Jump to content

Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement: Difference between revisions

Extended-protected article
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit
Undid revision 973389660 by Soibangla (talk) Please seek consensus before almost completely blanking this section. Leave the info about Trump, then add the Biden quote.
Line 88: Line 88:


===United States===
===United States===
[[Kelly Craft]], the [[United States Ambassador to the United Nations|U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations]], celebrated the announcement, calling it "a huge win" for President Trump and for the world, saying that the diplomatic ties show "just how hungry for peace we all are in this world," and how Middle Eastern countries are all understanding the need "to stand firm against a regime that is the number one state sponsor of terrorism" — Iran.<ref name="hugewinfortrump" >[https://wtop.com/middle-east/2020/08/the-latest-uae-confirms-deal-to-establish-ties-with-israel/ The Latest: US envoy: UAE-Israel deal 'huge win' for Trump]. August 13, 2020. ''WTOP News''. Retrieved August 13, 2020.</ref>

[[Jared Kushner]], a [[Senior Advisor to the President of the United States]], stated while speaking to [[CBS News]] that the deal would make the Middle East more peaceful and hopeful, which would mean fewer American troops would need to be deployed in the region.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53781360|title=Kushner: Israel-UAE treaty a 'massive change' for the region|date=August 14, 2020|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref> [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Mike Pompeo]] said the deal was an important step toward stabilizing the region and was good for the whole world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2448036/israel-uae-agreement-important-step-middle-east-stability-says-pompeo|title=Israel-UAE Agreement Important Step for Middle East Stability, Says Pompeo|date=August 14, 2020|work=Asharq Al-Awsat}}</ref>

[[Joe Biden]], Trump's 2020 presidential election opponent, praised the agreement as it "builds on the efforts of multiple administrations to foster a broader Arab-Israeli opening, including the efforts of the Obama-Biden administration to build on the [[Arab Peace Initiative]]."<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/511884-biden-praises-israel-uae-deal-as-building-on-efforts-of-multiple</ref>
[[Joe Biden]], Trump's 2020 presidential election opponent, praised the agreement as it "builds on the efforts of multiple administrations to foster a broader Arab-Israeli opening, including the efforts of the Obama-Biden administration to build on the [[Arab Peace Initiative]]."<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/511884-biden-praises-israel-uae-deal-as-building-on-efforts-of-multiple</ref>


Revision as of 00:46, 17 August 2020

Location of Israel (blue) and the UAE (red) within the Middle East

The Israel–United Arab Emirates peace agreement, or the Abraham Accord,[1] was agreed to by Israel and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on August 13, 2020. If an agreement is signed, the UAE will be the third Arab country, after Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994, to formally normalize its relationship with Israel,[1][2][3] as well as the first Persian Gulf country to do so.[4][5] Concurrently, Israel agreed to suspend plans for annexing parts of the West Bank.[4][6] The agreement formalized what had long been a quiet but robust diplomatic relationship between the nations.[7][8]

Background

Main article: Israel–United Arab Emirates relations

As early as 1971, the year in which the UAE became an independent country, the first president of the UAE Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan had referred to Israel as "the enemy."[9] The UAE and United States had a strategic relationship since the 1990 Gulf War, growing to a significant US Air Force presence at Al Dhafra Air Base after the September 11 attacks.[10] In November 2015, Israel announced that it would open a diplomatic office in the UAE, which would be the first time in more than a decade that Israel had an official presence in the Persian Gulf.[11] In August 2019, Israel's foreign minister made a public declaration about military cooperation with the UAE amidst rising tensions with Iran.[12]

In the months leading up to the agreement, Israel had been working in secret with the UAE to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. European news media reported that Mossad had discreetly obtained health equipment from Gulf states.[13][14] Benjamin Netanyahu, the prime minister of Israel, reported at the end of June 2020 that the two countries were in cooperation to fight the coronavirus and that the head of the Mossad, Yossi Cohen, had traveled numerous times to the UAE. However, the UAE appeared to downplay this a few hours later by revealing that it was merely an arrangement among private companies rather than at state level.[15]

