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List of republics: Difference between revisions

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===Antiquity===
===Antiquity===
* [[Arwad]] (c. 14th century BCE)
* [[Arwad]] (c. 14th century BCE)
* Cretan republics (c. 12 century BC)
* [[Ancient Athens|Athens]] (c. 5th century BCE) and some other Greek city-states.
* [[Sparta|respublica Lacedaemoniorum]] (c. 9th century BC - 2nd century BC)
* [[Ancient Athens|Athens]] (c. 5th century BCE)
* [[Carthage]] (c. 3rd century BCE)
* [[Carthage]] (c. 3rd century BCE)
* [[Licchavi]] (c. 600 BCE - 400 CE)
* [[Licchavi]] (c. 600 BCE - 400 CE)
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* [[Argentina]]
* [[Argentina]]
* [[Austria]]
* [[Austria]]
* [[Brazil]] (since [[November 15]], [[1889]])
* [[Brazil]] (since [[November 15th]], [[1889]])
* [[Cameroon|Federal Republic of Cameroon]] (1961-1972)
* [[Cameroon|Federal Republic of Cameroon]] (1961-1972)
* [[Commonwealth of England]] ([[1649]]-[[1653]])
* [[Commonwealth of England]] ([[1649]]-[[1653]])

Revision as of 22:51, 15 December 2006

There are and were a very large number of republics in the world. A republican form of government can be combined with many different kinds of political and economic systems, from dictatorship to democracy and from a market economy to a planned economy. Some examples for certain forms of republic are:

Antiquity

  • Arwad (c. 14th century BCE)
  • Athens (c. 5th century BCE) and some other Greek city-states.
  • Carthage (c. 3rd century BCE)
  • Licchavi (c. 600 BCE - 400 CE)
  • Malla (c. 6th – 4th century BCE)
  • Kuru (c. 6th – 5th century BCE)
  • Roman Republic (c. 509 – 27 BCE)
  • Vaishali (c. 600 BCE)
  • Vajji (c. 6th century BCE - 4th century CE)

Middle Ages and Renaissance

Enlightenment and later

Unitary republics

Unitary republics are unitary states which are governed constitutionally as one single unit, with a single constitutionally created legislature.

Constitutional republics

A constitutional republic is a state where the head of state and other officials are elected as representatives of the people and whose power is limited by constitution which protects individual liberty from being violated by the majority of the people or by government officials.

Federal republics

Federal republics are federal states in which the administrative divisions (states or provinces) retain a degree of autonomy which is constitutionally protected, and cannot be revoked unilaterally by the national government.

Confederal republics

Confederal republics are associations of sovereign states, usually having power over critical common issues such as defence and foreign affairs:

Arab Republics

Islamic Republics

Republics governed in accordance with Islamic law:

Democratic Republics

These are republics which use the word "democratic" in their official name. Their actual political systems can be very different, and some are arguably not democratic at all.

Socialist Republics

These are republics which use the word "socialist" in their official name. Their actual economic systems can be very different, and some are arguably not socialist at all.

People's Republics

Meant to be governed by the people, this name is most often (but not always) used by communist states.

Former People's Republics:

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