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The following is an archive of the article "Herb usage" that has been deleted from Wikipedia. The purpose of this archive is to allow the information contained herein to be subsequently merged with existing articles on TCM.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Herb_usage

Herb Usage

This article discusses the use of herbs for various physical needs in a very simplified way. As the use of herbs to treat diseases can be complicated, depending on the condition of the patient, the stage of treatment, as well as other herbs/drugs that are taken, this article is not to be used for self-prescription, and neither is it to be used for prescribing for others. This is especially true for large dosages, repeated or long-term use of herbs or herbal formulas.

An Introduction

Herbs have been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine to treat humans and animals. The usage of herbs is but one aspect in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), although it is probably the most important and extensive aspect. Herbs are so extensively used that many herbs are also used in everyday cooking, and these herbs include leaves, stems and roots (such as ginger or garlic), various parts of the lotus plant, many types of nuts and seeds (such as the ginkgo nut), as well as spices (such as "bo he" or peppermint).

Most "herbs" are plant-based, but a few are mineral-based, and some are even based on animal products. As many animals are facing imminent extinction, including large animals such as the tiger, the animal-based "herbs" listed here are for information purposes only, as it is no longer legal to buy or sell them. Some animal-based products are not only illegal, but are also likely to be fakes. In addition, it is relatively easy to find substitutes in the plant world, if these substitutes have not been banned or regulated.

Usage of some Chinese herbs

Tonics

Some herbs may be used as tonics for different types of "energy" including "Qi" or 气 (air), "Xue" or 血 (blood), "Yang" or 阳 (positive energy), "Yin" or 阴 (negative energy), etc. In TCM terminology, "Yin" energy does not carry negative connotations. In fact, both Yin and Yang energies, in equal amounts, are just as essential to maintain health. "Qi" energy tonics are used to promote "Qi" when conditions known as "Qixu" or lack of "Qi", occur. Similarly, "Xue", "Yang" and "Yin" tonics are meant for conditions of "Xuexu", "Yangxu" and "Yinxu" respectively.

The converse of herbs used as tonics are herbs to reduce or inhibit the "evils", including "heat", "dampness", and "wind". Common symptoms of "heat" are boils, sore throats and mouth ulcers, although these are not exclusively symptoms of "heat". The "evils" can act together to form compound evils such as damp-heat and wind-heat. To diagnose and identify the root cause(s) from symptoms is not easy and should only be attempted by trained personnel. For example, the root cause for symptoms of "yinxu" could be "heat", and treating the symptoms without treating its root cause can exacerbate the problem in the long run, although in the short run the treatment seems to work. Tonics are therefore not a cure-all, and a little knowledge can indeed be a dangerous thing.

General Usage (Part 1)

Pinyin Name	Chinese Name	Latin Name	Common Name	Herb Usage
ren shen	人参 {21} (Tone)	radix Ginseng	Ginseng. Lit:human valuable_herb. (Literally)	Qi Tonic
xi yang shen	西洋参 {121}	Panax quinquefolium, Radix pancis quinquefolii	American Ginseng. Lit:western ocean valuable_herb.	Qi Tonic
ling zhi	灵芝 {21}	Ganoderma lucidum	Reishi mushroom Lit:spiritual mushroom	Qi Tonic
dang shen	党参 {31}	radix Codonopsis Pilosula	Bonnet Bellflower. Lit:party/group valuable_herb.	Qi Tonic
bai zhu	白朮 {22}	rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Atractylodes	Lit:white art/technique.	Qi Tonic
gan cao	甘草 {13}	radix Glycyrrhizae, Glycyrrhiza Uralensis	Chinese Licorice Root Lit:willing/sweet herb	Qi Tonic
Zhi Gan Cao	炙甘草 {413}		Honey-fried Chinese Licorice Root Lit:broil willing/sweet herb	Qi Tonic
Jing Mi (Geng Mi)	粳米 {13}		Husked round-grained non-glutinous uncooked Rice, japonica rice.	Qi Tonic
shan yao	山药 {14}	rhizoma Dioscoreae	Lit:mountain medicine.	Qi Tonic
da jao	大枣 {43}	fructus Jujubae	Jujube Lit:large date	Qi Tonic
feng mi	峰蜜 {14}	Mel	Honey	Qi Tonic
huang qi	黄芪, (黄耆) {22}	radix Astragali, Astragalus propinquus	Lit:yellow 芪.	Qi tonic. Rejuvenates aging cells. Treats breast cancer.
Chao Huang Qi	炒黄芪, (炒黄耆) {322}	radix Astragali, Scutellariae Baicalensis	Fried Astragalus, Baical Skullcap Root, Dry Fried Scutellaria. Lit:fried yellow 芪.	Qi Tonic
gui yuan rou, (long yen rou)	桂圆肉, (龙眼肉) {424}	arillus Longan	Dried Longan Pulp	Blood Tonic
bai shao	白芍 {22}	radix Paeoniae Alba	Lit:white peony.	Blood Tonic
hu tao rou	胡桃肉 {224}	semen Juglandis	Lit:walnut meat	Blood Tonic
shu di huang	熟地黄 {242}	radix Rehmanniae Preparata	Chinese Foxglove. Lit:cooked earth yellow	Blood Tonic
he shou wu	何首乌 {231}	radix Polygoni Multiflori, Polygonum_multiflorum	Fleeceflower Root Lit:"He"_surname main/first black	Treats hair loss
e jiao	阿胶 {11}	Colla Corii Asini	Donkey or Ass Hide Glue	Blood Tonic
Yang Qi Shi	阳起石 {232}	Actinolitum	Actinolite. Lit:positive initiate/rise stone.	Yang Tonic
lu rong	鹿茸 {43}	cornu Cervi Pantotrichum, Cervidae,	Lit:deer/antelope/moose fluff	Yang Tonic
lu jiao	鹿角 {43}	cornu Cervi	Deer/Antelope Horn	Yang Tonic
lu jiao jiao	鹿角胶 {431}	colla Cornu Cervi	Deer Horn Glue	Yang Tonic
lu jiao shuang	鹿角霜 {431}	cornu Cervi Degelatinatum	Degelatinated Deer Horn. Lit:deer horn frost.	Yang Tonic
rou cong rong	肉苁蓉, (肉蓯蓉) {412}	herba Cistanches	Lit:meat Boschniakia_glabra lotus.	Yang tonic.
yin yang huo (cao)	淫羊霍(草) {224}	herba Epimedii, Epimedium	Horny Goat Weed. Lit:lascivious sheep unrestrained (herb).	Yang Tonic
du zhong	杜仲 {44}	cortex Eucommiae	Lit:shut/out intermediary.	Yang tonic. Treats lower back pain.
xu duan	续断 {44}	radix Dipsaci	Japanese Teasel Root. Lit:continue break.	Yang tonic. Treats knee pain, bone injuries, osteoporosis.
bu gu zhi	补骨脂 {331}	fructus Psoraleae	Lit:repair bone fat	Yang tonic
gou ji	狗脊 {33}	rhizoma Cibotii, Cibotium	Lit:dog spine	Yang tonic. Treats arthritis and weak knees.
dong chong xia cao	冬虫夏草 {1243}	Cordyceps	Lit:winter worm summer herb	Yang tonic
yi zhi ren	益智仁 {442}	fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae	Lit:aid wisdom kernel	Yang tonic
ge jie, bi hu	蛤蚧, (壁虎) {24}	Gecko	Gecko	Yang tonic. Kidney and lung tonic.
nan sha shen	南沙参 {211}	radix Adenophorae	Lit:south sand valuable_herb	Treats yin deficiency and dry cough. Nourishes stomach.
bei sha shen	北沙参 {311}	radix Glehniae	American Silvertop. Lit:north sand valuable_herb	Treats yin deficiency and dry cough. Nourishes stomach.
tian men dong, (tian dong)	天门冬, (天冬) {121}	radix Asparagi	Asparagus Lit:heaven/sky gateway winter.	Treats yin deficiency, nourishes kidney and lung. Treats dryness and cough.
mai men dong, (mai dong)	麦门冬, (麦冬) {421}	radix Ophiopogonis	Lit:wheat/barley/oats gateway winter.	Clears heat. Treats yin deficiency. Treats dryness and cough.
shi hu	石斛 {22}	herba Dendrobii	Dendrobium. Lit:stone a_unit_measure_of_weight.	Clears heat. Treats yin deficiency and throat infection. Nourishes eyes, kidney and stomach.
huang jing	黄精 {21}	rhizoma Polygonati	Siberian Solomon Seal. Lit:yellow essence	Treats yin deficiency, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, high blood sugar. Improves heart function.
yu zhu	玉竹 {42}	rhizoma Polygonati Odorati, Solomon Seal Polygonatum	Lit:jade/topaz/jasper/corundum bamboo.	Yin tonic. Treats dry throat.
shan zhu yu	山茱萸 {112}	fructus Corni	Asiatic Cornelian Cherry Fruit, Cornus. Lit:mountain 茱萸.	Antibiotic. Treats yin deficiency, hypertension, priaprism, impotence.
gou qi zi	枸杞子 {333}	fructus Lycii	Wolfberry. Lit:枸杞 seed.	Anti-aging. Treats premature white hair. Increases testosterone.
nu zhen zi	女真子, (女贞子) {313}	fructus Ligustri Lucidi	Privet Fruit. Lit:girl true seed.	Treats eye problems, including floaters, poor vision and dry eyes. Treats premature white hair, weakness in the back and knees.
mo han lian, (han lian cao)	墨旱莲, (旱莲草) {44}	herba Ecliptae, Eclipta alba	Lit:dark/ink dry lotus.	Nourishes liver and kidney yin. Treats yin deficiency and bleeding from external injuries. Strengthens immune system.
bie jia	鱉甲 {13}	carapax Trionycis, Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann, Trionychidae	Turtle carapace, Soft-shelled turtle shell	Nourishes yin, ren meridian (ren mai) and chong meridian (chong mai). Clears heat. Liver tonic.
gui ban	龟板 {13}	plastrum Testudinis, Testudinidae	Fresh-water Tortoise Plastron	External: Treats non-healing sores. Internal: Nourishes yin, bones, kidney, liver, ren meridian (ren mai) and chong meridian (chong mai). Treats non-fusing of fontanel and jing deficiency.
nou dao gen, (nuo dao gen)	糯稻根 (檽稻根) {441}	radix Oryzae Glutinosae	Lit:glutinous rice root.	Inhibits cough & bleeding
chi shi zhi	赤石脂 {421}	halloysitum Rubrum	Lit:red stone fat	Inhibits cough & bleeding
jin ying zi	金樱子 {113}	fructus Rosae Laevigatae	Rose_Hip, Lit:golden cherry seed.	Inhibits cough & bleeding
chun bai pi, (chun geng pi)	椿白皮, (椿梗皮} {122}	cortex Ailanthi	Lit:tree_of_heaven white bark/skin.	Inhibits cough & bleeding
wu wei zi	五味子 {343}	fructus Schisandrae	Lit:five taste/smell seed.	Kidney & Liver tonic
wu mei	乌梅 {12}	fructus Mume, prunus Mume	black Plum	Inhibits cough & bleeding
wu bei zi	五倍子 {343}	galla Chinensis	Chinese Gallnut. Lit:five times seed.	Inhibits cough & bleeding
fu xiao mai	浮小麦 {234}	fructus Tritici Levis, Triticum Aestivum	unripe Wheat Grain. Lit:float small wheat.	Inhibits cough & bleeding
he zi	訶子, (诃子) {13}	fructus Chebulae, Terminalia_chebula	Lit:scold/curse seed.	Inhibits cough & bleeding
shi liu pi	石榴皮 {222}	pericarpium Granati,	Pomegranate skin	Inhibits cough & bleeding
rou dou kou	肉豆蔻, (肉荳蔻 )	semen Myristicae,	Nutmeg. Lit:meat nutmeg.	External Sprains & Bruises
lian zi	莲子 {23}	semen Nelumbinis, Nelumbo seed	Lotus Seed	Inhibits cough & bleeding
Lian Zi Xin	莲子心 (蓮子心) {231}	Nelumbinis Plumula	Lotus Plumule . Lit:lotus heart.	Inhibits cough & bleeding
Lian Xu	莲须 (蓮鬚) {21}	Nelumbinis Stamen	Lotus Stamen. Lit:lotus beard.	Inhibits cough & bleeding
qian shi	芡实 {42}	semen Euryales, Erebia_euryale	Lit:gorgon_fruit true.	Inhibits cough & bleeding
sang piao xiao	桑螵蛸 {111}	ootheca Mantidis	Mantis Egg Case. Lit:mulberry mantis_egg_case}	Inhibits cough & bleeding
wu zei gu	乌贼骨 {123}, 海螵蛸 {311}, 墨鱼骨 {423}	os Sepiae	Cuttlefish bone. Lit:black thief bone.	Inhibits cough & stops bleeding
zi su zi	(紫)苏子 {311}	fructus Perillae	Lit:(purple/violet) revive/recover seed	Inhibits Germs & Fungi
zi wan	紫菀 {33}	radix Asteris, Asteraceae, Asteris Tatarici	Lit:purple 菀.	Lung Tonic
bai bu	百步, (百部) {34}	radix Stemonae, Stemona	Lit:hundred steps.	Lung Tonic
kuan dong hua	款冬花, 艾冬花 {311}	flos Farfarae	Coltsfoot Lit:cash winter flower.	Lung Tonic
sang bai pi	桑白皮 {122}	cortex Mori Radicis, Mori Cortex Radicis	Mulberry White Bark	Slows Diabetes
ma dou ling	马兜铃 {312}	fructus Aristolochiae	Lit:horse bag/pocket bell.	Lung Tonic
ting li zi	葶苈子, (葶靂子) {243}	semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae, Lepidium or Descurainia	Lit:葶苈 seed.	Treats pyloric infarction
bai guo, (yin xing)	白果, (銀杏) {23}	Ginkgo Biloba	Lit:white fruit.	Alleviates Diarrhea
zung mei gou	中美高 {131}	Tridax procumbens (tridax), Herba tridacis procumbentis	Lantern Tridax, Coat Buttons, Tridax Daisy. Lit:center pretty high.	Lung Tonic
san qi (tian qi)	三七, (田七) {12}	radix Notoginseng, Panax_pseudoginseng	Lit:three seven (field seven).	Alleviates blood stasis and external impact injuries
qian cao	茜草 {43}	radix Rubiae	Lit:madder/reed herb.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
hai gou bian, (hai gou bao), (hai gou shen)	海狗鞭, (海狗寶), (海狗肾) {331}		Seal Testes/Penis, Otaria, Sea Lion	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
lu bian	鹿鞭 {41}		Deer Testes/Penis (Male Genitalia)	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
niu dan	牛胆 {23}		Cow gallbladder/bile.	Treats diabetes. Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
xiong dan	熊胆 {23}	Vesica Fellea Ursi	Bear gallbladder	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
xiong dan zhi	熊胆汁 {231}		Bear bile	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
e yu dan	鳄鱼胆 {421}		Crocodile Gallbladder	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
hai ma	海马 {33}	Hippocampus	Sea Horse	Treats impotence.
hai long	海龙 {32}	Syngnathus	Pipe Fish. Lit:sea dragon.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
dang gui	当归 {11}	radix Angelicae Sinensis	Lit: should return.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
zhi he che	紫河车 {321}	Placenta Hominis	Lit:purple river vehicle.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
qi dai	脐带 {24}	Umbilical Cord	Lit:navel strap.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
dan shen	丹参 {11}	radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Salvia, Miltiorrhiza	Lit:red valuable_herb	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
hong hua	红花 {21}	flos Carthami, Carthamus_tinctorius	Safflower Lit:red flower.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
chuan xiong	川芎 {11}	rhizoma Chuanxiong, Ligusticum_wallichii, Szechuan Lovage Root	Lit:sichuan 芎.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
chi shao	赤芍 {42}	radix Paeoniae Rubra	Lit:red peony.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis

