Valley of Flowers National Park: Difference between revisions
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*[http://valleyofflowers.co valley of flowers pictures] |
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*[http://trekforall.com valley of flowers trek information] |
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==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 13:55, 26 September 2012
UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
---|---|
Criteria | Natural: vii, x |
Reference | 335 |
Inscription | 1988 (12th Session) |
Extensions | 2005 |
Valley of Flowers National Park is an Indian national park, located at a height in West Himalaya. It is renowned for its meadows of endemic alpine flowers and the variety of flora found there. It is located in Uttarakhand state. This richly diverse area is also home to rare and endangered animals, including the Asiatic black bear, snow leopard, brown bear and blue sheep. The gentle landscape of the Valley of Flowers National Park complements the rugged mountain wilderness of Nanda Devi National Park to the east. Together they encompass a unique transition zone between the mountain ranges of the Zanskar and Great Himalaya. The park stretches over an expanse of 87.50 km². Both parks are encompassed in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (223,674 ha) which is further surrounded by a buffer zone (5,148.57 km²).[1] This Reserve is in the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 2004.
The Valley of Flowers is a high-altitude Himalayan valley that has been acknowledged by renowned mountaineers and botanists in literature for over a century and in Hindu religion for much longer.
The Valley of Flowers has many colorful different flowers, taking on various shades of colours as time progressed.[2] The valley was declared a national park in 1982 and now it is a World Heritage Site. The locals believed that it was inhabited by fairies.
The valley is home to many flowers like the Brahmakamal, the Blue Poppy and the Cobra Lily. It is a much sought after haunt for flower-lovers, botanists and trekkers.
The Valley of Flowers is internationally important on account of its diverse alpine flora, representative of the Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows ecoregion. The rich diversity of species reflects the valley's location within a transition zone between the Zaskar and Great Himalayas ranges to the north and south, respectively, and between the Eastern Himalaya and Western Himalaya flora. A number of plant species are internationally threatened, several have not been recorded from elsewhere in Uttarakhand and two have not been recorded in Nanda Devi National Park. The diversity of threatened species of medicinal plants is higher than has been recorded in other Indian Himalayan protected areas. The entire Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve lies within the Western Himalayas Endemic Bird Area (EBA). Seven restricted-range bird species are endemic to this part of the EBA.
The Valley of Flowers was declared a national park in 1982. This part of Uttarakhand, in the upper reaches of Garhwal, is inaccessible for most of the year. The area lies on the Zanskar range of the Himalayas with the highest point in the national park being Gauri Parbat at 6,719 m above sea level.
History and legends
The place had disappeared from the tourist map due to its inaccessibility, but in 1931, Frank S. Smythe, Eric Shipton and R.L. Holdsworth, all British mountaineers, lost their way while returning from a successful expedition to Mt.Kamet and happened upon the valley, which was full of flowers. He was attracted to the beauty of the area, he named it the "Valley of Flowers." He later authored a book of the same name.[3]
In 1939, Miss Margaret Legge, a botanist deputed by the Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, arrived at the valley for further studies. While she was traversing some rocky slopes to collect flowers, she slipped off and was lost. Her sister later visited the valley and erected a memorial near the spot.
Prof. Chandra Prakash Kala, a botanist deputed by the Wildlife Institute of India, carried out a research study on the floristics and conservation of the valley for a decade, beginning in 1993. He made an inventory of 520 alpine plants exclusively growing in this national park and authored two important books - "The Valley of Flowers - Myth and Reality" and "Ecology and Conservation of the Valley of Flowers National Park, Garhwal Himalaya."
Management
There is no settlement in the national park and grazing in the area has been banned. The park is open only in summer from June to October, as it is covered by heavy snow for the rest of the year.[4]
Location
State: Uttarakhand
Exact location: The Valley of Flowers is nestled in the upper expanses of Bhyundar Ganga near Joshimath in Gharwal region, previously the was Bhyundar Valley.
District: Chamoli
Nearest town: Joshimath
The Trek
Getting to the Valley of Flowers requires a trek of about 17 km (10.5 mi). The nearest major town is Joshimath in Garhwal, which has convenient road connections from Haridwar and Dehradun, both about 270 km (168 mi) from Joshimath.
Govindghat is a small place close to Joshimath (around one hour distance), where the trek begins. From Gobindghat, a trek of 14 km (8.6 mi) brings trekkers to the Ghangaria, a small settlement located about 3 km (about 2 mi) from the valley. The valley starts near a gorge over the Pushpawati River.
Fauna
The park is home to tahr, snow leopard, musk deer, red fox, common langur, bharal, serow, Himalayan black bear, Himalayan brown bear, Pika (Mouse hare) and a variety of butterflies. Among the important birds and pheasant are, Himalayan Golden Eagle, Griffon Vulture, Snow Partridge, Himalayan Snowcock, Himalayan Monal, Snow Pigeon, Sparrow Hawk etc.
