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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox International Football Competition
{{Infobox International Football Competition
| tourney_name = FIFA World Cup
| tourney_name=FIFA World Cup
| year = 1970
| year=1970
| other_titles = Mexico 70
| other_titles=Mexico '70
| image = 1970 FIFA World Cup logo.svg
| image=1970 FIFA World Cup logo.svg
| size = 140px
| size=140px
| caption = 1970 FIFA World Cup official logo
| caption=1970 FIFA World Cup official logo
| country = Mexico
| country=Mexico
| dates = 31 May – 21 June
| dates=31 May – 21 June
| confederations = 5
| confederations=5
| num_teams = 16
| num_teams=16
| venues = 5
| venues=5
| cities = 5
| cities=5
| champion = Brazil
| champion=Brazil
| champion-flagvar = 1968
| champion-flagvar=1968
| count = 3
| count=3
| second = Italy
| second=Italy
| third = West Germany
| third=West Germany
| fourth = Uruguay
| fourth=Uruguay
| matches = 32
| matches=32
| goals = 95
| goals=95
| attendance = 1603975
| attendance=1603975
| top_scorer = {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Gerd Müller]] (10 goals)
| top_scorer={{flagicon|FRG}} [[Gerd Müller]] (10 goals)
| player = {{flagicon|BRA|1968}} [[Pelé]]
| player={{flagicon|BRA|1968}} [[Pelé]]
| prevseason = [[1966 FIFA World Cup|1966]]
| prevseason=[[1966 FIFA World Cup|1966]]
| nextseason = [[1974 FIFA World Cup|1974]]
| nextseason=[[1974 FIFA World Cup|1974]]
}}
}}
The '''1970 FIFA World Cup''', the ninth staging of the [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]], was held in [[Mexico]], from 31 May to 21 June. The 1970 tournament was the first World Cup hosted in [[North America]], and the first held outside [[South America]] and [[Europe]]. In a match-up of two-time World Cup champions, the [[1970 FIFA World Cup Final|final]] was won by [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]], who beat [[Italy national football team|Italy]] 4–1. With their third World Cup triumph, Brazil were allowed to keep the [[Jules Rimet Trophy]] permanently.
The '''1970 FIFA World Cup''', the ninth staging of the [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]], was held in [[Mexico]], from 31 May to 21 June. The 1970 tournament was the first World Cup hosted in [[North America]], and the first held outside [[South America]] and [[Europe]]. In a match-up of two-time World Cup champions, the [[1970 FIFA World Cup Final|final]] was won by [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]], who beat [[Italy national football team|Italy]] 4–1. With their third World Cup triumph, Brazil were allowed to keep the [[Jules Rimet Trophy]] permanently.
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Eight places were available to teams from [[UEFA]] (Europe), three for [[CONMEBOL]] teams (South America), one for [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] teams (Africa), one for an [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]/[[Oceania Football Confederation|OFC]] team (Asia/Oceania), and one for a [[CONCACAF]] team (North and Central America and Caribbean).<ref name="Qualifying"/> A place in the finals for an African representative was guaranteed for the first time, as a response to the mass boycott of the qualifying process for 1966 by the African entrants after FIFA [[1966 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF, AFC and OFC)|linked Africa, Asia and Oceania together]] with only one qualifying place on offer.<ref name="African history">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/history/newsid_1941000/1941223.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |title=Africa's missing World Cup years |date=26 April 2002}}</ref><ref name="Qualifying draw">{{Cite news| title=Tough tasks for British| page=13| newspaper=The Times | location=London | date=2 February 1968}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://twohundredpercent.net/?p=6797|publisher=Twohundredpercent.net |title=Boycott! When Africa & Asia said "Enough" |date=31 May 2010|accessdate=2013-06-23|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Hm93TKr7|archivedate=2013-06-30|deadurl=no}}</ref>
Eight places were available to teams from [[UEFA]] (Europe), three for [[CONMEBOL]] teams (South America), one for [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] teams (Africa), one for an [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]/[[Oceania Football Confederation|OFC]] team (Asia/Oceania), and one for a [[CONCACAF]] team (North and Central America and Caribbean).<ref name="Qualifying"/> A place in the finals for an African representative was guaranteed for the first time, as a response to the mass boycott of the qualifying process for 1966 by the African entrants after FIFA [[1966 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF, AFC and OFC)|linked Africa, Asia and Oceania together]] with only one qualifying place on offer.<ref name="African history">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/history/newsid_1941000/1941223.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |title=Africa's missing World Cup years |date=26 April 2002}}</ref><ref name="Qualifying draw">{{Cite news| title=Tough tasks for British| page=13| newspaper=The Times | location=London | date=2 February 1968}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://twohundredpercent.net/?p=6797|publisher=Twohundredpercent.net |title=Boycott! When Africa & Asia said "Enough" |date=31 May 2010|accessdate=2013-06-23|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Hm93TKr7|archivedate=2013-06-30|deadurl=no}}</ref>


The draw for the qualifying stages was conducted on 1 February 1968 in [[Casablanca]], [[Morocco]],<ref name="Qualifying stats"/> with matches beginning in May 1968 and the final fixtures being concluded in December 1969. [[North Korea national football team|North Korea]], quarter-finalists at the previous tournament, were disqualified during the process after refusing to play in Israel for political reasons.<ref>{{Cite news| title=North Korea out| page=7 | newspaper=The Times | location=London | date =5 July 1969}}</ref><ref name="Glanville">{{cite book|last=Glanville|first= Brian|title=The Story of the World Cup|page=167|publisher=Faber and Faber|year=2010}}</ref> [[El Salvador national football team|El Salvador]] qualified for the finals after beating [[Honduras national football team|Honduras]] in a [[1970 FIFA World Cup qualification#Group 2 4|play-off match]], which was the catalyst for a four-day conflict in July 1969 known as the [[Football War]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Thomas P. |title=The War of the Dispossessed: Honduras and El Salvador 1969|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|location=Lincoln|year=1981}}</ref>
The draw for the qualifying stages was conducted on 1 February 1968 in [[Casablanca]], [[Morocco]],<ref name="Qualifying stats"/> with matches beginning in May 1968 and the final fixtures being concluded in December 1969. [[North Korea national football team|North Korea]], quarter-finalists at the previous tournament, were disqualified during the process after refusing to play in Israel for political reasons.<ref>{{Cite news| title=North Korea out| page=7 | newspaper=The Times | location=London | date =5 July 1969}}</ref><ref name="Glanville">{{cite book|last=Glanville|first=Brian|title=The Story of the World Cup|page=167|publisher=Faber and Faber|year=2010}}</ref> [[El Salvador national football team|El Salvador]] qualified for the finals after beating [[Honduras national football team|Honduras]] in a [[1970 FIFA World Cup qualification#Group 2 4|play-off match]], which was the catalyst for a four-day conflict in July 1969 known as the [[Football War]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Thomas P. |title=The War of the Dispossessed: Honduras and El Salvador 1969|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|location=Lincoln|year=1981}}</ref>