General Usage (Part 2)

Pinyin Name	Chinese Name	Latin Name	Common Name	Herb Usage
yu jin	郁金, (鬱金) {41}	radix Curcumae, Curcuma , Curcumin Curcuma aromatica	"Turmeric tuberous root". Lit:elegant/lush/strong_smelling gold. Hindi name: जंगली हळी (Jangalii haldi).	Lowers blood lipids.
jiang xiang	降香 {41}	Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae, Rosewood, Heartwood	Lit:drop/reduce fragrance.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
ju pi (chen pi)	橘皮,(桔皮), (陈皮) {22}	pericarpium Citri Reticulatae	Lit:tangerine/orange peel.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
shui zhi	水蛭 {34}	Hirudo, Hirudo_medicinalis	Leech	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
ru xiang	乳香 {31}	Olibanum	Frankincense. Breast fragrance.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
mo yao	没药 {44}	Myrrha	Myrrh. Lit:sink/overflow/disappear medicine.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
e zhu	莪朮 {22}	rhizoma Zedoariae	Lit:莪 art/technique. Hindi name: Kachur.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
san leng	三棱 {12}	rhizoma Sparganii, Burreed tuber	Lit:three edges/ridges.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
hu zhang	虎杖 {34}	rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, Japanese_Knotweed	Lit:tiger walking_stick.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
yi mu cao	益母草 {433}	herba Leonuri	Motherwort. Lit:benefit mother herb.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
tao ren	桃仁 {22}	semen Persicae	Peach kernel.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
wu ling zhi	五灵脂 {321}	faeces Trogopterorum, Pteropus	Lit:five soul/spirit fat.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
niu zhi, (niu xi)	牛膝 {21}	radix Achyranthis Bidentatae	Lit:cow knee.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
chuan shan jia	穿山甲 {113}	Squama Manitis	Pangolin scales	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
di bie chong	地鳖虫, (地蟞虫) {412}	Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga	Ground Beetle. Lit:earth soft_shelled_turtle worm.	Promotes blood flow and alleviates blood stasis
Fu Hai Shi	浮海石 {232}	Costaziae Os,	constaziae skeleton/bone. Lit:float sea stone.	Reduces phlegm
bai he	百合 {32}	Bulbus Lilii	Lily Bulb. Lit: hundred whole.	Treats yin deficiency and insomnia
dan nan xing	胆南星 {321}	Arisaema cum Bile	Jack-in-the-Pulpit Rhizome & Bile. Lit:gall south star	Reduces spasms, cramps, facial paralysis, and stroke
ban xia	半夏 {44}	rhizoma Pinelliae, Pinellia	Lit:mid summer/grand.	Lowers pressure in eyes, and reduces dampness
tian nan xing	天南星 {121}	rhizoma Arisaematis	Lit:sky south star.	Reduces phlegm
bai jie zi	白芥子 {243}	semen Sinapis Albae	Lit:white mustard seed.	Reduces phlegm
xuan fu hua	旋复花, (旋覆花) {241}	flos Inulae	Lit:revolve repeat flower.	Reduces phlegm
jie geng	桔梗 {23}	radix Platycodi,Platycodon grandiflorum	Lit:桔 stalk/stem	Reduces phlegm
gua lou	瓜蔞 {12}	fructus Trichosanthis	Lit:melon 蔞.	Reduces phlegm
qian hu	前胡 {22}	radix Peucedani	Lit:front moustache.	Reduces phlegm
bei mu	贝母 {43}	bulbus Fritillariae	Lit:shellfish mother	Treats yin deficiency and stagnant phlegm
tian zhu huang	天竹黄 {122}	Concretio Silicea Bambusae	Lit:sky bamboo yellow.	Reduces phlegm
zhu ru	竹茹 {22}	caulis Bambusae in Taeniam	Lit:bamboo eat.	Reduces phlegm
zhu li, (zhu yu)	竹沥 {24}	succus Bambusae	Lit:bamboo drip/drop.	Reduces phlegm
meng shi	礞石 {22}	lapis Chloriti Usta,	Lit:礞 stone.	Reduces phlegm
Duan Meng Shi	煅礞石 {422}	Calcined Lapis Micae seu Chloriti		Reduces phlegm
hai zao	海藻 {33}	Sargassum Seaweed, Sargassum Fusiforme, Sargassum Pallidum	Seaweed. Lit:sea algae.	Reduces phlegm
ku xing ren	苦杏仁 {342}	semen Armeniacae Amarum	Lit:bitter apricot kernel.	Expels phlegm
kun bu	昆布 {14}	thallus Laminariae seu Eckloniae	Kelp.	Treats thyroid, and lymph glands
fo shou	佛手 {23}	fructus Citri Sarcodactylis	Lit:Buddha's hand/palm.	Treats digestive system
mu xiang	木香 {41}	radix Aucklandiae, Aucklandia Lappa	Lit:wood fragrance.	Treats flatulence and lack of appetite
wu yao	乌药 {14}	radix Linderae	Lit:dark/black medicine.	Treats bed-wetting, hernia, and irregular menses.
xiang fu	香附 {12}	rhizoma Cyperi	Lit:fragrance attach/depend_on.	Treats digestive system
ju hong	橘红 {22}	exocarpium Citri Rubrum	Tangerine peel. Lit:tangerine red.	Treats digestive system
qing pi	青皮 {12}	pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride	Peel of unripe orange. Lit:green skin.	Treats digestive system
zhi ke	枳壳 {32}	fructus Aurantii	Lit:trifoliate_orange husk/shell	Treats digestive system
zhi shi	枳实 {32}	fructus Aurantii Immaturus	Lit:trifoliate_orange true	Treats digestive system
chen xiang	沉香 {21}	lignum Aquilariae Resinatum	Agarwood. Lit:sinking/heavy frangrance.	Treats digestive system
chuan lian zhi	川楝子 {143}	fructus Toosendan	Lit:sichuan/river/plain chinaberry seed.	External : Treats fungi infections of scalp.
yan hu suo	延胡索 {223}	rhizoma Corydalis	Lit:extend beard rope	Treats digestive system
xie bai	薤白 {42}	bulbus Allii Macrostemi	Lit:shallot/scallion white}	Treats digestive system
shan zha	山楂 {11}	fructus Crataegi	Hawthorn, Shan zha	Treats blood stasis, improves coronary circulation. Lit:mountain hawthorn/quince
mai ya	麦芽 {42}	fructus Hordei germinatus	Malted Barley	Lowers blood pressure. Treats coronary heart disease, indigestion and stomach distension.
gu ya	谷芽, (穀芽) {32}	fructus Oryzae germinatus	Malted Rice	Helps digestion
lai fu zi	莱菔子 {223}	semen Raphani	Radish Seed.	Treats digestive stagnation
ji nei jin	鸡内金 {141}	endothelium corneum Gigeriae galli	Membrane of a chicken's gizzard. Lit:chicken internal gold.	Treats weak digestion, vomiting, and diarrhea
shen qu	神曲, (神麴) {23}	massa Fermentata Medicinalis	Medicated leaven. Lit:divine melody.	Helps digestion
Luo Shi Teng	絡石藤 {422}	Caulis Trachelospermi Jasminoidis	Lit:meridian/winding stone vine.	Treats weak digestion, and stomachache.
du huo	独活, (獨活) {22}	radix Angelicae Pubescentis	Lit:alone/independent work/alive	Alleviates wind-cold-dampness
wei ling xian	威灵仙, (威靈仙) {121}	radix Clematidis	Lit:power/authority soul/spirit immortal.	Treats weak digestion, and stomachache.
fang ji	防己 {23}	radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae	Lit:protect self.	Treats weak digestion, and stomachache.
qin jiao	秦艽 {21}	radix Gentianae Macrophyllae	Lit:"Qin"_dynasty 艽	Reduces inflammation
mu gua, fan mu gua	木瓜, (番木瓜) {141}	fructus Chaenomelis	Lit:wood melon.	Treats weak digestion, and stomachache
sang ji sheng	桑寄生 {141}	ramulus Taxilli	Parasitic loranthus. Lit:mulberry parasitic/depend_on growth.	Treats weak digestion
wu jia pi	五加皮 {312}	cortex Acanthopanacis (Wu Jia Pi Jiu)	Lit:five plus/increase bark	Alleviates rheumatism
bai hua she	白花蛇 {212}	Agkistrodon seu Bungarus	Pitviper or Krait	Treats weak digestion, and improves circulation
hu gu	虎骨 {33}	os Tigris	Tiger bone	Treats weak digestion, and improves circulation
bao gu	豹骨 {43}		Leopard/panther bone	Treats weak digestion, and improves circulation
wu shao she	烏梢蛇 {112}	Zaocys	Black-tailed snake. Lit:black tip snake.	Treats weak digestion, and improves circulation
cang shu, (cang zhu)	苍术, (蒼朮) {14}	rhizoma Atractylodis	Lit:blue/green/pale art/skill	Improves night vision and diminishing vision
hou po (hou pu)	厚朴 (厚樸){44}	cortex Magnoliae Officinalis	Lit:thick Celtis_sinensis_var._japonica	Treats weak digestion, and stomachache
huo xiang	藿香 {41}	herba Agastaches	Lit:leaves_of_pulse_plants fragrance.	Treats weak digestion, and stomachache
pei lan	佩兰, (佩蘭) {22}	herba Eupatorii, Eupatorium	Lit:wears orchid.	Treats weak digestion, and stomachache
sha ren	砂仁 {12}	fructus Amomi, Amomum xanthoides	Cardamon. Lit:grit kernel.	Treats vomiting, stomach bloat and nausea
bai dou kou	白豆蔻 {244}	fructus Amomi Rotundus	Cardamom. Lit:white bean 蔻.White Cardamon	Treats weak digestion, and stomachache
cao guo	草果 {33}	fructus Tsaoko	Lit:herb fruit.	Treats weak digestion, and stomachache
Jiang Huang	姜黄,(薑黄) {12}	Rhizoma Curcumae Longae, Curcumae longae Rhizoma	turmeric rhizome . Lit:ginger yellow. Hindi name: Haldii (Haldi).	Reduces wind-cold. Also used in Ayurvedic medicine, and to treat cancer [1]. Used extensively as a spice.
sheng jiang	生姜, (生薑) {11}	rhizoma Zingiberis Recens	Raw ginger	Reduces body odor
zi su geng	(紫)苏梗 {13}	caulis Perillae	Lit:(purple) revive/recover stalk/stem.	Reduces wind-cold
zi su ye	(紫)苏叶 {14}	folium Perillae	Lit:(purple) revive/recover leaf.	Reduces wind-cold
sang ye	桑叶 {14}	folium Mori	Mulberry leaf	Slows diabetes
xiang ru	香薷 {12}	herba Elsholtziae	Lit:fragrance 薷.	Reduces wind-cold
jing jie	荆芥 {14}	herba Schizonepetae	Lit:cutting mustard.	Reduces wind-cold
fang feng	防风 {21}	radix Ledebouriellae	Lit:defend (against) wind.	Reduces stiff neck and pain back
bai zhi	白芷 {23}	radix Angelicae Dahuricae	Lit:white 芷.	Reduces wind-cold
jiang huo (qiang huo)	羌活, (薑活) {12}	rhizoma seu radix Notopterygli	Lit:An_ethnic_Chinese_group live/alive.	Reduces wind-cold
cang er zi	苍耳子 {133}	fructus Xanthii	Lit:dark_green ear seed.	Reduces wind-cold
xin yi hua	辛荑花 {121}	flos Magnoliae Liliflora	Magnolia Flower. Lit:hot/laborious/bitter sprout flower.	Reduces wind-cold
bo he	薄荷 {42}	herba Menthae	Peppermint.	Reduces wind-cold
niu bang zi	牛蒡子 {243}	fructus Arctii	Burdock Lit: cow 蒡 seed.	Reduces wind-cold
can tui	蝉蜕 {24}	periostracum Cicadae,	Cicada Molt	Alleviates sore throat and red eyes
dan dou chi	淡豆豉 {443}	semen Sojae preparatum	Fermented Black Soybean. Lit:bland bean 豉	Reduces wind-cold
ju hua	菊花 {21}	flos Chrysanthemi	Chrysanthemum Flower	Improves eyesight and hearing
ge gen	葛根 {21}	radix Puerariae	Pea Root Lit:Pueraria root.	Lowers blood pressure
chai hu	柴胡 {22}	radix Bupleuri	Chinese thorowax. Lit:firewood beard/moustache.	Reduces heat, fever, malaria, irregular menses
sheng ma	升麻 {12}	rhizoma Cimicifugae	Black Cohosh Rhizome. Lit:rise/promote hemp/flax/jute/sesame.	Reduces sore throat, migraine, toothache
ma huang	麻黄 {22}	radix Ephedrae. Ephedrine	Lit:hemp/flax/jute/sesame yellow.	Lowers appetite and controls weight. Antibiotic, treats asthma, promotes sweating.
gui zhi	桂枝 {41}	ramulus Cinnamomi	Cinnamon Twig Lit:cassia twig.	Stomach Tonic
zong lu tan	棕榈炭 {121}	vagina Trichycarpi Carbonisatus	Lit:palm (tree) 榈 charcoal.	Arrests bleeding
huai jiao	槐角 {23}	fructus Sophorae	Lit:Chinese_scholar_tree horn.	Arrests bleeding
zi zhu	紫珠 {31}	folium Callicarpae	Lit:purple pearl/bead/drop	Arrests bleeding
xue yu tan	血余炭 {424}	crinis Carbonisatus	Lit:blood extra/more_than charcoal.	Arrests bleeding
zhu ma gen	苧麻根 (苎麻根) {421)	radix Boehmeriae	Lit:苎 hemp/flax root.	Arrests bleeding
bai mao gen	白茅根 {221}	rhizoma Imperatae	Cogongrass rhizome. Lit:white thatch root.	Arrests bleeding
ce bai ye	侧柏叶 {434}	cacumen Biotae	Oriental arborvitae leaf	Arrests bleeding
huai hua	槐花 {23}	flos Sophorae	Lit:Chinese_scholar_tree flower.	Arrests bleeding
da ji	大蓟 {24}	herba seu Radix Cirsii Japonici	Setose thistle.	External: Arrests bleeding rapidly. Internal: Increases platelet count, promotes platelet coagulation, increases blood pressure
xiao ji	小蓟 {34}	herba Cephalanoploris	Field thistle.	Arrests bleeding rapidly, increases platelet count, promotes platelet coagulation, increases blood pressure, treats insomnia
di yu	地榆 {42}	radix Sanguisorbae	Salad burnet. Lit:earth elm.	Arrests bleeding
xian he cao	仙鹤草 {143}	herba Agrimoniae	Lit:immortal crane herb.	Arrests bleeding
bai ji	白及 {22}	rhizoma Bletillae	Lit:white reach(in time).	Arrests bleeding
ai ye	艾叶 {44}	folium Artemisiae Argyi	Mugwort Leaf	Antibiotic and Antivirus
pu huang	蒲黄 {22}	pollen Typhae	Lit:cattail/reed_mace/club_grass yellow.	Lowers blood cholesterol

