Jump to content

Mobil: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Moved history to History of ExxonMobil
→‎History: blurb for history
Line 44: Line 44:
Following the break-up of [[Standard Oil]] in 1911, the "Standard Oil Company of New York" (or 'Socony') was founded, along with 33 other successor companies.
Following the break-up of [[Standard Oil]] in 1911, the "Standard Oil Company of New York" (or 'Socony') was founded, along with 33 other successor companies.


In 1998, Mobil and Exxon agreed on a merger to create [[ExxonMobil]], which was completed on November 30, 1999. Lou Noto was Mobil's chairman at the time of the merger, and [[Walter Arnheim]] was treasurer.<ref name="Myerson">{{cite news | last = Myerson | first = Allen R. | title = The Lion and the Moose - How 2 Executives Pulled off the Biggest Merger Ever | newspaper = [[The New York Times]] | date = 4 December 1998 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/04/business/the-lion-and-the-moose-how-2-executives-pulled-off-the-biggest-merger-ever.html?pagewanted=all | access-date = 24 July 2010 | archive-date = 28 March 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140328094952/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/04/business/the-lion-and-the-moose-how-2-executives-pulled-off-the-biggest-merger-ever.html?pagewanted=all | url-status = live }}</ref>
In 1998, Mobil and Exxon agreed on a merger to create [[ExxonMobil]], which was completed on November 30, 1999. The technicalities of the merger showed that Exxon bought Mobil, and Mobil shareholders received a payment of stock in Exxon.<ref name="Myerson">{{cite news | last = Myerson | first = Allen R. | title = The Lion and the Moose - How 2 Executives Pulled off the Biggest Merger Ever | newspaper = [[The New York Times]] | date = 4 December 1998 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/04/business/the-lion-and-the-moose-how-2-executives-pulled-off-the-biggest-merger-ever.html?pagewanted=all | access-date = 24 July 2010 | archive-date = 28 March 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140328094952/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/04/business/the-lion-and-the-moose-how-2-executives-pulled-off-the-biggest-merger-ever.html?pagewanted=all | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Kumar |first=B. Rajesh |title=ExxonMobil Merger |date=2019 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02363-8_9 |work=Wealth Creation in the World’s Largest Mergers and Acquisitions: Integrated Case Studies |pages=101–109 |editor-last=Kumar |editor-first=B. Rajesh |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-02363-8_9 |isbn=978-3-030-02363-8 |access-date=2022-09-15}}</ref>


==Brands==
==Brands==

Revision as of 04:35, 15 September 2022

Not to be confused with Mobli or Mobile (disambiguation).
This article is about the company. For the racehorse, see Mobil (horse).
Mobil
Formerly
  • Standard Oil Company of New York (1911–31)
  • Socony-Vacuum Oil Co. (1931–63)
  • Mobil (1963–99)
Company type
PredecessorStandard Oil
Founded1911; 113 years ago (1911) (as "Standard Oil Company of New York")
FateCompany merged with Exxon to form ExxonMobil in 1999, becoming a brand
SuccessorExxonMobil
Area served
Worldwide
ProductsGasoline, convenience store
Some locations:
Car wash, repair shop
Brands
  • Mobilgas
  • Mobiloil
  • Mobilubricant
OwnerExxonMobil
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.mobil.com

Mobil Corporation (originally Standard Oil Company of New York and then Socony-Vacuum Oil Company) was an American oil company that merged with Exxon in 1999 to form ExxonMobil. Prior to its merger with Exxon, Mobil was one of the Seven Sisters that dominated the global petroleum industry from the mid-1940s until the 1970s. As one of the 34 original companies to descend from the breakup of Standard Oil, Mobil was originally known as the Standard Oil Company of New York (Socony). Mobil credits itself with being the first company to introduce paying at the pump at its gas stations, as well as the first company to introduce a mobile payment device, today known as Speedpass.[1]

Today, Mobil continues as a brand name within the combined company, as well as still being a gas station sometimes paired with its own store or On the Run. Mobil's brand name is primarily used to market motor oils, such as Mobil 1. The former Mobil headquarters in Fairfax County, Virginia, was used as ExxonMobil's downstream headquarters[2] until 2015 when ExxonMobil consolidated employees into a new corporate campus in Spring, Texas.[3]

History

Main article: History of ExxonMobil

Following the break-up of Standard Oil in 1911, the "Standard Oil Company of New York" (or 'Socony') was founded, along with 33 other successor companies.

