Haplogroup D (mtDNA): Difference between revisions

Haplogroup D
Haplogroup D
	File:Migration map4.png
Possible time of origin	40,000 - 60,000 YBP
Possible place of origin	East Asia
Ancestor	M
Descendants	D4, 16189
Defining mutations	4883 5178A 16362

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In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup D is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Origin

Haplogroup D is believed to have arisen in Asia some 48,000 years before present.^[2] It is a descendant haplogroup of haplogroup M.

Distribution

It is found in Northeast Asia (including Siberia). Its subclade D1 (along with D2 and D4) is one of five haplogroups found in the indigenous peoples of the Americas, the others being A, B, C, and X.

Haplogroup D is also found quite frequently in Central Asia,^[3] where it makes up the second most common mtDNA clade (after H). Haplogroup D also appears at a low frequency in eastern Europe and southwestern Asia.

Subclades

There are two principal branches:

D4 (3010, 8414, 14668): The subclade D4 is the most frequently occurring mtDNA haplogroup among modern populations of northern East Asia, such as Japanese, Koreans, Mongols, and Tungusic-speaking populations of northern China.^[4]^[5]^[6] Spread also all over Southeast Asia, Siberia, Central Asia, and indigenous peoples of the Americas.
D5'6 (16189): Mainly in East Asia and Southeast Asia.^[7] Lower in Siberia, Central Asia, and East India.

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup D subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation^[1] and subsequent published research.

D
- D4
  - D1
    - D1a
    - D1b
    - D1c
    - D1d
  - D4a
    - D4a1
      - D4a1a
      - D4a1b
      - D4a1c
    - D4a2
      - D4a2a
    - D4a3
      - D4a3a
    - D4a4
  - D4b
    - D4b1
      - D3
      - D4b1a
        D4b1a1
        
        D4b1a2
        D4b1a2a
        D4b1a2a1
        D4b1a2a1a
      - D4b1b
        D4b1b1
        
        D4b1b1a
        
        D4b1b2
    - D4b2
      - D4b2a
        D4b2a1
        
        D4b2a2
        D4b2a2a
        
        D4b2a2b
      - D4b2b
        D4b2b1
        D4b2b1a
        
        D4b2b1b
        
        D4b2b2
        
        D4b2b3
  - D4c
    - D4c1
      - D4c1a
        D4c1a1
      - D4c1b
        D4c1b1
    - D4c2
  - D4d
  - D4e
    - D4e1
      - D2
        D2a
        D2a1
        D2a1a
        
        D2a1b
        
        D2b
      - D4e1a
        D4e1a1
        
        D4e1a2
  - D4e2
    - - D4e2a
      - D4e2b
      - D4e2c
  - D4f
  - D4g
    - D4g1
      - D4g1a
      - D4g1b
      - D4g1c
    - D4g2
      - D4g2a
        D4g2a1
  - D4h
    - D4h1
      - D4h1a
    - D4h3
  - D4i
    - D4i1
    - D4i2
  - D4j
  - D4k
  - D4l
    - D4l1
    - D4l2
      - D4l2a
  - D4m
    - D4m1
    - D4m2
  - D4n
    - D4n1
  - D4o
    - D4o1
    - D4o2
- D5'6
  - D5
    - D5a'b
      - D5a
        D5a1
        D5a1a
        
        D5a2
        D5a2a
        D5a2a1
        D5a2a1a
        
        D5a2a1b
      - D5b
        D5b1
        D5b1a
        
        D5b1b
        D5b1b1
        
        D5b2
    - D5c
    - D5d
      - D5d1
  - D6

Popular culture

In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Eve, Bryan Sykes named the originator of this mtDNA haplogroup Djigonasee.