Half of the eventual qualifying teams had also been present at the previous World Cup, but three teams qualified for the first time: [[El Salvador national football team|El Salvador]], [[Israel national football team|Israel]] and [[Morocco national football team|Morocco]], while [[Peru national football team|Peru]] returned to the finals after a forty-year absence.<ref name="Stat Kit">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompwc/51/97/55/171012-statisticalkit-fifaworldcup-milestonesfactsfigures-statusafterfwc2010.pdf|publisher=[[FIFA]] |title=World Cup: Milestones, facts & figures |date=13 March 2013}}</ref> Those who failed to qualify included [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]], [[France national football team|France]], [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]], [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] and [[Spain national football team|Spain]].
Half of the eventual qualifying teams had also been present at the previous World Cup, but three teams qualified for the first time: [[El Salvador national football team|El Salvador]], [[Israel national football team|Israel]] and [[Morocco national football team|Morocco]], while [[Peru national football team|Peru]] returned to the finals after a forty-year absence.<ref name="Stat Kit">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompwc/51/97/55/171012-statisticalkit-fifaworldcup-milestonesfactsfigures-statusafterfwc2010.pdf|publisher=[[FIFA]] |title=World Cup: Milestones, facts & figures |date=13 March 2013}}</ref> Those who failed to qualify included [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]], [[France national football team|France]], [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]], [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] and [[Spain national football team|Spain]].
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The draw was staged in [[Mexico City]], Mexico on 10 January 1970 in the Maria Isabel Hotel, which served as FIFA's headquarters during the competition.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompwc/51/97/68/fs-201_10e_fwc-final-draw-history.pdf|publisher=[[FIFA]] |title=The FIFA World Cup Final Draw history |year=2009 |date=November 2009}}</ref> The teams were drawn into the four groups, which had their locations defined in advanced: Group 1 being staged in Mexico City, Group 2 in [[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]] and [[Toluca]], Group 3 in [[Guadalajara]] and Group 4 in [[León, Guanajuato|León]]. It was predetermined that the hosts [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]] would be in Group 1 and so based in the capital city, and that [[England national football team|England]] as holders would be based in Guadalajara, the tournament's second largest stadium.<ref name="Dawson">{{cite book|last=Dawson|first=Jeff|title=Back Home: England and the 1970 World Cup|publisher=Orion|year=2001}}</ref> The 10-year-old daughter of [[Guillermo Cañedo]], President of the [[Mexican Football Federation]] and the Local Organising Committee, drew out the teams from four silver cups.<ref name="Draw">{{Cite news| title=Draw for finals of World Cup| page=12 | newspaper=The Times | location=London | date=12 January 1970}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NClPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tgEEAAAAIBAJ&dq=mexico&pg=5333%2C3816703|publisher=[[Toledo Blade]] |title=Mexico duels Russians in World Cup|date=11 January 1970}}</ref>
The draw was staged in [[Mexico City]], Mexico on 10 January 1970 in the Maria Isabel Hotel, which served as FIFA's headquarters during the competition.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompwc/51/97/68/fs-201_10e_fwc-final-draw-history.pdf|publisher=[[FIFA]] |title=The FIFA World Cup Final Draw history |year=2009 |date=November 2009}}</ref> The teams were drawn into the four groups, which had their locations defined in advanced: Group 1 being staged in Mexico City, Group 2 in [[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]] and [[Toluca]], Group 3 in [[Guadalajara]] and Group 4 in [[León, Guanajuato|León]]. It was predetermined that the hosts [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]] would be in Group 1 and so based in the capital city, and that [[England national football team|England]] as holders would be based in Guadalajara, the tournament's second largest stadium.<ref name="Dawson">{{cite book|last=Dawson|first=Jeff|title=Back Home: England and the 1970 World Cup|publisher=Orion|year=2001}}</ref> The 10-year-old daughter of [[Guillermo Cañedo]], President of the [[Mexican Football Federation]] and the Local Organising Committee, drew out the teams from four silver cups.<ref name="Draw">{{Cite news| title=Draw for finals of World Cup| page=12 | newspaper=The Times | location=London | date=12 January 1970}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NClPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tgEEAAAAIBAJ&dq=mexico&pg=5333%2C3816703|publisher=[[Toledo Blade]] |title=Mexico duels Russians in World Cup|date=11 January 1970}}</ref>


==Tournament review==
==Summary==
[[Image:1970 FIFA World Cup mascot.png|thumb|right|160px|Juanito was the official tournament mascot.]]
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===Group stage===
Following the opening ceremony host nation [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]] faced the [[Soviet Union national football team|Soviet Union]]; this was the last time until the 2006 Finals that the host nation's first match rather than the World Cup holders' began the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://voices.yahoo.com/the-fifa-world-cup-opening-day-match-history-facts-6198096.html|publisher=[[Yahoo]] |title=The FIFA World Cup Opening Day Match History, Facts and Winners|date=11 June 2010}}</ref> Both this opening match of '''Group 1''' and many others during the competition kicked off at noon for the benefit of European television schedules, meaning play under the midday sun.<ref name="FIFA overview">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=32/overview.html|publisher=[[FIFA]]|title=1970 FIFA World Cup Mexico}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Kraba|first=Milile|title=The Story Has Been Told|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|page=78|year=2010}}</ref> The match produced a goalless draw, prompting some media to predict the entire tournament would be played at the slow tempo that featured in this game given the conditions involved.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dgkyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tpADAAAAIBAJ&dq=world%20cup&pg=5472%2C306381|publisher=[[The Age]] |title=Big yawn as World Cup rivals draw|date=2 June 1970}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dgkyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tpADAAAAIBAJ&dq=world%20cup&pg=5472%2C306381|publisher=[[The Pittsburgh Press]] |title=World Cup slowdown bores fans|date=1 June 1970}}</ref> Following the half-time interval [[Anatoliy Puzach]] became the first substitute to be used in FIFA World Cup history as the Soviets made use of the new competition rule.<ref name="Stat Kit"/> Both teams won their remaining two games to progress from the group at the expense of [[Belgium national football team|Belgium]] and World Cup debutants [[El Salvador national football team|El Salvador]].


'''Group 2''' was the lowest-scoring of the groups with only six goals in its six matches as [[Uruguay national football team|Uruguay]], [[1967 South American Championship|reigning South America champions]], [[Italy national football team|Italy]], the [[UEFA Euro 1968|reigning European champions]], edged past [[Sweden national football team|Sweden]] and [[Israel national football team|Israel]]. Sweden would have progressed if they had produced a two-goal victory against Uruguay in their final game, but it was not until the final minute that they scored the only goal of the game.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7pplAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6YoNAAAAIBAJ&dq=grahn&pg=1156%2C4016343|publisher=[[Vancouver Sun]] |title=Pele keeps Brazilians on right track|date=11 June 1970}}</ref> Hours before the game FIFA elected to replace the scheduled referee after bribery rumours – later dismissed by FIFA<ref name="Lots draw">{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=af1XAAAAIBAJ&sjid=C_cDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1800%2C1004892|publisher=[[The Bulletin]] |title=Mexico draws tiny stadium|date=13 June 1970}}</ref> – arose in Mexico.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PKgkAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wqAFAAAAIBAJ&dq=stanley%20rous&pg=2578%2C388872|publisher=[[Reading Eagle]] |title=Bribe rumours stir soccer|date=11 June 1970}}</ref> The 1–0 result meant Uruguay advanced, to be joined by Italy after they avoided defeat in the group finale against Israel.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1YsyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IbkFAAAAIBAJ&dq=italy%20israel&pg=4602%2C3046102|publisher=[[Montreal Gazette]] |title=Mexico, England, Italy in quarter-finals|date=12 June 1970}}</ref>
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===First round===
The 1970 World Cup is now remembered as a classic – but, as usual, the tournament was preceded by disputes over the organisation of the event. This World Cup was the first one to be televised in colour. However, to fit into the European viewing schedules, some matches kicked off at noon. This was an unpopular decision with many players and managers because of the intense heat in Mexico at that time of day.{{citation needed|date = August 2012}}
[[Image:1970Telstar.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Adidas Telstar|Telstar]]'', the official 1970 FIFA World Cup ball.]]


