Colo-Colo

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Colo-Colo
Colo-Colo.svg
Full name Club Social y Deportivo Colo-Colo
Nickname(s) El Eterno Campeón (The Eternal Champion)
Los Albos (The White Ones)
El Cacique (The Cacique)
El Popular (The Popular One)
Founded 19 April 1925 (1925-04-19) (88 years ago)
Ground Estadio Monumental David Arellano
Macul, Santiago, Chile
(capacity: 47,000[1])
President Arturo Salah
Manager Hugo González
League Chilean Primera División
2012 Clausura 1st place, Semi–finalists
Website Club home page
Home colours
Away colours

Club Social y Deportivo Colo-Colo (Spanish pronunciation: [kolo ˈkolo]) is a Chilean football club based in Macul, Santiago. Founded in 1925, they play in the Primera División (top–tier), from which they have never been relegated. The team plays its home games at the 47,000 seat Estadio Monumental since 1989.[2] The club is regarded as the most successful in Primera División history, having won a Chilean football record of 29 league titles and a record ten Copa Chile honours. Colo-Colo also won one Copa Libertadores title,[3] one Recopa Sudamericana honour and a Copa Interamericana.

In 1991, it became the first Chilean football team to win an international tournament.[3] The club's player with most honours is Lizardo Garrido, with fifteen titles,[4] while the leading goalscorer is Francisco Valdés with 215 goals.[5] However, Misael Escuti is the player with more appearances of Colo-Colo.

Colo-Colo is the most supported team in Chile,[6] and holds a long–standing rivalry with Universidad de Chile. The club also holds a traditional rivalry in matchs against Cobreloa and Universidad Católica. Between other dates, IFFHS placed the team into the top–30 ranking of clubs in 2007,[7] and years later, in 2009, the same institution named the team as 20th century's top club of its country, and then into South America's top twenty ranking.[8]

Contents

History [edit]

David Arellano, the founder of the club.

The team was founded in early 1925, due to Magallanes' footballer David Arellano, who led a group of youngest players, with the objective of left his former club after serious institutional problems of his former team.[9][10] Finally, on 19 April, Arellano officially established the club after meetings and negotiations, where the player Luis Contreras chose the name of «Colo-Colo» for the new club,[11] that represents a Mapuche chief.

The team initially played friendly games, but in 1926, the black and whites contested the Metropolitan League of Honour, where proclaimed champion and earned the nickname of «invincible».[12] The following year, Colo-Colo became the first Chilean football team in participate on tour across Europe. On 2 May of that year, during an exhibition match against Real Unión Deportiva at Valladolid, team founder and captain David Arellano was critically injured, after suffering a collision with an opposing player that caused him Peritonitis.[13] The inflammation would lead to his death the next day.[14] Despite of the great impact that cause the death of Arellano, the club won the tournament of the Central League of football — then renamed Asociación de Football de Santiago — in the 1928,[15] 1929[16] and 1930[17] seasons.

In the 1931–32 season, Colo-Colo suffered their first institutional crisis, principally occurred for strong financial problems, that led to a serious salary reduction of first team footballers, with the consequent resistance of those and also board members.[18] However, in sporting terms, the team played another tournament final, that season against Audax Italiano. However, due to a collapse of a platform of the Estadio Italiano with a subsequent roughhouse by the fans, the game was suspended when the «Albos» was winning 2–1, so that the match was cancelled and the champion for that year remained vacant.[19] That day's tragedy resulted in 130 injuries and three deaths.[19] However, other authors, declared that Audax Italiano it was mostly benefited that Colo-Colo.[20][21]