The move also comes following the termination of the Iran nuclear deal by the Trump administration and persistent Israeli suspicions that the Iranian nuclear program includes a program to develop atomic bomb capacities, something which Tehran denies. Currently, Iran and Saudi Arabia are engaged in backing different factions in proxy wars from Syria to Yemen, with the UAE supporting the Saudi-led and US-sponsored coalition against the Iran-aligned forces.[16][17] In recent years, the countries' informal relations warmed considerably and they engaged in extensive unofficial cooperation based on their joint opposition to Iran's nuclear program and regional influence.[18]

The agreement is also officially called the "Abraham Accord" in honor of Abraham, the patriarch of the three major Abrahamic religions of the world—Judaism, Islam and Christianity.[19]

The agreement represented a major policy reversal for Netanyahu, who had long pushed for increasing settlements in the occupied West Bank, with an objective of annexing the territory. Netanyahu faced political pressure to demonstrate flexibility, as the recent election gave him a slim majority in a coalition government and he faced a criminal prosecution in 2021. In 2019, the Trump administration reversed decades of American policy by declaring that the West Bank settlements did not violate international law, a decision that threatened the two-state solution that had long been seen as the key to lasting peace between Israel and the Palestinians. The Trump adminstration Middle East policy, crafted by presidential senior advisor Jared Kushner and released in January 2020, approved Netanyahu's plan to annex existing settlements. After Yousef Al Otaiba, the UAE ambassador to the United States, wrote a June 2020 opinion piece warning that annexation would threaten better relations between Israel and the Arab world, Kushner saw an opportunity and stepped in to facilitate talks. After negotiators had reached agreement, Trump, Netanyahu and UAE Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed held a conference call immediately prior to a formal announcement.[20][21][22][23][24]

Agreement

US President Donald Trump announces to the media the agreement from the Oval Office at the White House, August 13, 2020

On August 13, 2020, the UAE Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Anwar Gargash, announced the UAE’s agreement to normalize relations with Israel saying that his country wanted to deal with the threats facing the two-state solution, specifically annexation of the Palestinian territories, and urging the Palestinians and Israelis to return to the negotiating table. He indicated that he did not think that there will be any embassy in Jerusalem until after there is a final agreement between the Palestinians and the Israelis.[25] According to U.S. President Donald Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, "Israel and the United Arab Emirates will fully normalize their diplomatic relations. They will exchange embassies and ambassadors and begin cooperation across the board and on a broad range of areas including tourism, education, healthcare, trade and security."[26]

A joint statement issued by Trump, Netanyahu, and Zayed, read: "This historic diplomatic breakthrough will advance peace in the Middle East region and is a testament to the bold diplomacy and vision of the three leaders and the courage of the United Arab Emirates and Israel to chart a new path that will unlock the great potential in the region."[16] The UAE said it would continue to support the Palestinian people and that the agreement would maintain the prospect of a two-state solution between Israel and Palestine. Despite the agreement however, Netanyahu stated that Israel's sovereignty claim to the Jordan Valley was still on the agenda and only frozen for the time being.[16]

Zayed tweeted that "UAE and Israel also agreed to cooperation and setting a roadmap towards establishing a bilateral relationship."[2]

It is expected that the peace accord will be signed in the White House in early September.[27]

Reactions

Israel

Prime Minister Netanyahu said there was "no change" to his plans to annex parts of the West Bank if it was approved by the US, but added they were on temporary hold.[28] Before the agreement, the plan to annex 30% of the West Bank were already on hold due to a majority of Israelis and the government coalition partner Benny Gantz rejected the plan. Hundreds of thousands of Israeli settlers live in the areas, in additions to Palestinians, which were under Israeli control in practice.[29]

Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality Mayor Ron Huldai, congratulated Netanyahu on the "double achievement" of peace with the UAE and shelving of plans to annex parts of the West Bank.[30] Huldai also lit up the Tel Aviv City Hall with the flag of the UAE.[31]

The head of the Israeli settler group Yesha, David Elhayani, accused Netanyahu of "betraying" some of his most loyal supporters and having "deceived half a million residents of the area and hundreds of thousands of voters." Oded Revivi, the mayor of Efrat, a settlement of more than 9,000 residents south of Jerusalem, supported Netanyahu, arguing that "the Israeli agreement to postpone the application of Israeli law in the Jewish settlements in Judea and Samaria is a fair price [to pay]."[32]

Muslim world

Gulf states

The treaty was generally viewed with skepticism by Gulf residents outside the UAE, according to the IBM.[33].

