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Romney is a former [[CEO]] of [[Bain & Company]], a [[management consulting]] firm, and the co-founder of [[Bain Capital]], a [[private equity]] investment firm. After a life in [[business]] and as the CEO of the [[2002 Winter Olympics]], Romney was elected as [[Massachusetts]] Governor in [[2002]]. [[Romney]] served one term and did not seek re-election in [[2006]]; his term expired [[January 4]], [[2007]].<ref>Phillips, Frank and Helman, Scott. [http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2005/12/15/its_1_term_for_romney_he_says_future_is_open/ "It's 1 term for Romney; he says 'future is open'"] ''The Boston Globe'', December 15, 2005), retrieved October 28, 2006.</ref>
Romney is a former [[CEO]] of [[Bain & Company]], a [[management consulting]] firm, and the co-founder of [[Bain Capital]], a [[private equity]] investment firm. After a life in [[business]] and as the CEO of the [[2002 Winter Olympics]], Romney was elected as [[Massachusetts]] Governor in [[2002]]. [[Romney]] served one term and did not seek re-election in [[2006]]; his term expired [[January 4]], [[2007]].<ref>Phillips, Frank and Helman, Scott. [http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2005/12/15/its_1_term_for_romney_he_says_future_is_open/ "It's 1 term for Romney; he says 'future is open'"] ''The Boston Globe'', December 15, 2005), retrieved October 28, 2006.</ref>


==Early life and family==
==Early life and family background==
Mitt Romney is the son of former Michigan Governor and [[United States presidential election, 1968|1968 presidential candidate]] [[George W. Romney]], and 1970 U.S. Senate candidate [[Lenore Romney]]. His name "Willard" was after hotel magnate [[J. Willard Marriott]], his father's best friend.<ref name="willard">Wheaton, Sarah. "[http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/romney-appeals-to-core-audience/ Romney Appeals to Core Audience.]" ''The New York Times'', [[28 January]] 2007.</ref> Mitt, his middle name, comes from his father's cousin Milton, who played football for the [[Chicago Bears]].<ref>[http://www.chicagobears.com/tradition/alltimeroster.asp#r All-Time Roster], Chicago Bears.</ref> Mitt Romney has three older siblings: Lynn Romney Keenan, Jane Romney Robinson, and [[G. Scott Romney]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/373/000044241/|title= Mitt Romney|publisher=nndb.com|accessdate=2007-12-01}}</ref> His father and mother were born in [[Mexico]] and [[Utah]], respectively.
Mitt Romney is the son of former Michigan Governor and [[United States presidential election, 1968|1968 presidential candidate]] [[George W. Romney]], and 1970 U.S. Senate candidate [[Lenore Romney]]. His name "Willard" was after hotel magnate [[J. Willard Marriott]], his father's best friend.<ref name="willard">Wheaton, Sarah. "[http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/romney-appeals-to-core-audience/ Romney Appeals to Core Audience.]" ''The New York Times'', [[28 January]] 2007.</ref> Mitt, his middle name, comes from his father's cousin Milton, who played football for the Chicago Bears.{{cn}} Mitt Romney has three older siblings: Lynn Romney Keenan, Jane Romney Robinson, and [[G. Scott Romney]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/373/000044241/|title= Mitt Romney|publisher=nndb.com|accessdate=2007-12-01}}</ref>


Romney has been married to high school girlfriend [[Ann Romney|Ann Davies]] since 1968. Both are members of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]].<ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=3282105 "Ann Romney: You Gotta Have Faith"] ''ABC News'', June 15, 2007. Retrieved September 18, 2007.</ref> They have five married sons —Taggart, Matthew, Joshua, Benjamin and Craig — and eleven grandchildren.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/08/AR2007060802781.html|title=Romney brothers dish on Dad|author=Jose Antonio Vargas| publisher=''[[Washington Post]]''|page=A01|date=2007-06-09|accessdate=2007-11-24}}</ref> Romney is a former [[Bishop (Latter_Day_Saints)|bishop]] and [[stake president]] in his church, and he does not [[alcoholic beverage|drink]] or [[smoking|smoke]].<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/05/10/60minutes/main2787426.shtml "Mitt Romney Wants to Re-Tool Washington; Mike Wallace Interviews the Contender for the GOP Presidential Nomination"], ''60 Minutes'', CBS News, May 13, 2006 (retrieved December 3, 2007).</ref>
Romney has been married to high school girlfriend [[Ann Romney|Ann Davies]] since 1968. Both are members of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (commonly known as [[Mormon]]s).<ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=3282105 "Ann Romney: You Gotta Have Faith"] ''ABC News'', June 15, 2007. Retrieved September 18, 2007.</ref> They have five married sons —Taggart, Matthew, Joshua, Benjamin and Craig — and eleven grandchildren.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/08/AR2007060802781.html|title=Romney brothers dish on Dad|author=Jose Antonio Vargas| publisher=''[[Washington Post]]''|page=A01|date=2007-06-09|accessdate=2007-11-24}}</ref> Romney is a former [[Bishop_(Latter_Day_Saints)|bishop]] and [[stake president]] in his church. He does not [[alcoholic_beverage|drink]] or smoke.<ref>http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-02-12-romney-cover_x.htm</ref><ref>http://www.ldsmag.com/books/070316presidents.html</ref><ref>http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/05/10/60minutes/main2787426.shtml</ref>

