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=== Ardabil Carpet ===
=== Ardabil Carpet ===
[[Image:ardabil_carpet.jpg|frame|right|The Ardabil Carpet, Persia, dated 946 AH. V&A Museum no. 272-1893. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London]]

The '''Ardabil Carpet''' ('''Ardebil Carpet''') is either of two famous [[Persian carpet]]s which are currently held in the collections of the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] in [[London]] and the [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]].

Completed during the rule of the [[Safavid]] [[Shah]] [[Tahmasp I]] in the mid-[[16th century]], probably in [[Tabriz]], the carpets are considered some of the best of the classical Persian school of carpet creation. They were first placed in a [[Mosque]] in [[Ardabil]], but they had been damaged in [[Iran]] and were sold in 1890<ref name="Getty autobiography">{{cite book |last= Getty |first= J. Paul |authorlink= J. Paul Getty |title= As I See It: The Autobiography of J. Paul Getty |url= |format= [[html]] |date= Revised 2003 edition |publisher= Getty Trust Publications |location= Los Angeles |isbn= 978-0-89236-700-9 |pages= pp. 270-271 |quote= }}</ref> to a [[United Kingdom|British]] carpet broker who restored one of the carpets using the other and then resold it to the Victoria and Albert Museum. [[William Morris]], then an [[Peer review|art referee]] for the V&A, was instrumental in the acquisition.<ref name="Perspective">{{cite web |url= http://www.vam.ac.uk/res_cons/conservation/journal/number_49/ardabil_carpet/index.html |title= "The Ardabil Carpet - a new perspective." |author= Lynda Hillyer (Head of Textile Conservation) and Boris Pretzel (Materials Scientist) |format= [[html]] |work= [[Victoria and Albert Museum]], [http://www.vam.ac.uk/res_cons/conservation/journal/index.html Conservation Journal] Spring 2005: Number 49 |quote= It was [[William Morris]], in his capacity as one of the V&A's Art Referees, who persuaded the Museum to raise, with the aid of public subscription, the then vast sum of [[Pound sterling|£]]2000 to purchase the carpet in March 1893. }}</ref>

The second "secret" carpet was sold to American businessmen [[Clarence Mackay]] and was exchanged by wealthy buyers for years. Passing through the Mackay, [[Charles Yerkes|Yerkes]], and De la Mare art collections, it was eventually revealed and shown in [[1931]] at an exposition in [[London]]. American industrialist [[J. Paul Getty]] saw it, and bought it from Lord Duveen for approximately $70,000 several years later. Getty was approached by agents on behalf of King [[Farouk of Egypt]] who offered $250,000 so that it could be given as a wedding present.<ref name="Farouk">{{cite web |url= http://www.raken.com/american_wealth/Wildcatter_Oil_Barons/Jean_Paul_Getty_14.asp |title= "J. Paul Getty buys art in Europe and the Pierre Hotel in New York." |format= [[html]] |work= Raken.com |quote= He [Getty] paid £14000 for the piece once declared “not for sale” by Lord [[Joseph Duveen, 1st Baron Duveen|Joseph Duveen]]. Years later [in 1938] he turned down an offer of $250,000 from King [[Farouk of Egypt]], who wanted the rug as a wedding present for [[Fawzia Shirin|his sister]], when she married the [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|Shah of Iran]]. }}</ref> Getty later donated the carpet to the Museum of Science, History, and Art in the [[Exposition Park (Los Angeles)|Exposition Park]] in [[Los Angeles]].

This most famous of Persian carpets has been the subject of endless copies ranging in size from small rugs to full scale carpets. There is an 'Ardabil' at [[10 Downing Street]] and even [[Hitler]] had an 'Ardabil' in his office in [[Berlin]].<ref name="Perspective"/><ref name="Geometry">{{cite web |url= http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/object_stories/ardabil/index.html |title= "The Surprising Geometry of the Ardabil Carpet." |author= Jennifer Wearden (paper presented at [http://www.vam.ac.uk/res_cons/research/research_reports/1995-1997/conf_papers/index.html Ars Textrina International Textiles Conference] July 1995, [[University of Leeds]]) |format= [[html]] |work= [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] |quote= }}</ref>