Yousef Al Otaiba, the Emirati ambassador to the United States, issued a statement extolling the agreement as "a win for diplomacy and for the region", adding how it "lowers tensions and creates new energy for positive change".[5][34]

In Bahrain, which was the first Gulf Arab country to comment publicly in support of the deal as a step towards peace,[30] fear of government crackdown prevented activists from voicing their criticism.[33]

In Kuwait, described in the IBM article as "the only country in the Gulf with a genuine political and parliamentary life,"[33] a joint statement by seven movements of the Assembly comprising Liberals, Shiʿites, Islamists, and Arabists, among other blocs condemned the treaty.[35]

The government of Oman publicly supported the agreement (which it termed "historic").[36] The Grand Mufti of Oman, Ahmed bin Hamad al-Khalili, indirectly criticised the treaty.[37]

Saudi Arabia has remained officially silent, although the hashtag "Normalisation is Treason" started trending after the announcement, "particularly among young Saudi activists."[33]

Palestinian

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) official Hanan Ashrawi lambasted the agreement, writing on Twitter that "Israel got rewarded for not declaring openly what it's been doing to Palestine illegally and persistently since the beginning of the occupation."[4] Fatah accused the UAE of "flouting its national, religious and humanitarian duties" towards the Palestinian people, while Hamas said it was a "treacherous stab in the back of the Palestinian people"[4] and claimed the agreement was a "free reward" for Israeli "crimes and violations against the Palestinian people."[32]

Nabil Abu Rudeineh, senior adviser to President Mahmoud Abbas, read an official statement in which the Palestinian leadership rejected the agreement, terming it a betrayal against Jerusalem, Al-Aqsa mosque and the Palestinians.[38] The Palestinian Authority recalled its ambassador from Abu Dhabi.[39][40]

Iran

Iran's Tasnim News Agency said the Israel–UAE deal was "shameful."[41] The Iranian Foreign Ministry condemned the deal as a "dangerous" stab in the back of Palestinians and Muslims, terming it a "shameful" act of "strategic stupidity" by the UAE and Israel that would only serve to strengthen the "Axis of Resistance" in the Middle East. It added that the Palestinians and people of the world would never forgive UAE, while also warning it against Israel interfering in the Gulf.[42]

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps warned UAE that it will face dangerous repercussions for the deal. Iran's President Hassan Rouhani termed the agreement a "huge mistake" and warned UAE against permitting Israel to have a secure presence in the Gulf. Foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif called it a betrayal against Arab and non-Arab countries in the Middle East. A group of protesters numbering fewer than 100 gathered in front of the embassy of the UAE in Tehran on 15 August, chanting "Death to America" and "Death to Israel". The protesters also burnt the flag of Israel.[43]

UAE's Foreign Ministry summoned Iran's charge d'affaires on 16 August and criticized Rouhani's speech as "unacceptable and inflammatory" which could impact the security scenario of the Gulf. It also stated that protecting the Emirati embassy in Tehran was Iran's duty.[44]

Turkey

The Turkish Foreign Ministry condemned the agreement, saying history and the people of Middle East would neither forgive nor forget what UAE did, and that it was a violation of the 2002 Arab Peace Initiative. It called UAE's behavior hypocritical and added that the Palestinians were correct in rejecting the agreement.[45] President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan later stated that Turkey was considering cutting off diplomatic relations with UAE in retaliation, as well as recalling its ambassador from Abu Dhabi.[45]

