prevailing religion.[9][note 3]
In the 20th century, during much of the period of communism, the Church of Greece saw itself as a guardian of Orthodoxy. It cherishes its place as the cradle of the primitive church and the Greek clergy are still present in the historic places of Istanbul and Jerusalem, and Cyprus.[10] The autocephalous Church of Greece is organised into 81 dioceses. However, 35 of these – known as the Metropolises of the New Lands – are nominally under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople but are administered as part of the Church of Greece; although the dioceses of Crete, the Dodecanese, and Mount Athos are under the direct jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.[11][note 4]
The Archbishop of Athens and All Greece presides over both a standing synod of twelve metropolitans (six from the new territories and six from southern Greece), who participate in the synod in rotation and on an annual basis, and a synod of the hierarchy (in which all ruling metropolitans participate), which meets once a year.[1]
The government observes several religious holidays as national holidays including Epiphany, Clean Monday (the start of Great Lent), Good Friday, Easter Sunday, Easter Monday, Holy Spirit Day, the Dormition of the Theotokos and Christmas.[12]
Among the current concerns of the Church of Greece are the Christian response to globalization, to interreligious dialogue, and a common Christian voice within the framework of the European Union.[1]
The population of Greece is 11.4 million (2011),[13][note 5] of which 95%[16][17][note 6] to 98%[18] are Greek Orthodox.
Third Hellenic Republic (from 2008)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Archbishop_Ieronymos_II_of_Athens_-_declaration_ceremony_2008Feb12.jpg/220px-Archbishop_Ieronymos_II_of_Athens_-_declaration_ceremony_2008Feb12.jpg)
- 2008 Abp. Ieronymos II (Liapis) of Athens elected;[19] Glorification of George (Karslidis) of Drama;[20] Pan-Orthodox meeting in Constantinople in October of the Primates of the fourteen Orthodox Churches, signing a document calling for inter-orthodox unity and collaboration and "the continuation of preparations for the Holy and Great Council";[21] the 13-member standing committee of the Church of Greece denounced government plans to introduce a civil partnerships law, saying government support for common law marriage would amount to state-sanctioned "prostitution;"[22] Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew Addresses European Parliament;[23] the relics of Saint Peter of Argos are returned to Argos, Greece, from a monastery chapel in Rome belonging to a Spanish order of monks;[24][note 7] the Arab-Hellenic Center for Culture and Civilization (AHCCC) was established in Athens, financed with a donation of around 3.4 million USD by 'Europe Trust', a UK-based fund closely related with the Muslim Brotherhood’s umbrella organization 'Federation of Islamic Organizations in Europe (FIOE)'.[25][note 8]
- 2008-2014 According to a Bank of Greece report,[26] over 427,000 people (ages 15 to 64) left Greece since 2008, marking the third wave of mass emigration in the 20th and 21st centuries.[27][28][note 9]
- 2009 Led by three senior Archbishops, a group of Orthodox clergy in Greece published the manifesto, A Confession of Faith Against Ecumenism, pledging to resist all ecumenical ties with Roman Catholics and Protestants, amongst its signatories including six metropolitans, 49 archimandrites, 22 hieromonks, 30 nuns and abbesses, and many other priests and church elders;[29] Orthodox-Roman Catholic Joint Commission meets in Paphos, Cyprus, 11th plenary, studying the theme "The Role of the Bishop of Rome in the Communion of the Church in the First Millennium;"[30] US President Barack Obama made an explicit appeal in his speech to the Turkish Parliament for the reopening of the hotly contested Greek Orthodox Theological Seminary on Halki;[31] Russian Orthodox Patr. Kirill of Moscow called on Turkish authorities to re-open the Theological Seminary on Halki;[32] repose of Elder Joseph of Vatopedi a noted twentieth century monastic regarded as one of the few remaining true Athonite elders;[33] the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) ruled that Turkey violated the property rights of the Bozcaada Kimisis Teodoku Greek Orthodox Church on the Aegean island of Bozcaada;[34][note 10] Patr. Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas of the Oriental Church of Antioch went on an official visit to Greece, to renew the relationship between both churches;[35] Greek Orthodox Church urges Christians across Europe to unite in an appeal against a ban on crucifixes in classrooms in Italy;[36] Viktor Yanukovych makes pilgrimage to Mount Athos;[37] over 1,000 Muslims rallied in Athens over unsubstantiated claims that Greek police allegedly tore up and trampled on the Quran.[38][39]
- 2010 The Metropolis of Attica was split into 2 new Metropolises: the Metropolis of Kifissia, Amaroussion and Oropos, and the Metropolis of Ilion, Acharnes and Petroupolis;[40] on Sunday, 15 August, 2010 Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I conducted the first Divine Liturgy in 88 years at the historic monastery of Panagia Soumela in Trapezounta, northeastern Turkey, marking the first official religious service carried out at the ancient monastery since the foundation of the modern Turkish Republic;[note 11] death of Metr. Augoustinos Kantiotes of Florina, a prolific spiritual writer and defender of traditional Orthodox theology.[42] death of painter, illustrator, engraver and writer Rallis Kopsidis (1929–2010), a student of Photis Kontoglou who was inspired by the Macedonian (11th-14th c.) and Cretan (14th-17th c.) Schools, who took part in painting the frescoes of the Byzantine Church of Chevetogne Abbey in Belgium (1955–57) as well as the church of the Orthodox Centre of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Chambesy, Geneva, considered one of the pioneers of his generation even though his work is not particularly well known.[43][44]
- 2011 The Governments of Armenia, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Russian Federation, Greece, Lithuania, Malta, and the Republic of San Marino filed a joint submission as a third-party intervener in the case of Lautsi v. Italy (Application no. 30814/06) in the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), arguing that the cross was a symbol deeply ingrained in their respective heritages and that to extend the values of a secular State to the whole of Europe would represent the “Americanisation” of Europe in that a single and unique rule and a rigid separation of Church and State would be binding on everyone,[note 12] with the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) ruling on March 18, 2011, by a majority (15 votes to two)[46] that there was no violation of Article 2 of Protocol No. 1 (the right to education) and no separate issue under Article 9 (the rights of freedom of thought, conscience, and religion) to the European Convention on Human Rights, thus upholding the display in public places of religious and cultural symbols and affirming freedom of religion;[45][47][note 13] on Sunday 3 April 2011, at 9:30 pm, in the Church of the Holy Trinity in Kalymnos, the face of Christ crowned with thorns appeared in the icon of the Virgin Mary on the iconostasis;[note 14] canonization of 1241 New Martyrs of Naoussa, Greece, massacred by the Ottomans from Thursday of Bright Week to the Sunday of Thomas in 1822.[50][51] Metropolitan Hilarion (Alfeyev) of Volokolamsk, chairman of the Department of External Church Relations of the Russian Orthodox Church (DECR), visits the Greek Orthodox Church;[52] launch of the "The Great Orthodox Christian Encyclopedia" 12-Volume set, blessed and sponsored by Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople, Patriarch Theodore II of Alexandria, Patriarch Ignatius IV of Antioch, Patriarch Theophilos III of Jerusalem, Archbishop Chrysostomos II of Cyprus, Archbishop Ieronymos II of Athens and All Greece, and others;[53][54][55] Chief Rabbi Yona Metzger signed a historic declaration on December 6, 2011, in Nicosia, Cyprus, with Archbishop Chrysostomos, primate of the Church of Cyprus, in which both of them promised to deepen relations between the Church and the Jewish people;[56][note 15] Greek Orthodox Church officials wrote a letter to the president of the European Commission, José Barroso protesting the hardships the Greek people were being made to suffer;[57][note 16] a December 2011 nationwide survey conducted by Metron Analysis (one of the biggest independent market research and public opinion survey companies in Greece), 95% of those polled reported that they were Orthodox Christians, while 1.5% said that they belong to some other religion, and 2.8% of the population said that they were irreligious or atheist, which is among the lowest figures in Europe.[16]
- 2012 Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew gave a landmark address at the Turkish Parliament's Constitution Conciliation Commission, tasked with drafting a new constitution for Turkey, presenting an 18-page report demanding equal treatment and rights for Turkey's non-Muslim communities, including state-aid for churches and minority schools;[58][59][note 17] the Greek Orthodox Church of Albania rejected an official census in the Balkan country suggesting that ethnic Greeks represent just 6.75 percent of the overall population, with the Church instead claiming that the figure is at 24 percent, slightly above that of previous censuses that put the percentage at 20.7 percent in 1942 and 22.3 percent in 1927;[60][note 18] in June the Church of Cyprus gave a part of the holy relics of St. Lazarus to a delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church led by Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia;[61][note 19] in October, Abp. Ieronymos spoke out against Europe’s handling of the financial crisis in Greece which, he said, is encroaching on the debt-hit nation’s sovereignty;[62][note 20] in November Metr. Seraphim (Mentzelopoulos) of Piraeus filed a blasphemy complaint against the director and actors of the theatrical play "Corpus Christi," which portrayed Jesus and the Apostles as gay men;[12][63][note 21] in 2012 deaths in Greece outnumbered births by 16,300, while 44,200 more people left the country than moved to it;[64] the number of employed people was 3.8 million compared to 4.1 million pensioners and the unemployed, out of a population of 11,062,500;[64] commenting to the BBC on the issue of constructing a mosque in Athens, Metr. Seraphim (Mentzelopoulos) of Piraeus remarked that "Greece suffered five centuries of Islamic tyranny under Turkish rule and building a mosque would offend the martyrs who freed us," adding that "we are not a multicultural country."[65][note 22]
- 2013 Plot to assassinate Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew uncovered By Turkish police;[66] Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew opens seminar on religious freedom celebrating the 1700th anniversary of the Edict of Milan;[67] Patriarch Kirill I of Moscow and all Rus’ made an official visit to Greece;[68][note 23] Patr. Kirill I of Moscow visited Mount Athos, accompanied by Metr. Hilarion of Volokolamsk, head of the Department for External Church Relations (DECR), visiting several monasteries and hermitages, venerating their shrines and celebrating the Divine Liturgy at the Russian Monastery of St. Panteleimon;[70] Metr. Seraphim (Mentzelopoulos) of Piraeus condemned the position of the Pope, and others, on 4 March 2013, in an encyclical on the Sunday of Orthodoxy, during which those who have abandoned Orthodoxy for heresy are traditionally condemned;[71][note 24] in a letter in late March to Abp. Ieronymos of Athens and All-Greece, Patr. Bartholomew responded that he was especially concerned by the recent statement by Metr. Seraphim invoking an anathema against the pope, Protestants, Jews, Muslims and Ecumenists;[73] on 27 June 2013, Metr. Seraphim (Mentzelopoulos) of Piraeus sent a 73-page epistle to Patr. Bartholomew about the subject of Ecumenism;[74] the Greek Parliament passed a bill lifting the ban on Sunday shopping, liberalizing the country's trading laws as demanded by the Troika of international lenders in exchange for further bailout aid, protested by the Church of Greece and more than seventeen Greek trade unions;[75][76][77][note 25] Church of Greece draws up a three-year financial plan in an effort to determine the size of its debt and to exploit its assets, according to Abp. Ieronymos II (Liapis) of Athens;[78] the US House subcommittee for European affairs called the Turkish government to "facilitate the reopening of the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Theological School of Halki without condition or further delay";[79][80] on November 27, the Sacred and Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate formally glorified Elder Porphyrios (Bairaktaris) of Kafsokalivia († 1991) and Venerable Meletios of Ypseni († 19th century).[81][82][note 26]