Flora
Flowers mostly orchids, poppies, primulas, marigold, daisies and anemones carpet the ground. Sub-alpine forests of birch and rhododendron cover parts of the park's area. A decade long study of Prof. C.P. Kala from 1993 onwards concludes that the Valley of Flowers endows with 520 species of higher plants (angiosperms, gymnosperms and pteridophytes), of these 498 are flowering plants. The park has many species of medicinal plants including Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Picrorhiza kurrooa, Aconitum violaceum, Polygonatum multiflorum, Fritillaria roylei and Podophyllum hexandrum[5][6].
Species
No. | Name of Flowers | Time of flowering |
1. | Rhododendron arboreum | February–June |
2. | Primula denticulata | April–July |
3. | Iris kemaonensis | June–July |
4. | Fritillaria roylei | June–July |
5. | Lilium oxypetalum | June–July |
6. | Arisaema costatum | June–July |
7. | Thermopsis barbata | June–July |
8. | Rosa macrophylla | June–July |
9. | Caltha palustris | June–July |
10. | Fragaria nubicola | May–July |
11. | Saxifraga roylei | July–August |
12. | Anemone obtusiloba | June–August |
13. | Cypripedium himalaicum | June–August |
14. | Rheum australe | July–August |
15. | Phlomis oracteosa | June–August |
16. | Hackelia uncinata | June–August |
17. | Senecio jacquemotianus | August–September |
18. | Ligularia amplexicaulis | July–August |
19. | Morina longifolia | July–September |
20. | Geum elatum | July–August |
21. | Geranium wallichianum | July–August |
22. | Impatiens sulcata | July–August |
23. | Meconopsis aculeata | July–August |
24. | Delphinium roylei | July–August |
25. | Aconitum hookeri | August–September |
26. | Thalictrum reniforme | July–September |
27. | Potentilla atrosanguinea | July–September |
28. | Sedum ewersii | August–September |
29. | Dactylorhiza hatagirea | June–July |
30. | Bistorta affinis | August–September |
31. | Stachys sericea | August–September |
32. | Nepeta connata | August–September |
33. | Pedicularis hoffmeistri | July–August |
34. | Swertia hookeri | August–September |
35. | Gentiana ornata | August–September |
36. | Gaultheria erichophy | August–September |
37. | Codonopsis affinis | August–September |
38. | Angelica cyclocarpa | July–September |
39. | Leontopodium jacotianum | July–September |
40. | Saussurea fastuosa | July–September |
41. | Campanula latifolia | August–September |
42. | Cyananthus lobatus | August–September |
43. | Saussurea obvallata | August–September |
44. | Cremanthodium ellisii | July–September |
45. | Anaphalis triplinervis | July–September |
46. | Inula grandiflora | August–September |
47. | Aster albescens | July–September |
48. | Selinium tenuifolium | August–September |
49. | Heracleum pinnatum | August–September |
50. | Epilobium latisperma | August–September |
51. | Silene setisperma | August–September |
52. | Arenaria griffithii | August–September |
53. | Corydalis juncea | August–September |
54. | Erigeron multiradiatus | August–September |
55. | Polygonum molle | August–September |
56. | Himalayan Blue Poppy | July–September |
57. | Codonopsis viridis | July–August |
58. | Origanum vulgare | July–August |
59. | Hackelia uncinata | July–August |
60. | Salvia hins/lanata | July–August |
61. | Smilacina purpurea/oleracea | June–July |
62. | Viola biflora | June–August |
63. | Rhodiola heterodonta | July–August |
64. | Epilobium latifolium | July–August |
65. | Cotoneaster integrifolius | July–August |
66. | Dubyaea hispida | August–September |
67. | Saussurea costus | July–August |
68. | Ligularia fisheri | July–August |
69. | Androsace museoidea | July–August |
70. | Eritrichium conum | July–August |
71. | Lindelofi anchusoides | July–August |
72. | Thymus linearis | June–August |
73. | Rheum webbianum | June–August |
74. | Megacorpaea polyandra | June–August |
75. | Trillidium govanianum | June–August |
76. | Satyrium nepalense | June–August |
77. | Podophyllum hexaneum | June–August |
78. | Picrorhiza kurrooa | June–August |
79. | Polygonatum multiflorum | June–August |
See also
- Lakshman Ganga River
- Pushpawati River
- valley of flowers trek
- valley of flowers pictures
- valley of flowers trek information
References
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre
- ^ http://ibnlive.in.com/news/the-valley-of-flowers/262755-60-119.html.
{{cite news}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - ^ http://www.zipworld.com.au/~lnbdds/home/smythefrank.htm
- ^ Valley of Flowers Valley of Flowers.
- ^ Kala, C.P. 2005. The Valley of Flowers; A newly declared World Heritage Site. Current Science, 89 (6): 919-920.
- ^ Kala, C.P. 2004. The Valley of Flowers; Myth and Reality. International Book Distributors, Dehradun, India
External links