The foundation is of [[silk]] with [[wool]] pile of a knot density at 300-350 knots per square inch (470-540.000 knots per square metres, i.e. 26 million total knots). The size of the carpets are 34 1/2 feet by 17 1/2 feet ( 10,5 metres x 5,3 metres).<ref name="Jozan">{{cite web |url= http://www.jozan.net/2004/Ardabil-carpet.htm |title= "The Ardabil Carpets." |author= |format= [[html]] |work= Jozan Magazine on Oriental Rugs |date= [[31 January]] [[2003]] |quote= Sources: [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]], ''The Oriental Rug Lexicon'' by Peter F. Stone. }}</ref> The carpets have an inscription: a [[couplet]] from a [[ghazal]] by Persian mythic poet [[Hafez]] and a signature.<ref name="Inscription">{{cite web |url= http://www.worldisround.com/articles/73022/photo2152.html |title= "The famous Ardebil Persian rug." |author= Shahram Razavi |format= [[html]] |work= WorldIsRound.com (includes closeup photograph of central medallion) |quote= }}</ref>

{{Quotation|The 'Ardebil' carpet, now in the [[Victoria and Albert Museum|Victoria & Albert Museum]] in [[London]], is probably the best known of all old Persian carpets. It is one of a pair which came to [[England]] in [[1893]] virtually in tatters. The decision was made to sacrifice one carpet so that the other could be restored. The cost of this work was prohibitively high, even for a museum, and it was only after an extensive public appeal that sufficient funds were raised for work to go ahead. There can be little doubt that in this case the end justified the means. The carpet, measuring 38′ long by 18′ wide, is an extremely fine speciment bearing an inscription by the weaver. This inscription reads:<br /><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ''I have no refuge in the world other than thy threshold.<br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; There is no protection for my head other than this door.''<br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ''The work of the slave of the threshold Maqsud of Kashan in the year 946.''<br /><br /> Translating this date into the Christian calendar shows that the carpet was woven around the years 1539-40 during the reign of [[Tahmasp I|Shah Tahmasp]], one of the great patrons of carpet weaving. The incomplete remainder of the other 'Ardebil' carpet, which bears the same inscription and date, was given by [[J. Paul Getty]] to the [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art|Los Angeles County Museum]].|[[Essie Sakhai]]|The Story of Carpet. <ref name="Sakhai">{{cite book |last= Sakhai |first= Essie |authorlink= Essie Sakhai |title= The Story of Carpet |url= |format= [[html]] |date= 1991 |publisher= Studio Editions, Ltd. |location= Princess House, [[London]] |isbn=1-85170-727-1 |pages= pp. 10-11 |chapter= Chapter 1: In the Beginning |quote= }}</ref> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; }}

== References ==
{{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Ardabil Carpet}}

[[Category:Persian rugs]]
[[Category:Textile arts]]
[[Category:History of Iran]]
[[Category:Collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum]]

[[fa:قالی اردبیل]]
[[pt:Tapete Ardabil]]
[[sv:Ardabilmattan]]

The Ardabil carpet was completed in 1539-40 and is the world's oldest dated carpet. It is named after the town of Ardabil in north-west Iran. Shah Tahmasp, the ruler of Iran between 1524 and 1576, ordered the carpet for the shrine of his ancestor, Shaykh Safi al-Din, which still stands in the town. The carpet remained in use there for more than 300 years.
The Ardabil carpet was completed in 1539-40 and is the world's oldest dated carpet. It is named after the town of Ardabil in north-west Iran. Shah Tahmasp, the ruler of Iran between 1524 and 1576, ordered the carpet for the shrine of his ancestor, Shaykh Safi al-Din, which still stands in the town. The carpet remained in use there for more than 300 years.


Revision as of 13:37, 11 July 2008

Ardabil
اردبیل
Sheikh Safi's Tomb
Sheikh Safi's Tomb
ProvinceArdabil
Regional DistrictArdabil
Government
 • M.P.Nouradin Pirmoazen, Vali Azarvash, Hassan No'i-Aghdam
 • Governing BodyArdabil City Council
Area
 • Total18.011 km2 (6.954 sq mi)
Elevation
1,500 m (4,900 ft)
Population
 (2001)
 • Total340,386
 • Density18,857/km2 (48,840/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
Area code451

Ardabil (Persian and Azeri: اردبیل) also known as Ardebil; Old Persian: Artavil) is a historical city in north-western Iran. The name Ardabil comes from the Zoroastrian name of "Artavil" (mentioned in Avesta) which means a holy place.[1] Ardabil is the center of Ardabil province. Its population is estimated to be around 340,386, the majority of whom are ethnic Azerbaijanis . Famed for its silk and carpet trade tradition, the ancient Ardabil Carpets are considered some of the best of the classical Persian Rug creations. Ardabil is also known as the seat of the sanctuary and tomb of Shaikh Safî ad-Dîn, eponym of the Safavid Dynasty. Its geographic coordinates are 38°15′N 48°17′E / 38.250°N 48.283°E / 38.250; 48.283.