One year later, six Santiago based clubs along with Colo-Colo decided to create the first professional league within the country, which was established during 1933.[22] On 23 July, the team won the Campeonato de Apertura (precursor of the Copa Chile), after defeat 2–1 Unión Española.[22] However, in the first Primera División official tournament, Colo-Colo finished in the first position of the table alongside Magallanes, who forced the «Cacique» play an tie-breaker match that Colo-Colo lost 2–1.[23] In 1937, the team of unbeaten form,[24] obtained their first league title[25] and two seasons later (1939) won for second time the league, under the orders of the Hungrian coach Francisco Platko,[26] which received the scorer support of Alfonso Domínguez, who scored 20 goals in 24 matches.[27] After another title in 1941 with Platko as coach,[28] seven years later (after two another honours in 1944[29] and 1947[30]) organized the South American Club Championship — precursor of the Copa Libertadores — in Santiago,[31] having as basis the title obtained the last season. However, the season 1945, the club made their worst campaign in its history, finishing penultimate in the eleventh place over the weak Badminton.[32]

In the early 1950s, the club's president Antonio Labán hired Newcastle United striker George Robledo for £25.000,[33] who with his goals led the team to the tournaments of 1953[34] and 1956.[35] During that decade also, the club acquired land at Macul, where was started the construction of the Estadio Monumental, (hereafter inaugurated in 1975).[36] Despite that acquisition, the directive invested in a headquarter located at Santiago Centro — address Cienfuegos 41 – in 1953. The 1960s decade, started with the 1960[37] and 1963 honours,[38] where in the last of these, two records were broken. The first of those had to do with Luis Hernán Álvarez, who scored 37 goals in a single season,[39] being the highest number of goals scored by a footballer of Colo-Colo during a single season,[39] while the second was the highest number of goals scored by a club – with 130 scores —, also during a football season.[40] Until late 1960s, the club made regular campaigns, where their rivals Universidad Católica and Universidad de Chile dominated those seasons.[41] However, the team won its tenth honour in 1970.[42]

Colo-Colo against Independiente during the 1973 Copa Libertadores final.

In 1972, under the orders of the coach Luis Álamos,[43] and with shapes like Carlos Caszely and Francisco Valdés,[44] won another championship,[45] and also obtained the country's attendance record of 45.929 people assistance per match.[46] That team was the basis of the called «Colo-Colo 73», that had the speciality of be the first Chilean team to reach a Copa Libertadores final, which lost against Independiente of Argentina.[47] After of Colo-Colo's brilliant campaign, the club entered into a strong crisis of a sportniess and institutional character, at least on the pitch, with getting the league title in 1979,[48] where highlited another shapes, like the talented Brazilian midfielder Severino Vasconcelos.[49]

In 1980s, the club obtained the league titles of 1983[50] and 1983[51] with the coach Pedro García, and the 1986[52] and 1989[53] honours under Arturo Salah, despite of four Copa Chile titles in that decade. However, the great deception in that epoch were the continental tournaments, where only exeeceded the first stage of the 1988 Copa Libertadores. The 1987 Alianza Lima air disaster claimed the lives of sixteen players, where Colo-Colo ceded footballers to the Peruvian team.[54] On 30 September 1989, was definitive opened the Estadio Monumental, which was played an opening match against Peñarol, that Colo-Colo won 2–1,[2] with goals of Marcelo Barticciotto and the striker Hugo Rubio for the «Cacique».

The Copa Libertadores replica, achieved by the club in 1991.

The 1990s decade was the most successful in the club's history, for the national and international honours achieved. In mid-1990, the Croatian Mirko Jozić arrived as coach, with whom the team won its first «Bicampeonato», after winning the title of that year.[55] On 5 June of that year, after beat 3–0 to Olimpia at Monumental, with a twice of Luis Pérez and a goal of Leonel Herrera, Colo-Colo began the first Chilean team in won a Copa Libertadores.[3] The same season, the «Albos» lost the Intercontinental Cup final against Yugoslavian club Red Star Belgrade, after be defeated 3–0 at Tokyo.[56] While in the national plane, the club won its third–consecutive title, achieving its first «Tricampeonato», winning the league title of 1991.[57] The following season, the club won the Recopa Sudamericana, after beat in the penalties to Brazil's Cruzeiro, and also obtained the Copa Interamericana, after won 3–1 to Puebla in Mexico. The last title obtained by Jozić in Colo-Colo was the 1993 league title, thus closing a successful spell in South America.[58]