Owing to the lack of a seeding system, '''Group 3''' allowed the reigning World Cup holders [[England national football team|England]] to be paired together with the two-time former champion [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]], considered by many the pre-tournament favourites for the trophy.<ref name="FIFA seeding"/> England's preparations were hampered by the arrest of their captain [[Bobby Moore]] in Colombia for [[Bogotá Bracelet|allegedly stealing a bracelet from a jeweller's shop]];<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=oIJlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=up4NAAAAIBAJ&dq=england&pg=1915%2C178046|publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |title=England soccer captain held for shop-lifting|date=27 May 1970}}</ref> the charges were later dropped.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/20/newsid_4537000/4537235.stm|publisher=[[BBC]] |title=1970: Bobby Moore cleared of stealing}}</ref> The attitude of their manager [[Alf Ramsey]] and the English media in general was perceived by many locals as unfriendly and xenophobic toward Mexico's hosting of the competition, which meant the English team received a largely hostile response during the competition.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WpJAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BqUMAAAAIBAJ&dq=england&pg=5171%2C2908927|publisher=[[Glasgow Herald]] |title=England lose popularity contest|date=13 June 1970}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0-5LAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7OwDAAAAIBAJ&dq=england%20boos&pg=6955%2C497354|publisher=[[Spokesman-Review]] |title=English win first World Cup match|date=2 June 1970}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QkkqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=blAEAAAAIBAJ&dq=bulgaria&pg=3667%2C489028|publisher=[[Pittsburgh Press]] |title=British take villain role in World Cup|date=2 June 1970}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| title=Young Mexicans jeer England| page=14 | newspaper=The Times | location=London | date=14 May 1970}}</ref><ref name="Dawson"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0-5LAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7OwDAAAAIBAJ&dq=england%20boos&pg=6955%2C497354|publisher=[[Spokesman-Review]] |title=English win first World Cup match|date=2 June 1970}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0-5LAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7OwDAAAAIBAJ&dq=england%20boos&pg=6955%2C497354|publisher=[[Glasgow Herald]] |title=Pele and other top Brazilians may miss Romanian game|date=9 June 1970}}</ref><ref name="Times review">{{Cite news| title=World Cup Review: Firm authority respected| page=15 | newspaper=The Times | location=London | date=23 June 1970}}</ref>
For England, the build-up to the tournament took a bizarre turn when their captain was accused of theft while the English team was in Colombia for a pre-tournament friendly game. [[Bobby Moore]] was arrested for allegedly stealing a bracelet from a jeweller's shop in the [[Bogotá Bracelet]] incident. He was released on bail to allow him to appear in the World Cup finals, and the charges were later quietly dropped.{{citation needed|date = August 2012}}


With both having won their opening games – against [[Czechoslovakia national football team|Czechoslovakia]] and [[Romania national football team|Romania]], respectively<ref name="4 June">{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UpJAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BqUMAAAAIBAJ&dq=morocco&pg=3092%2C854609|publisher=[[Glasgow Herald]] |title=Brazil hit back against Czechs|date=4 June 1970}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=asgyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3OwFAAAAIBAJ&dq=peru&pg=944%2C576325|publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |title=Fans whistles and boos as England wins, 1–0|date=3 June 1970}}</ref> – Brazil met England in the group's most famed match.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/matches/world-cup/match=1764/index.html|publisher=[[FIFA]] |title=The Final that never was}}</ref> Although [[Gordon Banks]] in the English goal denied [[Pelé]] from close range with a reflex save that Pelé himself cited as the greatest of his career,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/players/player=174372/index.html|publisher=[[FIFA]] |title=Gordon Banks: The keeper who stunned the King}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/191816.html|publisher=[[ESPN]] |title=Brazil mix enough method to their magic|date=7 February 2013}}</ref> a second half goal from [[Jairzinho]] won the match for Brazil after England squandered several excellent opportunities to equalise.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bcgyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3OwFAAAAIBAJ&dq=england%20brazil%20astle&pg=6044%2C2260014|publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |title=Fireworks erupt after Brazilian goal beats England lose popularity contest|date=8 June 1970}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7GsyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-7IFAAAAIBAJ&dq=england%20brazil%20astle&pg=5988%2C2109089|publisher=[[Beaver County Times]] |title=Back to school for England after World Cup Soccer loss|date=8 June 1970}}</ref> Both teams then won their final group games to progress to the knockout stage.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3uRUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jTwNAAAAIBAJ&dq=peru&pg=3059%2C2126529|publisher=[[The Leader-Post]] |title=England rides boot of Clarke to eights|date=11 June 1970}}</ref>
In Group 1, hosts Mexico lived up to the expectations of an entire nation by advancing along with the Soviet Union. This was the first time in seven World Cup tournaments that Mexico had progressed from the initial stage.{{citation needed|date = August 2012}}


Play in '''Group 4''' began with [[Bulgaria national football team|Bulgaria]] taking a two-goal lead against [[Peru national football team|Peru]], but a second half comeback gave the South Americans a 3–2 victory.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=asgyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3OwFAAAAIBAJ&dq=peru&pg=1783%2C575623|publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |title=Peru's comeback|date=3 June 1970}}</ref> [[Morocco national football team|Morocco]], the first [[African nations at the FIFA World Cup|African World Cup representatives]] since 1934,<ref name="African history"/> also began strongly by taking the lead against the 1966 runners-up [[Germany national football team|West Germany]], but the Germans came back to win 2–1.<ref name="4 June"/> West Germany also went behind against Bulgaria in their second match, but a [[Gerd Müller]] hat-trick helped them recover and win 5–2; the eventual [[FIFA World Cup awards#Golden Boot|Golden Boot winner]] Müller hit another [[FIFA World Cup hat-tricks|hat-trick]] – the only hat-tricks of the entire tournament<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-301_02a_fwc_goals_22689.pdf|publisher=[[FIFA]] |title=FIFA World Cup goals}}</ref> – to win the group against Peru.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EU5SAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JnwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6128,411061&dq=peru&hl=en|publisher=[[St. Petersburg Times]] |title=Germany, Brazil lead World Cup|date=11 June 1970}}</ref>
Group 2 of the opening round produced just six goals in six games as [[Uruguay national football team|Uruguay]], reigning South America champions, and the reigning European champions, [[Italy national football team|Italy]], prevailed over [[Sweden national football team|Sweden]] and surprise qualifier [[Israel national football team|Israel]] after a series of dull, uninspired games. [[Italy national football team|Italy]] would, however, show the true measure of its talent in the knock-out phase.{{citation needed|date = August 2012}}


===Knockout stage===
Group 3 featured both two-time former World champion [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]], defending world champions [[England national football team|England]] and solid European sides [[Czechoslovakia national football team|Czechoslovakia]] and [[Romania national football team|Romania]]. In the rematch of the 1962 World Cup final, Brazil fell behind early in their opening game against Czechoslovakia, but fought back strongly and eventually won 4–1. [[Pelé]] scored one of their goals, but a goal attempt in which Pelé audaciously attempted to lob a shot over Czechoslovak goalkeeper [[Ivo Viktor]] from the halfway line, missed the goal by a whisker. The "Clash of the Champions" between Brazil and England lived up to all expectations. The match is best remembered for a Pelé near-miss. His powerful close-range downward header was kept out by an amazing save from [[Gordon Banks]], who somehow managed to get down to the ball and flick it upwards and over the bar. In the end, a single Jairzinho goal was enough to win the game for Brazil. Romania ran Brazil close in their third game, but were finally beaten 3–2. England joined Brazil with two 1–0 victories over Romania and Czechoslovakia.{{citation needed|date = August 2012}}
Mexico and the Soviet Union had finished tied at the top of Group 1 on both points and goal difference, meaning that the drawing of lots was required to rank them. On 12 June the draw ranked the Soviets as group winners, meaning that they would face Uruguay in the large [[Estadio Azteca]], while the host nation would be paired against Italy in the smaller [[Estadio Nemesio Díez|Toluca venue]].<ref name="Lots draw"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WpJAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BqUMAAAAIBAJ&dq=england&pg=5625%2C2911830|publisher=[[Glasgow Herald]] |title=Mexico travel to play Italy|date=13 June 1970}}</ref> Mexican officials unsuccessfully appealed to FIFA to stage their game in the capital to avoid traffic problems.<ref name="Lots draw"/> The host took the lead against Italy with a [[José Luis González Dávila|José Luis González]] goal, but his team-mate [[Javier Guzmán]] equalised with an [[Own goal#Association football|own goal]] before half-time. Italy then dominated the second half to progress to the semi-finals with a 4–1 win.<ref>{{Cite news| title=Italy crush Mexico| page=13 | newspaper=The Times | location=London | date=15 June 1970}}</ref> The Soviet Union were also eliminated in their quarter-final when a [[Víctor Espárrago]] header three minutes from the end of extra-time sent Uruguay through.<ref>{{Cite news| title=Well-timed winner| page=13 | newspaper=The Times | location=London | date=15 June 1970}}</ref>
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[[Image:WorldCup1970lposter.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The official 1970 FIFA World Cup poster.]]