- 2014 The Gifts of the Wise Men to the Infant Jesus were brought to Moscow’s Christ the Savior Cathedral by Archimandrite Parthenios, Igumen of the Monastery of Agios Pavlos on Mount Athos, together with the monks of the monastery, who handed the special ciborium to Patriarch Kirill I of Moscow, who placed it the center of the Cathedral;[83][84][note 27][note 28] Sacred Synaxis of the Primates of the Orthodox Churches at the Phanar from March 6–9, in order to deliberate on matters pertaining to the entire Orthodox Church throughout the world and procedural issues for the convocation of the Holy and Great Council;[85] Abp. Ieronymos declared his support for the Robben Island Declaration for the Freedom of Marwan Barghouhti and all Palestinian Prisoners;[86] Metropolitans Seraphim of Piraeus and Andrew of Dryinoupolis of the Church of Greece, write a lengthy epistle sent to Pope Francis on April 10, 2014, concerning his past, the abysmal State of Papism, and a plea to return to Holy Orthodoxy;[87][88] death of renowned lay theologian, philologist and charismatic preacher Nikolaos Sotiropoulos, a fiery Orthodox traditionalist who was excommunicated by the Holy Synod of Constantinople in July 1993;[89][90][91][note 29] Metr. Gerasimos (Michaleas) of San Francisco officiated at the Thyranoixia (Opening of the Doors) service of the Holy Transfiguration Greek Orthodox Church in South Anchorage, Alaska, being the northernmost parish of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America and the only Greek Orthodox Church in the State of Alaska;[94][95][96] Greek Orthodox Church bans religious rites for those who choose cremation;[97][note 30] His Beatitude John X, Patriarch of Antioch and All the East conducted his irenic first visit to the Church of Greece from October 23 to 27 at the invitation of His Beatitude Ieronymos II;[98][note 31] in September, Greek lawmakers passed a bill toughening anti-racism laws and making Holocaust denial a criminal act;[99] Metr. Amvrosios of Kalavryta and Aigialeia adamantly spoke out against the "anti-racist law" passed in Greece, stating that "a priest who will speak up against Jehovah’s Witnesses and other religions from the ambo, may be declared a racist and imprisoned," adding that "soon we will become aliens in our own home country...your children will surely be slaves of Muslims...Greece is disappearing, faith is disappearing";[100][101] in November, a 'Synaxis of Greek Orthodox Clergy and Monastics' , including Protopresbyters Dr. George Metallinos and Dr. Theodoros Zisis, launched a petition to oppose the new "divided church" ecclesiology of Patriarch Bartolomew,[note 32] being signed by some 2000 Orthodox Christians at the time of its initial publication, including six hierarchs of the Church of Greece,[note 33] and many abbots, clergy, monastics, and laity;[103][104] the head of the Vatican Pope Francis visited Istanbul on November 29 and 30 for the Ecumenical Joint-Prayer service with Ec. Patr. Bartholomew on the Feast of St. Andrew;[105][note 34] Pope Francis bowed to receive a kiss and the blessing of Ec. Patr. Bartholomew during joint prayer service in the Patriarchal Cathedral of St George at the Phanar;[106][note 35] in a Special Eurobarometer poll, Cyprus had the highest proportion of respondents in the EU (21%) who said that religion was the most important value for them personally, while Greece had the third-highest proportion of respondents (15%).[107]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Paisios_l%27Atonita.png/175px-Paisios_l%27Atonita.png)
- 2015 On January 13, the Sacred and Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate formally glorified Elder Paisios of Mount Athos († 1994);[108][109][110] Aristides Baltas, the Greek Minister of Culture, Education and Religious Affairs, stated at a meeting of Parliament that the new government would be launching the process of separation of church and state in the near future;[111] for the first time in over a thousand years, the largest portion of the sacred relics of Saint Barbara were transferred to Athens from Venice, on loan for two weeks from May 10 to May 24 and hosted at the Shrine of Saint Barbara in the municipality of Agia Varvara, after a highly symbolic move by the Roman Catholic Church who decided to respond positively to the request of the Apostoliki Diakonia of the Church of Greece on its upcoming 80th anniversary;[112][113][114][note 36] at a meeting hosted by the Greek Orthodox Church’s Refugee and Migrant Center (KSPM-ERP), and attended by the General Secretary of the Churches’ Commission for Migrants in Europe (CCME) and other officials, Abp. Ieronymos II of Athens stated that refugees arriving at European borders should be hosted not only by Greece but by all other EU countries as well, proportional to the population of each, noting that illegal immigrants suffer because of the Western World’s actions;[116][note 37] in response to the International Day of Yoga, which was established by the United Nations in 2014, the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece stated that yoga is incompatible with Christianity as it is a fundamental aspect of Hinduism and cannot be considered as just a "form of exercise", also stating that it respects the freedom of religious belief but has a responsibility to avoid developing a "climate of religious syncretism";[120] in a letter to Justice Minister Nikos Paraskevopoulos,[121] Abp. Ieronymos II of Athens slammed cohabitation agreements which grant couples living together similar rights to those who are married, describing the pact as "a poor imitation" of marriage;[122][note 38] a Muslim cleric from Ankara recited a passage from the Koran in the Hagia Sophia for the first time in 85 years;[123] the Patriarchate of Antioch broke communion with the Patriarchate of Jerusalem over the non-resolution of the jurisdictional dispute over Qatar (Résolution no. 5-3/2015);[124][125] in 2015 WikiLeaks released "The Saudi Cables", including a cable from the Saudi embassy in Jordan stating that in 2011 Abp. Atallah Hanna contacted them with a request for money and they agreed to give him $200,000;[126][note 39] new English edition of Protopresbyter George Metallinos' 1992 Greek publication Unia: The Face and the Disguise; [127][note 40] Greek-Russian businessman and politician Ivan Savvidis offers to build a new mosque in Trabzon and hand it to the city’s municipality in return for making the Hagia Sophia in Trabzon a church once again;[128] Synaxis of Hierarchs of the Ecumenical Throne in Istanbul from August 29 to September 2, including 140 bishops and archbishops from churches in Europe, the United States and Asia, celebrating the Indiction (Church's New Year) and exchanging ideas on a wide range of issues from a Pan-Orthodox Synod, to environmental issues, to interfaith dialogue and other social issues;[129][130] Abp. Ieronymos II of Athens and All Greece accused Europe and the Greek government of trying to alter Christian Greek society and the identity of Greek people;[131][note 41] on a formal visit to Lambeth Palace from November 2–4, Ec. Patr. Bartholomew and the Abp. of Canterbury Justin Welby marked the publication of a new agreed Common Statement, 'In the Image and Likeness of God: A Hope-Filled Anthropology' , the culmination of six years of study on "what Anglicans and Orthodox can say together about the meaning of human personhood in the divine image";[132][note 42] the Prime Minister of Greece Alexis Tsipras visited the Patriarchate of Jerusalem, praising the contribution of the Patriarchate to interreligious dialogue and being awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre (Greek: Μεγαλόσταυρος του Τάγματος των Ιπποτών του Παναγίου Τάφου) by Patriarch Theophilos III;[135][136] the Greek parliament legislated a cohabitation agreement for same-sex couples, with a parliamentary majority of 193 MPs in favor, 56 MPs against and 51 absent;[137] commenting on the recent Anti-Racism Law and on the recognition of same-sex unions in Greece, various Greek Orthodox Hierarchs warned that the time of persecutions has arrived in Orthodox Greece;[138][note 43] the UNHCR reported that 851,319 refugees and migrants arrived in Greece in 2015 as a gateway to the Schengen Area.[139]
- 2016 The Church of Jerusalem canonized Venerable John the Chosebite / John Jacob of Neamţ (†1960);[140][141][note 44] Russian President Vladimir Putin visited Mount Athos alongside Patriarch Kirill, in order to mark the 1,000 year presence of Russian Orthodox monks in Greece;[142][143][note 45] Patriarch Kirill consecrated the restored cathedral of the Old Russikon skete of the Great-Martyr Panteleimon, on Holy Mount Athos on May 28;[145] the Turkish government stated it would permit the use of the Hagia Sophia basilica for Islamic Ramadan prayers throughout the month, a move that Greek officials decried as "retrograde" and disrespectful;[146][147] in a letter to the Greek Secretary-General for Transparency and Human Rights, over 50 organisations, including the National Secular Society (NSS), urged the Ministry of Justice to abolish Greek blasphemy laws and "drop all related charges pending" before Greek courts;[148][note 46] Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church is held in Kolymvari, Crete, from June 17–27, with 10 out of 14 autocephalous Churches in attendance, agreeing on six official documents;[149] the XXIII Conference of the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly on Orthodoxy (I.A.O.) met in Thessaloniki;[150][note 47] over 60 Athonite Fathers wrote an "open letter" to the Holy Community of Mt. Athos calling for an immediate convocation of the governing body of Athos to formally condemn the Council in Crete, stating their intention to cease commemorating the Patriarch of Constantinople due to his leadership in the "false council" at which the pan-heresy of ecumenism was supported;[152][note 48] ecclesiastical delegation from Church of Greece met the Patriarch and Hierarchs of Church of Georgia from July 25-28, to express - on behalf of all faithful Orthodox Christians in Greece - their heartfelt gratitude to the Patriarch, Hierarchy and Faithful of the Venerable and Martyric Church of Georgia for their confession of the Orthodox Faith over and against the rise - in council - of syncretistic ecumenism, and to discuss the proper response to the unorthodox "Council of Crete";[153][note 49] a public consultation process for Constitutional Revision was launched by Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras, including a proposed a "neutrality of the State" but with preservation of the recognition of the Christian Orthodox faith as "prevailing religion, for historical and practical reasons";[154][155] a group of protesters said to be anarchists burst into and disrupted the Divine Liturgy at the Greek Orthodox Church of Gregory Palamas in Thessaloniki;[156] repose of Schema-Archimandrite Jeremiah (Alekhin),[note 50] hegumen of the Russian Monastery of St Panteleimon on Mt Athos, aged 100, the oldest hegumen on the Holy Mountain;[157] amid growing tension between the Church of Greece and the government over changes to the way religion is taught at schools, Abp. Ieronymos stated that "Greece and Orthodoxy are not for sale";[158][note 51] in a lengthy presentation to the hierarchy of the Church of Greece,[159] Abp. Ieronymos dismissed calls for the separation of church and state as outdated remnants of the previous century, targeting left-wing ideology that is shrouded in a progressive guise as the driving force behind the move for the separation, while noting that the people will decide whether such a separation can take place;[160][161][162][163][note 52] Archimandite Athanasios Athanasios, Proigoumenos of the Holy Monastery of the Great Meteora wrote " The 'Council' of Crete, The Chronicle of a Premeditated Deviation ", a historical account and spiritual analysis demonstrating that the results of the 'Council' of Crete were pre-determined and pre-fabricated.[164]
See also
History
- History of the Orthodox Church
- History of Eastern Christianity
- History of the Eastern Orthodox Church under the Ottoman Empire
- History of Eastern Orthodox Churches in the 20th century
- Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in America
Church Fathers
- Apostolic Fathers
- Church Fathers
- Ante-Nicene Fathers
- Desert Fathers
- Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers
- List of Church Fathers
Notes
- ^ The Theotokos is the Patron of Mount Athos, which is known as: The Garden of the Mother of God, and The Holy Mountain of Our Lady. The arrival of the Theotokos at the Mountain is mentioned by codices L' 66 and I' 31 of the Library of Great Lavra Monastery.