Location

Ardabil is located about 70 km from the Caspian Sea, 210 km from the city of Tabriz and 25 km from Republic of Azerbaijan's border. It has an average altitude of 1263 m and total area of 18.011 km². Neighboring on the Caspian Sea and the Republic of Azerbaijan, this city is of great political and economical significance. The province of Ardabil has been blessed with splendid natural beauty and numerous sights. It is located on an open plain 1,500 m above sea level, just east of Mount Sabalan (4,811 m), where cold spells occur until late spring.

Climate

Cold and semi-arid, many tourists come to the region for its cool climate during the hot summer months maximum temperatures reaching to 35 °C . The winters are long and bitter cold, with a temperature plummeting to -25 °C. The annual rainfall is around 380 mm.

History

The province is believed to be as old as the Achaemenid era 2500 BC. It is mentioned in the Avesta, where prophet Zoroaster was born by the river Aras and wrote his book in the Sabalan Mountains. During Parthian era the city had a special importance among the cities of Azarbaijan. Some Muslim historians attribute foundation of Ardabil to king Peroz I of Sassanid Empire. The Persian poet Ferdowsi also credits the foundation of the city to Peroz I. Ardabil suffered some damages caused by occasional raids of Huns between 4th to 6th century AD. Peroz repaired those damages and fortified the city. Peroz made Ardabil the residential of provincial governor (Marzban, in Persian: مرزبان) of Azarbaijan.

During the Islamic conquest of Iran, Ardabil was the largest city in North Western Iran, and remained so until the Mongol invasion period. Ardabilis fought the Mongols three times, however the city fell after the third attempt by Mongols. They massacred not only the Ardabilis but inhabitants of neighboring villages and killing everyone they could find. Incursions of Mongols and Georgians left the city in ruins for nearly three centuries til the advent of Safavids.

Safavid Shah Ismail I started his campaign to nationalize Iran's government and land from here, but consequently announced Tabriz as his capital in 1500CE. Yet Ardabil remained an important city both politically and economically until modern times.

Demographics

Ardabil Carpet

File:Ardabil carpet.jpg
The Ardabil Carpet, Persia, dated 946 AH. V&A Museum no. 272-1893. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London

The Ardabil Carpet (Ardebil Carpet) is either of two famous Persian carpets which are currently held in the collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

Completed during the rule of the Safavid Shah Tahmasp I in the mid-16th century, probably in Tabriz, the carpets are considered some of the best of the classical Persian school of carpet creation. They were first placed in a Mosque in Ardabil, but they had been damaged in Iran and were sold in 1890[2] to a British carpet broker who restored one of the carpets using the other and then resold it to the Victoria and Albert Museum. William Morris, then an art referee for the V&A, was instrumental in the acquisition.[3]

The second "secret" carpet was sold to American businessmen Clarence Mackay and was exchanged by wealthy buyers for years. Passing through the Mackay, Yerkes, and De la Mare art collections, it was eventually revealed and shown in 1931 at an exposition in London. American industrialist J. Paul Getty saw it, and bought it from Lord Duveen for approximately $70,000 several years later. Getty was approached by agents on behalf of King Farouk of Egypt who offered $250,000 so that it could be given as a wedding present.[4] Getty later donated the carpet to the Museum of Science, History, and Art in the Exposition Park in Los Angeles.

This most famous of Persian carpets has been the subject of endless copies ranging in size from small rugs to full scale carpets. There is an 'Ardabil' at 10 Downing Street and even Hitler had an 'Ardabil' in his office in Berlin.[3][5]

The foundation is of silk with wool pile of a knot density at 300-350 knots per square inch (470-540.000 knots per square metres, i.e. 26 million total knots). The size of the carpets are 34 1/2 feet by 17 1/2 feet ( 10,5 metres x 5,3 metres).[6] The carpets have an inscription: a couplet from a ghazal by Persian mythic poet Hafez and a signature.[7]

The 'Ardebil' carpet, now in the Victoria & Albert Museum in London, is probably the best known of all old Persian carpets. It is one of a pair which came to England in 1893 virtually in tatters. The decision was made to sacrifice one carpet so that the other could be restored. The cost of this work was prohibitively high, even for a museum, and it was only after an extensive public appeal that sufficient funds were raised for work to go ahead. There can be little doubt that in this case the end justified the means. The carpet, measuring 38′ long by 18′ wide, is an extremely fine speciment bearing an inscription by the weaver. This inscription reads:

      I have no refuge in the world other than thy threshold.
      There is no protection for my head other than this door.
      The work of the slave of the threshold Maqsud of Kashan in the year 946.