In Group 4, [[Peru national football team|Peru]] and its attacking style created a sensation by beating established side [[Bulgaria national football team|Bulgaria]] 3–2 after trailing 0–2 at halftime. Morocco also got off to a bright start, taking the lead against West Germany in their first match, but the Germans came back to win 2–1. West Germany also went behind against Bulgaria in their second match, but a Gerd Muller hat-trick helped them fight back to win 5–2. Muller hit another hat-trick in the Germans' last group game, scoring all their goals in a 3–1 win over Peru. In the end, Peru eventually advanced along with [[West Germany national football team|West Germany]] after scoring three times in 11 second-half minutes to beat Morocco 3–0.{{citation needed|date = August 2012}}

===Quarter-finals===
The quarter-finals saw a transformed Italy prevail 4–1 over Mexico after trailing 0–1. The host took the lead against Italy with a Jose Gonzales goal, but his team-mate Gustavo Pena equalised with an own goal before half-time. Italy then took over, and dominated the second half. Two goals from Luigi Riva and one from Gianni Rivera saw them go through 4–1. In Guadalajara, Peru's World Cup adventure ended in the quarter-finals, where they lost 4–2 to Brazil after an entertaining and dramatic match between two equally attacking teams.{{citation needed|date = August 2012}}

The game between Uruguay and the Soviet Union was goalless until five minutes from the end of extra time, when Victor Esparrago struck to send the South Americans through. The last quarter-final, a rematch of the 1966 World Cup final between England and West Germany, produced one of the great matches of World Cup history. England suffered a serious blow before the game, when their great goalkeeper Gordon Banks was taken ill with food poisoning. His deputy Peter Bonetti stepped into the breach, and early in the second half England had a 2–0 lead and seemed to have West Germany firmly in its grasp. However, West Germany pulled one back with a goal from Beckenbauer in the 68th minute. In a panic, England coach [[Alf Ramsey]] decided then to substitute the tiring [[Bobby Charlton]]. Without Charlton, England lost its ability to set its own pace on the game and could not contain the relentless German attacks which eventually resulted in West Germany equalizing eight minutes from time with an [[Uwe Seeler]] header. In extra-time, Geoff Hurst had a goal mysteriously ruled out<ref>England: The Official F.A History, Niall Edworthy, Virgin Publishers, 1997, ISBN 1-85227-699-1. p. 101</ref> before [[Gerd Müller]]'s winning goal in extra time after another Bonetti error, thus, ending England's reign as world champions.{{citation needed|date = August 2012}}

===Semifinals, third place===
The semi-finals featured an exciting final four, all four having won the World Cup in the past: Brazil vs Uruguay, and Italy vs West Germany. In the all-South American match, Brazil managed to defeat Uruguay 3–1, finally gaining revenge for their defeat in the deciding match of the [[1950 FIFA World Cup|1950 World Cup]]. Brazil fell behind 20 minutes into the match. The game was evenly matched for 70 minutes but the Uruguayans found Brazil's attack too much to overcome. This match also featured another bright moment by Pelé: upon holding possession near the box, he managed to rush all alone up to Uruguayan goalkeeper [[Ladislao Mazurkiewicz]] and, tipping the ball through his left side, the Brazilian ran through the right side, catching the ball on the run and then taking a shot to the empty goal. However, Pelé missed by a sliver again. The other, all-European semi-final was regarded by many as the greatest World Cup game ever. Italy took a 1–0 lead through [[Roberto Boninsegna]] on 8 minutes after an excellent "one-two" combination with [[Luigi Riva]]. West Germany pressed to equalize for the rest of the game, until the very end when sweeper [[Karl-Heinz Schnellinger]], then with Italy's [[AC Milan]], scored in [[injury time]]. In [[extra time]], Gerd Müller brought Germany the lead on 94 minutes before Italy defender [[Tarcisio Burgnich]] leveled the score with a rare international goal. On 103 minutes, Riva made it 3–2 past goalkeeper [[Sepp Maier]], only for Müller to equalize six minutes later. As television cameras were still replaying Müller's goal, Italy midfielder [[Gianni Rivera]], left unmarked near the penalty spot, side-footed a fine Boninsegna cross past Maier for the winning goal in the 111th minute. Franz Beckenbauer sustained a broken clavicle during extra time. As [[Helmut Schön]], the West German manager, had already used the two permitted substitutes, Beckenbauer stayed on with his arm in a sling. This match is regarded as the "[[Game of the Century (football)|Game of the Century]]", also known as the ''Partita del Secolo'' in Italy and ''Jahrhundertspiel'' in Germany. A monument at the [[Estadio Azteca]] in [[Mexico City]] commemorates it. West Germany went on to win the 3rd place match against Uruguay (1–0).

⚫
===Final===
{{Main|1970 FIFA World Cup Final}}

In the final, Brazil struck first, with Pelé heading in a cross by Rivelino after a throw-in at the 18th minute. Roberto Boninsegna equalized for Italy after a series of blunders in the Brazilian defence. In the second half, Brazil's firepower and creativity was too much for a tired Italian side. [[Gérson]] fired in a powerful shot for the second goal, leaving [[Enrico Albertosi]], the Italian keeper helpless, leaving and then helped provide the third, with a long free kick to [[Pelé]] who headed down into the path of the onrushing [[Jairzinho]]. Brazil's fourth goal, with five minutes to go, is considered one of the greatest goals ever scored in the history of the tournament. A total of 8 outfield players from Brazil were involved, encapsulating 'the beautiful game' in one glorious sweeping move. Tostão started the move just outside the Brazilian 18-yard box, then ran the length of the field to the Italian box without touching the ball again (although he signalled for Pelé to lay it off for Carlos Alberto). Clodoaldo beat 4 Italian players in his own half before passing to Rivelino, who hit a perfect pass down the left wing to Jairzinho. Jairzinho drove inside and passed to Pelé, who showed superb composure, in his last moments of World Cup play, to hold the ball up before rolling a perfectly weighted pass into the path of Carlos Alberto arriving from right back. Carlos Alberto's shot hammered into the bottom corner of the Italian goal, going too quick for [[Enrico Albertosi]] to even touch it.

Brazil had won the World Cup for the third time after [[1958 FIFA World Cup|1958]] and [[1962 FIFA World Cup|1962]], earning the right to retain the Jules Rimet Trophy permanently. Seven players (all of whom featured in the Carlos Alberto goal) scored a total of 19 goals (more than any team since). Jairzinho scored in every match in the finals, an amazing feat. While Tostão proved a quick-witted and skilful strike partner. Clodoaldo and particularly Gerson provided superb passes to the front three, as well as goals at critical moments, and Rivelino's left-footed crosses and long-distance shooting were a constant danger. Coach [[Mário Zagallo]] was the first footballer to become World Cup champion as a player (1958, 1962) and a coach - his other attempts (1974, 1998) would not be successful.