- ^ "According to several accounts, from the Conquest of Constantinople to the last phase of the Greek War of Independence, the Ottoman Turks condemned to death 11 Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople, nearly 100 bishops, and several thousands of priests, deacons and monks (Bompolines, 1952;[4] Paparounis, no date;[5] Perantones, 1972;[6] Pouqueville, 1824;[7] Vaporis, 2000.[8])."[3]
- ^ The provisions of the 1844 Constitution, where the Bavarian regency bequeathed the Hellenic State with a kind of caesaropapism, were repeated in articles 1 and 2 of the 1864 Constitution; article 1 and 2 of the 1911 Constitution; article 1 of the 1927 Constitution; articles 1 and 2 of the 1952 Constitution; article 1 of the 1968 constitutional text of the military dictatorship; and article 3 of the 1975 Constitution; (as well as article 9 of the 1925 and 1926 Constitutions, which were never enforced). [9]
- ^ "Codified in the 1928 Patriarchal and Synodical Act, the "New Lands" were entrusted to the temporary stewardship of the Church of Greece, provided that the Church respected the terms of the Act. The Act subsequently has been incorporated into several pieces of Greek legislation (Laws 3615/1928, 5438/1932, 599/1977, and Article 3, paragraph 1 of the current Greek Constitution), thereby recognizing the ecclesiastical agreement between the two sides."
- ^ The World Bank gives a figure of 11.30 million (2011),[14] while according to the 2011 Greek Census, the total enumerated population was 10,787,690.[15]
- ^ According to a December 2011 nationwide survey conducted by Metron Analysis (one of the biggest independent market research and public opinion survey companies in Greece), 95% of those polled reported that they were Orthodox Christians, while 1.5% said that they belong to some other religion, and 2.8% of the population said that they were irreligious or atheist, which is among the lowest figures in Europe.[16]
- ^ The town of Argos had launched a search for the remains of its own Saint Peter, who was a 10th-century local bishop, 17 years ago, the current bishop told AFP. "We had looked everywhere for the relics, in Venice and the Vatican, before we finally found them in a monastery chapel in Rome", bishop Iakovos said. The chapel belongs to a Spanish order of monks, whose prior Renato Salvatore had no objection to returning the relics. The remains of Saint Peter of Argos had been removed to Rome in the 15th century during the occupation of the Peloponnese by the Franks.[24]
- ^ During the opening ceremony the Ambassadors of several Islamic states were present, along with a notable delegation of Imams related to the Muslim Brotherhood from across Europe and several Islamic NGO's from all over the world. The center has a 2.000 Sq. meters space and also serves as a prayer establishment, thus Athens has already a Mosque, albeit not officially know as such.[25]
- ^ Over the past century, Greece has seen two other major exoduses, one between 1903 and 1917 and the other between 1960 and 1972. The difference between the first two and the current one is that in the 20th century, it was mostly unskilled workers and farmers that left while now educated professionals and young graduates are leading the exodus.[27]
- ^ The Ecumenical Patriarchate has filed more than two dozen cases with the ECHR to recover some of the thousands of properties it has lost.
- ^ In May 2010 Turkey sent a letter to the patriarch authorizing the Divine Liturgy to be celebrated here once a year on 15 August, in a gradual loosening of restrictions on religious expression. The gesture appeared aimed at Turkey's own Greek Orthodox minority, thought today to number around 2,000 people. In a similar gesture to Turkey's Armenian minority, Ankara also authorized mass to be celebrated in September at the museum-church of Akdamar, in the eastern Van province. Turkey's government is seeking to improve the lot of ethnic and religious minorities in line with its bid to join the European Union. Activists say the change is too slow. A key Orthodox Christian demand is the reopening of the Theological School of Halki near Istanbul;[41]
- ^ "C. Submissions of the third-party interveners"
- "1. The Governments of Armenia, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Russian Federation, Greece, Lithuania, Malta and the Republic of San Marino"
- "47. In their joint observations submitted at the hearing, the Governments of Armenia, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Russian Federation, Greece, Lithuania, Malta and the Republic of San Marino indicated that in their view the Chamber's reasoning had been based on a misunderstanding of the concept of “neutrality”, which the Chamber had confused with “secularism”. They pointed out that there was a huge diversity of Church-State arrangements in Europe and that more than half the population of Europe lived in non-secular States. They added that State symbols inevitably had a place in state education and that many of these had a religious origin, the Cross – which was both a national and a religious symbol – being the most visible example. In their view, in non-secular European States the presence of religious symbols in the public space was widely tolerated by the secular population as part of national identity. States should not have to divest themselves of part of their cultural identity simply because that identity was of religious origin. The position adopted by the Chamber was not an expression of the pluralism manifest in the Convention system, but an expression of the values of a secular State. To extend it to the whole of Europe would represent the “Americanisation” of Europe in that a single and unique rule and a rigid separation of Church and State would be binding on everyone.
- In their submission, favouring secularism was a political position that, whilst respectable, was not neutral. Accordingly, in the educational sphere a State that supported the secular as opposed to the religious was not being neutral. Similarly, removing crucifixes from classrooms where they had always been would not be devoid of educational consequences. In reality, whether the State opted to allow or prohibit the presence of crucifixes in classrooms, the important factor was the degree to which the curriculum contextualised and taught children tolerance and pluralism.
- The intervening Governments acknowledged that there might be circumstances where the arrangements by the State were unacceptable. The burden of proof should remain on the individual, however, and the Court should intervene only in extreme cases."[45]
- "1. The Governments of Armenia, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Russian Federation, Greece, Lithuania, Malta and the Republic of San Marino"
- ^ "The newly aggressive atheism promoted by the likes of Professor Richard Dawkins (like Sir Julius (Huxley), an evolutionary biologist) and the National Secular Society makes the mistake of thinking that freedom of religion and freedom from religion require secularism. But they are not the same thing; secularism is optional, but freedom to practise any religion, or none, is a human right (something the European Court of Human Rights upheld, incidentally, in the case of Lautsi v. Italy last year). Whether or not one is religious, these tiresome attempts to marginalise Christianity ought to be resisted."[48]
- ^ Metropolitan Paisios of Leros and Kalymnos was immediately notified of this and came to the church to see for himself. He told the people that God sends these signs in order to draw His people closer to Him. Thousands of clergy and faithful have come to the church to see this miracle in the middle of Great Lent. It was originally seen by women who were in the church chanting the lamentations to the Virgin Mary. When the image appeared the oil candle above the icon began to move, though the others stood still.[49]
- ^ The declaration affirms the illegitimacy of the doctrine of collective Jewish guilt for the deicide of Jesus. It was the first time an Orthodox church has explicitly repudiated this doctrine, which was one of the most important factors in the development of religious anti-Semitism in Europe.
- ^ "Man, and the European citizen in particular, cannot be seen by the managers of the economic crisis as an accounting figure. It would be a scandal if European leaders did not take the cries of simple citizens into account and if these very citizens of Europe were threatened like expendable products. The result of all this is the increase of agony, of despair, of the shrinking of national sovereignty, of the splitting of the family, of the complete isolation of the most vulnerable social groups (the disabled, immigrants, senior citizens, etc.), the spread of fear and eventually the creation of a society with no moral rules. As a Church, we cannot accept this social model. We cannot accept the alteration of our European acquis by the adoption of the rules of impersonal financial markets and credit rating agencies. This situation is leading us to the utter shattering of social cohesion by excluding any form of convergence towards the European vision of our founding fathers."[57]
- ^ The subcommittee also heard the demands of Turkey's Assyrian Christian community, represented by Kuryakos Ergün, the head of the Syriac Mor Gabriel Monastery Foundation.