<ref>Jill Lawrence, [http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-02-12-romney-cover_x.htm "Will Mormon Faith Hurt Bid for White House?"] ''USA Today'', March 12, 2007.</ref>
Romney's paternal great-grandparents were [[Polygamy#Mormonism|polygamist Mormons]] who moved to Mexico in 1884 after the U.S. Supreme Court upheld various anti-polygamy laws in 1879.<ref name="polyroots">[http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/02/24/romney_family_tree_has_polygamy_branch Romney's family tree has polygamous roots] ''Associated Press,'' [[February 24]] [[2007]]</ref> Romney's father, George Romney, was born in [[Chihuahua, Chihuahua|Chihuahua, Mexico]], and the family moved to the United States in 1912<ref name="polyroots"/> after the outbreak of the [[Mexican Revolution]].
<ref name="ancestors">[http://www.4thefamily.us/mitt_family_tree Could ancestors haunt Romney? Polygamous family tree of Mitt Romney] ''Salt Lake Tribune,'' [[August 21]] [[2006]]</ref><ref>http://www.epcc.edu/nwlibrary/borderlands/19_mormons.htm</ref>


==Education==
==Education==
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Romney served as president and CEO of the [[2002 Olympic Winter Games]] held in [[Salt Lake City]]. In 1999, the event was running $379 million short of its revenue benchmarks. Plans were being made to scale back the games in order to compensate for the fiscal crisis.<ref>{{cite news | first=Steve | last=Carp | coauthors= | title= Romney's efforts credited for saving Salt Lake Games |date=[[July 22]], [[2001]] | publisher= | url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2001/Jul-22-Sun-2001/news/16571104.html | work=Las Vegas Review Journal | pages= | accessdate = 2007-04-20 | language = }}</ref> The Games were also damaged by [[2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal|allegations of bribery]] involving top officials, including then Salt Lake Olympic Committee (SLOC) President and CEO [[Frank Joklik]]. Joklik and SLOC vice president [[Dave Johnson]] were forced to resign.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/US/9901/08/olympic.bribes.03/ "Salt Lake Olympics rocked by resignations, evidence of payments"] ''CNN.com'', January 8, 1999, retrieved October 28, 2006.</ref>
Romney served as president and CEO of the [[2002 Olympic Winter Games]] held in [[Salt Lake City]]. In 1999, the event was running $379 million short of its revenue benchmarks. Plans were being made to scale back the games in order to compensate for the fiscal crisis.<ref>{{cite news | first=Steve | last=Carp | coauthors= | title= Romney's efforts credited for saving Salt Lake Games |date=[[July 22]], [[2001]] | publisher= | url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2001/Jul-22-Sun-2001/news/16571104.html | work=Las Vegas Review Journal | pages= | accessdate = 2007-04-20 | language = }}</ref> The Games were also damaged by [[2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal|allegations of bribery]] involving top officials, including then Salt Lake Olympic Committee (SLOC) President and CEO [[Frank Joklik]]. Joklik and SLOC vice president [[Dave Johnson]] were forced to resign.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/US/9901/08/olympic.bribes.03/ "Salt Lake Olympics rocked by resignations, evidence of payments"] ''CNN.com'', January 8, 1999, retrieved October 28, 2006.</ref>


On [[February 11]], [[1999]], Romney was hired as the new president and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee.<ref name="Fire Within"> Call, Jeff [http://magazine.byu.edu/?act=view&a=843 "'The Fire Within"] ''BYU Magazine'', Winter 2002, retrieved October 28, 2006.</ref> Romney revamped the organization's leadership and policies, reduced budgets and boosted fundraising. He also worked to ensure the safety of the Games following the terrorist attacks of [[September 11, 2001]] by coordinating a $300 million security budget.<ref> Rice, Lewis. [http://www.law.harvard.edu/alumni/bulletin/2002/spring/feature_1-2.html "Games Saver"] ''Harvard Law Bulletin'', Spring 2002, retrieved October 28, 2006.</ref> Despite the initial fiscal shortfall, the Games ended up clearing a profit of $100 million, not counting the $224.5 million in security costs contributed by outside sources.<ref>{{citenews |date=[[October 20]], [[2001]]| title= SLOC has plenty to fund security, organizers say |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/oly/view/0,3949,30000033,00.html| work=Deseret News}}</ref><ref>{{citenews | first= | last= | coauthors= | title= SLOC plotting how to dole out Olympics profits
On [[February 11]], [[1999]], Romney was hired as the new president and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee.<ref name="Fire Within"> Call, Jeff [http://magazine.byu.edu/?act=view&a=843 "'The Fire Within"] ''BYU Magazine'', Winter 2002, retrieved October 28, 2006.</ref> Romney revamped the organization's leadership and policies, reduced budgets and boosted fundraising. He also worked to ensure the safety of the Games following the terrorist attacks of [[September 11, 2001]] by coordinating a $300 million security budget.<ref> Rice, Lewis. [http://www.law.harvard.edu/alumni/bulletin/2002/spring/feature_1-2.html "Games Saver"] ''Harvard Law Bulletin'', Spring 2002, retrieved October 28, 2006.</ref> Despite the initial fiscal shortfall, the Games ended up clearing a profit of $100 million, not counting the $224.5 million in security costs contributed by outside sources.<ref>{{citenews |date=[[October 20]], [[2001]]| url=http://www.deseretnews.com/oly/view/0,3949,30000033,00.html}}</ref><ref>{{citenews | first= | last= | coauthors= | title= SLOC plotting how to dole out Olympics profits
|date=[[September 17]], [[2002]] | publisher= | url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/print?id=1433186&type=news | work=Associated Press | pages= | accessdate = 2007-04-20 }}</ref>
|date=[[September 17]], [[2002]] | publisher= | url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/print?id=1433186&type=news | work=Associated Press | pages= | accessdate = 2007-04-20 }}</ref>