General Usage (Part 3)

Pinyin Name	Chinese Name	Latin Name	Common Name	Herb Usage
fu ling	茯苓 {22}	Poria	Lit:茯苓.	Anti-tumor, protects liver, kidney and bone marrow
zhu ling	豬苓 {12}	Polyporus Umbellatus, Fungus Ramosissimus	Lit:pig 苓.	Treats boils and tumors
ze xie	泽泻, (澤瀉) {24}	rhizoma Alismatis	Alisma. Oriental water plantain. Lit:pool/glade pour_down.	Inhibits hardening of arteries, lowers lipids and cholesterol, prevents fatty liver
yi yi ren	薏苡仁 {432}	semen Coicis	Lit:薏 Job's_tears kernel.	Sedative, anti-cancer, treats urinary tract infections
che qian zi	车前子 {123}	semen Plantaginis	Plantain seed.	Reduces damp-heat, treats sexual dysfunction
hua shi	滑石 {22}	Talcum	Lit:slippery stone.	Reduces dryness
mu tong	木通 {41}	caulis Akebiae	Lit:wood connect_with/open.	Antibiotic, promotes lactation, improves cardiac function, alleviates joint pain
jin qian cao	金钱草 {123}	herba Lysimachiae	Lit:gold money herb.	Expels stones of urinary tract, improves circulation, anti-bacteria
tong cao	通草 {13}	medulla Tetrapanacis	Lit:connect_with/open herb.	Treats typhoid, promotes lactation
shi wei	石苇 {23}	folium Pyrrosiae	Lit:stone reed.	Reduces urinary tract infections
yin chen hao	茵陈蒿 {121}	herba Artemisiae Scopariae	Lit:mattress old wormwood_artemisia.	Treats headache, jaundice, liver and gallbladder
bi xie	萆薢 {44}	rhizoma Dioscoreae Septemlobae	Lit:castor_seed woody_climbing_plant.	Reduces inflammation, treats arthritis
Liu Huang	硫磺 {22}	Sulphur		Reduces fire
shi gao	石膏 {21}	gypsum Fibrosum	Gypsum	Antipyretic, treats diabetes and asthma
zhi mu	知母 {13}	rhizoma Anemarrhenae	Wind-weed. Lit:know mother.	Treats diabetes and yin deficiency
tian hua fen	天花粉 {113}	radix Trichosanthis	Lit:sky flower powder/crumble	Clears lung heat, expels pus and phlegm
lu gen	芦根 {21}	rhizoma Phragmitis	Lit:reed root.	Suppurative, lung tonic
huang lian	黄莲 {22}	rhizoma Coptidis	Lit:yellow lotus.	External: Treats mouth ulcers, eye and ear infection, eczema. Internal: Clears heat, treats insomnia and diabetes.
huang qin	黄芩 {22}	radix Scutellariae	Lit:yellow reed.	Reduces heat, fire, dampness, hypertension. Treats prostate and breast cancers
huang bai, (huang bo)	黄柏 {23}	cortex Phellodendri	Lit:yellow cypress.	Lowers blood sugar and blood pressure. Antibiotic. Reduces damp-heat.
zhi zi	栀子, (梔子) {13}	fructus Gardeniae	Cape jasmine. Lit:栀 seed.	Reduces fire. Treats jaundice and insomnia. Antipyretic.
long dan cao	龙胆草 {233}	radix Gentianae	Lit:dragon courage/gallbladder herb.	Reduces heat. Treats hypertension, gastritis, conjunctivitis and malaria.
xia ku cao	夏枯草 {413}	spica Prunellae	Lit:summer withered herb.	Treats hepatitis, goiter, breast cancer, hypertension, tuberculosis, and facial paralysis.
ku shen	苦参 {31}	radix Sophorae Flavescentis	Lit:bitter valuable_herb	Reduces fire. Treats infections, insomnia, tumor. Antibiotic. Antivirus.
jue ming zi	决明子 {223}	semen Cassia	Lit:decide/final bright/clear seed	Reduces high blood pressure.
jin yin hua	金银花 {121}	flos Lonicerae, Flox Lonicerae Japonicae	Honeysuckle. Lit:gold silver flower.	Dextoxifies. Treats influenza.
Xian Jin Yin Hua	鲜金银花 {1121}	Flos Lonicerae Recens, Flox Lonicerae Japonicae	Fresh Honeysuckle Flower	Detoxifies. Reduces heat.
ren dong teng	忍冬藤 {312}	caulis Lonicerae	Lit:endure/tolerate winter vine/cane	Detoxifies
lian qiao	连翘 {24}	fructus Forsythiae	Lit:connect raise/stick_up.	Antibiotic. Treats retina hemorrhage, kidney and liver infections.
pu gong ying	蒲公英 {211}	herba Taraxaci	Lit:cattail/reed_mace/club_grass public/general flower/hero.	Antibiotic. Treats boils, breast and lung cancer.
zi hua di ding	紫花地丁 {3141}	herba Violae	Lit:purple flower earth man.	Treats snake bite, HIV/AIDS. Antibiotic.
da qing ye	大青叶 {414}	folium Isatidis	Woad. Lit:large green leaf.	Treats mouth ulcers, hepatitis, herpes.
qing dai	青黛 {14}	indigo Naturalis	Lit:green black_dye.	Treats infections, epilepsy, mouth inflammation, and nose bleed.
ban lan gen	板蓝根 {321}	radix Isatidis	Lit:board blue root.	Treats colds, mouth ulcers, hepatitis, herpes, measles, psoriasis.
chuan xin lian	穿心莲 {112}	herba Andrographitis	Lit:pierce heart lotus.	Reduces heat and mouth ulcers. Antibiotic, antiviral, and antipyretic.
yu xing cao	鱼腥草 {213}	herba Houttuyniae	fish raw_meat/fishy_smell herb.	Reduces damp heat. Treats boils and HIV/AIDS.
shan dou gen	山豆根 {141}	radix Sophorae Tonkinensis	Lit:mountain bean root.	Detoxifies
she gan	射干 {41}	rhizoma Belamcandae, Belamcanda Chinensis	Blackberry lily. Lit:shoot/emit dry.	Treats cough, phlegm and sore throat.
ma chi xian	马齿莧 {334}	herba Portulacae	Lit:horse tooth amaranth.	Antibiotic, antifungal. Treats parasites, appendicitis, dysentery, high blood pressure.
bai tou weng	白头翁 {221}	radix Pulsatillae	Lit:white head old_man.	Antibiotic. Kills sperm and parasites.
hong teng	红藤 {22}	caulis Sargentodoxae	Lit:red vine/cane.	Detoxifies
qin pi	秦皮 {22}	cortex Fraxini	Lit:"Qin"_Dynasty bark.	Antibiotic. Reduces heat. Treats swollen eyes.
jun da cai	君达菜 {124}	Beta vulgaris	Beet. Lit:monarch reach vegetable.	External: Treats boils.
bai hua she she cao	白花蛇舌草 {21223}	Heydyotis Diffusa	Lit:white flower snake tongue herb.	Reduces heat. Antibiotic, antivirus, antitumor. Treats infections.
ban zhi lian	半枝蓮 {412}	Herba Scutellriae Barbatae	Lit:half branch lotus.	Reduces heat. Treats sore throat, mouth ulcers. Inhibits tumor and cancer cells (alcohol extract only).
Deng Xin Cao	灯芯草 (燈芯草) {143}	Medulla Junci Effusi	Luncus pith, Rush pith . Lit:lamp core/center herb.	Cools blood. Treats sore throat.
shui niu jiao	水牛角	cornu Bubali		Treats manic behavior, sore throat. Sedative effect.
sheng di huang	生地黄 {142}	radix Rehmanniae	Lit:raw earth yellow.	Used as blood tonic in small doses. Reduces blood sugar. Not to be used in large doses.
xuan shen	玄参 {21}	radix Scrophulariae	Lit:deep valuable_herb.	Antibiotic. Sedative effect. Treats sore throat and yin deficiency, cools blood.
xi jiao	犀角 {13}	cornu Rhinocerotis		Reduces high fever. Sedative.
bai jiang cao	败酱草 {443}	herba Patriniae	Lit:defeat/counteract sauce/paste herb.	Treats conjunctivitis, appendicitis, flatulence, diarrhea.
mu dan pi	牡丹皮 {312}	cortex Moutan Radicis	Lit:peony bark.	Antibiotic. Reduces blood stasis, blood clots, and fire of yin deficiency.
zi cao	紫草 {33}	radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi	Groomwell root. Lit:purple herb.	Reduces damp heat and toxins. Blood tonic. Treats constipation.
pang da hai	胖大海 {443}	Sterculia Scaphigera	Lit:plump large sea.	Reduces heat. Treats dry and hard stools, conjunctivitis, sore throat, and nose bleed.
qing hao	青蒿 {11}	herba Artemisiae Annuae	Lit:green wormwood_artemisia	Treats malaria and damp heat.
bai wei	白薇 {21}, 蔷薇 {21}	radix Cynanchi Atrati	Lit:white 薇.	Reduces damp heat. Treats sore throat and snake bite. Heart tonic.
di gu pi	地骨皮 {432}	cortex Lycii Radicis	Lit: earth bone bark.	Treats premature white hair, diabetes, backache. Improves night vision. Liver and kidney tonic.