The all-South America tie in [[Guadalajara]] was the highest-scoring of the four quarter-finals as Brazil recorded a 4–2 triumph over Peru. A rematch of [[1966 FIFA World Cup Final|the previous World Cup final]] between England and West Germany took place in [[León, Guanajuato|León]], in which the reigning champions entered a two-goal lead. [[Franz Beckenbauer]] halved the deficit when his low shot beat England's second choice goalkeeper [[Peter Bonetti]], playing after [[Gordon Banks]] suffered food poisoning the day before.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8ZplAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6YoNAAAAIBAJ&dq=gordon%20banks&pg=1436%2C5653168|publisher=[[Vancouver Sun]] |title=Defending champs knocked out|date=15 June 1970}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/england/7824156/World-Cup-2010-Robert-Green-I-know-how-you-feel-says-ex-England-keeper-Peter-Bonetti.html|publisher=[[The Telegraph]] |title=Robert Green, I know how you feel, says ex-England keeper Peter Bonetti|date=13 June 2010}}</ref> Eight minutes from time an [[Uwe Seeler]] header levelled the score before an extra-time goal from [[Gerd Müller]] brought (West) Germany's first-ever competitive victory over England.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://footballrepublik.com/bundesliga-50-the-birth-of-the-professional-game/|publisher=Football Republik |title=Bundesliga 50 – The birth of Germany’s Professional Game|date=9 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Downing|first=David|title=The Best of Enemies: England v Germany|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2001}}</ref>
But it was the style of play that will be remembered. Italy's goal in the final involved four separate errors by the Brazilian defence, but it was of no matter; in 1970 defence was not Brazil's primary interest, with their 7 goals conceded being more than any other champion since. They gambled on outscoring the opposition, and won, every time. Since 1970 winning the World Cup has not been possible without a cast-iron defence, as evidenced by the failure of another great attacking side, Brazil's 1982 team. It would be 24 years before Brazil could put their hands on the new FIFA trophy, once again beating Italy in the final of the [[1994 FIFA World Cup|1994 World Cup]], although only on penalties and needing a much more defensive style to that seen in 1970.
⚫
[[Image:WorldCup1970lposter.jpg|thumb|left|160px|The tournament's official poster.]]
All four of the semi-finalists were former world champions with the line-up guaranteeing a European versus South American final. In the all-South American tie, controversially switched from the capital to the lower altitude of Guadalajara,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4ORUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jTwNAAAAIBAJ&dq=stadium&pg=2613%2C2679561|publisher=[[The Leader-Post]] |title=Italy favored to win cup|date=16 June 1970}}</ref> Brazil came from behind to defeat Uruguay 3–1 and earn the right to contest their fourth World Cup Final. Two Brazilian goals in the final fifteen minutes decided a match that had been evenly-matched until that point.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zN0RAAAAIBAJ&sjid=i-0DAAAAIBAJ&dq=clodoaldo&pg=7147%2C1445296|publisher=[[The Spokesman-Review]] |title=Italy meets Brazilians on Sunday|date=19 June 1970}}</ref> The all-European meeting between Italy and West Germany produced a match regarded by many as one of the greatest World Cup games. Having led from the eighth minute through [[Roberto Boninsegna]]'s strike, Italy were pegged back in injury time when sweeper [[Karl-Heinz Schnellinger]] scored his only international goal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dfb.de/index.php?action=search&liga=Nationalmannschaft&id=500397&lang=E&no_cache=1&name=%3BSchnellinger&gegner=|publisher=[[German Football Association]] |title=Players Info: Schnellinger}}</ref> The first period of extra-time saw five goals as the lead swing between the two until [[Gianni Rivera]] gave the ''Azzurri'' a decisive 4–3 lead.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zN0RAAAAIBAJ&sjid=i-0DAAAAIBAJ&dq=clodoaldo&pg=7147%2C1445296|publisher=[[Reading Eagle]] |title=World Cup Soccer Finalists|date=18 June 1970}}</ref><ref name="Game of the Century">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/matches/world-cup/match=1838/index.html|publisher=[[FIFA]] |title=A test of endurance and will}}</ref> The match subsequently became known as the "[[Italy 4–3 West Germany (1970 FIFA World Cup)|Game of the Century]]", and today has a monument outside the [[Estadio Azteca]] to commemorates it.<ref name="Game of the Century"/> West Germany went on to defeat Uruguay 1–0 in the third-place match.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F1091FFE3A5D16768FDDA80A94DE405B808BF1D3|publisher=[[Associated Press]] |title=West Germany conquers Uruguay, 1-0, for Third Place in World Cup Soccer|date=20 June 1970}}</ref>


In [[1970 FIFA World Cup Final|the final]], Brazil opened the scoring when [[Pelé]] headed in a cross from [[Roberto Rivelino|Rivelino]] in the 18th minute, but [[Roberto Boninsegna]] equalised for Italy after a series of blunders in the Brazilian defence.<ref name="Final">{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/matches/world-cup/match=1765/index.html|publisher=[[FIFA]] |title=Sizzling Brazil stun the Azteca}}</ref> The match remained level until the 66th minute when a powerful shot from [[Gérson]] restored the Brazilians' lead. Further goals from [[Jairzinho]] and [[Carlos Alberto Torres|Carlos Alberto]] rewarded Brazil's attacking play and secured a 4–1 victory and a record third World Cup triumph.<ref name="Final"/> In honour of their achievement Brazil were allowed to keep the [[FIFA World Cup Trophy#Jules Rimet Trophy|Jules Rimet Trophy]].<ref name="Final"/>
Before the finals in Mexico, Brazil had to play the qualifying rounds against Colombia, Venezuela and Paraguay. Brazil was far superior winning all 6 games, scoring 23 goals and conceding only 2. In the last match of the qualifying rounds Brazil beat Paraguay 1 – 0 and had the largest official audience ever recorded for a football match, with 183,341 spectators in Brazil's Maracanã Stadium. In total the Brazilian team won all 12 games, scoring 42 goals and conceding only 8. At the Finals Brazil defeated three former World Cup winners: England, Uruguay and Italy. Brazil was the first team to achieve this feat, subsequently matched only by Italy in [[1982 FIFA World Cup|1982]] and Argentina in [[1986 World Cup|1986]].


⚫
===Legacy===
The top scorer of the tournament was West Germany's Gerd Müller, with an impressive 10 goals in the competition. Müller incredibly scored [[hat-trick]]s in two consecutive games, against Bulgaria and Peru in the group stage.
Both the Brazilian team that were crowned champions of the 1970 World Cup and the tournament itself have become regarded as among the very finest in the history of the FIFA World Cup.<ref name="BBC review">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/jonathanstevenson/2010/05/the_story_of_the_1970_world_cu.html|publisher=[[BBC]] |title=The Story of the 1970 World Cup|date=12 May 2010}}</ref><ref name="Brazil poll">{{cite web |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/07/09/us-soccer-world-best-idUSL0988846220070709|publisher=[[Reuters]] |title=Brazil's 1970 winning team voted best of all time|date=9 July 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/opinion/the-1970-world-cup-is-recalled-fondly-and-in-glorious-technicolour.19412390|publisher=[[The Herald]] |title=The 1970 World Cup is recalled fondly, and in glorious technicolour|date=17 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://fourfourtwo.com/blogs/championsleague/archive/2009/03/14/1970-and-all-that.aspx|publisher=[[Four Four Two]] |title=1970: The definitive World Cup...|date=14 March 2009}}</ref> In contrast to the more physical style of play that had dominated the previous two tournaments, the 1970 Finals are noted for the attacking play adopted by most teams.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.castrolfootball.com/legends/tournament/index.php?year=1970|publisher=[[Castrol Index]] |title=Castrol index tournament legends}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.copa2014.gov.br/en/torcedor/historia-das-copas/1970|publisher=Brasil 2014: World Cup Portal |title=Perfect farewell to Pelé’s last appearance in a World Cup}}</ref><ref name=Technical Report">{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/09/67/wc_70_tr_313.pdf|publisher=[[FIFA]] |title=World Championship - Jules Rimet 1970 Cup Technical study}}</ref> For the first time at a World Cup Finals, referees could issue yellow and red cards,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/news/newsid=80623/index.html|publisher=[[FIFA]] |title=Ken Aston – the inventor of yellow and red cards|date=15 January 2002}}</ref> yet, in contrast to the previous tournaments and all subsequent tournaments to date, no player was expelled from play.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://espnfc.com/world-cup/columns/story?id=696767&cc=5739&ver=global|publisher=[[ESPN]]|title=World Cup History 1970|date=10 November 2009}}</ref> The officiating of the opening match, commentated by some media as overly strict,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zIsyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IbkFAAAAIBAJ&dq=referee&pg=2723%2C294839|publisher=[[Montreal Gazette]] |title=England begins soccer defence today|date=2 June 1970}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F1091FFE3A5D16768FDDA80A94DE405B808BF1D3|publisher=[[New York Times]] |title=Mexican standoff?|date=7 June 1970}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| title=Strict control needed in combustible situation| page=5| newspaper=The Times | location=London | date=26 September 1970}}</ref> set a standard of discipline that instead helped protect skillful players in accordance with FIFA's stated wish.<ref name="Times review"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aMgyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3OwFAAAAIBAJ&dq=referee&pg=930%2C77278|publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |title=Clean, dull soccer start|date=1 June 1970}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QNozAAAAIBAJ&sjid=SuEDAAAAIBAJ&dq=fifa&pg=6630%2C7865175|publisher=[[Eugene Register-Guard]] |title=Officials determined to police World Soccer Championships|date=30 May 1970}}</ref> The tournament's [[FIFA World Cup records#Total and Average Goals|average of 2.97 goals per game]] set a level not since bettered.