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New Hampshire<ref>[[Opinion_polling_for_the_Republican_Party_%28United_States%29_presidential_primaries%2C_2008#New_Hampshire]]</ref> as well as polling strongly in Nevada<ref>[[Opinion_polling_for_the_Republican_Party_%28United_States%29_presidential_primaries%2C_2008#Nevada]]</ref>,
New Hampshire<ref>[[Opinion_polling_for_the_Republican_Party_%28United_States%29_presidential_primaries%2C_2008#New_Hampshire]]</ref> as well as polling strongly in Nevada<ref>[[Opinion_polling_for_the_Republican_Party_%28United_States%29_presidential_primaries%2C_2008#Nevada]]</ref>,
Michigan<ref>[[Opinion_polling_for_the_Republican_Party_%28United_States%29_presidential_primaries%2C_2008#Michigan]]</ref> (which may be a key early state), Utah<ref>[[Opinion_polling_for_the_Republican_Party_%28United_States%29_presidential_primaries%2C_2008#Utah]]</ref> and Idaho<ref>[[Opinion_polling_for_the_Republican_Party_%28United_States%29_presidential_primaries%2C_2008#Idaho]]</ref>.
Michigan<ref>[[Opinion_polling_for_the_Republican_Party_%28United_States%29_presidential_primaries%2C_2008#Michigan]]</ref> (which may be a key early state), Utah<ref>[[Opinion_polling_for_the_Republican_Party_%28United_States%29_presidential_primaries%2C_2008#Utah]]</ref> and Idaho<ref>[[Opinion_polling_for_the_Republican_Party_%28United_States%29_presidential_primaries%2C_2008#Idaho]]</ref>.

Some media outlets have reported that voter perceptions of Romney's campaign may be influenced by the fact that his paternal great-grandparents emigrated to Mexico in the nineteenth century, where they would not be subject to laws banning their polygamous practices.<ref>[http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/02/24/romney_family_tree_has_polygamy_branch Romney's family tree has polygamy branch] ''Associated Press,'' [[February 24]] [[2007]] via ''Boston Globe''.</ref><ref name="ancestors">[http://web.archive.org/web/20060822222607/http://www.sltrib.com/ci_4212788 Could ancestors haunt Romney?] ''Salt Lake Tribune,'' [[August 21]] [[2006]], via archive.org.</ref> Mitt Romney has denounced plural marriage, and is a proponent of traditional monogamous marriage.<ref>Douglas Kmiec, [http://article.nationalreview.com/print/?q=YzhhMzg5ZmQ2OTlhNmNhYmM2MzYwNzEwNWVjNWE1Njc= Revising Kennedy], ''National Review'', [[November 14]] [[2007]], quoting Romney: "There is nothing more awful, in my view, than the violation of the marriage covenant that one has with one’s wife. The practice of polygamy is abhorrent, it’s awful, and it drives me nuts that people who are polygamists keep pretending to use the umbrella of my church....My church abhors it, it excommunicates people who practice it, and it's got nothing to do with my faith."</ref>


==Political positions==
==Political positions==

Revision as of 02:30, 4 December 2007

Mitt Romney
70th Governor of Massachusetts
In office
January 2, 2003 – January 4, 2007
LieutenantKerry Healey
Preceded byJane M. Swift (acting)
Succeeded byDeval Patrick
Personal details
Born (1947-03-12) March 12, 1947 (age 77)
Detroit, Michigan
NationalityAmerican
Political partyRepublican
SpouseAnn Romney
Children5
Alma materBrigham Young University, Harvard University

Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12 1947) is an American, businessman, and politician from the state of Michigan and later Massachusetts. Formerly the 70th Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Romney is currently seeking the Republican nomination in the 2008 United States presidential election.[1]

Romney is a former CEO of Bain & Company, a management consulting firm, and the co-founder of Bain Capital, a private equity investment firm. After a life in business and as the CEO of the 2002 Winter Olympics, Romney was elected as Massachusetts Governor in 2002. Romney served one term and did not seek re-election in 2006; his term expired January 4, 2007.[2]

Early life and family background

Mitt Romney is the son of former Michigan Governor and 1968 presidential candidate George W. Romney, and 1970 U.S. Senate candidate Lenore Romney. His name "Willard" was after hotel magnate J. Willard Marriott, his father's best friend.[3] Mitt, his middle name, comes from his father's cousin Milton, who played football for the Chicago Bears.[citation needed] Mitt Romney has three older siblings: Lynn Romney Keenan, Jane Romney Robinson, and G. Scott Romney.[4]

Romney has been married to high school girlfriend Ann Davies since 1968. Both are members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (commonly known as Mormons).[5] They have five married sons —Taggart, Matthew, Joshua, Benjamin and Craig — and eleven grandchildren.[6] Romney is a former bishop and stake president in his church. He does not drink or smoke.[7][8][9]