- ^ The church said the ostensible drop was recorded because this year's survey did not make it mandatory for respondents to state their religion.[60]
- ^ The relics were translated to Moscow on 11 June 2012, and were given to Archbishop Arseniy of Istra, who took them to the Zachatievsky monastery (Conception Convent), where they were put up for veneration.[61]
- ^ “We Greeks are experiencing a peculiar war. I feel we are under occupation, our sovereignty is on the wane and we are the victims of all-out usury,” Ieronymos said in an interview with Skai Television.[62]
- ^ The law prohibits offenses against "religious peace," including blasphemy and religious insult. Blasphemy cases can be brought before civil and criminal courts, and in some cases civil courts issue orders to prevent the presentation of art or media deemed blasphemous in advance of their public release. The law also allows any prosecutor to order the seizure of publications that offend Christianity or any other religion. In this case, an Athens prosecutor pressed charges, but no trial date was set. The theater cancelled performances of the play a few days after its October premiere due to violent protests by some Greek Orthodox priests and Golden Dawn supporters. Several Golden Dawn members of parliament blocked the entrance of the theater and clashed with police on opening night.[12]
- ^ "Orthodox Christianity goes to the heart of what it means to be Greek and the Bishop here, Seraphim, says his nation must preserve its identity. "Greece suffered five centuries of Islamic tyranny under Turkish rule and building a mosque would offend the martyrs who freed us," he says..."We are not a multicultural country,...we are one Greek nation and everything else is an invention of the 'new order' and of Zionism. They are trying to corrupt our character." "[65]
- ^ "We are always by your side, I think of Greek people every day," said Kirill I of Moscow, who is paying an official visit to Greece, the first such visit of a Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church in 21 years.[68] On Monday 3 June Patriarch Kirill had Greece's highest honor confirmed on him, receiving the medal of the Grand Cross of the Order of Honour from Greek President Karolos Papoulias.[69]
- ^ Template:Gr icon "Ἰδιαιτέρως πρέπει νά τονισθεῖ ὅτι πηγή καί μήτρα τοῦ Οἰκουμενισμοῦ τυγχάνει ἡ Μασωνία, πού προωθεῖ δι’ αὐτοῦ τήν παγκόσμια θρησκεία τοῦ Ἐωσφορισμοῦ, ὅπως καί τῆς Μασωνίας πηγή καί μήτρα εἶναι ὁ φρικώδης διεθνής Σιωνισμός. Ὑπάρχει ἕνα προκαθορισμένο σχέδιο ἑνώσεως, πού ὁδηγεῖ στήν διαμυστηριακή κοινωνία (intercommunion) πασῶν τῶν αἱρέσεων καί τῶν θρησκειῶν, στήν ἐπιβολή τῆς πανθρησκείας καί τό ὁποῖο ἀποτελεῖται ἀπό τρεῖς φάσεις. Ἡ πρώτη φάση τοῦ σχεδίου ἑνώσεως εἶναι ἡ ἕνωση ὅλων τῶν χριστιανικῶν ὁμολογιῶν, δηλ. ὁ διαχριστιανικός οἰκουμενισμός. Ἡ δεύτερη φάση εἶναι ἡ ἕνωση ὅλων τῶν θρησκειῶν, δηλ. ὁ διαθρησκειακός οἰκουμενισμός καί ἡ τρίτη φάση εἶναι ἡ ἕνωση ὅλων τῶν ὁμολογιῶν καί τῶν θρησκειῶν, δηλ. ἡ ἐπιβολή τῆς πανθρησκείας, μέ ἀρχηγό τόν αἱρεσιάρχη Πάπα τῆς Ρώμης, ὁ ὁποῖος θά παραδώσει τήν παγκόσμια ἐξουσία στόν Ἀντίχριστο."[72]
- ^ Greece's Orthodox church objected to scrapping the Sunday holiday, saying this day should be strictly reserved for rest and religious duties. "Sunday is dedicated to God. Sunday should be a holiday to give Christians the chance to worship their God and rest after a week-long labour," the Holy Synod, the Greek church's governing body has said.[77] Under the new law, shops of up to 250 square meters could open seven Sundays a year - during Christmas, Easter and sales periods. Under certain location criteria local administration heads can extend the number to a total of 53 Sundays especially for tourist areas.[75]
- ^ Meletios of Ypseni (in Rhodes), also known as Meletios of Lardos.
- ^ It is the first time the relics left Greece in more than 500 years.[84]
- ^ Template:Gr icon "Τα Δώρα των Μάγων είναι ένα από τα λίγα κειμήλια, που συνδέονται με την επίγεια παρουσία του Χριστού και σχεδόν το μόνο που αφορά τη Γέννησή Του. Τα δώρα μετέφερε στη Ρωσία ο Καθηγούμενος της Ιεράς Μονής Αγίου Παύλου του Αγίου Όρους, Αρχιμ. Παρθένιος με μοναχούς της Μονής. Ο Ηγούμενος Παρθένιος παρέδωσε στον Πατριάρχη το ειδικό κιβώριο, το οποίο στη συνέχεια ο Πατριάρχης Κύριλλος τοποθέτησε στο κέντρο του Καθεδρικού Ναού."[83]
- ^ Nikolaos Sotiropoulos was born on April 15, 1934 in Palaiopirgos, in the Nafpaktia region of Greece. He received his degrees from the University of Athens as a Professor of Theology and Professor of Literature, with honors. He became the student and spiritual son of Metropolitan Augoustinos Kantiotes (1907-2010), the Bishop of the Holy Metropolis of Florina, Prespai, and Eordaia in northern Greece, and a defender of traditional Orthodoxy both in Greece and abroad. Sotiropoulos published many volumes, including Interpretation of the New Testament (ΕΡΜΗΝΕΙΑ ΚΑΙΝΗΣ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗΣ), and Interpretation of the Acts of the Apostles (ΕΡΜΗΝΕΙΑ ΤΩΝ ΠΡΑΞΕΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΩΝ), as well as many others. He was a founder and director of the Orthodox missionary brotherhood "The Cross" ("O Stavros") for many years (which assumed the form of a brotherhood in 1966). He also went on speaking tours to address Hellenic communities throughout Europe, America, Canada and Australia. He was excommunicated for the rest of his life by the Holy Synod of Constantinople in July 1993, for openly criticizing Archbishop Stylianos (Harkianakis) of Australia in 1988, and for his "divisive" behaviour.[92][93] He died on August 28, 2014 in Patras. He was unmarried and did not have any direct descendants. His funeral was held on August 29, 2014, at the Monastery of the Entrance of the Virgin Mary, in the village of Myrtia in Aetolia-Acarnania, in the presence of the Bishops of Aetolia and Acarnania (Kosmas Papachristou), Piraeus (Seraphim Mentzenopoulos), Gortynos (Ieremias Foundas), and others.
- ^ "The incineration of the body is not in keeping with the traditions and actions of the Church, for anthropological and theological reasons," the Church said in a statement. Cremation was only made legal in Greece in 2006 and there is still nowhere it can be carried out in the country.
- ^ While he attended an extraordinary session of the Synod of the Church of Greece, His Beatitude and the accompanying delegation examined with their brothers how to make shared cooperation between the two sister churches effective at the pastoral, theological and social levels. The two sides also agreed on the necessity of proper preparation for the Great and Holy Council that is to be held in the city of Istanbul (Constantinople) in 2016. And concern for the Christians of the Middle East, especially the children of the See of Antioch in Syria, Lebanon and Iraq was raised with His Excellency the President of Greece, the Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister.
- ^ "Divided Church" Ecclesiology, or the so-called "Branch Theory" was condemned at the Jubilee Council of 2000 of the Church of Russia. This echoed the anathema of ecumenism of the Council of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia in 1983.[102]
- ^ Andrew of Dryinoupolis, Seraphim of Piraeus, Paul of Glyfada, Seraphim of Kythira, Kosmas of Aetolia and Akarnanias, and Jeremiah of Gortynos.
- ^ "An 'Ecumenical Doxology' was held at the Ecumenical Patriarch’s church in Istanbul that evening, at which, Pope Francis was accorded honours as a bishop in being received with Bartholomew at the doors of the church. During 'Ecumenical Doxology', Pope Francis was commemorated officially as "Pope", with Bartholomew commemorated immediately after. It is standard practice for the Ecumenical Patriarchate to commemorate the heretical Vatican leader upon his visit, for example, during the 2009 visit of Benedict to the Phanar, the same happened. Orthodox theology prohibits such commemorations, but, Patriarch Bartholomew has been well-known to be liberal and modernistic on many such issues."[105]
- ^ "I ask a favour: bless me and the Church of Rome," Francis said, before turning to Patriarch Bartholomew and bowing.
- ^ The sacred relics of Saint Barbara were originally kept in Constantinople, and were transferred to Venice in 1003 during the reign of Doge Pietro II Orseolo, when Basil II was Emperor. They were brought to Venice from Constantinople by Maria Argyra (or Maria Argyropoula), who was regarded as one of the sisters of Emperor Romanos III Argyros (based on her last name), after she married the son of the Doge, Giovanni.[115] Originally at Saint Mark’s in Venice, the relics were transferred to a church in Torcello, before being brought to Saint Martin on the island of Murano.
- ^ On June 9th, 2015 the European Union urged its 28 nations to swiftly endorse its two-year plan to relocate 40,000 Syrian and Eritrean migrants, as 1,000 more migrants arrived in Greece in just one day. Greek authorities said that more than 1,000 people had entered the country by sea, bringing its five-month total to about 50,000 — well above the number who arrived in Greece for all of 2014.[117] Of the 40,000 migrants, the Commission proposed that 24,000 people be redistributed from Italy and 16,000 from Greece.[118] The Commission announced its redistribution plan - European Agenda on Migration - on May 13, 2015, as a part of a wider response to the Mediterranean crisis, providing for the acceptance of up to 20,000 refugees a year and an automatic redistribution program for migrants overcrowding southern European states.[119]
- ^ As for the bill that foresees extending the cohabitation pact to include same-sex couples, Ieronymos also asked whether the state was planning to pave the way for provisions for "the homosexual family."[122]
- ^ Abp. Atallah Hanna subsequently responded to this document, categorically stating that he never requested or received Saudi funding and that this document may be due to financial fraud on the part of someone at the embassy. Yet he is known as an adamant Arabist who stresses an Arabocentric Palestinian identity and promotes the Arabization of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem over its historic Rûm identity.
- ^ "Thus, Unia should not be regarded as a jurisdictional difference and a mere anti-canonical intervention in the Orthodox East by the Vatican. It is the instrument of a secular - political authority, which is focused on expansionism and increasing its influence. As for today's coincidence, which has united ALL the Orthodox in the confronting of the Papist advance with Unia as its vehicle, it is a true, God-sent opportunity to re-examine the problem of the essence (of the ecclesiasticity, that is) of the «Latin Church»-Vatican, so that the theological Dialogue (if the Vatican continues to desire it) might be evaluated anew."[127]
- ^ "The recent incident regarding religious education classes is the tip of the iceberg, I’m afraid. It seems that our European friends — taking advantage of our dire economic situation and in light of changing the economic relations between us — will seek by all means to alter Greek society starting with our schools," Ieronymos said, addressing the Annual Conference of the Holy Synod. "The tragic thing is that our enemies are no longer far away. They are inside our walls. We can see it," he said. The Archbishop referred to the reforms required by Greece’s creditors as part of the bailout agreement. He said that the Greek government has committed to a series of reforms and measures that are imposed by international creditors in order to "devalue Greek history and our traditions, tear down the institution of family, enforce perverted ideas, further degrade our language and show obvious contempt for centuries of our great civilization, our homeland, our faith."[131]
- ^ The new agreed Common Statement was presented by the chairmen of the International Commission for Anglican-Orthodox Theological Dialogue, Metr. Kallistos of Diocleia and the Abp. of Perth, Western Australia Roger Herft.[133] ICAOTD members said that the agreement will form the basis for future discussions and ongoing study in areas such as bioethics and the sanctity of life, as well as human rights and ecological justice.[134]
- ^ Various hierarchs made statements in reference to the recent Anti-Racism Law and the recognition of same-sex unions in Greece:[138]
- Metropolitan Ignatios of Larisa and Tyrnavos: "Sin is being officially legalized in our country… Homosexuality is an abominable sin which leads people to inevitable spiritual death… The politicians are following the stench coming from the "civilized" countries which before us recognized that black is white, that bitter is sweet, and that unlawful is lawful… Thus, "Let us attend". "Let us lift up our hearts". This is Orthodox Greece. This is our treasure. They envy us and intend to take this treasure from us. Let us not fall into this trap! Let us not be traitors!"