The eventual champions Brazil, led by [[Carlos Alberto Torres|Carlos Alberto]], and featuring [[Pelé]], [[Clodoaldo]], [[Gérson]], [[Jairzinho]], [[Roberto Rivelino|Rivelino]], and [[Tostão]], is often cited as the greatest-ever World Cup team.<ref name="BBC review"/><ref name="Brazil poll"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/the-boys-from-brazil-on-the-trail-of-footballs-dream-team-806939.html|publisher=[[The Independent]] |title=The boys from Brazil: On the trail of football's dream team|date=10 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1175630/THE-LIST-The-10-greatest-football-teams-time.html|publisher=[[Daily Mail]] |title=The 10 Greatest Football teams of all time|date=1 May 2009}}</ref> They won all of their six games on the way to the title, and had also won every one of [[1970 FIFA World Cup qualification#Group_2_2|their qualifying fixtures]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/67/world-cup/2010/07/07/2013961/world-cup-2010-netherlands-perfect-winning-streak-can-match|publisher=Goal.com |title=Netherlands' perfect winning streak can match historic feat of Brazil 1970|date=7 July 2010}}</ref> Their total of nineteen goals in the Finals has yet to be been beaten, while [[Jairzinho]]'s feat of scoring in every finals match likewise has yet to be equalled.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/players/player=63879/index.html|publisher=[[FIFA]] |title=Jairzinho: The Hurricane that never blew out}}</ref> Coach [[Mário Zagallo]] became the first man to win the World Cup as both a player ([[1958 FIFA World Cup|1958]], [[1962 FIFA World Cup|1962]]) and coach.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/coaches/coach=61571/index.html|publisher=[[FIFA]] |title=Mario Zagallo: None hungrier than Brazil's lone wolf}}</ref>
==Mascot==
<!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[Image:1970 juanito.jpg|thumb|''Juanito''.]] -->
The [[FIFA World Cup mascots|official mascot]] of this World Cup was ''Juanito'', a boy wearing Mexico's uniform and a [[sombrero]].


==Match officials==
==Match officials==
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#{{fb|SLV}}
#{{fb|SLV}}
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}

==Notable innovations==
For the first time, substitutions were allowed in World Cup play. Each team were allowed to make two substitutions during a match. The [[USSR national football team|Soviet Union]] were the first team to make a substitution in World Cup history against [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]] in the opening match. [[Viktor Serebryanikov]] was the first player to be replaced, by [[Anatoliy Puzach]] after 45 minutes.

This World Cup also featured the first ever use of [[misconduct (football)|yellow and red cards]] for cautions and expulsions respectively. (Note that cautions and expulsions already existed prior to 1970.) Five yellow cards were shown in the opening Mexico vs USSR match, while no red cards were given in the tournament. The idea of language-neutral coloured cards originated with English referee [[Ken Aston]], who got the idea while sitting in his car at a [[traffic light]].<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/news/newsid=80623/ Ken Aston - the inventor of yellow and red cards] FIFA.com, 15 January 2002</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 00:52, 7 July 2013

1970 FIFA World Cup
Mexico '70
File:1970 FIFA World Cup logo.svg
1970 FIFA World Cup official logo
Tournament details
Host countryMexico
Dates31 May – 21 June
Teams16 (from 5 confederations)
Venue(s)5 (in 5 host cities)
Final positions
Champions Brazil (3rd title)
Runners-up Italy
Third place West Germany
Fourth place Uruguay
Tournament statistics
Matches played32
Goals scored95 (2.97 per match)
Attendance1,603,975 (50,124 per match)
Top scorer(s)West Germany Gerd Müller (10 goals)
Best player(s)Brazil Pelé
← 1966
1974 →

The 1970 FIFA World Cup, the ninth staging of the World Cup, was held in Mexico, from 31 May to 21 June. The 1970 tournament was the first World Cup hosted in North America, and the first held outside South America and Europe. In a match-up of two-time World Cup champions, the final was won by Brazil, who beat Italy 4–1. With their third World Cup triumph, Brazil were allowed to keep the Jules Rimet Trophy permanently.

The Brazilian team, led by Carlos Alberto, and featuring Pelé, Clodoaldo, Gérson, Jairzinho, Rivelino, and Tostão, is often regarded as the greatest World Cup team ever.[1][2][3][4][5][6] They won all of their 6 games on the way to the title, and had also won all of their 6 qualifying games on their way to Mexico. This tournament saw the return of free-flowing, attacking play after the physical battles of 1962 and 1966, and is considered by many to be the finest World Cup in history.[7][8]

Host selection

Further information: FIFA World Cup hosts

Mexico was chosen as the host nation by FIFA on 8 October 1964 at their congress in Tokyo ahead of the only other submitted bid from Argentina.[9] The tournament became the first World Cup hosted in North America, and the first to be staged outside South America and Europe; Mexico later became the first country to host the FIFA World Cup twice when it stepped in to stage the 1986 event after the original host selection, Colombia, suffered financial problems.[9]

Qualification

  Countries qualified for World Cup
  Country failed to qualify
  Countries that did not enter World Cup
  Country not a FIFA member
Main article: 1970 FIFA World Cup qualification

A total of 75 teams entered the 1970 FIFA World Cup, with 73 being required to qualify. Due to rejected entries and withdrawals, 68 teams eventually participated in the qualifying stages, including eight for the first time.[10][11] Mexico as the host nation and England as reigning World Cup champions were granted automatic qualification, with the remaining fourteen finals places divided among the continental confederations.[10]

Eight places were available to teams from UEFA (Europe), three for CONMEBOL teams (South America), one for CAF teams (Africa), one for an AFC/OFC team (Asia/Oceania), and one for a CONCACAF team (North and Central America and Caribbean).[10] A place in the finals for an African representative was guaranteed for the first time, as a response to the mass boycott of the qualifying process for 1966 by the African entrants after FIFA linked Africa, Asia and Oceania together with only one qualifying place on offer.[12][13][14]

The draw for the qualifying stages was conducted on 1 February 1968 in Casablanca, Morocco,[11] with matches beginning in May 1968 and the final fixtures being concluded in December 1969. North Korea, quarter-finalists at the previous tournament, were disqualified during the process after refusing to play in Israel for political reasons.[15][16] El Salvador qualified for the finals after beating Honduras in a play-off match, which was the catalyst for a four-day conflict in July 1969 known as the Football War.[17]

Half of the eventual qualifying teams had also been present at the previous World Cup, but three teams qualified for the first time: El Salvador, Israel and Morocco, while Peru returned to the finals after a forty-year absence.[18] Those who failed to qualify included Argentina, France, Hungary, Portugal and Spain.