Romney's paternal great-grandparents were polygamist Mormons who moved to Mexico in 1884 after the U.S. Supreme Court upheld various anti-polygamy laws in 1879.[10] Romney's father, George Romney, was born in Chihuahua, Mexico, and the family moved to the United States in 1912[10] after the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution. [11][12]

Education

Mitt Romney graduated from the Cranbrook School in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan (now Cranbrook Kingswood School). After attending Stanford University for two quarters, Romney served in France for 30 months as a missionary for LDS Church.[13] In June of 1968 Romney was involved in a serious car accident while driving fellow missionaries in southern France. Another vehicle hit Romney's car head on; the fault for the accident, which left one person dead, has been attributed to the driver of the other vehicle.[14]

After his mission service Romney began attending Brigham Young University, where he graduated as valedictorian, earning his B.A. summa cum laude in 1971. In 1975, Romney graduated from a joint JD/MBA program coordinated between Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School. He graduated cum laude from the law school and was named a Baker Scholar for graduating in the top five percent of his business school class.[15]

Business career

After graduation Romney went to work for the The Boston Consulting Group, where he had interned during the summer of 1974.[16] From 1978 to 1984, Romney was a vice president of Bain & Company, Inc., another Boston-based management consulting firm. In 1984, Romney left Bain & Company to co-found a Bain & Company spin-off private equity investment firm called Bain Capital.[17] During the 14 years he headed the company, Bain Capital's average annual internal rate of return on realized investments was 113 percent,[18] making money primarily through leveraged buyouts.[19] He invested in or bought many well-known companies such as Staples, Brookstone, Domino's, Sealy Corporation and The Sports Authority.[20]

In 1990, Romney was asked to return to Bain & Company, which was facing financial collapse. As CEO, Romney managed an effort to restructure the firm's employee stock-ownership plan, real-estate deals and bank loans, while increasing fiscal transparency. Within a year, he had led Bain & Company through a highly successful turnaround and returned the firm to profitability without layoffs or partner defections.[18]

Romney left Bain Capital in 1998 to head the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympic Games Organizing Committee.[21]

He and his wife have a net worth of between 190 and 250 million USD.[22]

CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee

Romney served as president and CEO of the 2002 Olympic Winter Games held in Salt Lake City. In 1999, the event was running $379 million short of its revenue benchmarks. Plans were being made to scale back the games in order to compensate for the fiscal crisis.[23] The Games were also damaged by allegations of bribery involving top officials, including then Salt Lake Olympic Committee (SLOC) President and CEO Frank Joklik. Joklik and SLOC vice president Dave Johnson were forced to resign.[24]

On February 11, 1999, Romney was hired as the new president and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee.[25] Romney revamped the organization's leadership and policies, reduced budgets and boosted fundraising. He also worked to ensure the safety of the Games following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 by coordinating a $300 million security budget.[26] Despite the initial fiscal shortfall, the Games ended up clearing a profit of $100 million, not counting the $224.5 million in security costs contributed by outside sources.[27][28]

Romney contributed $1 million to the Olympics, and donated the $825,000 salary he earned as President and CEO to charity.[29] He wrote a book about his experience called Turnaround (ISBN 978-1-59698-514-8).

Massachusetts political campaigns

Campaign for United States Senate, 1994 election

In 1994, Romney won the Massachusetts Republican Party's nomination for U.S. Senate after defeating businessman John Lakian in the primary.[30] Romney's mother had run for the Senate in 1970.[31] Some early polls showed Romney close to the Senator Ted Kennedy. One Boston Herald/WCVB-TV poll taken after the September 20, 1994 primary showed Romney ahead 44 percent to 42 percent, within the poll's sampling margin of error.[32] Kennedy, who typically faced only "token" GOP opposition for his senate seat was more vulnerable than usual in 1994, in part because of the unpopularity of the Democratic Congress as a whole and also because this was Kennedy's first election since the William Kennedy Smith trial in Florida, in which Ted Kennedy had taken some public relations hits regarding his character. President Bill Clinton traveled to Massachusetts to campaign for Kennedy.[citation needed]

After Romney touted his business credentials and his record at creating jobs within his company, Kennedy ran campaign ads showing an Indiana company bought out by Romney's firm, Bain Capital, and interviews with its union workers who had been fired and criticized Romney for the loss of their jobs, one saying, "I don’t think Romney is creating jobs because he took every one of them away."[33] Although both Kennedy and Romney supported the abortion rights established under Roe v. Wade, Kennedy accused Romney of being "multiple choice" on the issue, rather than "pro choice" (a shot at what he stated were Romney's flip flops on the issue). According to figures in The Almanac of American Politics 1996, which relies on official campaign finance reports, Romney spent over $7 million of his own money, with Kennedy spending more than $10 million from his campaign fund, mostly in the last weeks of the campaign (this was the second-most expensive race of the 1994 election cycle, after the Dianne Feinstein vs. Michael Huffington Senate race in California).[34] Kennedy won the election with 58 percent of the vote to Romney's 41 percent, the smallest margin in Kennedy's nine elections to the Senate through 2006.[35]

Campaign for Governor, 2002 election

Main article: Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 2002
See also: 2002 Mitt Romney residency issue

In 2002, Republican Lieutenant Governor Jane Swift was expected to campaign for the governor's office. Swift had served as acting governor after Republican Governor Paul Cellucci resigned upon being appointed U.S. Ambassador to Canada. Swift was viewed as an unpopular executive, and her administration was plagued by political missteps and personal scandals.[36] Many Republicans viewed her as a liability and considered her unable to win a general election against a Democrat.[37] Prominent GOP activists campaigned to persuade Romney to run for governor.[38] One poll taken at this time showed that Republicans favored Romney over Swift by more than 50 percentage points.[39] Swift decided not to seek her party's nomination.