- Metropolitan Pavlos of Sisanion and Siatista: "Perhaps it is time to close our doors before those 'politicians', who visit us allegedly for respect, but in reality for populist purposes? Does someone sincerely believe that the Church can betray its eternal values and adapt itself to the momentary needs of each historical epoch? The undeniable right of the Church is to bear witness to the truth. And homosexuality is inconsistent with Church life. Gentlemen of the government! Perhaps tomorrow you are going to demand that the Church accepts bestiality and pedophilia? Some expect that as soon as 'the Free Cohabitation Law' is adopted, you will be forced to legalize pedophilia. Europe will put pressure upon you. And you are ready to do anything. Do you really think that we will ever agree with this?"
- Metropolitan Seraphim of Piraeus: "Adoption of the new law is officially opening the page of state persecutions against our faith. The politicians shamelessly refer to the European consensus concerning legalization of sodomy, but they conceal the fact that post-Christian Europe has become Sodom and Gomorrah. The persecutions are approaching. We will be threatened, we will be reviled, we will probably be imprisoned and murdered. But we must remain faithful even unto death. We ought to obey God rather than men (Acts 5:29), remembering that In the world ye shall have tribulation (Jn 16:33), because the world hateth you, for the Lord has chosen you out of the world (Jn 15:18-19). And we should not forget the words: And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul (Mt 10:28). On behalf of the Holy Metropolis of Piraeus we officially announce to all the politicians who will vote for legalization of the moral insanity, that all contact with them will be stopped."
- ^ In 1968 and 1970, St John’s book SPIRITUAL NOURISHMENT was published in two volumes, with the blessing of Patriarch Benedict of Jerusalem. St John Jacob was glorified by the Romanian Orthodox Church in 1992. The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem placed his feast day on July 28, the date of the translation of his holy relics.
- See also: Template:Ro icon Sfântul Ioan Iacob Românul de la Hozeva. Wikipedia (Romanian Wikipedia).
- ^ In addressing representatives of the Holy Kinot, Athos’ high governing council, Putin noted that Russia’s ties with Holy Mount Athos and Greece in general will continue to strengthen:
- "I am confident that relations between Russia and the Holy Mount Athos, and Greece as a whole, will only strengthen, while the spiritual relationship and trust will continue to determine the nature of our traditionally close and friendly relations," Putin said.[144]
- ^ "The Greek Penal Code currently states that "One who publicly and maliciously and by any means blasphemes God shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than two years". It also punishes anyone who "displays publicly with blasphemy a lack of respect for things divine". This 'crime' can be punished by a prison term up to 3 months in length... ...The signatories to the letter told the Greek Ministry of Justice:..."We now urge you to see to it that the government promptly tables before Parliament the abolition of the two blasphemy articles 198 and 199 from Greece's Criminal Code and that prosecutors or courts drop all related charges pending before them," the letter said."[148]
- ^ The Interparliamentary Assembly on Orthodoxy (I.A.O.) is an interparliamentary body, set up upon the initiative of the Hellenic Parliament.[151] It is the only international organization that brings together the legislative bodies of Orthodox countries. The assembly’s July 2016 meeting took place one week after the closing of the Council of Crete. On the agenda were issues related to the Crete council’s activities and related illegitimate attempts to establish control over all local churches. Attention was also paid to the fight against the modern hedonistic ideology of the West, and on assistance to Christians in the Middle East suffering from persecution.[150]
- ^ At their head was Elder Gabriel of the Kelli of St. Christodoulos (Holy Monastery of Koutloumousiou) , a disciple of Saint Paisios. The Athonite Fathers briefly listed 12 points of divergence of the Cretan Council from Orthodox Tradition and Faith. They also stated that 100 years of extreme oikonomia and tolerance of the ecumenist, latinizing, unionist Patriarchs and bishops has brought about a terrible erosion of faith and fed heretical deviations.[152]
- ^ The delegation consisted of:
- Archpriest and Professor Emeritus of Patrology of the Theological School of the University of Thessaloniki, Fr. Theodore Zisis;
- Professor of Dogmatic Theology in the Department of Theology of the Theological School of the University of Thessaloniki, Demetrios Tselengidis;
- Protopresbyter and Rector of the Parish of St. Nicholas of the Diocese of Patra, Fr. Anastasios Gotsopoulos;
- Protopresbyter and Rector of the Parish of the Prophet Elias, Petrokerasa, in the Diocese of Ierissou and Agion Oros, Fr. Peter Heers;
- Protopresbyter and Rector of the Parish of All-Holy Directress, Bokos Hill, in the Diocese of Peiraeus, Fr. Matthew Vulcanescu.[153]
- ^ See: Template:Ru icon Иеремия (Алёхин). Википедии. (Russian Wikipedia).
- ^ Archbishop Ieronymos said that there are "some who do not love their country and want to de-Hellenize it, and some who don’t love the Church and want to de-Christianize it."[158]
- ^ "'The parties of the Left with their known communist worldview — as experienced before the collapse of socialism in the eastern bloc, when in essence religious faith was persecuted — are driven by failed atheistic ideologies and meet with the neoliberal parties under the directives of the new era and the new order. The talk of Church-State separation is supposedly a progressive slogan. These perceptions, however, belong to the previous century, born under a bigoted, anti-religious and anti-church populist spirit that is incompatible with today’s beliefs about the state and religion,' the Archbishop said."[162]
References
- ^ a b c d World Council of Churches: Church of Greece. Retrieved: 28 November 2013.
- ^ Christodoulos (Paraskevaides) of Athens. Address to the Conference organised by the Synodal Committee on European Issues, entitled “Islam: the extent of the problematics”. Holy Monastery of Penteli, Attica, 12/5/2007.
- ^ a b Demetrios Constantelos. Altruistic Suicide or Altruistic Martyrdom? Christian Greek Orthodox Neomartyrs: A Case Study. Archives of Suicide Research, Volume 8, No 1, 2004. (Myriobiblos Library).
- ^ Template:Gr icon Bompolines, Κ. Α. (1952). The church in the struggle for freedom. Athens: no publisher given.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Paparounis, Ρ.Ν. (no date). Under Turkish rule. Athens: Ekdoseis Gregoris, pp. 329–348.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Perantones, Ι.Ρ. (1972). Lexicon of the neοmartyrs. Athens: no publisher is given.
- ^ Template:Fr icon Pouqueville. (1824). Histoire de la regeneration de la Grèce. Paris: F. Didot père et fils.
- ^ Vaporis, Ν.M. (2000). Orthodox Christian neomartyrs of the ottoman period 1437–1860. Witnesses for Christ. Crestwood, ΝΥ: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.
- ^ a b Charalambos K. Papastathis and Nikos Maghioros. "Greece: A Faithful Orthodox Christian State. THE ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC." In: Javier Martínez-Torrón and W. Cole Durham, Jr.. Religion and the Secular State: National Reports (Issued for the occasion of the XVIIIth International Congress of Comparative Law, Washington, D.C., July 2010). Published by: Complutense Universidad de Madrid, in cooperation with The International Center for Law and Religion Studies, Brigham Young University. July 2014. pp. 339-340.
- ^ The Globe and Mail (Canada's National Newspaper). "Orthodox Church at Crossroads." 10 November 1995. p. A14.
- ^ Victor Roudometof. Greek Orthodoxy, Territoriality, and Globality: Religious Responses and Institutional Disputes. Report. Sociology of Religion. Vol. 69 No. 1. 22 March 2008. Pg. 67(25). ISSN 1069-4404.
- ^ a b c U.S. Department of State. International Religious Freedom Report for 2012: Greece. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. 2012.
- ^ "Greece." D&B Country Riskline Reports (News). May 2013.
- ^ "Greece." The World Bank. Retrieved: 21 May 2013.
- ^ Hellenic Statistical Authority. Greece in Figures: 2012. Retrieved: 21 May 2013.
- ^ a b c Template:Gr icon "Η θρησκευτική πίστη.‘Ανήκετε σε κάποια θρησκεία, και αν ναι, σε ποια;" Πανελλαδική Έρευνα Metron Forum. 29 Δεκεμβρίου 2011. σελ. 50.
- ^ "Religious Freedom in Greece (September 2002)" (RTF). Greek Helsinki Monitor Minority Rights Group - Greece. Retrieved 15 September 2007.
- ^ "Europe: Greece." CIA – The World Factbook. Page last updated on 7 May 2013. Retrieved: 21 May 2013.
- ^ Anthee Carassava. New Leader Named for Greek Orthodox Church. The New York Times. 8 February 2008. Retrieved: 17 May 2013.
- ^ Herman A. Middleton. Precious Vessels of the Holy Spirit: The Lives & Counsels of Contemporary Elders of Greece. 2nd Ed. Protecting Veil Press, 2004. pp.178–191.
- ^ MESSAGE OF THE PRIMATES OF THE ORTHODOX CHURCHES(12/10/2008). Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. 12/10/2008. Retrieved: 17 May 2013.
- ^ Greek Orthodox leaders attack civil unions proposal. Catholic News Agency (CNA). 19 March 2008.
- ^ Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew Addresses European Parliament. Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. 24 September 2008.
- ^ a b Bones of Greek town's patron saint found in Rome: bishop. Agence France Presse – English. 15 January 2008 Tuesday 1:23 PM GMT.
- ^ a b Ioannis Michaletos. Islamist organizations in Greece. RIMSE: Radical Islam Monitor in Southeast Europe. 22 May 2013.