yin chai hu	银柴胡 {222}	radix Stellariae	Lit:silver firewood moustache/beard.	Reduces damp heat. Treats yin deficiency.
da huang	大黃 {42}	radix et rhizoma Rhei	Rhubarb Lit:large yellow.	External: Treats burns and scalding. Internal: Treats blood in stool, blood clots and tumors.
mang xiao	芒硝 {21}	natrii Sulfas	Sodium sulphate. Lit: awn nitre/saltpetre	Treats mouth ulcers, conjunctivitis, sore throat, breast tumor.
fan xie ye	番泻叶, (番瀉葉) {144}	folium Sennae	Senna leaf.	Reduces heat. Treats constipation and flatulence.
da ma ren	大麻仁 {422}	fructus Cannabis	Lit:large cannabis/hemp kernel.	Treats insomnia, menstrual pain, asthma, mania and itchy skin.
gan sui	甘遂 {14}	radix Kansui	Lit: sweet/fortunate/willing satisfy/succeed.	External: Treats boils and sores.
yu li ren	郁李仁 {432}	semen Pruni	Lit:strong-smelling/lush plum kernel.	Qi tonic.
da ji	大戟 {43}	radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis	Japanese thistle. Lit:large ancient_bladed_weapon.	Cools blood.
yuan hua	芫花 {21}	flos Genkwa	Lit:芫 flower.	External: Treats ringworm and head fungi. Internal: Treats parasites.
qian niu zi	牽牛子 {123}	semen Pharbitidis	Lit:pull cow seed.	Treats asthma, phlegm, cough, flatulence and constipation.
rou gui	肉桂 {22}	cortex Cinnamomi	Chinese cinnamon tree. Lit:meat cinnamon.	Treats impotence and stomach wind. Promotes circulation. Stomach and lung tonic. Reduces blood sugar.
wu zhu yu	吴茱萸 {212}	fructus Evodiae, Tetradium	Lit:"Wu"_Kingdom 茱萸.	Lowers blood pressure. Reduces dampness and stomachache. Leads fire downwards. Warms stomach.
xi xin	细辛 {41}	herba Asari	Root of wild Chinese ginger. Lit:thin/fine hot_taste.	External: Treats mouth ulcers. Internal: Antibiotic, anaesthetic, anti-histamine. Treats deafness.
hua jiao	花椒 {11}	pericarpium Zanthoxyli	Lit:flower chilli/pepper.	Treats asthma and bloated stomach. Lowers blood pressure.
ding xiang	丁香 {11}	flos Caryophylli	Clove Lit:man/population fragrance.	External: Fungal infection, lymphatic tumor. Internal: Stomach tonic.
gao liang jiang	高莨姜 {121}	rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum	Galanga, galangal. Lit:高莨 ginger.	Antibiotic. Warms stomach, improves digestion.
xiao hui xiang	小茴香 {321}	fructus Foeniculi	Fennel. Lit:little 茴 fragrance.	External: Abdominal pain. Internal: Treats colic pain, cholera, swollen testes. Promotes lactation.
fu zi	附子, (地肤子) {23}	radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata	Aconite. Lit:attach/depend_on seed.	Anticancer. Heart stimulant.
chuan wu tou	川乌头 {112}	radix Aconiti	Aconitum Lit:sichuan black head.	Anticancer. Heart stimulant.
cao wu tou	草乌头 {312}	radix Aconiti Kusnezoffiae	Prepared wild aconite. Lit:herb black head.	Anticancer. Heart stimulant.
gan jiang	干姜, (乾薑) {11}	rhizoma Zingiberis	Dry ginger.	Warms interior (middle burner). Yang tonic. Treats lower back pain.
He Shi	鹤虱 {21}	Carpesii abrotanoidis Fructus	carpesium fruit. Lit:crane louse.	Removes parasites
Ming Fan	明礬 {22}	Alumen	Alum, Aluminum potassium sulfate. Lit:bright vitriol.	External: Sores and abcesses. Internal: Leukemia
bing lang, (bin lang)	槟榔, (檳榔) {12}	semen Arecae, Areca_catechu seed	Lit:areca.	Kills parasites. Removes food accumulation.
shi jun zi	使君子 {313}	fructus Quisqualis	Rangoon creeper. Lit:use monarch/mister seed.	Kills parasites. Treats ear infection and cough.
da fu pi	大腹皮 {442}	pericarpium Arecae	Lit:large stomach/belly bark.	Treats water retention in legs and fungal infection in digestive tract.
lei wan	雷丸 {22}	Omphalia	Lit:thunder pill.	Removes parasites
ku lian pi	苦棟皮 {342}	cortex Meliae	Lit:bitter 棟 bark.	Expels parasites
nan gua zi	南瓜子 {213}	semen Cucurbitae	Southern melon seed.	Removes parasites
he cao ya	鹤草牙 {432}	gemma Agrimoniae	Agrimony. Lit:crane herb sprout.	Removes parasites
guan zhong	贯众, (贯眾, 贯仲）{44}	rhizoma Dryopteris Crassirhizomae	Lit:pass_through many(people).	Removes parasites. Treats boils and Hepatitis B.
fei zi	榧子 {33}	semen Torreyae	Torreya seeds. Lit:榧 seed.	Kills parasites
ci shi	磁石 {22}	Magnetitum	Magnetite	Calms the mind
Duan Ci Shi	煅磁石 {422}	Calcined Magnetitum	Magnetite	Calms the mind
long gu	龙骨 {23}	os Draconis	Dragon Bones, Large Bones	External: Sores and boils. Internal: Treats premature ejaculation, poor memory, palpitations.
zhu sha	硃砂 {11}	Cinnabaris	Cinnabar.	Settles the spirit.
suan zao ren	酸枣仁 {132}	semen Ziziphi Spinosae	Lit:sour date kernel.	Calms the mind. Promotes sleep. Lowers blood pressure. Yin tonic. Treats palpitation and poor memory.
yuan zhi	远志 {34}	radix Polygalae	Lit:far-reaching ambition/will.	Calms the mind. Promotes sleep. Treats boils, sores, breast tumor.
bai zi ren	柏子仁 {332}	semen Biotae	Lit:cypress seed kernel.	Calms the mind. Treats palpitations and poor memory.
mu li	牡蛎, (牡蠣) {34}	concha Ostreae, Ostreidae	Lit:oyster shell	Treats swollen lymph glands
Duan Mu Li	煅牡蠣 {434}	Calcined Concha Ostreae	Oyster Shell	Neutralizes acidity in stomach
zhen zhu	珍珠 {11}	Margarita	Pearl	Calms the mind.
zhen zhu mu	珍珠母 {113}	concha Margaritifera Usta	Mother of Pearl	Sedative. Treats hypertension, cataract, night blindness, insomnia, palpitation, poor memory, ulcers.
dai zhe shi	代赭石 {232}	Haematitum	Hematite	Promotes red blood cells.
ling yang jiao	羚羊角 {223}	cornu Saigae Tataricae	Antelope horn	Reduces wind.
tian ma	天麻 {12}	rhizoma Gastrodiae	Lit:sky/heaven hemp/flax/sesame	Treats depression, epilepsy and migraine.
shi jue ming	石决明 {222}	concha Haliotidis	Abalone Shell	Antibiotic, antipyretic and sedative. Treats hypertension.
shan yang jiao	山羊角 {123}	cornu Naemorhedi	Lit:mountain goat/sheep horn	Reduces heat.
gou teng	钩藤, (鉤藤) {12}	ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis	Lit:hooked cane.	Sedative. Lowers platelet coagulation and lowers blood pressure.
quan xie	全蝎 {21}	Scorpio	Scorpion.	Reduces wind. Lowers blood pressure and platelet coagulation.
wu gong	蜈蚣 {21}	Scolopendra, Centipede	Centipede	Reduces wind. Lowers blood pressure and platelet coagulation.
bai jiang can	白僵蚕, (白殭蚕) {212}	bombyx Batryticatus	Silkworm larva with batrytis. Lit:white frozen silkworm.	Antibiotic. Treats sore throat, epilepsy and itchy skin.
di long	地龙 {42}	Lumbricus	Lit:earth dragon.	Lower blood pressures. Sedative and anti-histamine. Treats asthma.
she xiang	麝香 {41}	Moschus	Lit:musk_deer fragance.	Treats coma or stroke symptoms
niu huang	牛黄 {22}	calculus Bovis, Bezoar Bovis,	Bezoar. Lit:cow yellow.	Treats coma or stroke symptoms
hou zao	猴枣 {23}	calculus Macacae Mulattae	Monkey Gallstone. Lit:monkey jujube/date.	Treats coma or stroke symptoms
bing pian	冰片 {14}	Borneolum Syntheticum	Lit:ice slice.	Treats coma or stroke symptoms
su he xiang	苏合香 {121}	Storax	Lit:revive/recover join fragrance.	Treats coma or stroke symptoms. Opens orifices.
shi chang pu	石菖蒲 {212}	rhizoma Acori Graminei , Acorus	Lit:stone 菖 cattail/reed_mace/club_grass.	Treats coma or stroke symptoms