Translating this date into the Christian calendar shows that the carpet was woven around the years 1539-40 during the reign of Shah Tahmasp, one of the great patrons of carpet weaving. The incomplete remainder of the other 'Ardebil' carpet, which bears the same inscription and date, was given by J. Paul Getty to the Los Angeles County Museum.

— Essie Sakhai, The Story of Carpet. [8]        

References

  1. ^ Iranian Provinces: Ardabil
  2. ^ Getty, J. Paul (Revised 2003 edition). As I See It: The Autobiography of J. Paul Getty. Los Angeles: Getty Trust Publications. pp. pp. 270-271. ISBN 978-0-89236-700-9. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help); |pages= has extra text (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ a b Lynda Hillyer (Head of Textile Conservation) and Boris Pretzel (Materials Scientist). ""The Ardabil Carpet - a new perspective."" (html). Victoria and Albert Museum, Conservation Journal Spring 2005: Number 49. It was William Morris, in his capacity as one of the V&A's Art Referees, who persuaded the Museum to raise, with the aid of public subscription, the then vast sum of £2000 to purchase the carpet in March 1893. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
  4. ^ ""J. Paul Getty buys art in Europe and the Pierre Hotel in New York."" (html). Raken.com. He [Getty] paid £14000 for the piece once declared "not for sale" by Lord Joseph Duveen. Years later [in 1938] he turned down an offer of $250,000 from King Farouk of Egypt, who wanted the rug as a wedding present for his sister, when she married the Shah of Iran.
  5. ^ Jennifer Wearden (paper presented at Ars Textrina International Textiles Conference July 1995, University of Leeds). ""The Surprising Geometry of the Ardabil Carpet."" (html). Victoria and Albert Museum. {{cite web}}: External link in |author= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ ""The Ardabil Carpets."" (html). Jozan Magazine on Oriental Rugs. 31 January 2003. Sources: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, The Oriental Rug Lexicon by Peter F. Stone. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ Shahram Razavi. ""The famous Ardebil Persian rug."" (html). WorldIsRound.com (includes closeup photograph of central medallion).
  8. ^ Sakhai, Essie (1991). "Chapter 1: In the Beginning". The Story of Carpet. Princess House, London: Studio Editions, Ltd. pp. pp. 10-11. ISBN 1-85170-727-1. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help); |pages= has extra text (help)

The Ardabil carpet was completed in 1539-40 and is the world's oldest dated carpet. It is named after the town of Ardabil in north-west Iran. Shah Tahmasp, the ruler of Iran between 1524 and 1576, ordered the carpet for the shrine of his ancestor, Shaykh Safi al-Din, which still stands in the town. The carpet remained in use there for more than 300 years.

Attractions

Ardabil Museum

Historical

  • The complex of Sheikh Safi-ad-din Ardabili: is an impressive ancient monument, comprising the following components: the mausoleums of Sheikh Safi and Shah Isma'il, Chini khaneh (meaning the house of chinaware), a mosque, Jannat Sara (meaning the house of paradise), Khanaqah (the house of Dervishes), Cheragh Khaneh (the house of lamps), Shahid khaneh (the house of martyrs) and Chelleh Khaneh (the place where devotees shut themselves up during the forty days of Lent). The mausoleum of Sheikh Safi, the famous dome of which is called "Allah-Allah" has an octagonal interior.(Virtual tour)
  • Masjid Jameh : Ruins of once magnificent and unique Mosque.
  • Mirza Ali Akbar mosque and school : This comlex dates back to Qajar period
  • Ardabil bazaar : This beautiful Persian bazaar was built during Safavid period and in addition to main bazaar hall with open vaults has a hammam and a small yet mystifying mosque.
  • Ardabil bridges : Ardabil host numerous historical bridges namely Pol-e Gilandeh, Pol-e Nayer, Pol-e Haft Cheshmeh, Pol-e Panj Cheshmeh and Pol-e Seh Cheshmeh most were built during Safavid era.
  • Imamzadeh Saleh mausoleum : The mausoleum of Imamzadeh Saleh who is a descendant of a Shia Imam was built 250 years ago.
  • Saint Mary church : This Armenian orthodox church has a beautiful wooden main door and painted dome built in 1876.