The Presidential Spokesperson Ibrahim Kalın also expressed concerns regarding the deal to the American National Security Advisor Robert C. O'Brien.[46] The Speaker of the Grand National Assembly Mustafa Şentop condemned the deal, calling it "disgraceful" and a betrayal of the Palestinian cause.[47]

Pakistan

Rallies and demonstrations were held in many cities across Pakistan to condemn the agreement between the UAE and Israel.[48]

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs cautiously reacted and in a press statement termed the UAE-Israel deal is having "far-reaching implications, and that Pakistan’s approach will be guided by our evaluation of how Palestinians’ rights and aspirations are upheld and how regional peace, sec­urity and stability are preserved."[49]

The News International reported that Pakistan will give stance on Israel-UAE agreement after consultations and after examining pros and cons of the development on Pakistan’s national interests. Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi avoided making comments on the sensitive subject.[50]

Others

The Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi welcomed the deal, saying that he praises the parties' efforts to "achieve prosperity and stabilization in our region." He also personally congratulated Emirate of Abu Dhabi's crown prince Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan for the deal.[51]

Jordan's Foreign Minister Ayman Safadi said the agreement should be followed up by Israel abandoning any plan to annex parts of West Bank and if the deal could lead to its withdrawal from Palestinian territories, it would move Middle East closer to peace. Otherwise, it would only exacerbate the Arab-Israeli conflict.[52]

United States

Kelly Craft, the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, celebrated the announcement, calling it "a huge win" for President Trump and for the world, saying that the diplomatic ties show "just how hungry for peace we all are in this world," and how Middle Eastern countries are all understanding the need "to stand firm against a regime that is the number one state sponsor of terrorism" — Iran.[30]

Jared Kushner, a Senior Advisor to the President of the United States, stated while speaking to CBS News that the deal would make the Middle East more peaceful and hopeful, which would mean fewer American troops would need to be deployed in the region.[53] Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said the deal was an important step toward stabilizing the region and was good for the whole world.[54]

Joe Biden, Trump's 2020 presidential election opponent, praised the agreement as it "builds on the efforts of multiple administrations to foster a broader Arab-Israeli opening, including the efforts of the Obama-Biden administration to build on the Arab Peace Initiative."[55]

Europe

British Prime Minister Boris Johnson lauded the agreement as a pathway to achieving peace in the Middle East and also praised suspension of annexation of areas in West Bank. British Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab and French Foreign Affairs Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian voiced similar sentiments, with the former adding that it was time for direct dialogue between Israelis and Palestinians, while the latter stated that it created an opportunity for resuming the talks.[56] France and Germany saw the agreement as keeping hopes up for a two-state solution.[29]

A European Commission spokeswoman said the deal was an important for both Israel and UAE, in addition to ensuring their stability. Italy meanwhile hoped that it would usher in peace and stability in the Middle East. It also called Israel's suspension of annexation of parts of West Bank positive and hoped it will restart talks with Palestinians for a two-state solution.[57] Spain said it welcomed the deal and hoped Israel will permanently suspend annexation plans. It also hoped that it will contribute to resumption of Israeli-Palestinian dialogue and stabilize Middle East.[58]

Luxembourg's Foreign Minister Jean Asselborn in contrast doubted that the agreement would bring stability to the region, stating there'll be no stability without a two-state solution, and said the UAE had let the Palestinians down with the agreement.[59]

Africa

Mauritania, a member of the Arab League, said in a statement that it trusts the “wisdom and good judgment” of the United Arab Emirates leadership and highlighted the "absolute sovereignty and complete independence in conducting its relations and assessing the positions it takes in accordance with its national interest and the interests of Arabs and Muslims”.[60]

South Africa's Department of International Relations and Cooperation expressed regret that the agreement was struck without any consultation with Palestinians, even though the deal was related to their future, and noted the agreement doesn't guarantee a permanent suspension of annexation of parts of West Bank.[61]

United Nations

UN Secretary-General António Guterres welcomed "any initiative that can promote peace and security in the Middle East region."[62] Stephane Dujarric, Guterres' spokesman, praised the deal, stating that it suspended "Israeli annexation plans over parts of the occupied West Bank" which Guterres had repeatedly called for, and stated that "peace in the Middle East is more important than ever".[63]