In 1998, Mobil and Exxon agreed on a merger to create ExxonMobil, which was completed on November 30, 1999. The technicalities of the merger showed that Exxon bought Mobil, and Mobil shareholders received a payment of stock in Exxon.[4][5]

Brands

Map of Mobil stores in the continental United States

Mobil continues to operate as a major brandname of ExxonMobil within the ExxonMobil Fuels, Lubricants & Specialties division.[6] Many of its products feature the Mobil symbol of a winged red horse, Pegasus, which has been a company trademark since its affiliation with Magnolia Petroleum Company in the 1930s.

The Mobil brand now mainly covers a wide range of automotive, industrial, aviation and marine lubricants.[7] For historic reasons, the Mobil brand is still used by Mobil service stations and for fuel (gasoline, diesel, heating oil, kerosene, aviation fuels and marine fuel) products.

There are four main Mobil sub-brands:

Mobil Gasoline

A typical Mobil gas station

Mobil is ExxonMobil's primary retail gasoline brand in California, Florida, New York, New England, the Great Lakes and the Midwest. The Mobil brand is also used to market gasoline in Australia, Canada (since 2017), Colombia, Egypt, Guam, Japan (until 2019), Malaysia (until 2012), Mexico (starting about first quarter of 2018), New Zealand, Nigeria and Puerto Rico (since 2022)

The Mobil brand has a significant market presence in the following metropolitan areas:

  • New York metropolitan area (including New Jersey since 2014)
  • Detroit
  • Chicago
  • Los Angeles
  • Minneapolis-St. Paul
  • Boston
  • Buffalo
  • St. Louis
  • Tampa-St. Petersburg
  • Miami-Fort Lauderdale
  • Rochester-Syracuse
  • Orlando
  • Milwaukee
  • Providence
  • Albany
  • Hartford

Mobil stores have made an increased presence in Arizona. Growing in size in the Phoenix area from fewer than 5 stations to over 20. Mobil stores have also made an increased presence in areas of Northwest Oregon and Southwest Washington.

Exxon is the primary brand in the rest of the United States, with the highest concentration of Exxon retail outlets located in New Jersey (both Exxon and Mobil brands are used from 2014), Pennsylvania, Texas (Mobil has a sizeable number of stations in Dallas and Houston), Louisiana (mainly New Orleans as well as Baton Rouge) and in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern states. Esso is ExxonMobil's primary gasoline brand worldwide. Both the Esso and Mobil brands are used in Canada (since 2017),[8] Colombia, Egypt, and formerly Japan and Malaysia, in which the latter were rebranded as Petron in 2013, and ENEOS for the former in 2019, separately. In Esso stations in Hong Kong and Singapore, the Mobil brand is used on fuel tanks, along with Esso.

Mobil 1

Main article: Mobil 1
Mobil 1 motoroil bottle

Mobil 1, the successor to the Mobiloil brand, is a brand name of ExxonMobil. It was introduced in 1974 as a Multi-grade 5W20 viscosity synthetic motor oil. The brand now includes multi-grade motor oils, oil filters, synthetic grease, transmission fluids, and gear lubricants.[9] The Esso and Exxon motor oil brands have largely been discontinued.

Mobil Delvac

Mobil Delvac is a range of heavy-duty lubricants designed for commercial vehicles. The range includes engine oils, transmission fluids, drivetrain lubricants and various greases.[10]

Mobil Industrial

Mobil Industrial is a sub-brand of ExxonMobil for marketing oils and greases used in industrial applications. The main product lines are Mobil SHC synthetic oils and Mobil Grease greases.[11]

Former brands

Discount gasoline stations

Mobil gas station Route 1, Saugus, Massachusetts, night view

Mobil rebranded numerous stations to the Hi-Val, Reelo and Sello discount gasoline brands after major price increases following the 1970s oil crisis made a significant number of consumers extremely price conscious. The stations were converted Mobil stations selling convenience store items in the station lobby, while the service bays were rented to customers for do-it-yourself auto repairs. These brands were discontinued in the 1980s, after the gasoline market had recovered.[12]

Convenience Stores

Mobil expanded the sale of convenience store items first pioneered at its discount gasoline stations under the Mobil Mart brand. Mobil continued to refine and enhance its convenience store offerings with the On-the-Run C-store brand, which proved to be much more popular. On-the-Run was sold to Alimentation Couche-Tard, operator of the Circle K convenience store chain. Some On the Run locations were sold to 7-Eleven.