Venues

Guadalajara León Mexico City Puebla Toluca
Estadio Jalisco Estadio Nou Camp Estadio Azteca Estadio Cuauhtémoc Estadio Luis Dosal
1970 FIFA World Cup is located in Mexico
Guadalajara
Guadalajara
León
León
Mexico City
Mexico City
Puebla
Puebla
Toluca
Toluca
class=notpageimage|
The five host cities of the 1970 FIFA World Cup

Five stadia in five different cities were selected to host the World Cup matches. Alternative venues in Hidalgo state and the port city of Veracruz were also considered.[19] Each group was based solely in one city, which with exception of Group 2 which was staged in both Puebla and Toluca. Aside from the Estadio Luis Dosal, all the stadia had only been constructed during the 1960s, as Mexico prepared to host both the World Cup and the 1968 Summer Olympics.[20]

The altitude of the venues varied and the importance of acclimatisation was strongly considered by all the participating teams. As a result, in contrast to the previous tournament – staged in England – most teams arrived in the region well in advance of their opening fixtures to prepare for this factor.[21][22] With an altitude in excess of 2,660 metres above sea level, Toluca was the highest of the venues, while the lowest, Guadalajara, stood at 1,500 metres.

Final draw

Although it was reported in the build-up to the final draw that seedings would be used, as had been the case at the previous two World Cup Finals,[23][24] the FIFA Organising Committee ultimately announced that there would be no seeding of teams.[25] Instead the sixteen teams were divided into four 'geographical groupings', which also took into account the teams' strengths and even political considerations;[26] the system ensured that Israel and Morocco would not be drawn to face each other after Morocco had earlier threatened to withdraw from the tournament if that were the case.[27]

Pot 1: European I Pot 2: Americas Pot 3: European II Pot 4: Rest of the World

The draw was staged in Mexico City, Mexico on 10 January 1970 in the Maria Isabel Hotel, which served as FIFA's headquarters during the competition.[28] The teams were drawn into the four groups, which had their locations defined in advanced: Group 1 being staged in Mexico City, Group 2 in Puebla and Toluca, Group 3 in Guadalajara and Group 4 in León. It was predetermined that the hosts Mexico would be in Group 1 and so based in the capital city, and that England as holders would be based in Guadalajara, the tournament's second largest stadium.[29] The 10-year-old daughter of Guillermo Cañedo, President of the Mexican Football Federation and the Local Organising Committee, drew out the teams from four silver cups.[30][31]

Tournament review

Juanito was the official tournament mascot.

Group stage

Following the opening ceremony host nation Mexico faced the Soviet Union; this was the last time until the 2006 Finals that the host nation's first match rather than the World Cup holders' began the tournament.[32] Both this opening match of Group 1 and many others during the competition kicked off at noon for the benefit of European television schedules, meaning play under the midday sun.[33][34] The match produced a goalless draw, prompting some media to predict the entire tournament would be played at the slow tempo that featured in this game given the conditions involved.[35][36] Following the half-time interval Anatoliy Puzach became the first substitute to be used in FIFA World Cup history as the Soviets made use of the new competition rule.[18] Both teams won their remaining two games to progress from the group at the expense of Belgium and World Cup debutants El Salvador.

Group 2 was the lowest-scoring of the groups with only six goals in its six matches as Uruguay, reigning South America champions, Italy, the reigning European champions, edged past Sweden and Israel. Sweden would have progressed if they had produced a two-goal victory against Uruguay in their final game, but it was not until the final minute that they scored the only goal of the game.[37] Hours before the game FIFA elected to replace the scheduled referee after bribery rumours – later dismissed by FIFA[38] – arose in Mexico.[39] The 1–0 result meant Uruguay advanced, to be joined by Italy after they avoided defeat in the group finale against Israel.[40]

Owing to the lack of a seeding system, Group 3 allowed the reigning World Cup holders England to be paired together with the two-time former champion Brazil, considered by many the pre-tournament favourites for the trophy.[25] England's preparations were hampered by the arrest of their captain Bobby Moore in Colombia for allegedly stealing a bracelet from a jeweller's shop;[41] the charges were later dropped.[42] The attitude of their manager Alf Ramsey and the English media in general was perceived by many locals as unfriendly and xenophobic toward Mexico's hosting of the competition, which meant the English team received a largely hostile response during the competition.[43][44][45][46][29][47][48][49]

With both having won their opening games – against Czechoslovakia and Romania, respectively[50][51] – Brazil met England in the group's most famed match.[52] Although Gordon Banks in the English goal denied Pelé from close range with a reflex save that Pelé himself cited as the greatest of his career,[53][54] a second half goal from Jairzinho won the match for Brazil after England squandered several excellent opportunities to equalise.[55][56] Both teams then won their final group games to progress to the knockout stage.[57]

Play in Group 4 began with Bulgaria taking a two-goal lead against Peru, but a second half comeback gave the South Americans a 3–2 victory.[58] Morocco, the first African World Cup representatives since 1934,[12] also began strongly by taking the lead against the 1966 runners-up West Germany, but the Germans came back to win 2–1.[50] West Germany also went behind against Bulgaria in their second match, but a Gerd Müller hat-trick helped them recover and win 5–2; the eventual Golden Boot winner Müller hit another hat-trick – the only hat-tricks of the entire tournament[59] – to win the group against Peru.[60]

Knockout stage

Mexico and the Soviet Union had finished tied at the top of Group 1 on both points and goal difference, meaning that the drawing of lots was required to rank them. On 12 June the draw ranked the Soviets as group winners, meaning that they would face Uruguay in the large Estadio Azteca, while the host nation would be paired against Italy in the smaller Toluca venue.[38][61] Mexican officials unsuccessfully appealed to FIFA to stage their game in the capital to avoid traffic problems.[38] The host took the lead against Italy with a José Luis González goal, but his team-mate Javier Guzmán equalised with an own goal before half-time. Italy then dominated the second half to progress to the semi-finals with a 4–1 win.[62] The Soviet Union were also eliminated in their quarter-final when a Víctor Espárrago header three minutes from the end of extra-time sent Uruguay through.[63]

The all-South America tie in Guadalajara was the highest-scoring of the four quarter-finals as Brazil recorded a 4–2 triumph over Peru. A rematch of the previous World Cup final between England and West Germany took place in León, in which the reigning champions entered a two-goal lead. Franz Beckenbauer halved the deficit when his low shot beat England's second choice goalkeeper Peter Bonetti, playing after Gordon Banks suffered food poisoning the day before.[64][65] Eight minutes from time an Uwe Seeler header levelled the score before an extra-time goal from Gerd Müller brought (West) Germany's first-ever competitive victory over England.[66][67]

The tournament's official poster.