After Jozić's departure of the club, in 1994, the club had three coaches in the season: Vicente Cantatore, Eddio Inostroza and Andrés Prieto, finishing fourth in the league, where lost 4–0 the «Superclásico» against Universidad de Chile. Despite of the regular season in the national plane, the team was champion of the Copa Chile and achieved the Copa Libertadores quarterfinals. However, the following season, arrived the Paraguayan Gustavo Benítez as coach, who obtained the 1996,[59] 1997–C[60] and 1998[61] honours, achieving also the semifinals of the Supercopa Libertadores in 1996, and of the Copa Libertadores in 1997, where was eliminated both times by Cruzeiro. In 1999, Colo-Colo lived a similar situation to 1994, finishing fourth, and also had three coaches in a single season, that were the Brazilian Nelsinho Baptista, the caretaker manager Carlos Durán and then Fernando Morena of Uruguay, who remained until 2001.

In 1999, after Benítez's departure, the club entered a serious financial crisis – after years of economic mismanagements under the leader Peter Dragicevic as president[62] — it bottomed on 23 January 2002, when the justice declared Colo-Colo in bankruptcy, letting Juan Carlos Saffie as responsible for the institution doesn't lose its legal status.[62] Despite of the bankruptcy, under Jaime Pizarro as coach – key player in the obtaining of the 1991 Copa Libertadores — «Los Albos» won the Torneo de Clausura, with an almost completely juvenile squad.[63] Three years later, in 2005, the joint-stock company Blanco y Negro took the administration, concessioning all assets of the club for thirty years, in exchange for paying all debts through an opening process at Santiago Stock Exchange.[62] However in 2006 first half, the justice gave overcome the debt.[62]

Colo-Colo squad celebrating the 2006 Torneo de Clausura obtaining.

With the Argentine Claudio Borghi as coach since 2006, and also with shapes like Matías Fernández and Humberto Suazo, Colo-Colo obtained a «Bicampeonato» proclaiming champion of the Apertura[64] and Clausura tournaments,[65] despite of reach another international final, the Copa Sudamericana, where was defeated 2–1 by Mexico's side Pachuca. Also, that season, «El Cacique» was recognized by the IFFHS as the world's club of the month.[66] The following season, Colo-Colo won two consecutive tournaments more, of that form, winning a «Tetracampeonato», and being the first Chilean team achieve that.[67]

After Borghi's departure, the club obtained its 28th title after defeat Palestino in the 2008 Torneo de Clausura finals under the orders Marcelo Barticciotto, and with Lucas Barrios as shape, who equaled Luis Hernán Álvarez record of highest number of goals scored by a Colo-Colo footballer during a single season with 37 scores.[68] The following season, the club became the first professional team in play at Easter Island,[69] while after a poor Torneo de Apertura — where was eliminated of the play-offs for first time — «Los Albos» started the Clausura very close of the promotion play-offs place, but however, the team reached the tournament's finals against Universidad Católica, which won 4–2 in Santa Laura, with shapes like Esteban Paredes, Macnelly Torres and Ezequiel Miralles in that moment, which were coached by Hugo Tocalli.[70] However in the Copa Libertadores, the club only surpassed the group stage in the 2007 edition.

Badge, Colours and Kit [edit]

For more details on this topic, see Uniform of Colo-Colo and Badge of Colo-Colo.
Colo-Colo's uniform at 1991 Copa Libertadores Finals.