Mobil Travel Guide

The Mobil Guide was an annual book of hotel and restaurant recommendations based on a system developed by Mobil in 1958. It rated businesses from one to five stars according to their assessed quality. In October 2009, ExxonMobil licensed the brand to Forbes magazine, which retitled the guide's various designations, e.g., Forbes Travel Guide, Forbes Five Stars, and so on. Forbes launched revised versions of various guides in late 2009.[13][14]

Mobil outside of the United States

Mobil UK

Vacuum Oil Company started selling lubricating oils in Europe in the late 19th century. By the 1930s its Mobiloil had become one of the main brands. Mobil gradually expanded its operation into fuels retailing as well, and opened its first UK service stations in the early 1950s, after the wartime POOL monopoly was disbanded. Mobil grew to become the seventh largest brand of petrol in Britain, supplying 1,990 outlets in 1965, and claimed in the mid-1960s to be the first company to operate 100 self-service stations. As well as its downstream interests, Mobil was active in the North Sea and operated an oil refinery in Coryton (opened in 1953), on the Thames estuary. In 1996, Mobil's fuels operations in Europe were placed into a joint venture 70% owned by BP, and the Mobil brand disappeared from service stations. Mobil continued to sell lubricants through BP and independent service stations. Following Mobil's merger with Exxon, at the start of 2000 BP acquired all the petrol retailing assets as well as the Coryton refinery (but sold it to Petroplus in 2007). Mobil returned to being purely a lubricant brand in Europe, and became the premium quality oil on sale at Esso service stations.

Mobil Australia

A preserved ex-South Australian Railways tank wagon in Plume brand livery. Plume was then replaced by Mobilgas

The Vacuum Oil Company began operating in Australia in 1895, introducing its Plume brand of petrol in 1916. The Flying Red Horse (Pegasus) logo was introduced in 1939, and in 1954, the Plume brand was replaced by Mobilgas.

Mobil Australia's corporate office is in Melbourne. In 1946, Mobil began construction of its refinery at Altona, in Melbourne's western suburbs, which originally produced lubricating oils and bitumen, before commencing the production of motor vehicle fuels in 1956. A second refinery at Port Stanvac, south of Adelaide, came on-stream in 1963, but was closed in 2003.[15] Mobil commenced removal of the refinery in July 2009, together with site remediation works.[16]

Mobil station and McDonald's restaurant in Leeton

In 1990, Mobil acquired the service station network of Esso Australia. On 27 May 2009, Caltex Australia announced it would be acquiring 302 Mobil service stations in Melbourne, Brisbane, Sydney and Adelaide, subject to approval of the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC).[17] The ACCC subsequently announced its opposition to the takeover, citing the likelihood of increased fuel prices due to diminished competition.[18]

On 27 May 2010, 7-Eleven announced that it had acquired Mobil's entire Australian network of 295 service stations, with fuel still to be supplied by Mobil. At the same time, it was announced that 7-Eleven had sold 29 South Australian service stations to Peregrine Corporation. Peregrine's acquisition saw Mobil's sites in South Australia rebranded to On the Run convenience stores, but they continued to be supplied by Mobil. 7-Eleven store renovations and openings since 2013 have included prominent placement of the Mobil logo (as the advertised fuel supplier), usually underneath the 7-Eleven logo, on main signage as well as on petrol pumps.[19]

Mobil New Zealand

Mobil is the oldest oil company in New Zealand with commercial operations dating back to 1896. It first began operating in New Zealand under the Standard Oil brand name selling kerosene in the 1870s. Early in 1896, Vacuum Oil of New York established a marketing office on Featherston Street in Wellington selling lamp oil and harness grease. It brought with it extensive collective production, marketing and management skills that presented a major advancement in business organisation. The company's unrivaled mineral lubricant products and associated services quickly dominated the market.[20]

Mobil station in New Zealand (1969). The brand was the first oil company to establish there

When New Zealanders began taking to the motorcar in the early twentieth century, Vacuum Oil expanded into the oil refining business. Its marketing network and transportation fleet grew as it extended its range of operation. The company continued to meet New Zealand's fuel needs throughout World War One holding roughly eighty five percent of the market. However, after the war Vacuum Oil began facing very strong competition from a number of multinational oil companies which began setting up operations in New Zealand. Among these competitors was the Atlantic Union Oil Company, another of ExxonMobil's historical companies.