Massachusetts Democratic Party officials claimed that Romney was ineligible to run for governor, citing residency issues. The Massachusetts Constitution requires seven consecutive years of residency prior to a run for office. Romney claimed residency in Utah from 1999 to 2002, during his time as president of the Salt Lake City Olympic Committee. In 1999 he listed himself as a part-time Massachusetts resident.[40] The Massachusetts Democratic Party filed a complaint with the Massachusetts State Ballot Law Commission, which eventually ruled that Romney was eligible to run for office. The ruling was not challenged in court.[41]

Supporters of Romney hailed his business record, especially his success with the 2002 Olympics, as that of one who would be able to bring in a new era of efficiency into Massachusetts politics.[42] Romney contributed $6.3 million to his own campaign during the election, at the time a state record.[43] Romney was elected Governor in November 2002 with 50 percent of the vote over Democratic candidate Shannon O'Brien, who received 45 percent of the vote.[44]

Governor of Massachusetts, 2003–2007

Main article: Governorship of Mitt Romney

Romney was sworn in as the 70th governor of Massachusetts on January 2, 2003. Upon entering office, Romney faced a projected $3 billion deficit, but a previously enacted $1.3 billion capital gains tax increase and $500 million in unanticipated federal grants decreased the deficit to $1.2 billion.[45]

Through a combination of spending cuts and lower taxes, and removal of tax loopholes the State had a $700 million surplus by 2006.[46] Romney supported raising various fees by $500 million per year, including raising fees for driver's licenses, marriage licenses, and gun licenses.[47] Romney increased the state gasoline tax by 2 cents per gallon, generating about $60 million per year in additional tax revenue.[48] Romney also closed a tax loopholes that brought in another $181 million from businesses over the next two years;[48] The state legislature with Romney's support also cut spending by $1.6 billion, including $700 million in reductions in state aid to cities and towns. [49] The cuts also included a $140 million reduction in state funding for higher education, which led state-run colleges and universities to increase tuition by 63%.[48] Romney sought additional cuts in his last year as Massachusetts governor by vetoing nearly 250 items in the state budget. All of those vetoes were overturned by the legislature.[50]

According to an analysis by the Tax Foundation, the state and local tax burden in Massachusetts increased from 10 percent to 10.6 percent of per capita income during Romney's governorship.[48]

On April 12, 2006, Romney signed the Massachusetts health reform law which mandates nearly all Massachusetts residents to buy health insurance coverage or else face a substantial penalty in the form of an additional income tax assessment. The bill also establishes means-tested state subsidies for people without adequate employer insurance and who make below an income threshold by using funds previously designated to compensate for the health costs of the uninsured.[51] [52] [53] He vetoed 8 sections of the health care legislation, including an employer assessment[54] [55] and provisions providing health coverage to senior and disabled legal immigrants not eligible for federal Medicaid.[56] [57] The legislature overrode all eight vetoes. Romney's communications director Eric Fehrnstrom responded saying "These differences with the Legislature are not essential to the goal of getting everyone covered with insurance."

At the beginning of his governorship, Romney opposed same-sex marriage and civil unions.[58] [59] Faced with the dilemma of choosing between same-sex marriage or civil unions after the November 2003 Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court decision legalizing same-sex marriages (Goodridge v. Department of Public Health), Romney reluctantly backed a state constitutional amendment in February 2004 that would have banned same-sex marriage but still allow civil unions, viewing it as the only feasible way to ban same-sex marriage in Massachusetts.[60] In May 2004 Romney instructed town clerks to begin issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples, but citing a 1913 law that barred out-of-state residents from getting married in Massachusetts if their union would be illegal in their home state, [61] [62] no marriage licenses were to be issued to out-of-state same-sex couples not planning to move to Massachusetts. In June 2005, Romney abandoned his support for the compromise amendment, stating that the amendment confused voters who oppose both same-sex marriage and civil unions. Instead, Romney endorsed a petition effort led by the Coalition for Marriage & Family that would have banned same-sex marriage and made no provisions for civil unions.[63] In 2006 he urged the U.S. Senate to vote in favor of the Marriage Protection Amendment.[64][65]

On December 14, 2005, Romney announced that he would not seek re-election for a second term as governor.[66] Romney left office with a favorability rating of 43%. [67]

Romney filed papers to establish a formal exploratory presidential campaign committee the next to last day in office as governor.[68] Romney's term ended January 4, 2007.

Campaign for United States President, 2008 election

Template:Future election candidate

Main article: Mitt Romney presidential campaign, 2008
File:Mitt Romney for President.jpg
2008 presidential campaign logo

Since the 2004 Republican National Convention, Romney had been discussed as a potential 2008 presidential candidate.[69] On January 3 2007, two days before he stepped down as governor of Massachusetts, Romney filed to form a presidential exploratory committee with the Federal Election Commission.[70][71] On February 13, 2007 Romney formally announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination for president in 2008.