The badge of the club represents the Mapuche chieftain Colocolo (recognized in its stadium's hall), who led the Arauco War against the Spanish empire in 1560s.[71] On 19 April 1925, when the club was established, Luis Contreras — one of the players that founded the club alongside Arellano – defined the team's badge, in representation of the chief and the country's indigenous people. However, the legend of Colocolo says that he was Palín champion, sport practiced by the Mapuches on both sides competing for win a thick ball of cloth.[71] However, the existence of the Araucan figure has been questioned, such as said Diego Barros Arana in its monumental text called Historia General de Chile. Not obstant, in the writer Jerónimo de Vivar in one of its works, confirms their existence.[71]

For much of Colo-Colo's history its home colours have been all black and white.[72] The same day of its foundation in 1925, the uniform was defined by Juan Quiñones, according propositions of David Arellano. After a match disputed against Spain's Real Unión Deportiva, because Arellano's tragic death during that game, the shirt of «Los Albos» wears a black horizontal band, that means the eternal mourning of the institution, for the death of its founder.[73] Initially, was located on the shirt's left sleeve, until 1974, when was placed over the club's badge.[73] Because of this, during 1930s, the team wore the nicknamed of The Mourners.[74] In regarding to the alternative kit, Colo-Colo wore several models throughout its history. The first of those, in 1927, was a green shirt and short & socks black.[75] Since that epoch, the team was contantly changing its second uniform until the 1970s, where the club officially wore a red shirt, that only suffered modifications in relation to shorts and socks, until the late 1980s.[76]

In 1988, was the first season where Colo-Colo wore a black shirt, white shorts and red socks.[77] That uniform with the passing of time was entirely black,[78] where sometimes wear white shorts and socks.[79] However, in a 2010 Copa Libertadores game against Vélez Sarsfield at José Amalfitani, the team featured its model of 1973 that wore against Botafogo in that Libertadores under orders of Luis Álamos as coach.[80]

Stadium [edit]

Main article: Estadio Monumental David Arellano
Estadio Monumental
Pedreros
A semi-panoramic view of the stadium. The seats are white and black, and shows a the club badge in the seats. The roof of the stand is supported by a cantilever structure, in a "buried" construction.
Location Vicuña Mackenna Ave,
Macul,
Santiago,
Chile
Broke ground 1975
Opened 30th September 1989
Owner Colo-Colo
Operator Colo-Colo
Construction cost US$1.5 million (1989)
Architect Mario Recordón (1975)
Capacity 47,000 seated[1]
Tenants
Colo-Colo (1989–present)

Colo-Colo initially played on a fields like Estadio El Llano (1925–1927) and Campos de Sports de Ñuñoa (1928–1938),[81] close to the current Estadio Nacional, where the club played as local between 1939 and late 1980s, because the construction of its home ground. The club's first own stadium was Estadio de Carabineros, which was acquired by the «Albos» in a CLP 5 million fee on 10 May 1946. However, "Fortín Mapocho" — commonly known of that form in 1940s – was sold to the workers' compensation in $33 million pesos, transaction that partly funded the purchase of terrain, where was later built Estadio Monumental.[82]

In 1956, Antonio Labán, club's president, acquired a 28 Ha terrain at Macul, starting of this form the construction of the team's home ground, close to the intersection between Vicuña Mackenna and Departamental. Originally, was raised a construction of a stadium of 120.000 espectators, not obstant, the high cost of the work prevented complete the project without a state subsidy.[36] However, with the asignation of Chile for held the 1962 FIFA World Cup, but the 9.5 magnitude 1960 earthquake, added to a congressional veto provision delivering public money to nongovernmental entities that discarded the initiative.[83]

Then, with the budget reached between 1972 and 1975, the club achieved the stadium's construction, which was inaugurated during a Campeonato Nacional game against Deportes Aviación. Not obstant, the lack of basic services caused the closure of the ground.[84] However, Pedreros' ground was finally opened in 1989, after some helps of Augusto Pinochet dictatorship to have a home stadium and the US$1 million fee received for the sold of the striker Hugo Rubio to Serie A club Bologna.[85] The ground was inaugurated in a friendly match with Uruguayan side Peñarol, that Colo-Colo won 2–1, where the Argentine Marcelo Barticciotto scored the first goal in the stadium's history.[2]

The original capacity was of 62,500 espectators, however several remodelations, decreased the capacity to 47,000. According that, the ground has registered high attendances in occasions like 1991 Copa Libertadores Final against Olimpia (66,517),[86] Superclásico match against Universidad de Chile in 1992 (69,305),[87] and also in 2–0 friendly match victory against Real Madrid during August 1993, that registered a 67,543 attendance.[86] The field's principal name is David Arellano, in honour of the team's founder.