Being a city of great antiquity, the origins of Ardabil go back 4000 to 6000 years (according to historical research in this city). This city was the capital of Azerbaijan province in different times, but its golden age was in the Safavid period.

The other significant historical monuments are as follows: the mausoleum of Sheikh Jebra'il, located 2 km north of Ardabil, the old but always lively bazaar, the babadavood anbaran the Friday mosque, and a few ancient bridges. In addition to these, in many villages of Ardabil, relics of ancient monuments, including tombs have been found.

Geographical

File:Shorabil Lake.jpg
Shorabil Lake

It has many hot springs and beautiful natural landscapes and these attract tourists. The mineral springs of Ardabil are Beele-Darreh, Sar'eyn, Sardabeh and Booshloo, being famous for their medicinal qualities throughout Iran.

It has also many beauty lakes: the largest of which are Ne'or, Shorabil, ShoorGel, NouShahr and Aloocheh that are the habitats of some species of water birds. The beautiful Lake Ne'or is located in a mountainous area 48 km south-east of the city of Ardabil. It covers an area of 2.1 km² and has an average depth of 3 metres. It is fed by springs in the lake bed.

Lake Shorabil is located in a hilly area south of the city of Ardabil and covers an area of 640,000 m². The surface of the lake is covered with a thin white layer of minerals, being useful for healing skin diseases and rheumatism. Near the lake there is the leisure complex of Shorabil.

  • Baliqly Chay River :

Meaning "a river with many fish" in Azarbayjani language, this river originates from the Sabalan Mountains and passes through Ardabil city. As a result, many villages and townships have settled around this river. It also irrigates much of the agricultural lands in this province.

Sabalan

For the Iranian Frigate Sabalan see: Iranian frigate Sabalan.
Ardabil

Sabalan (in Persian سبلان Sabalân ;also called Sāvālān in Azerbaijani) is an inactive stratovolcano in Ardabil province of northwestern Iran. Sabalan is the third highest mountain in Iran and a permanent crater lake has formed at the summit. Sabalan has a ski resort (Alvares) and different tourist areas such as the Sarein spa. The mountain is known for its beautiful vistas, including the Shirvan gorge, where few climbers ever venture.

Crater lake of Sabalan
Map of summit region and glaciers of Sabalan

Geology

Sabalan is a large andesite stratovolcano, the second highest volcano in Iran after Mount Damavand. The volcano is quite old, as its rocks have been dated to 5.6–1.4 million years. Some references state that volcanic activity continued into the Holocene, less than 10,000 years ago.

The summit region has several peaks exceeding 4,500 metres (14,800 ft), primarily along a southwest-northeast trending ridge. The highest point 4,811 metres (15,784 ft) is at the northeast end of the ridge, and is separated from the 4,620 metres (15,160 ft)+ group of southwestern summits by a 4,190 m (13,750 ft) col.

The mountain is located in a continental climate with hot, dry summers and extremely cold, snowy winters. Precipitation falls primarily as snow in late autumn, winter, and spring, and is sufficient to sustain seven glaciers near the summit above 4,000 metres (13,000 ft). The largest of these were more than 1.5 kilometres (1 mi) in length as of the 1970s. There are also extensive rock glaciers, several of which are more than 3 km (2 mi) in length.

Climbing

The climbing surface includes rocks of various sizes (Class 2 scrambling), and a moderate degree of fitness is required to climb it. The climb from the base camp starts easy, becomes challenging mid way, then eases in gradient near the top. The lake on the top remains frozen except for about four weeks in late July to early August.

Some climbers start by driving to hot springs of Meshkin Shehr, where they start their climb. This climb takes about two days, reaching to the base camp on the first day. Others take a taxi to base camp early in the morning, and climb the mountain in one day. In 2006, there was talk of improving the road to the base camp. If this is done, a regular car should be able to make it to the base camp during the climbing season. The road goes through multiple nomadic encampments of shepherds.