In August, 2007, Romney won the Ames Straw Poll with 31% of the vote.[72] His closest rival in the Straw Poll, Mike Huckabee, received 18% of the total vote. [73] Rudy Giuliani, John McCain, and the then-unofficial candidate Fred Thompson, did not attend. Romney also won the Illinois Straw Poll with 40.35% of the vote, with Fred Thompson coming in 2nd with 19.96% of the total vote.[74]

Romney has been criticized for comparing his sons' campaign service to service in the military. Said Romney, "one of the ways my sons are showing support for our nation is helping to get me elected.” Neither Romney nor his five sons have served in the military.[75] Romney later apologized and said he misspoke and that there is no comparison to the sacrifice that military persons make.[76]

Romney at a parade in Milford, New Hampshire; September 3, 2007

Another criticism of Romney is that he is the Republican version of John Kerry. Former NYC Mayor Rudy Giuliani, one of his main rivals, accused Romney of 'flip-flopping' on issues[77]. For example, Romney is seen to have changed his views on gay rights because of his previous support for Bill Clinton's "Don't Ask, Don't Tell Policy". [78]. Also like Kerry, Mitt Romney is financing much of his campaign with his own personal fortune, contributing over $17 million to the campaign[79].

As of September 2007, state-by-state polls for the 2008 Republican nomination show that Romney has electoral support in the key early states of Iowa[80], and New Hampshire[81] as well as polling strongly in Nevada[82], Michigan[83] (which may be a key early state), Utah[84] and Idaho[85].

Political positions

Main article: Political positions of Mitt Romney

Mitt Romney's political positions have changed considerably over the course of his political career. As a candidate for office in Massachusetts, Romney repeatedly claimed[86][87] to hold liberal or moderate views on social issues such as abortion and gay marriage. As a candidate for the Republican nomination for President, Romney has expressed views more in line with traditional conservative ones on social issues, and now portrays himself as a social conservative.[88][89]

Romney has explained his changing views as a process of evolution, contending that he has gradually come to agree with the conservative position on numerous social issues.[90][91] Critics of Romney, on the left and the right, are less flattering and portray Romney as an opportunist. Democratic Massachusetts Congressman Barney Frank, once said of Romney “The real Romney is clearly an extraordinarily ambitious man with no perceivable political principle whatsoever. He is the most intellectually dishonest human being in the history of politics.”[92] Fellow Republican Presidential candidate Senator John McCain also criticized Romney, saying "Maybe I should wait a couple of weeks and see if it [Romney's views on immigration] changes because it's changed in less than a year from his position before."[93][94] Romney now believes that Roe v. Wade should be overturned and believes a constitutional amendment is appropriate when America is ready for it and that abortion is wrong except to save the life of the mother.[95] Romney has made pro-choice comments in the past, but now says he has reversed his position.[96]

As governor of Massachusetts, Romney opposed amending the constitution to codify only traditional marriage, believing it unnecessary. He changed his mind in 2003, however, when the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled in favor of legalized same-sex marriage, Romney lobbied for a state constitutional amendment.[97]

Romney supported the invasion of Iraq[98], and supports the Iraq War troop surge of 2007, though in Summer 2007 he said that it was still too early to gauge its success.[99] Upon hearing the testimony of General Petraeus, Romney reemphasized his agreement with current policy in Iraq and has called for a "Surge of Support" for the military. Romney has called for increased military spending to at least 4% of the United States GDP and wishes to increase the size of the military by at least 100,000 troops[100].

Romney has focused on tax relief for "middle income Americans" and has advocated eliminating the capital gains tax for all those who earn less than $200,000 per year. [101] Romney has also advocated eliminating the inheritance tax,[102] signed a pledge to oppose "any and all efforts" to increase income taxes,[103] and promises to control spending by Congress.

Romney currently supports the death penalty, charter schools, and sentencing under the three strikes law.[104][105][106] Romney has called for secure borders through reforming current immigration laws. Romney welcomes increased legal immigration and supports implementing a mandatory biometrically enabled, tamper proof documentation and employment verification system. Romney said that he would like to see illegal immigrants register with the government and apply for citizenship.[107] Romney supports the use of enhanced interrogation techniques[108] but says that he opposes the use of torture during prisoner interrogation.[109]

Electoral history

  • 2002 Race for Governor, Massachusetts
  • 1994 Race for U.S. Senate, Massachusetts
    • Edward Kennedy (D) (incumbent), 58%
    • Mitt Romney (R), 41%
    • Lauraleigh Dozier (L), 0.7%
    • William Ferguson, 0.2%