Atlantic Union was bought by the New Jersey-based Standard Oil Company, which would later become Exxon, and its eastern hemisphere interests were merged with those of Socony-Vacuum Oil Company to create the Standard-Vacuum Oil Company. The new company continued operations in New Zealand under both the Vacuum and Atlantic Union brand names.

On November 30, 1999, Exxon Corporation and Mobil Oil Corporation merged with Mobil Oil New Zealand Limited now owned by new entity ExxonMobil. The company currently owns a 17.2 percent share in The New Zealand Refining Company Limited which operates an oil refinery at Marsden Point. It supplies roughly twenty percent of the total fuels market in New Zealand which most of its products sourced from the Marsden Point refinery. Mobil Oil New Zealand Limited operates over one hundred and fifty locations across the country either as Mobil-owned stations or as franchises. It also operates six storage locations across the country maintaining a reputation as a dominant petroleum company in New Zealand.[21] [22][23]

Mobil New Zealand has 167 stores as of 2022, including 68 in Auckland. Its stores included 121 company stores and 46 franchisees.[20]

Mobil Greece

The first Mobil petrol station in Greece opened on March 4, 1955, and by 1970 there were about 100. On 1 March 1999, Mobil closed its remaining petrol stations in Greece.[citation needed]

Mobil in Japan

Mobil station in Japan, 2008

Since the 1960s, Esso and Mobil stations in Japan had been run by Tōnen General Sekiyu, which had a controlling stake owned by ExxonMobil. In 2012, the company bought out much of ExxonMobil's stake, reducing it to a 22% minority. In 2016, ExxonMobil sold the remainder of its stake.[24]

In 2017, the company announced that it would merge with JX Group to form JXTG Holdings, with its petroleum business operating as JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy. Following the merger, it was announced that both the Esso and Mobil brands would be phased out by 2020, and replaced by the Eneos EneJet banner.[25]

Mobil in Canada

A Mobil gas station in Regina, Saskatchewan outside a Real Canadian Superstore.

In April 2017, Loblaw Companies sold its network of 213 gas stations (all of which are attached to its various grocery store locations) to Brookfield Business Partners. Brookfield (operating as BG Fuels)[26] announced that it would license the Mobil brand from ExxonMobil for use on these locations, making them a sister to Imperial Oil's network of Esso-branded gas stations in Canada. As part of the sale agreement, the Mobil stations continue to offer Loblaw's PC Optimum rewards program (which Esso also joined the following year).[27][28]

BG Fuels stated that it would open further Mobil stations beyond the Loblaw properties.[29] BG Fuels later merged with Greenergy, and adopted the new brand Waypoint for convenience stores associated with its fuel properties.[26][30]