One or two days of acclimatization in Tehran or Ardabil may be advisable. Mountaineering has been popular among the youth in Iran. On a Friday during the climbing season (late June to mid August), one may find hundreds of people on the mountain. Guides can also be found in Ardabil. Adequate climbing equipment can be purchased in Ardabil or Tehran.

Aras River

The Aras (also known as Araks, Arax, Araxi, Araxes, Araz, or Yeraskh; Armenian: Արաքս, Persian: ارس, Turkish: Aras, Azerbaijani: Araz, Kurdish: Aras or Araz; Russian: Аракс) is a river located in and along the countries of Turkey, Armenia, Iran, and Azerbaijan. Its total length is 1,072 kilometers (665 miles). Given its length and a basin that covers an area of 102,000 km², it is one of the largest rivers of the Caucasus.

Sarein

Sarein or Sareyn is a small city near Ardabil in the northwest of Iran. Its geographic coordinates are 38°09′N 48°04′E. Sarein is very famous because of its hot springs. The population is about 8000, and increases to more than 20000 in the summer because of the many tourists who go there due to the charming climate. It stands 28 km from Ardabil and total area is 1280000 meter-square. sarein springs is near inactive valcano in that area and have been created after local earthquakes (recently in 1990s)and its water contains sulfur particles and it is believed that it is good for bone pains.

The word Sarein in the Azari dictionary means "Spring".

The climate and hot springs are the first attractions to tourists who travel to this region from different parts of Iran and the world.

Colleges and universities

Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
Mohaghegh Ardabili University
Islamic Azad University of Ardabil
Payam Noor University of Ardabil
Soureh University of Ardabil
Islamic Azad University of Khalkhal

Famous Ardabilis

The mausoleum of Sheikh Safi-ad-Din-e-Ardabili

Clergy&Religious:

Sport:

Art&Music:

Scientist:

Poet& Writer:

Politicians and reformists:

چو بهرام ورهام اردبیلی، گشسب دیلمی,شاپور گیلی

For a complete list see: List of people from Ardabil

Gray-bearded man in basic quarters Ardabil(بزرگان وریش سفیدان مرحوم شده محلات 6گانه اردبیل در دهه 50-40 شمسی)

  • Mir Baba Raeisi, He was grey-bearded in mosque ochdokan(اوچدوکان) in 1963-1973 (Deceased).
  • Mohammad Berenji, He was grey-bearded in mosque Pir Abdolmalek(پیرعبدالملک)in 1963-1973 (Deceased).
  • Dadash Sayyad Zadeh,He was grey-bearded in mosque mosque onchimeidan(اونچی میدان)in 1963-1973 (Deceased).
  • Morteza Deljo,He was grey-bearded in mosque Sarcheshmeh(چشمه باشی)in 1963-1973 (Deceased).
  • Karbalaei Habibollah Ravaghi Ardabili,He was grey-bearded & reliable in mosque Sarcheshmeh(چشمه باشی)in 1963-1973 (Deceased).
  • Mohammad Ali khan Abizadeh&Shakeri & hezhabri,He was grey-bearded in mosque Alighapu(عالی قاپو)in 1963-1973 (Deceased).

Major Hotels

  • Hotel Darya
  • Sabalan Hotel
  • Hotel Sheikh Safi
  • Hotel Kosar

Economy

The economy of Ardabil is partially agricultural, partially tourist based, with some industries in operation.

The Iranian government in 2006 announced plans to build "the largest textile factory of its kind in the Middle East" in Ardabil.[2]

Arta Industrial Group (AIG) has one of the largest textile conglomerates in Iran.which is located in the provinces called Qazvin and Ardabil. The group has received numerous awards for being one of the top 20 exporters and industrial groups in Iran since 1998. It is the first company to produce HDF (high-density fiberboard) ,MDF (medium-density fiberboard) , laminate, flooring and multi layer films in Iran.

AIG has the first private industrial site in Iran in the city of Ardabil, which has fifteen main factories owned by (AIG). This Industrial zone covers an area of 100 hectares and Residential Area for engineers and managers of the company.

Major Industries

Music

Main article: Music of Iran
See also: Music of Azerbaijan


Part of a series on
Azerbaijanis
Culture
Traditional areas of settlement
Diaspora
Religion
Language
Persecution

Music of Azerbaijan includes various arrays of styles that reflect influences from the musics of the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Iran.

See also


References

  1. ^ SAVORY, ROGER. "EBN BAZZAÚZ". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  2. ^ Huge textile factory, largest in Middle East to become operational in Ardebil


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