Contrasting and categorization of emotions

The contrasting and categorisation of emotions describes how emotions are thought to relate to each other. Various recent proposals of such groupings are described in the following sections.

Contrasting basic emotions

The following table identifies and contrasts the fundamental emotions according to a set of definite criteria. The three key criteria used include: 1) mental experiences that have a strongly motivating subjective quality like pleasure or pain; 2) mental experiences that are in response to some event or object that is either real or imagined; 3) mental experiences that motivate particular kinds of behaviour. The combination of these attributes distinguish the emotions from sensations, feelings and moods.

Kind of emotion	Positive emotions	Negative emotions
Emotions related to object properties	Interest, curiosity	Alarm, panic
	Attraction, desire, admiration	Aversion, disgust, revulsion
	Surprise, amusement	Indifference, familiarity, habituation
Future appraisal emotions	Hope	Fear
Event related emotions	Gratitude, thankfulness	Anger, rage
	Joy, elation, triumph, jubilation	Sorrow, grief
Self-appraisal emotions	Pride in achievement, self-confidence, sociability	Embarrassment, shame, guilt, remorse
Social emotions	Generosity	Avarice, greed, miserliness, envy, jealousy
	Sympathy	Cruelty
Cathected emotions	Love	Hate

Emotion annotation and representation language

The emotion annotation and representation language (EARL) proposed by the Human-Machine Interaction Network on Emotion (HUMAINE) classifies 48 emotions.

Negative and forceful Anger Annoyance Contempt Disgust Irritation Negative and not in control Anxiety Embarrassment Fear Helplessness Lonely Powerlessness Worry Negative thoughts Doubt Envy Frustration Guilt Shame

Negative and passive Boredom Despair Disappointment Hurt Sadness Agitation Stress Shock Tension Positive and lively Amusement Delight Elation Excitement Happiness Joy Pleasure Caring Affection Empathy Friendliness Love

Positive thoughts Courage Hope Pride Satisfaction Trust Quiet positive Calm Content Relaxed Relieved Serene Reactive Horny Interest Politeness Surprised

Parrott's emotions by groups

A tree-structured list of emotions was described in Parrott (2001).

Plutchik's wheel of emotions

Plutchik's Wheel of Emotions

Robert Plutchik created a wheel of emotions in 1980 which consisted of 8 basic emotions and 8 advanced emotions each composed of 2 basic ones.

Basic emotion	Basic opposite
Joy	Sadness
Trust	Disgust
Fear	Anger
Surprise	Anticipation
Sadness	Joy
Disgust	Trust
Anger	Fear
Anticipation	Surprise

Human feelings (results of emotions)	Feelings	Opposite
Optimism	Anticipation + Joy	Disapproval
Love	Joy + Trust	Remorse
Submission	Trust + Fear	Contempt
Awe	Fear + Surprise	Aggression
Disappointment	Surprise + Sadness	Optimism
Remorse	Sadness + Disgust	Love
Contempt	Disgust + Anger	Submission
Aggression	Anger + Anticipation	Awe

See also

• List of virtues
• Affect (psychology)
• Emotion
• Emotion classification
• Emotional mood
• Emotion and memory
• Empathy
• Basic emotions

External links

• http://www.emotionalcompetency.com/recognizing.htm That page presents lists from Ekman, Lazarus, Ortony et al., and Goleman.
• http://www.personalityresearch.org/basicemotions.html A table of basic emotions according to a variety of authors.
• http://joi.nu/h1 Chart of 121 emotions (with 3D characteristic).
• http://www.derose.net/steve/resources/emotionwords/ewords.html An organized list of over 800 English emotion words, maintained by Steven DeRose.

This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.