References

^ ^a ^b van Oven, Mannis (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. Retrieved 2009-05-20. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ "Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock Supplementary material" (PDF). 2009: page89. {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ D. Comas et al., Admixture, migrations, and dispersals in Central Asia: evidence from maternal DNA lineages. European Journal of Human Genetics, 2004
^ East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control region sequence analysis
^ Qing-Peng Kong, Yong-Gang Yao, Mu Liu et al., "Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms of five ethnic populations from northern China," Hum Genet (2003) 113 : 391–405. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1004-7
^ Zheng H-X, Yan S, Qin Z-D, Wang Y, Tan J-Z, et al. 2011 Major Population Expansion of East Asians Began before Neolithic Time: Evidence of mtDNA Genomes. PLoS ONE 6(10): e25835. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025835
^ Tanaka M et al. 2004, Mitochondrial Genome Variation in Eastern Asia and the Peopling of Japan Genome Res. 2004. 14: 1832-1850

External links

General
- Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
Haplogroup D
- Mannis van Oven's PhyloTree.org - mtDNA subtree D
- Spread of Haplogroup D, from National Geographic

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[vanOven-1] van Oven, Mannis (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. Retrieved 2009-05-20. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[soares_supplementary-2] "Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock Supplementary material" (PDF). 2009: page89. {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[3] D. Comas et al., Admixture, migrations, and dispersals in Central Asia: evidence from maternal DNA lineages. European Journal of Human Genetics, 2004

[4] East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control region sequence analysis

[Kong2003-5] Qing-Peng Kong, Yong-Gang Yao, Mu Liu et al., "Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms of five ethnic populations from northern China," Hum Genet (2003) 113 : 391–405. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1004-7

[Zheng2011-6] Zheng H-X, Yan S, Qin Z-D, Wang Y, Tan J-Z, et al. 2011 Major Population Expansion of East Asians Began before Neolithic Time: Evidence of mtDNA Genomes. PLoS ONE 6(10): e25835. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025835

[Tanaka-7] Tanaka M et al. 2004, Mitochondrial Genome Variation in Eastern Asia and the Peopling of Japan Genome Res. 2004. 14: 1832-1850

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@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 ===Subclades===
 There are two principal branches:
-*'''D4''' (3010, 8414, 14668): The subclade D4 is the most frequently occurring mtDNA haplogroup among modern populations of northern [[East Asia]], such as [[Japanese people|Japanese]], [[Koreans]], [[Mongols]], and [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]]-speaking populations of northern [[People's Republic of China|China]].<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17058303 East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control region sequence analysis]</ref><ref name = "Kong2003">Qing-Peng Kong, Yong-Gang Yao, Mu Liu ''et al.'', "Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms of five ethnic populations from northern China," ''Hum Genet'' (2003) 113 : 391–405. DOI 10.1007/s00439-003-1004-7</ref><ref name = "Zheng2011">Zheng H-X, Yan S, Qin Z-D, Wang Y, Tan J-Z, et al. 2011 Major Population Expansion of East Asians Began before Neolithic Time: Evidence of mtDNA Genomes. PLoS ONE 6(10): e25835. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025835</ref> Spread also all over [[Southeast Asia]], [[Siberia]], [[Central Asia]], and [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]].
+*'''D4''' (3010, 8414, 14668): The subclade D4 is the most frequently occurring mtDNA haplogroup among modern populations of northern [[East Asia]], such as [[Japanese people|Japanese]], [[Koreans]], [[Mongols]], and [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]]-speaking populations of northern [[People's Republic of China|China]].<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17058303 East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control region sequence analysis]</ref><ref name = "Kong2003">Qing-Peng Kong, Yong-Gang Yao, Mu Liu ''et al.'', "Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms of five ethnic populations from northern China," ''Hum Genet'' (2003) 113 : 391–405. {{doi|10.1007/s00439-003-1004-7}}</ref><ref name = "Zheng2011">Zheng H-X, Yan S, Qin Z-D, Wang Y, Tan J-Z, et al. 2011 Major Population Expansion of East Asians Began before Neolithic Time: Evidence of mtDNA Genomes. PLoS ONE 6(10): e25835. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0025835}}</ref> Spread also all over [[Southeast Asia]], [[Siberia]], [[Central Asia]], and [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]].
 *'''D5'6''' (16189): Mainly in [[East Asia]] and [[Southeast Asia]].<ref name="Tanaka">Tanaka M et al. 2004, [http://genome.cshlp.org/content/14/10a/1832.full#aff-1 Mitochondrial Genome Variation in Eastern Asia and the Peopling of Japan] Genome Res. 2004. 14: 1832-1850</ref> Lower in Siberia, Central Asia, and East India.