Colo-Colo also facilitated its stadium to Chilean national team, which debuted with a 6–0 victory over Venezuela road to 1998 World Cup.[88] However, twelve years passed, and Chile re-debuted at Monumental again in a qualifying match against The Burgundy, that finished in a 2–2 draw.[89] One of important matches at Monumental was a 1–0 win over Ecuador, where the already qualified team to 2010 FIFA World Cup, sealed its qualification with a goal of Humberto Suazo, of that form closing a successful campaign under orders of Marcelo Bielsa as coach.[90] However, Colo-Colo also has facilitated its ground to teams like Audax Italiano (2007–2008), Santiago Morning (2009) and also to its archrival Universidad de Chile between 2008 and 2010, because of Estadio Nacional's remodeling.

Support [edit]

Main article: Garra Blanca

Colo-Colo are the best-supported football club in Chile, with over 12 million fans or hinchada, which represent approximately 42% of the total Chilean football fans according to a research published in August 2012 by Spanish newspaper agency Marca,[91] which showed a 6% growd in relation to 2006, where «Los Albos» according accountancy firm and sports industry consultants Fundación Futuro ranked the club in the first place with the 38% of the preferences, leaving its rival Universidad de Chile in the second place.[92]

Since early 1960s, the club has had organized bar, which was evolved until mid–90s, when appeared the «Garra Blanca», which was often in Colo-Colo's games and generally predominated in riots, especially in derbies, converting Estadio Monumental arounds in battlefields against Carabineros. However, in 2000, that group was declared as Barra brava.

Rivalries [edit]

For more details on this topic, see Colo Colo–Universidad Católica rivalry, Colo Colo–Cobreloa rivalry and Chilean football derby.

Administration [edit]

Main article: Blanco y Negro

Sponsorship [edit]

Players [edit]

Main article: List of Colo-Colo players

Current squad [edit]

Current squad of Colo-Colo as of 18 May 2013 (edit)
Sources: Team's squad at club's official website

No. Position Player
1  CHI GK Francisco Prieto
2  CHI DF Christian Vilches
3  CHI DF Luis Mena
4  CHI DF Bruno Romo
5  CHI MF Claudio Baeza
6  CHI MF Rafael Caroca
7  CHI FW Mathías Vidangossy
8  ARG MF Fernando De la Fuente
9  CHI FW Luca Pontigo
10  ARG MF Facundo Coria
11  CHI MF Gonzalo Fierro
12  CHI GK Álvaro Salazar
13  CHI MF José Pedro Fuenzalida
14  CHI MF Emilio Hernández
15  CHI MF Boris Rieloff
16  ARG FW Mauro Olivi
17  CHI FW Felipe Flores
18  CHI DF Sebastián Toro
19  CHI MF Francisco Lara
20  COL DF Juan Domínguez
No. Position Player
21  CHI MF Esteban Pavez
22  CHI FW Roberto Gutiérrez
23  ARG MF Emiliano Vecchio
24  CHI DF Mirko Opazo
25  URU MF Mathías Cardaccio
26  CHI FW Carlos Muñoz
27  CHI DF Leandro Delgado
28  CHI DF Lucas Domínguez
29  CHI FW Gerson Martínez
30  PAR MF Rodrigo Báez
31  CHI GK Eduardo Lobos
33  CHI DF Hardy Cavero
34  CHI DF Luis Pavez Muñoz
35  CHI FW Nicolás Orellana
36  CHI MF Ignacio Caroca
37  CHI FW Pablo Soto Solís
 CHI MF Ariel Martínez

