Corrective Movement: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox military conflict |
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| conflict = Corrective Revolution |
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| partof = [[Cold War]] |
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| image = |
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| caption = |
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| date = 13 November 1970 |
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| place = {{flag icon|Syria|1963}} [[Syria]] |
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| coordinates = |
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| territory = |
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| result = |
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*Overthrow of [[Salah Jadid]] |
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*Anti-leftist purge inside the [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Syria]] |
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*[[Hafez Al-Assad]] becomes [[President of Syria]] |
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| status = |
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| combatant1 = {{flag icon|Syria|1963}} [[Nureddin al-Atassi|Syrian Government]] |
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| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Syria]]<br>{{flag icon|Syria|1963}} [[Syrian Armed Forces]] |
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*[[Syrian Army]] |
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*[[Syrian Navy]] |
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*[[Syrian Air Force]] |
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*[[Syrian Air Defense Force]] |
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*[[Air Force Intelligence Directorate]] |
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*[[Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)|Military Intelligence Directorate]] |
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| commander1 = [[Salah Jadid]]<br>[[Nureddin al-Atassi]] |
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| commander2 = [[Hafez Al-Assad]]<br>[[Ahmad al-Khatib]]<br>[[Mustafa Tlass]] |
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}} |
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{{Ba'athism sidebar}} |
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The '''Corrective Movement''' was the [[Coup d'état|takeover]] by a military-pragmatist faction within the [[Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party]] regime of Syria on 13 November 1970, bringing [[Hafez Al-Assad]] to power.<ref name=guardian>{{cite news|title=Hafez al-Assad|author=Patrick Seale|newspaper=Guardian.co.uk|date=15 June 2000|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2000/jun/15/guardianweekly.guardianweekly1|accessdate=19 March 2011}}</ref> |
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==Background== |
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[[File:General Hafez al-Assad in 1970, during the Syrian Corrective Revolution.jpg|thumb|150px|left|General Hafez Al-Assad in 1970, during the Corrective Revolution]] |
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Politics were Al-Assad's lifelong interest. As a schoolboy, he joined the pan-Arab nationalist socialist [[Ba'ath Party]], and rose to be a student leader. He joined the air force and became a conspirator, plotting with a small group of officers to [[1963 Syrian coup d'état|overthrow the government]], a task accomplished in 1963.<ref name=guardian/> |
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In 1966, another [[1966 Syrian coup d'état|military coup]] resulted in an internal power change within the Ba'ath party. Regardless of the 1966 dismissal of the "old guard", personal ambition and sectarian factionalism as well as ideology differences led to continuous infighting.<ref name=devlin>{{cite book |last=Devlin |first=John F. |title=Syria: modern state in an ancient land |location=Boulder |publisher=Westview Press |year=1983 |page=55 |isbn=0865311854 }}</ref> Many of the Baath Military Committee members left or were ousted, leaving two main factions—one of [[Salah Jadid]] and another by [[Hafez Al-Assad]].<ref name=devlin/> |
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As a young and inexperienced defense minister in the 1967 war, Hafez Al-Assad presided over the loss of the [[Golan Heights]].<ref name=guardian/> In 1970, he sent the [[5th Armoured Division (Syria)|5th Infantry Division]], reinforced by other units, into Jordan to help the Palestinians against King Hussein, but had to beat a humiliating retreat when the [[Jordanian Air Force]] intervened .<ref name=guardian/> |
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==1970 Revolution== |
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The 1970 Corrective Revolution was directed against a dominant left-wing faction of the party and, to some extent, provoked by what Al-Assad and his supporters saw as adventurous and irresponsible foreign policies (notably the Syrian intervention in the [[Black September in Jordan|Black September]] conflict in Jordan, after which the Black September Palestinian faction was named). As a result of the coup, de facto leader [[Salah Jadid]] was ousted and the party was purged. This revolution turned Syria's social and political structures upside down. The [[Alawi]]tes, Al-Assad's tribe, although no more than 12% of the population, came to occupy plum positions in every sector of life in Syria.<ref name=guardian/> |
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<br><br><br><br> |
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==See also== |
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*[[Ba'athism]] |
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*[[Ramadan Revolution]] |
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*[[1963 Syrian coup d'état|8th of March Revolution]] |
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*[[1966 Syrian coup d'état]] |
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*[[1999 Latakia protests]] |
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*[[Syrian civil war|Syrian Civil War (2011–present)]] |
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*[[List of modern conflicts in the Middle East]] |
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==References== |
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<references /> |
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{{Cold War}} |
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[[Category:1970 in Syria]] |
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[[Category:Syrian revolutions]] |
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[[Category:Nonviolent revolutions]] |
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[[Category:Military coups in Syria]] |
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Revision as of 16:48, 29 July 2013
| Corrective Revolution | |||||||
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| Part of Cold War | |||||||
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 Syrian Government | |||||||
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Salah Jadid Nureddin al-Atassi |
Hafez Al-Assad Ahmad al-Khatib Mustafa Tlass | ||||||
| Part of a series on |
| Ba'athism |
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The Corrective Movement was the takeover by a military-pragmatist faction within the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party regime of Syria on 13 November 1970, bringing Hafez Al-Assad to power.[1]
Background
Politics were Al-Assad's lifelong interest. As a schoolboy, he joined the pan-Arab nationalist socialist Ba'ath Party, and rose to be a student leader. He joined the air force and became a conspirator, plotting with a small group of officers to overthrow the government, a task accomplished in 1963.[1]
In 1966, another military coup resulted in an internal power change within the Ba'ath party. Regardless of the 1966 dismissal of the "old guard", personal ambition and sectarian factionalism as well as ideology differences led to continuous infighting.[2] Many of the Baath Military Committee members left or were ousted, leaving two main factions—one of Salah Jadid and another by Hafez Al-Assad.[2]
As a young and inexperienced defense minister in the 1967 war, Hafez Al-Assad presided over the loss of the Golan Heights.[1] In 1970, he sent the 5th Infantry Division, reinforced by other units, into Jordan to help the Palestinians against King Hussein, but had to beat a humiliating retreat when the Jordanian Air Force intervened .[1]
1970 Revolution
The 1970 Corrective Revolution was directed against a dominant left-wing faction of the party and, to some extent, provoked by what Al-Assad and his supporters saw as adventurous and irresponsible foreign policies (notably the Syrian intervention in the Black September conflict in Jordan, after which the Black September Palestinian faction was named). As a result of the coup, de facto leader Salah Jadid was ousted and the party was purged. This revolution turned Syria's social and political structures upside down. The Alawites, Al-Assad's tribe, although no more than 12% of the population, came to occupy plum positions in every sector of life in Syria.[1]
See also
- Ba'athism
- Ramadan Revolution
- 8th of March Revolution
- 1966 Syrian coup d'état
- 1999 Latakia protests
- Syrian Civil War (2011–present)
- List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
References
- ^ a b c d e Patrick Seale (15 June 2000). "Hafez al-Assad". Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
- ^ a b Devlin, John F. (1983). Syria: modern state in an ancient land. Boulder: Westview Press. p. 55. ISBN 0865311854.