Chinese-Japanese common herbs

The following herbs are common to both the Kampo herb list as well as the 50 fundamental herbs in Chinese herbology:

1. Astragali Radix , 黄芪 , オウギ
2. Camelliae Folium , 茶叶 , チャヨウ
3. Cannabis Fructus , 麻子仁 , マシニン
4. Carthami Flos , 红花 , コウカ
5. Cinnamomi Cortex , 桂皮 , ケイヒ
6. Coptidis Rhizoma , 黄连 , オウレン
7. Corydalis Rhizoma , 延胡索 , エンゴサク
8. Crotonis Semen , 巴豆 , ハズ
9. Ephedrae Herba , 麻黄 , マオウ
10. Eucommiae Cortex , 杜仲 , トチュウ
11. Forsythiae Fructus , 连翘 , レンギョウ
12. Glycyrrhizae Radix , 甘草 , カンゾウ
13. Leonuri Herba , 益母草 , ヤクモソウ
14. Phellodendri Cortex , 黄柏 , オウバク
15. Puerariae Radix , 葛根 , カッコン
16. Rehmanniae Radix , 地黄 , ジオウ
17. Saussureae Radix , 木香 , モッコウ
18. Schisandrae Fructus , 五味子 , ゴミシ
19. Scutellariae Radix , 黄芩 , オウゴン
20. Trichosanthis Radix , 瓜蒌根 , カロコン

Formulas

Formulas are herb combinations that may exhibit activity that is shown by none of the individual herbs in a formula. The following formulas use a combination of herbs to "balance" and improve on the strengths of the principal herbs. The principal herbs are listed first in a formula, and usually carry the most weight, that is, they are the heaviest in a formula. The most common way of using a herb combination is via an aqueous (hot-water) extract, known as "tang" or 汤, which may be called a soup. Alcohol extracts are possible for some herbs, such as Ginseng, but the ginsenosides extracted via alcohol are different from that extracted with water. Herb combinations can also be ground into powder form, known as "san" or 散, and put into capsules, or mixed directly with water and ingested. Another common way, especially for patented TCM formulas, is via tablets, known as "wan" or 丸. Where not indicated otherwise, the formulas are meant for aqueous extraction (boiling). The dosages indicated refer to relative weights, and there may be rounding errors in converting qian/liang (in the Chinese weights system) to grams. As a host of variables are involved in a correct diagnosis, only a qualified physician may prescribe a formula for any particular individual. Hence the formulas should not be used for self-prescription.