Manager: Hugo González

Managers [edit]

Main article: List of Colo-Colo managers

Coaching staff [edit]

Position Name
Manager Chile Hugo González
Assistant Manager Chile Héctor Tapia
Reserve team Manager Chile Miguel Riffo
Academy team / Fitness coach Chile Álvaro Saffa
Goalkeeping coach Chile Marcelo Ramírez
Director of Football Chile Juan Gutiérrez

Honours [edit]

Domestic [edit]

  • Primera División: 21
    • 1937, 1939, 1941, 1944, 1947, 1953, 1956, 1960, 1963, 1970, 1972, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1998

Cups [edit]

Continental [edit]

See also [edit]

Notes [edit]

Citations [edit]

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  2. ^ a b c "¡Feliz Cumpleaños, Estadio Monumental!". Sitio Oficial de Colo-Colo. 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2011. 
  3. ^ a b c "Colo-Colo, Rey de América 1991". Emol. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2013. 
  4. ^ "Jugadores con mas Ganadores (Títulos)". Dalealbo.cl. Retrieved 23 March 2013. 
  5. ^ "Muere Francisco Valdés, goleador histórico del fútbol chileno". La Tercera. 18 August 2009. 
  6. ^ "Colo-Colo es el equipo más popular". La Nación. Retrieved 6 February 2013. 
  7. ^ "IFFHS' 2007 Ranking". IFFHS.com. Retrieved 6 February 2013. 
  8. ^ "South America‘s Club of the Century". IFFHS.de. IFFHS. Retrieved 17 March 2013. 
  9. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 37.
  10. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 52.
  11. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 44.
  12. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 53.
  13. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 70.
  14. ^ "Los domingos footballísticos". Zig-Zag. Los Sports. 1925-1927. Retrieved 17 March 2013. 
  15. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 184.
  16. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 215.
  17. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 245.
  18. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 309.
  19. ^ a b Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 299–300.
  20. ^ Larraín, Fernando (1940), pág. 38.
  21. ^ La Nación (1985), pág. 12 y 32.
  22. ^ a b Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 327.
  23. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1933". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  24. ^ Marín, Edgardo (1988), pág. 33.
  25. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1937". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  26. ^ Marín, Edgardo (1988), pág. 43.
  27. ^ Marín, Edgardo (1988), pág. 42.
  28. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1941". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  29. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1944". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  30. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1947". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  31. ^ Bekerman, Esteban (2008). "Hace 60 años, River perdía la gran chance de ser el primer club campeón de América". Perfil.com. Retrieved 10 de mayo de 2008. 
  32. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1945". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  33. ^ Marín, Edgardo y Salviat, Julio (1975), pág. 105.
  34. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1953". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  35. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1956". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  36. ^ a b Marín, Edgardo y Salviat, Julio (1975), pág. 119.
  37. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1960". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  38. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1963". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  39. ^ a b Marín, Edgardo y Salviat, Julio (1975), pág. 130.
  40. ^ Marín, Edgardo y Salviat, Julio (1975), pág. 131.
  41. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 270.
  42. ^ Marín, Edgardo y Salviat, Julio (1975), pág. 160.
  43. ^ Marín, Edgardo y Salviat, Julio (1975), pág. 188.
  44. ^ Marín, Edgardo (1988), pág. 250.
  45. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1972". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  46. ^ "Especial Colo Colo 1972". Minuto 90. 2005. Retrieved 2013. 
  47. ^ Marín, Edgardo y Salviat, Julio (1975), pág. 193.
  48. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1979". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  49. ^ Marín, Edgardo (1988), pág. 298.