- ^ Template:Gr icon ΦΥΓΗ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΝΟΥ ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΥ: Η ΣΥΓΧΡΟΝΗ ΤΑΣΗ ΜΕΤΑΝΑΣΤΕΥΣΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΩΝ ΣΤΑ ΧΡΟΝΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΚΡΙΣΗΣ. In: ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑ∆ΟΣ. ΕΚΘΕΣΗ ΤΟΥ ∆ΙΟΙΚΗΤΗ ΓΙΑ ΤΟ ΕΤΟΣ 2015. 25 ΦΕΒΡΟΥΑΡΙΟΣ 2016. pp. 74-79. ISSN 1105-0497 (PDF)
- ^ a b Nearly half a million Greeks have left, Bank of Greece report finds. Ekathimerini.com. 02.07.2016.
- ^ Gremigration: 1.7 Mil. Left Greece in 20th/21st Centuries, Nearly 500K Since Crisis Onset. The National Herald. July 5, 2016.
- ^ The Holy Monastery of Pantocrator of Melissochori (www.impantokratoros.gr). A CONFESSION OF FAITH Against Ecumenism. Greece, April 2009.
- ^ Communique of Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue Between the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church of the 11th Plenary Session. The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Paphos, Cyprus, 22 October 2009. Retrieved: 24 July 2013.
- ^ THE WHITE HOUSE (Office of the Press Secretary). REMARKS BY PRESIDENT OBAMA TO THE TURKISH PARLIAMENT. Turkish Grand National Assembly Complex, Ankara, Turkey. 6 April 2009. Retrieved: 9 February 2013.
- ^ Russian patriarch backs Halki Seminary re-opening. SETimes.com. 7 July 2009.
- ^ The Funeral of Blessed Elder Joseph of Vatopedi: Smile from Eternity. Impankratoros.gr (Holy Monastery of Pantokratoros, Melisohori). 7/1/09. Retrieved: 9 February 2013.
- ^ "Bozcaada Kimisis Teodoku Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi Vakfi v. Turkey (no. 2)". Netherlands Institute of Human Rights, Utrecht School of Law (European Court of Human Rights). 3 March 2009. Retrieved: 9 February 2013.
- ^ Apostolic Visit to Greece – 2009. Malankara Jacobite Syrian Christian Network. Retrieved: 9 February 2013.
- ^ Malcolm Brabant. Greek Church acts on crucifix ban. BBC News, Athens. 23:17 GMT, Thursday, 12 November 2009.
- ^ Template:Ru icon Янукович совершил паломничество на Афон. Interfax-Religion. 08 июня 2010 года, 16:13. Retrieved: 9 February 2013.
- ^ Derek Gatopoulos. Fourteen hurt as migrants riot in Greece. Sydney Morning Herald. 23 May 2009.
- ^ Orthodox News. Dervishes Dance on the Face of Christ: More Evidence of Turkish Intolerance. Yahoo! News. Fri 4 Sep, 2009 10:00 am.
- ^ Government Gazette (Gazette 21, 16 February 2010, vol) Law 3822/2010.
- ^ Associated Press. Turkey: patriarch holds historic Mass. 15 August 2010.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Zougla.gr News. Εκοιμήθη ο Αυγουστίνος Καντιώτης. Σάββατο, 28 Αυγούστου 2010, 11:49.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Αφιερωματική έκθεση στο Ράλλη Κοψίδη. ECCLESIA.GR. 27/6/2015. Retrieved: 14 July 2014.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Κοψίδης Ράλλης: 1929 Κάστρο Λήμνου - 2010 Γλυφάδα. ΕΘΝΙΚΗ ΠΙΝΑΚΟΘΗΚΗ – ΜΟΥΣΕΙΟ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ ΣΟΥΤΖΟΥ – ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΕΥΡΙΠΙΔΗ ΚΟΥΤΛΙΔΗ (National Gallery). Retrieved: 14 July 2015.
- ^ a b European Court of Human Rights. JUDGMENT: CASE OF LAUTSI AND OTHERS v. ITALY; (Application no. 30814/06). STRASBOURG, 18 March 2011.
- ^ Crucifixes in Italian State-school classrooms: the Court finds no violation. European Court of Human Rights: Press Releases. No. 234, 18.03.2011.
- ^ Roper, Marie Elizabeth. "Secular crosses and the neutrality of secularism: reflections on the demands of neutrality and its consequences for religious symbols - the European Court of Human Rights in Lautsi and the U.S. Supreme Court in Salazar." Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law. Vol. 45 No. 3, Pg. 841(38). ISSN 0090-2594. May 1, 2012.
- ^ Andrew McKie. "Resist these attempts to marginalise Christianity." The Herald (Glasgow). February 13, 2012. Section: HS, p. 13.
- ^ MYSTAGOGY: The Weblog Of John Sanidopoulos. The Face of Christ Appears In A Church In Kalymnos. Monday, 4 April 2011.
- ^ The Canonization of 1241 New Martyrs of Naoussa. Ipernity. 5 July 2011 at 05:38PM.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Τελετή αγιοκατάταξης των 1241 νεομαρτύρων της Νάουσας. Romfea.gr. Δευτέρα, 27 Ιούνιος 2011.
- ^ Metropolitan Hilarion of Volokolamsk begins his visit to the Greek Orthodox Church. Department for External Church Relations of the Russian Orthodox Church (DECR). 11.12.2011.
- ^ Launch of the Great Orthodox Christian Encyclopedia. The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. 06/24/11. Retrieved: 9 February 2013.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Η Μεγαλη oρθoδoξη Χριςτιανικη εγκyκλoπαιδεια. Στρατηγικες Εκδοσεις. Retrieved: 9 February 2013.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Υπό έκδοση η νέα Μεγάλη Ορθόδοξη Χριστιανική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια. AMEN.GR. 26 Ιανουαρίου 2010, 14:04. Retrieved: 9 February 2013.
- ^ Mutual respect and advancing relations between Cyprus and Israel. Jewish-Christian Relations. 01.01.2012.
- ^ a b Letter to HE The President of the European Commission Mr José Manuel Durão Barroso Esq. ECCLESIA.GR. Prot. no 5933/2634, Athens, October 13, 2011. Retrieved: 14 July 2015.
- ^ Orthodox Christian leader favors constitution promoting religious freedom in Turkey. The Washington Post (AP). 20 February 2012.
- ^ AP: Orthodox Christian leader favors constitution promoting religious freedom in Turkey. The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 20 February 2012.
- ^ a b Ekathimerini.com. Greek Orthodox Church rejects Albanian census. Tuesday 18 December 2012 (20:11).
- ^ a b ST. LAZARUS' RELICS BROUGHT TO MOSCOW FROM CYPRUS. Pravoslavie.ru. Moscow, 13 June 2012.
- ^ a b Archbishop slams EU stance toward Greece. Ekathimerini.com. Saturday October 27, 2012 (18:09). Retrieved: 07 September, 2014.
- ^ Stella Tsolakidou. Greece Prosecutes Corpus Christi for Blasphemy. Greece – Greek Reporter. 16 November 2012.
- ^ a b Nikos Konstandaras. Greece's Dismal Demographics. NY Times (Op-Ed). DEC. 9, 2013.
- ^ a b Mark Lowen. Athens - the EU capital city without a mosque. BBC News. 28 December 2012. Retrieved: 6 August 2015.
- ^ "Plot To Kill Orthodox Patriarch Bartholomew Uncovered By Turkey." Huffington Post (Reuters). 05/10/2013 11:57 am EDT.
- ^ Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew Opens Seminar on Religious Freedom Celebrating the 1700th Anniversary of the Edict of Milan. Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. 17 May 2013.
- ^ a b Maria Korologou. Patriarch of Moscow Kirill Visits Athens. Greek Reporter. 2 June 2013.
- ^ Patriarch Kirill receives Greece's top honor. Interfax-Religion. 3 June 2013, 18:04.
- ^ Patriarch Kirill arrives on Mount Athos. Interfax-Religion. 5 June 2013, 14:52.
- ^ How Seraphim of Piraeus’ Anti-Ecumenical Campaign Hit a Wall, if it Went Anywhere. NFTU: True Orthodox and Ecumenical News. 11 April 2012.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Ιερά Μητρόπολις Πειραιώς. ΠΟΙΜΑΝΤΟΡΙΚΗ ΕΓΚΥΚΛΙΟΣ ΣΕΒΑΣΜΙΩΤΑΤΟΥ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΙΤΟΥ ΠΕΙΡΑΙΩΣ ΣΕΡΑΦΕΙΜ ΕΠΙ ΤΗι ΚΥΡΙΑΚΗι ΤΗΣ ΟΡΘΟΔΟΞΙΑΣ 2013. Retrieved: 2 September 2013.
- ^ Jonathan Luxmoore. Orthodox Patriarch Hits At ‘Unacceptable’ Attacks On Ecumenism. Ecumenical News International (ENI) - Eurasia Review. 5 April 2012.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Επιστολή Μητροπολίτου Πειραιώς κ. Σεραφείμ προς τον Οικουμενικό Πατριάρχη κ. Βαρθολομαίο. IΕΡΑ ΜΟΝΗ ΠΑΝΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΟΣ ΜΕΛΙΣΣΟΧΩΡΙΟΥ (Impantokratoros.gr). 27ῃ Ἰουνίου 2013. Retrieved: 2 September 2013.
- ^ a b Mao Yaqing. Greek Parliament Passes Bill on Sunday Shopping. CRIEnglish.com (Xinhua). 24 July 2013 23:51:44.
- ^ Greece passes law to do away with Sunday holdiays. Press TV (Israel). 24 Jul, 201308:27 PM GMT.
- ^ a b Angeliki Koutantou. Greece softens Sunday shopping rules to boost economy. Reuters. 24 Jul, 2013 1:07pm EDT.
- ^ Church to curb debt. Neoskosmos.com. 18 October 2013.
- ^ House Committee on Foreign Affairs (Chairman Ed Royce). Subcommittee Markup: H. Res. 188, Calling upon the Government of Turkey to facilitate the reopening of the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Theological School of Halki without condition or further delay. Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia, and Emerging Threats (2200 Rayburn House Office Building Washington, DC 20515). Nov 19, 2013 2:00pm. Retrieved: 24 November 2013.
- ^ Closure of Halki Seminary has caused the USA “some concern”. To Vima. November 21, 2013.
- ^ Announcement by the Holy and Sacred Synod. The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Wednesday, November 27, 2013. Retrieved: 27 November 2013.
- ^ Canonization of Two New Saints by the Ecumenical Patriarchate. Ecumenical Patriarchate - Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and South East Asia (OMHKSEA). November 27, 2013.
- ^ a b Template:Gr icon Μεγαλοπρεπής εορτασμός των Χριστουγέννων στη Μόσχα (ΦΩΤΟ+ΒΙΝΤΕΟ) . Romfea.gr. Τρίτη, 07 Ιανουαρίου 2014.