• Korean Heart Blood-Deficiency Formula, Cheonwangbosimdan(天王補心丹)

桔梗 {18.75 g}, 丹蔘 {18.75 g}, 當歸 {37.5 g}, 麥門冬 {37.5 g}, 柏子仁 {37.5 g}, 茯苓 {18.75 g}, 酸棗仁 {37.5 g}, 生地黃 {150 g}, 五味子 {37.5 g}, 遠志 {18.75 g}, 人蔘 {18.75 g}, 天門冬 {37.5 g}, 玄蔘 {18.75 g}.

• Koso-san. A Japanese Kampo Formula for Depression and Chronic Fatigue Symptoms

Cyperi rhizoma {4.0 g}, Perillae herba {2.0 g}, Aurantii nobilis pericarpium {3.0 g}, Glycyrrhizae radix {2.0 g}, Zingiberis rhizoma {0.5 g}.

• Heart Dissipation/Clearing Formula

dan shen 丹参 {24 g}, hong hua 红花 {10 g}, chuan xiong 川芎 {12 g}, dang gui 当归 {10 g}, chi shao 赤芍 {10 g}, yu jin 郁金 {10 g}, jiang xiang 降香 {10 g}, ju pi 陈皮 {12 g}.

• Chronic Fatigue Formula (to reduce damp-heat, aching muscles)

黄莲 3g, 厚朴 3g, 栀子 9g, 淡豆豉 9g, 石菖蒲 3g, 半夏 3g, 芦根 15g.

• Cold-Damp Formula (benefits liver)

nan sha shen 南沙参 {20 g}, mai men dong 麦门冬 {10 g}, tian hua fen 天花粉 {30 g}, cang shu 苍术 {10 g}, sheng di huang 生地黄 {30 g}, huang qi 黄芪 {6 g}, ge gen 葛根 {10 g}, xuan shen 玄参 {30 g}: Xianmin-Pg46.

• Clarify Throat and Lung Formula

生地黄 12g, 玄参 9g, 麦冬 6g, 白芍 6g, 牡丹皮 6g, 川贝母 6g, 薄荷 3g, 甘草 3g.

• Clear Heat and Nourish Yin Formula

青 蒿 6g, 鱉甲 15g, 生地黄 12g, 知母 6g, 牡丹皮 9g.

• Bai Tou Weng Soup (detoxifies bowels)

bai tou weng 白头翁 {9 g}, huang lian 黄莲 {9 g}, huang bai 黄柏 {9 g}, qing pin 秦皮 {9 g}

• Little Green Dragon Soup (cold/phlegm)

ma huang 麻黄 {12 g}, gui zhi 桂枝 {9 g}, gan jiang 乾姜 {9 g}, xi xin 细辛 {9 g}, wu wei zi 五味子 {9 g}, bai shao 白芍 {9 g}, ban xia 半夏 {9 g}, gan cao 甘草 {9 g}

• Jade Female Formula (benefits yin)

tian men dong 天门冬 {20 g}, nan sha shen 南沙参 {12 g}, mai men dong 麦门冬 {10 g}, huang jing 黄精 {10 g}, gou qi zi 枸杞子 {10 g}, nu zhen zi 女贞子{10 g}, han lian cao 旱莲草 {6 g}, bie jia 鱉甲 {10 g}, gui ban 龟板 {10 g}.

• Xue Fu Zhu Yu Soup (evening tidal fever and mood swings)

tao ren 桃仁 {12 g}, hong hua 红花 {9 g}, dang gui 当归 {9 g}, chuan xiong 川芎 {6 g}, chi shao 赤芍 {6 g}, niu xi 牛膝 {9 g}, chai hu 柴胡 {3 g}, jie geng 桔梗 {6 g}, zhe ke 枳壳 {6 g}, sheng di huang 生地黄 {9 g}, ga cao 甘草 {3 g}.

• Xiao Yao Powder (benefits liver, spleen and blood)

chai hu 柴胡 {30 g}, dang gui 当归 {30 g}, bai shao 白芍 {30 g}, bai zhu 白朮 {30 g}, fu ling 伏苓 {30 g}, gan cao 甘草 {30 g}, (ingested in 10g doses in a ginger and mint aqueous extract/solution)

• Kidney Essence Formula

zi he che 紫河车 {1 ea}, shu di huang 熟地黄 {60 g}, sheng di huang 生地黄 {45 g}, gou qi zi 枸杞子 {45 g}, tian men dong 天门冬 {20 g}, wu wei zi 五味子 {20 g}, dang gui 当归 {20 g}, niu xi 牛膝 {20 g}, du zhong 杜仲 {30 g}, suo yang 锁阳 {20 g}, rou cong rong 肉苁蓉 {20 g}, huang bo 黄柏 {20 g}: Giovanni Maciocia:Page 498.

• Liver-Kidney Formula

dang shen 党参 {12g}, shu di huang 熟地黄 {12g}, shan yao 山药 {12g}, shan zhu yu 山茱萸 {9g}, yuan zhi 远志 {3g}, tu Si Zi 吐丝子 {9g}, xu duan 续断 {9g}, wu wei zhi 五味子 {3g}, zhi gan cao 甘草 {6g}

• Alleviate Asthma

(1) Perilla Frutescens, Prunus Armeniaca, Glycyrrhiza Uralensis, Scutellaria Baicalensis, Coptis Chinesis, Tusilago Farfara, Stemona Sessilifolia, Fritillaria Cirrhosa, Pheretima Aspergillum, Psoralaea Corylifolia, Codonopsis Pilosula, Hordeum Vulgara, Massa Fermentata Medicalis, Schisandra Chinesis, and Gypsum. United States Patent 7255884

(2) Ma Huang, Xing Ren , Gan Cao, Huang Qin , Huang Lian , Huang Bai , Kuan Dong Hua , Bai Bu, Chuan Bei Mu (or Bei Mu) , Di Long, Bu Gu Zhi , Dang Shen , Shan Zha , Mai Ya , Shen Qu , Wu Wei Zi , Shi Gao, Su Zi, Zi Wan , Bai Shao, Jin Yin Hua, Lian Qiao, Jing Jie , Huang Qi , Fang Feng.

Ref: http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/7255884/description.html

• Dia Da (Impact Injuries)

The term "Dia-Da" literally means "Fall-Hit" in Mandarin. The Cantonese equivalent is Dit_da_jow which alludes to the "wine" ("jow") or alcohol used to treat this form of injury. This term is a graphic way to describe impact injuries, namely injuries that probably result from falling down or being hit by something. In modern living, these injuries could conceivably be the result of colliding with a vehicle, or being hit by a ball, racket, stick or bat.

Main Function of Herb Group	Herb Names
Anti-rheumatic herbs	Du Huo, Qin Jiao, Wei Ling Xian
Herbs to stop bleeding	San Qi, Pu Huang
Herbs to promote blood circulation	Ru Xiang, Mo Yao, Xue Jie

• Herbs Used in Formulas for Diabetes

Herbs that are frequently used in TCM formulas in the treatment of diabetes include:

Radix Astragali seu Hedysari , Radix Rehmanniae and Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata , Radix Trichosanthis , Radix Puerariae , Radix Ginseng , Radix Panacis Quinquefolii , Rhizoma Polygonati , Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati , Fructus Coini , Hirudo , Rhizoma Coptidis , Fructus Lycii and Cortex Lycii Radicis , Poria , Rhizoma Atractylodis , Rhizoma Anemarrhenae , Radix Ophiopogonis , Fructus Ligustri Lucidi , Fructus Mori, Folium Mori and Cortex Mori Radicis , Fructus Schisandrae , Gynostemmae Herba , Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae , Rhizoma Phragmitis , Rhizoma Alismatis , Semen Cuscutae , Herba Epimedii , Radix Clematidis , Radix Notoginseng , Herba Dendrobii , Concha Ostreae , Radix Lithospermi , Radix Aconiti and Radix Aconiti Praeparata , Radix Acanthopanacis Senticosi , Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Paeoniae Alba , Radix et Rhizoma Rhei , Rhizoma Pinelliae , Radix Polygalae , Fructus Hordei Germinatus , Cortex Phellodendri , Fructus Arctii , Fructus Xanthii , Bombyx Batryticatus , Gecko , Radix Stephaniae Tetradrae , Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidate , Radix Platycodi , Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae , Radix Scrophulariae , Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong , Radix Angelicae Sinensis , Fructus Balsampear , Rhizoma Dioscoreae , Stigma Maydis , Semen Fagopyri Cymosi , Semen Litchi , Pericarpium Granati , Semen Coicis , Allii Sativi Bulbus , Allii Cepa Bulbus , Radix Asparragi Officinalis , Cordyceps , Ganoderma Lucidum seu Japonicum , Tremellae, Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult (Asclepiadaceae) , Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Leguminosae) , Prunella vulgaris L. (Labiatae) , Ephedra sinica Stapf., and Ephedra distachya L. (Ephedraceae) , Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (Rosaceae) , Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher (Solanaceae) , Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Apocynaceae) , Stevia rebaudina (Bert.) Hemsl. (Compositae) , Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) , Aralia elta (Miq.) Seem. and Aralia decaisneana Hance (Araliaceae) , Caesalpinia sappan L. (Leguminosae) , Rhodiola sachalinensis A. (Crassulaceae) , Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae) , Amorphophallus spp. (Araceae) , Oenothera erythrosepala Borb. (Oangraceae) , Tribuluks terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae) , Euonyrnus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. (Celastraceae) , Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaeaceae).