See also

References

  1. ^ Romney formally announces run for president Boston Globe, February 13, 2007
  2. ^ Phillips, Frank and Helman, Scott. "It's 1 term for Romney; he says 'future is open'" The Boston Globe, December 15, 2005), retrieved October 28, 2006.
  3. ^ Wheaton, Sarah. "Romney Appeals to Core Audience." The New York Times, 28 January 2007.
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  6. ^ Jose Antonio Vargas (2007-06-09). "Romney brothers dish on Dad". Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved 2007-11-24. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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  8. ^ http://www.ldsmag.com/books/070316presidents.html
  9. ^ http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/05/10/60minutes/main2787426.shtml
  10. ^ a b Romney's family tree has polygamous roots Associated Press, February 24 2007
  11. ^ Could ancestors haunt Romney? Polygamous family tree of Mitt Romney Salt Lake Tribune, August 21 2006
  12. ^ http://www.epcc.edu/nwlibrary/borderlands/19_mormons.htm
  13. ^ Miller, John J. "Matinee Mitt." National Review, June 20 2005.-
  14. ^ Paulson, Michael. "Survivors recall tragic car crash in France with Romney at the wheel" Boston.com News, June 24 2007.-
  15. ^ Hugh Hewitt, A Mormon in the White House, March 2007
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  17. ^ Pappu, Sridhar. "The Holy Cow! Candidate", The Atlantic Monthly, September 2005, retrieved October 28, 2006.
  18. ^ a b Rees, Matthew."Mister PowerPoint Goes to Washington" The American, December 1, 2006, retrieved December 16, 2006.
  19. ^ Kirkpatrick, David (2007-06-04). "Romney's Fortunes Tied to Business Riches". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-08-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ "Bain Capital's Romney aiming for politics after Olympics" from BizJournals.com
  21. ^ Mitt Romney Commonwealth of Massachusetts (Official web page of Governor Romney) (no date) via The Internet Archive (retrieved July 22, 2007) Mitt Romney
  22. ^ Kuhnhenn, Jim (2007-08-13). "Romney Worth As Much As $250 Million". Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-08-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  23. ^ Carp, Steve (July 22, 2001). "Romney's efforts credited for saving Salt Lake Games". Las Vegas Review Journal. Retrieved 2007-04-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  24. ^ "Salt Lake Olympics rocked by resignations, evidence of payments" CNN.com, January 8, 1999, retrieved October 28, 2006.
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  28. ^ "SLOC plotting how to dole out Olympics profits". Associated Press. September 17, 2002. Retrieved 2007-04-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  29. ^ Eastland, Terry "In 2008, Will It Be Mormon in America?" The Weekly Standard June 6, 2005, retrieved October 28, 2006.
  30. ^ Gizzi, John "Romney and Rebellion" Human Events Publishing, May 17, 2004; retrieved October 29, 2004
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  32. ^ Gordon, Al. "Kennedy in Fight Of His Political Life" Newsday (Nassau and Suffoklk edition), pg. A04, October 2, 1994; retrieved October 29, 2006.
  33. ^ Hall, Mike (May 31, 2007). "Romney's 'Business Experience': Firing Workers, Hiring Them Back at Lower Wages". AFL/CIO. AFL/CIO Blog. Retrieved 2007-06-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  34. ^ Miller, Jerry (April 24, 2000). "Record Fundraising". CNSNews. Retrieved 2007-04-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  35. ^ Taranto, James Latter-day President?: A Mitt Romney candidacy would test the religious right The Wall Street Journal Saturday, December 31, 2005; retrieved October 29, 2006.
  36. ^ Associated Press. "Massachusetts's first female governor takes office, under heavy statewide scrutiny" The Daily Texan, April 11, 2001; retrieved October 29, 2006.
  37. ^ Frank, Mitch. "Jane Swift Takes One For the Team:The Massachusetts GOP took a risk by choosing Mitt Romney over the more progressive Swift. Will their decision come back to haunt them?" Time Magazine, Mar. 21, 2002; retrieved Octover 29, 2006.
  38. ^ Berwick Jr., Bob and Roch, Lisa Riley. "Boston GOP beseeching Mitt: But hero of S.L. Games is coy about his future" Deseret News, February 22, 2002; retrieved November 1, 2006.
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  40. ^ Mcelhenny, John (Associated Press) "Romney defends right to run for governor" Portsmouth Herald", Tuesday, June 18, 2002, retrieved November 1, 2006.
  41. ^ Belluck, Pam. "Massachusetts Ballot Panel Allows Race By Republican" New York Times (Abstract) (Page A-17, Col. 4), June 26, 2002, retrieved November 1, 2006.
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  43. ^ "Gabrieli surpasses spending record" Brian C. Mooney Boston Globe; August 22, 2006, Retrieved November 20, 2006.
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  45. ^ More Mitt Missteps, Factcheck.org, July 9, 2007
  46. ^ "Mr Smooth of Massachusetts". The Economist. 2007-07-07.
  47. ^ "Mitt Romney on Tax Reform". Ontheissues.org. Retrieved 2007-06-17. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  48. ^ a b c d Mooney, Brian (June 29, 2007). "Taking office, remaining an outsider". Boston Globe. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
  49. ^ "Property taxes still on rise in Mass". Matt Viser, Boston Globe. {{cite web}}: Text "December 18, 2005" ignored (help)
  50. ^ "Romney's vetoes seldom stood". DANIEL Barrick, Concord Monitor. 2007-05-03.
  51. ^ Crook, Clive (2006-06-27). "The Massachusetts Experiment". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2006-11-21.
  52. ^ An Act Providing Access to Affordable, Quality, Accountable Health Care. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Acts of 2006 (Session Laws), Chapter 58. Retrieved January 2, 2007.
  53. ^ Dembner, Alice. Outline for new insurance plan proposed Boston Globe. January 19, 2007. Retrieved January 19, 2007.