All four of the semi-finalists were former world champions with the line-up guaranteeing a European versus South American final. In the all-South American tie, controversially switched from the capital to the lower altitude of Guadalajara,[68] Brazil came from behind to defeat Uruguay 3–1 and earn the right to contest their fourth World Cup Final. Two Brazilian goals in the final fifteen minutes decided a match that had been evenly-matched until that point.[69] The all-European meeting between Italy and West Germany produced a match regarded by many as one of the greatest World Cup games. Having led from the eighth minute through Roberto Boninsegna's strike, Italy were pegged back in injury time when sweeper Karl-Heinz Schnellinger scored his only international goal.[70] The first period of extra-time saw five goals as the lead swing between the two until Gianni Rivera gave the Azzurri a decisive 4–3 lead.[71][72] The match subsequently became known as the "Game of the Century", and today has a monument outside the Estadio Azteca to commemorates it.[72] West Germany went on to defeat Uruguay 1–0 in the third-place match.[73]

In the final, Brazil opened the scoring when Pelé headed in a cross from Rivelino in the 18th minute, but Roberto Boninsegna equalised for Italy after a series of blunders in the Brazilian defence.[74] The match remained level until the 66th minute when a powerful shot from Gérson restored the Brazilians' lead. Further goals from Jairzinho and Carlos Alberto rewarded Brazil's attacking play and secured a 4–1 victory and a record third World Cup triumph.[74] In honour of their achievement Brazil were allowed to keep the Jules Rimet Trophy.[74]

Legacy

Both the Brazilian team that were crowned champions of the 1970 World Cup and the tournament itself have become regarded as among the very finest in the history of the FIFA World Cup.[75][76][77][78] In contrast to the more physical style of play that had dominated the previous two tournaments, the 1970 Finals are noted for the attacking play adopted by most teams.[79][80][81] For the first time at a World Cup Finals, referees could issue yellow and red cards,[82] yet, in contrast to the previous tournaments and all subsequent tournaments to date, no player was expelled from play.[83] The officiating of the opening match, commentated by some media as overly strict,[84][85][86] set a standard of discipline that instead helped protect skillful players in accordance with FIFA's stated wish.[49][87][88] The tournament's average of 2.97 goals per game set a level not since bettered.

The eventual champions Brazil, led by Carlos Alberto, and featuring Pelé, Clodoaldo, Gérson, Jairzinho, Rivelino, and Tostão, is often cited as the greatest-ever World Cup team.[75][76][89][90] They won all of their six games on the way to the title, and had also won every one of their qualifying fixtures.[91] Their total of nineteen goals in the Finals has yet to be been beaten, while Jairzinho's feat of scoring in every finals match likewise has yet to be equalled.[92] Coach Mário Zagallo became the first man to win the World Cup as both a player (1958, 1962) and coach.[93]

Match officials

Squads

For a list of all squads that appeared in the final tournament, see 1970 FIFA World Cup squads.

Results

  Champion
  Runner-up
  Third place
  Fourth place
  Quarter-finals
  Group stage

Group stage

The first round, or group stage, saw the sixteen teams divided into four groups of four teams. Each group was a round-robin of six games, where each team played one match against each of the other teams in the same group. Teams were awarded two points for a win, one point for a draw and none for a defeat. The teams finishing first and second in each group qualified for the quarter-finals, while the bottom two teams in each group were eliminated from the tournament.

Tie-breaking criteria

Teams were ranked on the following criteria:

1. Greater number of points in all group matches
2. Goal difference in all group matches (replacing the previous usage of goal average)
3. Drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee
Key to colours in group tables
Teams that advanced to the quarter-finals

Group 1

Main article: 1970 FIFA World Cup Group 1
Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Soviet Union 3 2 1 0 6 1 +5 5
 Mexico 3 2 1 0 5 0 +5 5
 Belgium 3 1 0 2 4 5 −1 2
 El Salvador 3 0 0 3 0 9 −9 0
  • Note: Having finished level on both points and goal difference, the Soviet Union and Mexico were divided by the drawing of lots.
31 May 1970
Mexico  0–0  Soviet Union
3 June 1970
Belgium  3–0  El Salvador
6 June 1970
Soviet Union  4–1  Belgium
7 June 1970
Mexico  4–0  El Salvador
10 June 1970
Soviet Union  2–0  El Salvador
11 June 1970
Mexico  1–0  Belgium

Group 2

Main article: 1970 FIFA World Cup Group 2
Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Italy 3 1 2 0 1 0 +1 4
 Uruguay 3 1 1 1 2 1 +1 3
 Sweden 3 1 1 1 2 2 0 3
 Israel 3 0 2 1 1 3 −2 2
2 June 1970
Uruguay  2–0  Israel
3 June 1970
Italy  1–0  Sweden
6 June 1970
Uruguay  0–0  Italy
7 June 1970
Sweden  1–1  Israel
10 June 1970
Uruguay  0–1  Sweden
11 June 1970
Israel  0–0  Italy

Group 3

Main article: 1970 FIFA World Cup Group 3
Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Brazil 3 3 0 0 8 3 +5 6
 England 3 2 0 1 2 1 +1 4
 Romania 3 1 0 2 4 5 −1 2
 Czechoslovakia 3 0 0 3 2 7 −5 0
2 June 1970
Romania  0–1  England
3 June 1970
Czechoslovakia  1–4  Brazil
6 June 1970
Romania  2–1  Czechoslovakia
7 June 1970
England  0–1  Brazil
10 June 1970
Romania  2–3  Brazil
11 June 1970
England  1–0  Czechoslovakia

Group 4

Main article: 1970 FIFA World Cup Group 4
Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 West Germany 3 3 0 0 10 4 +6 6
 Peru 3 2 0 1 7 5 +2 4
 Bulgaria 3 0 1 2 5 9 −4 1
 Morocco 3 0 1 2 2 6 −4 1
2 June 1970
Peru  3–2  Bulgaria
3 June 1970
Morocco  1–2  West Germany
6 June 1970
Peru  3–0  Morocco
7 June 1970
Bulgaria  2–5  West Germany
10 June 1970
Peru  1–3  West Germany
11 June 1970
Bulgaria  1–1  Morocco

Knockout stage

Main article: 1970 FIFA World Cup knockout stage

The eight teams that had advanced from the group stage entered a single-elimination style tournament, which also featured a third place play-off contested between the two losing semi-finalists. In this knockout stage (including the final), if a match was level at the end of 90 minutes, extra time of two periods (15 minutes each) would be played. In matches prior to the final, if the score was still level after extra time then a coin toss by the referee would determine the winner. If the final was still level after 120 minutes' play then the match would instead be replayed at a later date.

 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
14 June – Mexico City
 
 
 Soviet Union0
 
17 June – Guadalajara
 
 Uruguay (a.e.t.)1
 
 Uruguay1
 
14 June – Guadalajara
 
 Brazil3
 
 Brazil4
 
21 June – Mexico City
 
 Peru2
 
 Brazil4
 
14 June – Toluca
 
 Italy1
 
 Italy4
 
17 June – Mexico City
 
 Mexico1
 
 Italy (a.e.t.)4
 
14 June – León
 
 West Germany3 Third place
 
 West Germany (a.e.t.)3
 
20 June – Mexico City
 
 England2
 
 Uruguay0
 
 
 West Germany1
 

All times listed local (UTC−6)

Quarter-finals

Soviet Union 0–1 (a.e.t.) Uruguay
Report Espárrago 117'
Attendance: 26,085
Italy 4–1 Mexico
Guzmán 25' (o.g.)
Riva 63', 76'
Rivera 70'		 Report González 13'
Attendance: 26,851
Brazil 4–2 Peru
Rivelino 11'
Tostão 15', 52'
Jairzinho 75'		 Report Gallardo 28'
Cubillas 70'
Attendance: 54,233
West Germany 3–2 (a.e.t.) England
Beckenbauer 68'
Seeler 82'
Müller 108'		 Report Mullery 31'
Peters 49'
Attendance: 23,357

Semi-finals

Uruguay 1–3 Brazil
Cubilla 19' Report Clodoaldo 44'
Jairzinho 76'
Rivelino 89'
Attendance: 51,261
Italy 4–3 (a.e.t.) West Germany
Boninsegna 8'
Burgnich 98'
Riva 104'
Rivera 111'		 Report Schnellinger 90'
Müller 94', 110'
Attendance: 102,444

Match for third place

Uruguay 0–1 West Germany
Report Overath 26'
Attendance: 104,403

Final

Main article: 1970 FIFA World Cup Final
Brazil 4–1 Italy
Pelé 18'
Gérson 66'
Jairzinho 71'
Carlos Alberto 86'		 Report Boninsegna 37'
Attendance: 107,412

Statistics

Goalscorers

Awards

Peru won the Fair Play Award after not receiving a single yellow or red card.

FIFA ranking

The rankings for the 1970 tournament, as defined by FIFA, are as follows:[18]

References

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