Herb Patents

Some herb patents that contain the herb Glycyrrhiza Uralensis (Licorice, Liquorice, gan cao, 甘草):

US Patent	Patent Name
7416747	Herbal composition for treatment of neurodegeneration and neuronal dysfunction
7118767	Pharmaceutical composition for increasing the production of nitric oxide and IFN-?, and process for preparation thereof
7025993	Herbal composition PHY906 and its use in chemotherapy
6911221	Anti-neoplastic drug
6503542	Herbal compositions for treating immunological disorders (rheumatoid arthritis)
6641846	Pharmaceutical composition against type I allergy and the preparation thereof
5466452	Pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of skin disorders
6039954	Herbal compositions for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders
5411733	Antiviral agent containing crude drug
6426098	Herbal compositions for hepatic disorders
6350476	Herbal chinese joint complex
6358540	Herbal composition for treatment of tinnitus
5908628	Compositions with analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory properties
5609875	Skin whitening composition
5589182	Compositions and method of treating cardio-, cerebro-vascular and alzheimer's diseases and depression
4639466	3',6-diisopentenyl-2',4'-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-isoflavan and related compounds useful as anxiolytic agents and avermectin antidotes
4618495	Preparation for reducing cancer symptoms without treating cancer
4613591	Adminiculum for antitumor agents
6103240	Herbal sweetening and preservative composition comprising licorice extract and mogrosides obtained from plants belonging to cucurbitaceae and/or momordica
6093403	Sugar imbalance and diabetes treating herbal formulation
4501734	Promotion of absorption of drugs administered through the alimentary system
6319523	Composition and method for inhibiting oral bacteria
4528192	Process for preparing an antitoxic composition
6521269	Compositions and methods for enhancing therapeutic effects
6395311	Multicomponent biological vehicle
7083811	Herbal composition for the prevention and treatment of dementia
5744138	Process for separating organogermanium compounds and inorganogermanium compounds from a germanium-containing pharmaceutical plant or its processed products
6280751	Essential oil composition
7452557	Preventive or therapeutic agent for pollen allergy, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, asthma or urticaria, or health food for prevention or improvement or reduction of symptoms thereof
5942233	Herbal composition for stimulating blood circulation
5985935	Treatment and prophylaxis of diseases caused by parasites, or bacteria
6576267	Composition and method for treating the effects of diseases and maladies
6630176	Herbal remedies for treating allergies and asthma
5874084	Using complex herbal formulations to treat hot flashes
5773004	Compositions for curing diabetes mellitus, processes for the preparation of same, and usage of same
6455078	Medicinal herbal composition for treating liver diseases and HIV
6068845	Inhibition of abnormal accumulation of extra-cellular matrices
5891440	Phytoestrogen supplement prepared from pomegranate seeds and a herbal mixture or coconut milk
7078064	Compositions and methods useful for treating and preventing chronic liver disease, chronic HCV infection and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
5770217	Dietary supplement for hematological, immune and appetite enhancement
6872709	Therapeutic agent for mastitis of livestock and method for treating mastitis using the same agent
5837257	Use of plant extracts for treatment of HIV, HCV and HBV infections
6432455	Symptomatic relief of allergic reactions
6083512	Multicomponent clostridial vaccines using saponin adjuvants
4537763	Products sweetened with ?-glycosyl glycyrrhizin
6652891	Co-enzyme Q10 dietary supplement
6685973	Method for inhibiting 15-lipoxygenase with fermented Glycine max (L.) extract
5882672	Crude drug-containing feed
6986906	Cranberry based dietary supplement and dental hygiene product
6989278	Method of identifying therapeutic compounds for a treatment of hepatic disorders
7147876	Compositions for removal of toxins
6123946	Hygienic bag and preparation thereof
4898890	Medicines for use in the therapy and prevention of kidney and liver diseases
6603046	Bis-aromatic a,ଲ-unsaturated ketones
6713091	Composition for lowering the concentration of alcohol in blood containing extracts of pepino and method for producing the same
7384654	Anti-Allergy composition and related method

Ref: http://www.patentstorm.us/ and http://www.freepatentsonline.com/

• Patent Title: COMPOSITIONS FOR SUPPRESSING OBESITY
  • Patent number: WO2008146955 (A1)
  • Source: European Patent Database
  • Herbs used: Herba Ephedrae and Thallus Laminariae seu Eckloniae, or comprising Herba Ephedrae, Thallus Laminariae seu Eckloniae and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.

Praeparatum

TCM suppliers may "prepare" herbs to bring out different or enhanced properties:

1. Chao 炒 Dry-fried
2. Zhi 炙 Honey-fried
3. Jiu (Wine or Alcohol)
   1. Jiu Chao 酒炒 Wine Fried (Fried in Alcohol)
   2. Jiu Zhi 酒炙 Wine Treated (Pre-soaked in alcohol and dried)
4. Tan 炭 Charred
5. Xian 鲜 Fresh (or raw)
6. Duan 煅 Calcined (heated to oxidise or reduce to calx)
7. Herb extracts. These may be in liquid or powder form, and may include the use of high temperatures (110-150° C) and pressures (3.50 kgf/cm2) over a period of days using different solvents, including vinegar.

-Examples of herbs that may be dry-fried: Chao Huang Bai 炒黄柏, Chao Shen Qu 炒神曲, Chao Mai Ya 炒麦芽, Chao Bai Zhu 炒白朮.

-An example of a herb that may be honey-fried: Zhi Gan Cao 炙甘草.

-Examples of herbs that may be fried in alcohol: Jiu Chao Zhi Mu 酒炒知母, Jiu Chao Huang Bai 酒炒黄柏, Jiu Chao Huang Lian 酒炒黄莲, Jiu Chao Huang Qi 酒炒黄耆, Jiu Chao Che Qian Zi 酒炒车前子, Jiu Chao Bai Shao 酒炒白芍, Jiu Gui Ban 酒龟板.

-An example of a herb that may be pre-soaked in alcohol: Jiu Zhi Da Huang 酒炙大黄.

-An example of a herb that may be charred: Xue Yu Tan 血餘炭.

-Herbs that may be specified as fresh (not dried) in a formula include: Xian Jin Yin Hua 鲜金银花

-Typically, the following may be calcined: Duan Mu Li 煅牡蠣, Duan Long Gu 煅龙骨, Duan Meng Shi 煅礞石, Duan Ci Shi 煅磁石, Duan Gui Ban 煅龟板.

Note: In TCM texts, "Wine" or "Jiu" does not usually refer to alcoholic drinks made from grapes. It may refer to solutions with a high alcohol content exceeding 40% of total volume, as some Chinese Wines, such as Kao Liang Jiu, has up to 60% alcohol content. In TCM terminology, "Jiu" is frequently translated as "Wine", although it is probably more accurate to translate it as "Alcohol", since it can refer to alcohol from any source, including rice, millet and sorghum.

Herbs with Anti-Oxidant Capacity

Herbs with some anti-oxidant capacity include the following (English Name - Latin Name):

Herb Group/ Family	Herb Names
Moraceae	Mulberry Leaf - Folium mori , Mulberry Fruit - Fructus mori , Hemp Fruit - Fructus cannabis .
Nymphaeales	Lotus Seed - Semen nelumbinis, Lotus Leaf - Folium nelumbinis , Gordon Euryale Seed - Semen euryales .
Rosaceae	Hawthorn Fruit - Fructus crataegi , Bitter Apricot Seed - Semen armeniacae amarum , Peach Kernel - Semen persicae, Dark Plum Fruit - Fructus mume, Chinese Flowering Quince Fruit - Fructus chaenomelis , Chinese Dwarf Cherry Seed - Semen pruni , Chinese Raspberry - Fructus rubi.
Leguminosae	Cassia Seed - Semen cassiae , Pagodatree Flower - Flos sophorae , White Hyacinth Bean - Semen lablab album , Adzuki Bean - Semen phaseoli , Fermented Soybean - Semen sojae preparatum , Kudzu Root - Radix puerariae , Liquoric Root - Radix glycyrrhizae.
Lutaceae	Finger Citron fruit - Fructus citri sarcodactylis , Pricklyash Peel - Fructus zanthoxyli , Citron Fruit - Fructus citri , Tangerine Peel - Pericarpium citri reticulatae , Red Tangerine Peel - Exocarpium citri rubrum.
Rhamnaceae	Chinese Date - Fructus jujubae, Spina Date Seed - Semen ziziphi spinosae, Raisin Tree Seed - Semen hoveniae .
Myrtales	Clove - Flos syzygii aromatic.
Umbelliferae	Dahurian Angelica Root - Radix angelicae dahuricae, Fennel - Fructus foeniculi .
Lamiaceae	Wrinkled Gianthyssop Herb - Herba agastaches, Perilla Leaf - Folium perillae , Peppermint - Herba menthae , Haichow Elsholtzia Herb - Herba moslae .
Solanaceae	Barbary Wolfberry Fruit - Fructus lycii.
Rubiaceae	Cape Jasmine Fruit - Fructus gardeniae .
Caprifoliaceae	Honeysuckle Flower - Flos lonicerae .
Cucurbitaceae	Grosvenor Momordica Fruit - Fructus siraitiae grosvenorii .
Asteraceae	Chrysanthemum - Flos chrysanthemi, Dandelion Herb - Herba taraxaci , Common Cephalanoplos Herb - Herba cephalanoploris.
Gramineae	Lalang Grass Rhizome - Rhizoma imperatae , Reed Rhizome - Rhizoma phragmitis , Coix Seed - Semen coicis , Bamboo leaves - Herba lophatheri , Malt - Fructus hordei germinatus .
Liliaceae	Greenish Lily Bulb - Bulbus lilii , Fragrant Solomonseal Rhizome - Rhizoma polygonati odorati , King Solomonseal Rhizome - Rhizoma polygonati, Longstamen Onion Bulb - Bulbus allii macrostemi .
Doiscoreaceae	Common Yam Rhizome - Rhizoma diosscoreae .
Zingiberaceae	Ginger - Rhizoma zingiberis recens, Sharpleaf Galangal Fruit - Fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae , Lesser Galangal Rhizome - Rhizoma alpiniae officinarum , Villous Amomum Fruit - Fructus amomi .
Ginkgoaceae	Ginkgo Seed - Semen gingko.
Campanulceae	Platycodon Root - Radix platycodi.
Sapindaceae	Dried Longan Pulp - Arillus longan .
Pedaliaceae	Black Sesame - Semen sesami nigrum.
Piperaceae	Black Pepper - Piper nigrum .
Sterculiaceae	Boat-fruited Scaphium Seed - Semen scaphii lychnophori .
Myristicaceae	Nutmeg - Semen myristicae .
Magnoliaceae	Chinese Star Anise - Fructus anisi stellati.
Portulacaceae	Parslane Herb - Herba portulacae .
Burseraceae	Chinese White Olive - Fructus canarii .
Saururaceae	Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb - Herba houttuyniae .
Taxaceae	Grand Torreya Seed - Semen torreyae .

Herbs with Anti-Tumor Capacity

Herbs with some capacity to inhibit human tumour cell growth include:

1. Psoralea corylifolia,
2. Euphorbia grandidens,
3. Dianthus sinensis,
4. Phytolacca polyandra,
5. Sophora flavescens,
6. Cephalotaxus fortunei,
7. Polygonatum odoratum,
8. Coptis chinensis,
9. Ganoderma lucidum
10. Terminalia chebula,
11. Atropa belladonna,
12. Euphorbia grandicorni,
13. Euphorbia latea.