Mobil Egypt

In Egypt, ExxonMobil's operations started in 1902, it is known for providing quality lubricants and fuels as well as convenience products. It offers more than 350 service stations, more than 40 Mobil 1 centers and a variety of industrial products, lubrication programs and services. Some stations in Cairo, Alexandria and Giza feature On the Run convenience stores.[31][32]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Our History | Exxon and Mobil". www.exxon.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-07. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  2. ^ "Mobil Corporation". Americancompanies.com. Archived from the original on 2010-09-15. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
  3. ^ "Our Houston campus". Exxonmobil.com. Archived from the original on 2015-10-03. Retrieved 2015-10-01.
  4. ^ Myerson, Allen R. (4 December 1998). "The Lion and the Moose - How 2 Executives Pulled off the Biggest Merger Ever". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
  5. ^ Kumar, B. Rajesh (2019), Kumar, B. Rajesh (ed.), "ExxonMobil Merger", Wealth Creation in the World’s Largest Mergers and Acquisitions: Integrated Case Studies, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 101–109, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02363-8_9, ISBN 978-3-030-02363-8, retrieved 2022-09-15
  6. ^ "ExxonMobil Press Release" (PDF). ExxonMobil.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2012-04-03.
  7. ^ "Lubricants". Mobil.com. Archived from the original on 2017-01-17. Retrieved 2012-04-03.
  8. ^ "Mobil Gas Stations in Canada | Esso". Archived from the original on 2018-04-29. Retrieved 2018-04-29.
  9. ^ "Mobil 1™ and Mobil Super™ motor oil and synthetic motor oil - Mobil™ Motor Oils". Mobiloil.com. Archived from the original on 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2011-05-01.
  10. ^ "Mobil Delvac". ExxonMobil. Archived from the original on 2017-04-21. Retrieved 2017-04-02.
  11. ^ "Mobil Industrial website". MobilIndustrial.com. Archived from the original on 2012-04-13. Retrieved 2012-04-03.
  12. ^ Dr. James B. Delaney and Dr. Robert N. Fenili (May 1980). "The State of Competition in Gasoline Marketing: The Effects of Refiner Operations at Retail". United States Department of Energy. Archived from the original on 2021-09-22. Retrieved 2020-11-17.
  13. ^ "Mobil Travel Guide to become Forbes Travel Guide". Associated Press. 2009-08-04. Archived from the original on 2010-11-14. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  14. ^ Carly Zinderman (2009-12-03). "Hotel Rankings: Forbes Merges with Mobil". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 2009-12-08.
  15. ^ "Jamieson oil industry history". Home.austarnet.com.au. Archived from the original on 2010-09-03. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
  16. ^ "Mobil news". Exxonmobil.com.au. 2009-06-25. Archived from the original on 2011-03-01. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
  17. ^ Durie, John (May 27, 2009). "Caltex pumps for control". The Australian. Archived from the original on June 1, 2009. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
  18. ^ Freed, Jamie, "Watchdog blocks Caltex bid", Sydney Morning Herald, archived from the original on 2009-12-05, retrieved 2009-03-12
  19. ^ "Exxon Mobil sells service station network". The Australian. 27 May 2010. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
  20. ^ a b "Mobil". mobil.co.nz. ExxonMobil.
  21. ^ "Mobil Oil New Zealand Limited is New Zealand's oldest oil company, with predecessor companies having first established a presence in the country in 1896". ExxonMobil. Archived from the original on 2016-08-18. Retrieved 2016-06-27.
  22. ^ "ExxonMobil subsidiaries have a business history in New Zealand stretching back more than 120 years. We are involved in petroleum refining and distribution and the marketing of fuels, lubricants and chemical products". ExxonMobil. Archived from the original on 2016-08-18. Retrieved 2016-06-27.
  23. ^ "Mobil stations | Mobil New Zealand". Archived from the original on 2016-08-13. Retrieved 2016-06-27.
  24. ^ Merced, Michael J. de la (January 29, 2012). "Exxon Mobil to Sell Its Japanese Arm for $3.9 Billion". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved December 4, 2018.
  25. ^ "Gas station merger will end Esso and Mobil's long run in Japan". Nikkei Asian Review. Archived from the original on 2018-12-05. Retrieved 2018-12-04.
  26. ^ a b "New south end gas station to celebrate grand opening on Saturday". GuelphToday.com. Retrieved 2022-06-23.
  27. ^ "Esso moves to affiliate itself with PC Optimum, no longer Aeroplan, in loyalty point switch". CBC News. Archived from the original on 2018-03-13. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  28. ^ "Mobil brand of gas stations to launch in Canada after deal for 213 Loblaws-owned locations". CBC News. Archived from the original on 2017-11-08. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
  29. ^ "Mobil Nears Completion of Rebranding 200 Loblaw Gas Stations". Retail Insider. Archived from the original on 2018-10-06. Retrieved 2018-10-06.
  30. ^ "BG Fuels will trade as Greenergy". www.greenergy.com. Retrieved 2022-06-24.
  31. ^ "Learn about ExxonMobil's operations in Egypt". ExxonMobil. Archived from the original on 2018-07-04. Retrieved 2018-07-03.
  32. ^ "Petrol and Diesel Service Stations in Egypt - Mobil". fuels.mobil.com.eg. Archived from the original on 2020-07-24. Retrieved 2022-01-25.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mobil Oil.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mobil&oldid=1110384015"