- ^ a b From Bethlehem to Russia: Millions get together to celebrate Orthodox Christmas. RT.com. 19:35 GMT, Jan 7, 2014.
- ^ Synaxis of the Primates of the Orthodox Churches. The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople - News and Information. Retrieved: 11 July 2014.
- ^ Archbishop of Athens: “Detention of Thousands of People in Israeli Prisons is a Disgrace”. Palestine News & Information Agency - WAFA. April 5, 2014. Retrieved: 07 September, 2014.
- ^ Andrew of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa, and, Seraphim of Piraeus and Faliro. A Letter to Pope Francis Concerning His Past, the Abysmal State of Papism, and a Plea to Return to Holy Orthodoxy. HOLY AUTOCEPHALOUS ORTHODOX CATHOLIC CHURCH OF GREECE (THE HOLY METROPOLIS OF DRYINOUPOLIS, POGONIANI AND KONITSA, and, THE HOLY METROPOLIS OF PIRAEUS AND FALIRO). April 10, 2014. 87 pp.
- ^ Template:El icon ὁ Δρυϊνουπόλεως, Πωγωνιανῆς καί Κονίτσης ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ, καί ὁ Πειραιῶς ΣΕΡΑΦΕΙΜ. Επιστολή προς τον Πάπα. ΑΥΤΟΚΕΦΑΛΟΣ ΟΡΘΟΔΟΞΟΣ ΚΑΘΟΛΙΚΗ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ - (ΙΕΡΑ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΙΣ ΔΡΥΪΝΟΥΠΟΛΕΩΣ ΠΩΓΩΝΙΑΝΗΣ & ΚΟΝΙΤΣΗΣ καί ΙΕΡΑ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΙΣ ΠΕΙΡΑΙΩΣ). Tῇ 10ῃ Ἀπριλίου 2014. 121 pp.
- ^ Template:Gr icon ΕΚΟΙΜΗΘΗ Ο ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ ΑΓΩΝΙΣΤΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΟΡΘΟΔΟΞΙΑΣ, Ο ΘΕΟΛΟΓΟΣ ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ... ΠΟΥ ΤΟΝ ΑΦΟΡΙΣΕ Ο ΒΑΡΘΟΛΟΜΑΙΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΕΘΑΝΕ ΜΕ ΑΥΤΟ ΤΟΝ ΚΑΗΜΟ!!! STOXOS.GR. 29/8/14. Retrieved: 02 September, 2014.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Εκοιμήθη ο θεολόγος Νικόλαος Σωτηρόπουλος. Romfea.gr. Πέμπτη, 28 Αυγούστου 2014. Retrieved: 01 September, 2014.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Πέθανε ο Ναυπάκτιος θεολόγος Νικόλαος Σωτηρόπουλος. iNews.gr. 28/08/2014 19:05. Retrieved: 01 September, 2014.
- ^ Template:Fr icon "POURQUOI ILS M'ONT EXCOMMUNIE." In: La LumiÈre Du Thabor 39-40. L’orthodoxie Et Le Patrimoine Spirituel de L’europe. FRATERNITE ORTHODOXE ST GREGOIRE PALAMAS - L'AGE D'HOMME, No. 39-40, 1994. pp. 164-166.
- See: Orthodoxos Typos no 1057 du 7 janvier 1994.
- ^ Archbishop Stylianos (Harkianakis). THE MISFORTUNE OF THE OFFICIAL THEOLOGICAL DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE ORTHODOX AND ROMAN CATHOLICS. PHRONEMA, VOL. 18, 2003. p. 19.
- ^ Photos: Holy Transfiguration Greek Orthodox Church Dedication. Alaska Dispatch News (ADN). October 8, 2014.
- ^ Holy Transfiguration Greek Orthodox Church Celebrates Grand Opening New Church Building. Alaska Business Monthly. September 30, 2014.
- ^ The Greek community in Anchorage, Alaska. Greek Reporter - World. Jan 17, 2010.
- ^ Greek Orthodox Church bans religious rites for those who choose cremation. Malay Mail Online. November 1, 2014 09:22 AM.
- ^ Joint Statement by the Churches of Antioch and Greece on Patriarch John X's Visit. Yahoo! Groups - Orthodox News. November 1, 2014.
- ^ Greece tightens anti-racism rules amid series of attacks. Reuters. Tue Sep 9, 2014 2:00pm EDT. Retrieved: 10 November 2015.
- ^ METROPOLITAN AMVROSIOS: "YOUR CHILDREN WILL BE SLAVES OF MUSLIMS". Pravoslavie.ru. September 23, 2014. Retrieved: 10 November 2015.
- ^ Bishop Amvrosios Against Jihadists. Greek Reporter: Greece. Sep 29, 2014. Retrieved: 10 November 2015
- ^ Epistle of His Eminence Archbishop Kyrill to the Flock of the Diocese of San Francisco and Western America on the Eve of the Regular Session of the Synod of Bishops. ROCOR: DIOCESE OF SAN FRANCISCO AND WESTERN AMERICA, October 20, 2006.
- ^ Synaxis of Greek Orthodox Clergy and Monastics. The New Ecclesiology of Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew (English translation). Thursday, November 19, 2014. Retrieved: 01 December, 2014.
- ^ Archpriest Andrew Phillips. Greek Faithful Launch anti-Patriarch Bartholomew Petition. Orthodox England - Events. November 29, 2014.
- ^ a b Pope Francis Visit to Phanar: Joint Services with Ecumenical Patriarch and Francis Commemorated in Services. NFTU (Notes From the Underground) - True Orthodox and Ecumenical News. December 01, 2014.
- ^ Liz Dodd. Pope asks Ecumenical Patriarch to ‘bless me and the Church of Rome’ during joint prayer service in Orthodox cathedral. The Tablet. 29 November 2014 19:03.
- ^ European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication. EUROPEANS IN 2014: REPORT. Special Eurobarometer 415 / Wave EB81.2 – TNS Opinion & Social. p. 123.
- ^ Announcement (13/01/2015). Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople - News Releases. 1/13/15. Retrieved: 20 January 2015.
- ^ Ecumenical Patriarchate Officially Entered Elder Paisios among the List of Saints. Ecumenical Patriarchate - Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and South East Asia (OMHKSEA). January 13, 2015. Retrieved: 20 January 2015.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Και επίσημα άγιος ο Γέροντας Παΐσιος. ΣΚΑΪ.gr. 13/01/2015 - 16:31. Retrieved: 20 January 2015.
- ^ MINISTER OF EDUCATION OF GREECE: “WE ARE LAUNCHING THE PROCESS OF SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE”. Pravoslavie.Ru. February 11, 2015. Retrieved: 17 February 2015.
- ^ Church and state in Greece: Relics of glory. The Economist - Erasmus: Religion and public policy. May 12th 2015, 17:03 BY B.C. Retrieved: 3 June 2015.
- ^ Philip Chrysopoulos. Greek Archbishop Worships Holy Relics, Criticizes SYRIZA Parliamentary Representative. Greek Reporter - Greece. May 14, 2015. Retrieved: 3 June 2015.
- ^ Template:Gr icon : Ανδρέας Λουδάρος. 1000 χρόνια μετά η Αγία Βαρβάρα επιστρέφει σε ορθόδοξα χέρια. ΟΡΘΟΔΟΞΙΑ.INFO. 28 Απρ, 2015. Retrieved: 3 June 2015.
- ^ After 1,000 Years Saint Barbara Returns to Orthodox Hands. MYSTAGOGY. April 28, 2015. Retrieved: 3 June 2015.
- ^ Katerina Papathanasiou. Archbishop Ieronymos: 'Migrants Leave Their Homelands Due to Western World’s Actions'. Greek Reporter: Greece. Jun 10, 2015, Retrieved: 10 June 2015.
- ^ Lorne Cook. EU Urges Refugee Action as Over 1,000 Migrants Reach Greece. ABC News (AP). Jun 10, 2015, 10:04 AM ET. Retrieved: 10 June 2015.
- ^ Valentina Pop. EU to Propose Relocation of 40,000 Syrians, Eritreans From Italy and Greece. The Wall Street Journal. May 26, 2015 3:56 p.m. ET. Retrieved: 10 June 2015.
- ^ Valentina Pop. EU Weighs Plan to Take Up to 20,000 Migrants A Year. The Wall Street Journal. May 9, 2015 9:05 a.m. ET. Retrieved: 10 June 2015.
- ^ Philip Chrysopoulos. Greek Holy Synod: Yoga Incompatible with Christianity. Greek Reporter: Greece. Jun 16, 2015.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Ieronymos II of Athens. Επιστολή του Αρχιεπισκόπου στον Υπουργό Δικαιοσύνης κ. Ν. Παρασκευόπουλο για την προτεινόμενη επέκταση του "συμφώνου συμβιώσεως". ECCLESIA.GR. 12/6/2015. Retrieved: 19 June 2015.
- ^ a b Archbishop slams cohabitation pact as poor imitation of marriage. Ekathimerini.com. June 17, 2015 (20:22). Retrieved: 19 June 2015.
- ^ Hagia Sophia sees first Koran reading in 85 years. Ekathimerini.com. April 11, 2015 (14:32).
- ^ Template:Gr icon Αιμίλιος Πολυγένης. Το Πατριαρχείο Αντιοχείας διακόπτει την κοινωνία με τα Ιεροσόλυμα. Romfea.gr. Σάββατο, 27 Ιούνιος 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
- ^ Template:Ar icon Template:Gr icon Template:Fr icon Résolution no. 5-3/2015 (The formal resolution in Arabic, Greek and French). June 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
- ^ WikiLeaks. Showing Doc#43905 - 624620ae-9d1a-4b76-9009-ff8035f295e9.tif. WikiLeaks: The Saudi Cables: Cables and other documents from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved: 01 December, 2016.
- ^ a b Protopresbyter George Metallinos (Professor Emeritus of the Athens University School of Theology). UNIA: THE FACE AND THE DISGUISE. 1st Edition (English). Greek-Orthodox books, 2015. 124 pages. ISBN 978-618-81489-1-8
- ^ IOANNA ZIKAKOU. Greek Businessman Savvidis Offers to Build Mosque in Return for Hagia Sophia. PRAVMIR.COM. 20 AUGUST 2015. Retrieved: 20 August 2015.
- ^ Istanbul meeting to host leaders of Orthodox churches. Daily Sabah (Turkey). August 27, 2015. Retrieved: 3 September 2015.
- ^ Orthodox Church leaders mark church’s New Year in Istanbul. PRAVMIR.COM. 02 SEPTEMBER 2015. Retrieved: 3 September 2015.