  50. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1981". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  51. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1983". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  52. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1986". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  53. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1989". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  54. ^ "En Perú conmemoran 25 años de la tragedia área que enlutó a Alianza Lima". La Tercera. 8 December 2012. 
  55. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1990". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  56. ^ "Copa Intercontinental 1991: Estrella Roja 3–0 Colo Colo". Dalealbo.cl. 23 October 2008. Retrieved 23 March 2013. 
  57. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1991". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  58. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1993". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  59. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1996". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  60. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1997". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  61. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 1998". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  62. ^ a b c d Vivanco del Río, Pedro Pablo. "Historia de Colo-Colo en Internet". Todoalbo.cl. Retrieved 23 March 2013. 
  63. ^ Espina, Eduardo (2005). "Chile 2002". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2007. 
  64. ^ "Bravo por el eterno campeón". Papel Digital. 21 February 2008. 
  65. ^ "Festejo entre copas". Papel Digital. 20 February 2008. 
  66. ^ "The world's club of the month". IFFHS. 20 October 2006. 
  67. ^ "Blanca Navidad". La Tercera. Retrieved 20 February 2008. 
  68. ^ "¡Colo Colo campeón! Logró su estrella 28 con histórico goleador". La Tercera. 20 December 2008. 
  69. ^ "Juego del siglo en Rapa Nui". FIFA.com. 6 August 2009. 
  70. ^ "No hay caso con Colo-Colo de amenazado con el descenso a campeón". Emol.com. 9 December 2009. 
  71. ^ a b c "Historia del mapuche Colocolo". El Maule. 19 April 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2013. 
  72. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 43.
  73. ^ a b Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 137.
  74. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 161.
  75. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 162.
  76. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 165.
  77. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 166.
  78. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 168.
  79. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 170.
  80. ^ "Colo Colo cayó en Liniers y se complicó en la Libertadores". Dalealbo.cl. 25 March 2010. 
  81. ^ Salinas, Sebastián (2005), pág. 177.
  82. ^ Matamala, Daniel (2001), pág. 167.
  83. ^ Matamala, Daniel (2001), pág. 179.
  84. ^ Matamala, Daniel (2001), pág. 180.
  85. ^ Matamala, Daniel (2001), pág. 184.
  86. ^ a b "2-0: Derrota del Real Madrid ante Colo-Colo". Diario ABC. EFE. 1993. Retrieved 7 de julio de 2007. 
  87. ^ "Historia de la Ley Nº 19.327. Fija normas para prevención y sanción de hechos de violencia en recintos deportivos con ocasión de espectáculos de futbol profesional". Diario Oficial. Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. 1994. Retrieved 7 July 2007. 
  88. ^ "Chile vs. Venezuela: A repetir la mágica noche Monumental". Prensa Fútbol. 5 September 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2013. 
  89. ^ "Bajón Monumental: Chile empató con Venezuela". Prensa Fútbol. 6 September 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2013. 
  90. ^ "Chile celebró ante Ecuador en el Estadio Monumental". ADN Radio. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2013. 
  91. ^ "Chile es del 'Colo' aunque gane la 'U'". Marca.com. 23 August 2012. 
  92. ^ "Mundial". Fundación Futuro. 31 October 2007. 

Further reading [edit]

  • Larraín, Fernando (1940). Club Deportivo Magallanes. Memorias Históricas. Santiago: Tall. de Molina Lackington y Cia. 
  • Jaime, Drapkin S., (1952). Historia de Colo-Colo Club de Deportes 1925–1952. Without editorial indication. 
  • Jaime, Marín, Edgardo y Salviat, Julio (1975). De David a "Chamaco": medio siglo de goles. Santiago: Editorial Nacional Gabriela Mistral. 
  • Historia del fútbol chileno. Tomo 2. La Nación. 1985. 
  • Salinas, Sebastián (2004). Por Empuje Y Coraje. Los Albos en la época amateur 1925–1933. Santiago: Central de Estadísticas Deportivas (Cedep). ISBN 956–299–125–3. 

External links [edit]
2013 clubs
Former Teams
Associated competitions
Seasons

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