Herbs with Anti-Cancer Capacity

Six groups of herbs with some capacity to help prevent or treat cancers are:

Group 1: Sophora tonkinensis (Sophora subprostrata), Belamcanda chinensis, Scrophularia ningpoensis, Isatis tinctoria, Isatis indigotica, Baphicacanthus cusia;

Group 2: Polygonum bistorta, Polygonum lapidosum, Polygonum viviparum, Polygonum manshuriense, Polygonum alopecuroides, Polygonum sphaerostachyum, Andrographis paniculata, Taraxacum mongolicum, Chrysanthemun indicum;

Group 3: Prunella vulgaris, Artemissia capillaris, Gardenia jasminoides, Rosa rugosa, Lophatherum gracile;

Group 4: Sonchus brachyotus, Patrinia scabiosaefolia, Patrinia villosa, Sonchus arvensis, Thlaspi arvense, Portulaca oleracea, Pulsatilla chinensis;

Group 5: Dictamnus dasycarpus, Kochia scoparia, Sophora flavescens, Heydyotis diffusa;

Group 6: Dioscorea bulbifera, Panax notoginseng, Bletilla striata, Nelumbo nucifera, Polygonum bistorta, Cephalanoplos segetum, Cirsium japonicum, Sophora japonica, Typha angustifolia, Rubia cordifolia;

Herbs for Hyperlipidemia and Angina Pectoris

Herbs used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and angina pectoris include:

Allium thumbergii, Trichosanthis semen, Angelicae gigantis radix, Salviae radix, Cinnamomi ramulus, Curcumae tuber, Paeoniae rubrae radix, Pinelliae rhizoma.

Herbs for Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer's diseases and Depression

Herbs used in the treatment of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and alzheimer's diseases and depression include:

Asparagus cochinchinensis, Ophiopogon japonicus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Angelica aeutiloba kitagawa, Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz, Poria cocos wolf, Schizandra chinensis, Biota orientalis, Pueraria pseudo-hirsuta, Panax ginseng, Codonopsis pilosula, Scrophularia ningpoensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Panax pseudo-ginseng, Ganoderma japonicum, Coptis chinensis, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Phellodendron amurense.

Meanings of Terms

1. The meanings of some Latin/pharmaceutical terms as used in herb names:
   1. Bulbus - bulb
   2. Caulis - stem
   3. Colla - animal glue
   4. Concha - shell
   5. Cornu - animal horn
   6. Corrii - animal hide
   7. Cortex - bark
   8. Cum - with
   9. Degelatinum - degelatinated fragments
   10. Et - and
   11. Exocarpium - outer bark
   12. Extractae - extract
   13. Fermentata - fermented
   14. Flos - flower
   15. Folium - leaf
   16. Fructus - fruit
   17. Gelatina, Gelatinum - gelatin
   18. Herba - leaves and stems
   19. Lignum - woody parts
   20. Os - bone
   21. Pericarpium - seed husk
   22. Praeparata - prepared
   23. Pulvis - powder
   24. Radix - root
   25. Recens - raw
   26. Resinae - resin
   27. Ramus - branch
   28. Ramulus - twig
   29. Rhizoma - rhizome
   30. Semen - seed
   31. Seu - or
   32. Spora - spore
   33. Spp. - species
2. The terms used in this article reflect typical TCM usage (as translated literally from individual Chinese characters), and may not reflect their meanings in TCM, namely, meanings that are normative, figurative or metaphorical when read in context. The meanings of these terms are therefore different from that in common English usage. In particular, they are not to be used for purposes of self-diagnosis, much less for self-medication. For example, "Xia Huo" means "To reduce fire", but "fire" here does not refer to combustion involving oxygen. Even within TCM, there are various meanings of "fire", and it can refer to "real" or "false" fire. The 3 herbs mentioned above cannot be used to reduce "false fire", or fires of yin deficiency in the zhang organs.
3. An example of the non-literal use of transliterated characters is "long gu" which literally means "dragon bones". This term cannot possibly refer to Chinese or other dragons, since they do not exist. However, one can easily buy "long gu" from any TCM pharmacy. Another term that cannot be taken literally is "di long" which literally means "earth dragon".
4. Although the above herbs are common in TCM prescriptions, they cannot be purchased if we refer only to their Latin names. One likely reason is that TCM pharmacists rarely, if ever, use the Latin names of the herbs. The Chinese names, or the transliterated names (pinyin) should be used instead. For example, if we ask for "flos Lonicerae" we will almost certainly get a blank look. However, if we ask for "jin yin hua" or 金银花 we will connect immediately, even though the pharmacist may speak any of the large number of Chinese dialects (such as Cantonese, where the herb is known as "kum gen fa", or Golden Silver Flower, in Hong Kong). Wherever possible, use the written form (金银花) to avoid miscommunication and/or mis-pronunciation, since there is no dialect form of the written language.
5. There are a large number of synonyms of the herb names, in both Chinese, English and Latin. This makes it even more essential to use the written form of the Chinese names to ensure accuracy. For example, in a number of websites, "dong quai", "tang-kuei", "teng-kui" and "dang gui" are treated as different herbs, when in fact they refer to the same herb transliterated differently. "Dong quai" is the Cantonese form of "tang-kui" which, in proper pinyin, should be spelt as "dang qui", and "teng-kui" is simply a typographical error transmitted and repeated in cyberspace.
6. Some herbs are prone to adulteration, substitution, or both. For example, Ling Zhi Cao (Cordyceps) can be substituted with an inactive form of the herb. If an extract is first made with water, the herb will be tasteless when dried and re-used/recycled. On the other hand, the genuine Ling Zhi tastes bitter, but few consumers would know the difference, especially if the herb is mixed in a prescription and boiled together with other herbs. The pharmacists themselves may not be aware, as some may trust their suppliers implicitly, and do not conduct regular testing. (Ref: Yoe-Ray K., Yuan-Shiun C., Kuo-Ching W., Li-Kang H., "Analysis and confirmation of synthetic anorexics in adulterated traditional Chinese medicines by high-performance capillary electrophoresis", Journal of Chromatography A, 848(1-2):537-543, 2 July 1999.)
7. Animal-based "herbs" are prone to substitution or adulteration, including "xiong dan" (bear bile / gall bladder) which looks very much like "niu dan" (bovine bile /gall bladder) when the gall bladder is dried, although "niu dan" is far less bitter in taste. Some are simply unavailable because they are banned in many countries. These include tiger parts, such as "hu gu" (tiger bone) which is substituted by bobcat bone, and "chuan san jia" (scales of the pangolin) which has no animal-based substitute. "Niu huang (bovine gallstone) is unavailable in many Western countries and Singapore because of its potential impact on pregnant women, although "niu huang" pills with about 2% of "niu huang" are available in many Asian countries.
8. Some herb names may be identical in the pinyin form but can be very different in their Chinese or Latin forms. An example is "da ji" which refers to two entirely different herbs with different applications. One reason is that many Chinese words have the same pronunciation, but have different meanings, and refer to different written characters. Some Chinese pharmacists will insist on the written form as a standard procedure to reduce prescription errors. If the written form is not sufficiently clear (eg. specifying how the herb is to be prepared), they will ask to speak to the TCM doctor.
9. Alternative names (synonyms) are put in brackets. For example, "mo han lian" is sometimes called "han lian cao", so the Chinese names are 墨旱莲, (旱莲草). As some herbs have a large number of synonyms, only very common ones are listed above. Furthermore, variants of the herbs are not listed. For example, there are many types of ginseng, such as Korean Ginseng ("kao li shen", a prepared form of ginseng), American Ginseng ("xi yang shen" or "yang shen"), etc, and these are not listed above. Some "synonyms" may result from the different ways in which the terms are translated. For example, 羌活 may be transliterated as "jiang huo" or "qiang huo" in different texts, so both terms are included to facilitate searching and for easy reference. The purpose of this article is not prescriptive (to standardize the terminology used), but descriptive (to describe what is being used currently).
10. Some "herb" names are used euphemistically, and thus may be misleading. For example, "Seal Testes/Penis" may be called "hai gou shen" (海狗肾) which literally means "Seal Kidney". Although euphemisms are found in some texts, practicing TCM pharmacists may not be familiar with their use.
11. The terms used under "Formulas" reflect the terms used in the source text (book). For example, in the "Heart Dissipation Formula", pericarpium Citri Reticulatae is called 陈皮 (literally "old skin") in the text, whereas other texts refer to it as 橘皮 (tangerine skin).

References

1. Patent Search [2]
2. Patent Scope: World Intellectual Property Organization [3]
3. European Patent Office [4] [5]
4. United States Patent and Trademark Office [6]
5. US Patent Search [7] [8] [9]
6. Journal of Chinese Medicine [10]
7. TCMcollege.com [11]
8. SacredLotus.com [12]
9. AlternativeHealing.org [13]
10. TCM.Health-Info.org [14]
11. Mamaherb.com [15]
12. USpharmacist.com [16]
13. Springerlink.com [17]
14. National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubMed [18]
15. ECDYsteriods [19]
16. Institute of Traditional Medicine [20]
17. Herbs & Formulas [21]
18. Chinese Herb Names in Fanti (Traditional Chinese) [22]
19. Chinese Herb Names in Pinyin (transliteration) [23]
20. Herbasin herb names [24]
21. Japanese Kampo Medicines, Kampo herb list, Kampo list of Formulas
22. Indian Ayurveda Remedies [25]
23. List of herbs and minerals in Ayurveda
24. TCM Materia Medica Journal [26]
25. Common Herbs [27] and Uncommon Herbs[28] in Chinese and English
26. Learner's Chinese Medicine Dictionary [29]
27. Pharmcast.com [30]
28. Formula Names [31]

Translation/transliteration of herb names

Audio dictionary [32]

Comprehensive Korean/English/Chinese herb names [33]

Wiktionary [34]

Babelfish [35]

Chinese dictionary [36] and English-Chinese usage [37]

Creative Commons CEDICT Project for English-Chinese Translation [38]

Translation between traditional Chinese terms (fanti) and simplified Chinese terms (jianti) [39]

Combination (multi-character) Chinese Terms [40]

Chinese radical index [41]

Chinese radicals and strokes index [42]

Chinese Tools [43]

Pinyin (Pīnyīn,拼音) Online Tools [44]

Category:Traditional Chinese medicine Cottonball (talk) 02:36, 20 May 2009 (UTC)