  54. ^ Scott S. Greenberger (2005-11-04). "House approves healthcare overhaul: Tax at odds with plans by Romney, Travaglini". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2007-11-24. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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  61. ^ "Will the State of Massachusetts Ever Permit Same-Sex Out-of-Staters to Marry?". FindLaw.
  62. ^ Greenberger, Scott S. (May 21, 2004). "History suggests race was the basis". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2006-12-08.
  63. ^ Lewis, Raphael (June 17, 2005). "Romney backs new effort to prohibit gay marriages". Retrieved 2006-12-08.
  64. ^ Romney, Mitt (June 2, 2006). "Letter to the US Senate" (PDF). mass.gov. Retrieved 2006-12-08.
  65. ^ "Testimony of Honorable Mitt Romney, Governor, Massachusetts". US Senate Committee on the Judiciary. June 22, 2004. Retrieved 2006-12-08.
  66. ^ Phillips, Frank (2005-12-14). "Romney to announce he won't seek re-election". Boston Globe. Retrieved 2006-11-21.
  67. ^ http://wbztv.com/local/local_story_137120921.html
  68. ^ Estes, Andrea; and Helman, Scott. Romney exits with pomp, ambition: Ends term, takes 1st formal step for White House bid Boston Globe. January 4, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2007.
  69. ^ Bradley, Nina "Is Romney ready for the big time?: Mass. Gov. gets plum prime-time speaking spot during convention MSNBC, August 29, 2004; retrieved October 29, 2006
  70. ^ "FEC statement of candidacy". Retrieved 2007-10-21.
  71. ^ Romney Takes Step Toward an ’08 Run New York Times, January 4, 2007. Retrieved January 4, 2007.
  72. ^ http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,293003,00.html
  73. ^ http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=aj67AMOxCXYo&refer=us
  74. ^ http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2007/08/16/mitt-romney-wins-illinois-straw-poll/
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  76. ^ http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,293030,00.html
  77. ^ http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2007/10/10/ghosts-of-2004-in-latest-giuliani-romney-skirmish/
  78. ^ Michael Luo (2007-09-08). "Romney's Tone on Gay Rights Is Seen as Shift". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-11-24. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  79. ^ "Mitt Romney's campaign finances". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-11-24. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  80. ^ Opinion_polling_for_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)_presidential_primaries,_2008#Iowa
  81. ^ Opinion_polling_for_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)_presidential_primaries,_2008#New_Hampshire
  82. ^ Opinion_polling_for_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)_presidential_primaries,_2008#Nevada
  83. ^ Opinion_polling_for_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)_presidential_primaries,_2008#Michigan
  84. ^ Opinion_polling_for_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)_presidential_primaries,_2008#Utah
  85. ^ Opinion_polling_for_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)_presidential_primaries,_2008#Idaho
  86. ^ "Romney's stance on civil unions draws fire". Boston Globe. 2005-02-23.
  87. ^ "Romney's Tone on Gay Rights Is Seen as Shift". New York Times. 2007-09-08.
  88. ^ "Profile: Mitt Romney". BBC. 2007-02-15.
  89. ^ "The Romney Agenda: The Three-Legged Republican Stool". Mitt Romney.Com. 2007-10-15.
  90. ^ "Mitt Romney says he opposes abortion". MSNBC. 2007-02-07.
  91. ^ "GOP group to slam Romney on abortion". Boston Globe. 2007-11-28.
  92. ^ "Congressman Frank blasts the 'real Romney'". Boston Herald. 2007-06-11.
  93. ^ "McCain Hits Romney Hard". LatestPolitics.Com. 2007-05-21.
  94. ^ "McCain Jabs Romney on Immigration". Washington Post. 2007-05-22.
  95. ^ http://www.mittromney.com/Issue-Watch/Values
  96. ^ http://www.mittromney.com/Issue-Watch/Values
  97. ^ Phillips, Frank (February 23, 2005). "Romney's stance on civil unions draws fire". LifesiteNews. Retrieved 2007-04-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  98. ^ Lorentzen, Amy (July 27, 2007). "Romney:U.S. is angry about Iraq". American Spectator. Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2007-04-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  99. ^ https://www.mittromney.com/News/Press-Releases/Iraq_Statement_1_10_07 Press release from official Mitt Romney website
  100. ^ http://mittromney.com/News/In-The-News/Defense_Energy_Research_Spending
  101. ^ "Mitt Romney Iowa Straw Poll Speech". CSPAN. 2007-11-08.
  102. ^ "Romney rolls through business plan in hopes of winning Iowa". Boston Globe. 2007-08-10. {{cite news}}: Text "http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/08/10/romney_rolls_through_business_plan_in_hopes_of_winning_iowa/" ignored (help)
  103. ^ Helman, Scott (2007-01-05). "Romney finds 'no new taxes' promise suits him after all". Boston Globe.
  104. ^ Lewis, Raphael (April 29, 2005). "Romney files death penalty bill". Boston Globe. Retrieved 2007-04-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  105. ^ Sacchetti, Maria (February 1, 2005). "Romney plan would greatly boost charter schools". Boston Globe. Retrieved 2007-04-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  106. ^ "Mitt Romney on crime". OnTheIssues. , 1994. Retrieved 2007-04-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  107. ^ http://www.mittromney.com/Issue-Watch/Immigration
  108. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8NKiz18k4o
  109. ^ "Mitt Romney Iowa Straw Poll Speech". CSPAN. 2007-11-08.
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Preceded by
Jane Swift
as Acting Governor
 Governor of Massachusetts
January 2, 2003 – January 4, 2007 		Succeeded by
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Preceded by Massachusetts Republican Party gubernatorial candidate
2002 		Succeeded by

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