- ^ a b Philip Chrysopoulos. Archbishop Ieronymos Claims Europe Is Against Greek Orthodoxy. Greek Reporter: Greece. Oct 7, 2015. Retrieved: 13 October 2015.
- ^ Joint Communiqué of His All-Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew and His Grace Archbishop Justin Welby of Canterbury. Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. 6/11/2015. Retrieved: 10 November 2015.
- ^ The Ecumenical Patriarch and the Archbishop of Canterbury attend Evensong. Westminster Abbey. October, 2015. Retrieved: 10 November 2015.
- ^ Archbishop Welby and Patriarch Bartholomew receive agreed theological statement on personhood. Anglican Communion News Service (ACNS). November 4, 2015 3:26 PM. Retrieved: 10 November 2015.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Επίσκεψη του Αλέξη Τσίπρα στο Πατριαρχείο Ιεροσολύμων. ANT1 News. 26 Νοεμβρίου 2015 20:53. Retrieved: 27 November 2015.
- ^ Ioanna Zikakou. Greek Prime Minister Tsipras Ends Official Visit to Israel, Palestinian Areas. Greek Reporter: Greece. Nov 27, 2015. Retrieved: 27 November 2015.
- ^ Anastassios Adamopoulos. Greek Parliament Ratifies Civil Union Agreement for Same-Sex Couples. Greek Reporter: Greece. Dec 22, 2015.
- ^ a b GREEK HIERARCHS WARN THAT THE TIME OF PERSECUTIONS HAS COME: “WE ARE ORTHODOX GREECE: LET US NOT BE TRAITORS”. ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY (Pravoslavie.ru). Athens, December 17, 2015.
- ^ UNHCR. Greece data snapshot - 31 Dec 2015. UNHCR Data Portal - Greece. 31 Dec 2015. Retrieved: 5 March 2016.
- ^ DAY OF CANONIZATION OF ST JOHN THE NEW CHOSEBITE AT CHOSEBA MONASTERY. The Patriarchate of Jerusalem – Official News Gate. 31/01/2016, Retrieved: 8 August, 2016.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Η Συνοδική Πράξη Αγιοκατατάξεως του Οσίου Ιωάννου του Χοζεβίτου. Romfea.gr. Κυριακή, 31 Ιανουάριος 2016.
- ^ a b Russian President Putin Visits Mount Athos Alongside Patriarch Kirill. Sputnik News. 18:17, 28.05.2016. Retrieved: 28 May 2016.
- ^ Vladimir Putin visits Mount Athos, all-male Orthodox enclave. BBC News. 28 May 2016. Retrieved: 29 May 2016.
- ^ Putin Sure Russia's Ties With Athos, Greece to Continue Developing. Sputnik News. 18:58, 28.05.2016. Retrieved: 28 May 2016.
- ^ PATRIARCH KIRILL CONSECRATED THE RESTORED CATHEDRAL OF OLD RUSSIKON ON MT. ATHOS. Transl. Jesse Dominick. Pravoslavie.ru. 29/05/2016.
- ^ Christians Outraged as Muslim Turks Use Hagia Sophia for Ramadan Prayers. Breitbart. 7 Jun 2016.
- ^ 'Regressive bigotry': Athens outraged as Ankara launches Koran readings at Hagia Sophia. RT. 7 Jun, 2016 22:37.
- ^ a b Fifty organisations call on Greece to abolish blasphemy laws. National Secular Society. 06 Jun 2016 11:27.
- ^ Official Documents of the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church. Official Site - The Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church. Retrieved: 7 July 2016.
- ^ a b INTER-PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY OF ORTHODOXY BEGINS WORK. KATEHON. 04.07.2016. RetrievedL 7 July 2016.
- ^ HISTORY. Interparliamentary Assembly On Orthodoxy. Retrieved: 7 July 2016.
- ^ a b Fr. Peter Heers (Ed.). ATHONITE FATHERS CALL FOR REJECTION OF CRETAN COUNCIL AND CESSATION OF COMMEMORATION OF THE PATRIARCH OF CONSTANTINOPLE. Orthodox Ethos. Posted on July 14th, 2016. Retrieved: 19 July, 2016.
- ^ a b ECCLESIASTICAL DELEGATION FROM GREECE MEETS PATRIARCH AND HIERARCHS OF THE CHURCH OF GEORGIA. Pravoslavie.ru (Orthodox Ethos). August 5, 2016. Retrieved: 22 October, 2016.
- ^ Michele Kambas. Greece eyes constitution overhaul limiting MPs terms, defining role of Church. Reuters. Jul 25, 2016 5:00pm EDT. Retrieved: 8 August, 2016.
- ^ Irene Kostaki. New Greece 2021: Tsipras’s Constitutional revision with a Latin American twist. 22:15 JULY 25, 2016. New Europe. Retrieved: 8 August, 2016.
- ^ Kerry Kolasa-Sikiaridi. Anti-authoritarians Disrupt Service at Orthodox Church of Gregory Palamas in Thessaloniki. Greek Reporter: Greece. Jul 31, 2016.
- ^ PATRIARCH KIRILL’S CONDOLENCES OVER THE DEATH OF SCHEMA-ARCHIMANDRITE JEREMIAH (ALEKHIN), HEGUMEN OF THE RUSSIAN MONASTERY OF ST PANTELEIMON ON MT ATHOS. The Russian Orthodox Church - Department for External Church Relations (DECR). 04.08.2016 21:28. Retrieved: 8 August, 2016.
- ^ a b Archbishop: ‘Greece and Orthodoxy not for sale. Ekathimerini.com. 30.09.2016. Retrieved: 5 October, 2016.
- ^ Template:Gr icon ΑΡΧΙΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΥ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΣΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ ΙΕΡΩΝΥΜΟΥ. Εἰσήγησις εἰς τήν Ἱεραρχίαν τῆς Ἐκκλησίας τῆς Ἑλλάδος (4-10-2016). 4-10-2016. 85 pp. (pdf)
- ^ Archbishop of Greece Ieronymos lashes out against the Left ideology. TornosNews.gr. 04.10.2016. Retrieved: 5 October, 2016.
- ^ Archbishop: separating Church from State will come up against society. Ekathimerini.com. 04.10.2016. Retrieved: 5 October, 2016.
- ^ a b Philip Chrysopoulos. Greece’s Archbishop: People Will Decide Church-State Relation. Greek Reporter: Greece. Oct 5, 2016. Retrieved: 5 October, 2016.
- ^ Template:Gr icon Αρχιεπίσκοπος: Η Εκκλησία δε θα ζητήσει ποτέ τον χωρισμό από το λαό Της - (ΕΙΣΗΓΗΣΗ). Romfea.gr. 04 Οκτώβριος 2016. Retrieved: 5 October, 2016.
- ^ Archimandrite Athanasios Anastasiou. The “Council” of Crete: The Chronicle of a Premeditated Deviation. Ed. Fr. Peter Heers. Orthodox Ethos. Retrieved: 30 November, 2016.
Published works
- Giannēs Koliopoulos and Thanos Veremēs. Greece: The Modern Sequel, from 1831 to the Present. NYU Press, 2002. 407 pp. ISBN 9780814747674
- Anastasios Anastassiadis. Religion and Politics in Greece: The Greek Church's 'Conservative Modernization' in the 1990's. Research in Question, No.11, January 2004. (PDF).
- C.M. Woodhouse. Modern Greece. 4th ed. Boston : Faber and Faber, 1986.
- Charalambos K. Papastathis and Nikos Maghioros. "Greece: A Faithful Orthodox Christian State. THE ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC." In: Javier Martínez-Torrón and W. Cole Durham, Jr.. Religion and the Secular State: National Reports (Issued for the occasion of the XVIIIth International Congress of Comparative Law, Washington, D.C., July 2010). Published by: Complutense Universidad de Madrid, in cooperation with The International Center for Law and Religion Studies, Brigham Young University. July 2014. pp. 339–375.
- Demetrios J. Constantelos. Understanding the Greek Orthodox Church: Its Faith, History and Life. 4th Edition. Brookline, Mass.: Hellenic College Press, 2005. ISBN 9780917653506
- Dimitri E. Conomos, Graham Speake. Mount Athos, the Sacred Bridge: The Spirituality of the Holy Mountain. Oxford: Peter Lang, 2005.
- Dr. Daphne Halikiopoulou. Patterns of Secularization: Church, State and Nation in Greece and the Republic of Ireland. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2011. ISBN 9781409403456
- Effie Fokas. Religion in the Greek Public Sphere: Nuancing the Account. Journal of Modern Greek Studies. Volume 27, Number 2, October 2009, pp. 349–374.
- Efthymios Nicolaidis. Science and Eastern Orthodoxy: From the Greek Fathers to the Age of Globalization. Transl. Susan Emanuel. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2011. 288 pp. ISBN 978-1421402987
- Herman A. Middleton. Precious Vessels of the Holy Spirit: The Lives & Counsels of Contemporary Elders of Greece. 2nd Ed. Protecting Veil Press, 2004.
- John Hadjinicolaou (Ed.). Synaxis: An Anthology of the Most Significant Orthodox Theology in Greece Appearing in the Journal Synaxē from 1982 to 2002. Montréal : Alexander Press, 2006.
- John L. Tomkinson. Between Heaven and Earth: The Greek Church. Anagnosis Books, Athens, 2004.
- Mother Nectaria McLees. EVLOGEITE! A Pilgrim's Guide to Greece. 1st Ed. St. Nicholas Press, Kansas City, MO, 2002. 927 pp.
- Norman Russell. Modern Greek Theologians and the Greek Fathers. Philosophy & Theology Volume 18, Issue 1. 2007.10.17. Pages 77–92. (ISSN 0890-2461)
- Rev. Dr. Nicon D. Patrinacos (M.A., D.Phil. (Oxon)). A Dictionary of Greek Orthodoxy – Λεξικον Ελληνικης Ορθοδοξιας. Light & Life Publishing, Minnesota, 1984.
- Rev. A. H. Hore. Eighteen centuries of the Orthodox Greek Church. London: James Parker & Co. 1899. 706pp. (Re-printed: Gorgias Press LLC, 2003.)
- Vasilios Makrides (Professor). Hellenic Temples and Christian Churches: A Concise History of the Religious Cultures of Greece from Antiquity to the Present. New York University Press, 2009. 345 pp. ISBN 9780814795682
- Victor Roudometof and Vasilios Makrides (Eds.). Orthodox Christianity in 21st Century Greece: The Role of Religion in Culture, Ethnicity, and Politics. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2010. 258 pp. ISBN 9780754666967