UN Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process Nickolay Mladenov welcomed the deal too, adding that it would stop Israel's annexation plans which the UN has repeatedly called for to be stopped and hoped it will restart dialogue between Israel and Palestinians.[63]

Analysis

According to Lisa Goldman, co-founder of +972, Netanyahu "never intended to annex" parts of the West Bank, but the UAE is "claiming a diplomatic victory in exchange for what's probably a lot of very valuable security cooperation from Israel. All on the backs of Palestinians, as usual."[64]

According to Ellie Geranmayeh, analyst at the European Council on Foreign Relations, the agreement is unlikely to be a game-changer for Iran, since the latter had long assumed that the countries have had secret relations for a long time.[65]

According Hannu Juusola at University of Helsinki, the agreement meant that Palestinians would think that UAE put its own interests before those of the Palestinians, who had always assumed that Arab countries would not sign peace treaties with Israel before the rights of Palestinians had been guaranteed.[29]

On 16 August, 2020, the editorial team of the Financial Times wrote that the accord, rather than delivering peace, is likely to exacerbate Palestinians’ sense of hopelessness and produce more problems in the future as the Israeli and US governments have "shown no interest in a fair resolution of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict."[66]

Aftermath

On 16 August 16 2020, Israel and UAE inaugurated direct telephone services.[67] The Emirati company APEX National Investment and Israel's Tera Group signed an agreement to partner in research on COVID-19, making it the first business deal signed between companies of the two nations since normalization of ties.[68]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Holland, Steve (August 13, 2020). "With Trump's help, Israel and the United Arab Emirates reach historic deal to normalize relations". Reuters. Retrieved August 13, 2020. Israel had signed peace agreements with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994. But the UAE, along with most other Arab nations, did not recognize Israel and had no formal diplomatic or economic relations with it until now. It becomes the first Gulf Arab country to reach such a deal with the Jewish state.
  2. ^ a b Baker, Peter; Kershner, Isabel; Kirkpatrick, David D. (August 13, 2020). "Israel and United Arab Emirates Strike Major Diplomatic Agreement". The New York Times. If fulfilled, the pact would make the Emirates only the third Arab country to have normal diplomatic relations with Israel along with Egypt, which signed a peace agreement in 1979, and Jordan, which signed a treaty in 1994.
  3. ^ Smith, Saphora (August 13, 2020). "Israel, United Arab Emirates agree full normalization of relations". NBC News. Retrieved August 13, 2020. Israel currently has peace deals with only two Arab countries — Egypt and Jordan — where it has fortified embassies. If Israel and the UAE go ahead and sign bilateral agreements, it would be the first time Israel has normalized relations with a Gulf state.
  4. ^ a b c d "Israel and UAE announce normalisation of relations with US help". Al Jazeera. August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  5. ^ a b "Israel and UAE strike historic deal to normalise relations". BBC News. August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  6. ^ "Israel and United Arab Emirates strike historic peace accord". FT. August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  7. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/13/world/middleeast/israel-uae-annexation.html
  8. ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/inside-the-secret-not-secret-courtship-between-israel-and-the-united-arab-emirates/2020/08/14/3881d408-de26-11ea-b4f1-25b762cdbbf4_story.html
  9. ^ Kristian Coates Ulrichsen (September 2016). "Israel and the Arab Gulf States: Drivers and Directions of Change" (PDF). Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy. p. 3.
  10. ^ https://www.military.com/dodbuzz/2017/08/28/air-force-acknowledges-clandestine-base-in-uae
  11. ^ Hadid, Diaa (November 27, 2015). "Israel to Open Diplomatic Office in United Arab Emirates". The New York Times.
  12. ^ Freedberg, Sydney J., Jr. "Israel Meets with UAE, Declares It's Joining Persian Gulf Coalition".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Baker, Peter; Kershner, Isabel; Kirkpatrick, David D. (August 13, 2020). "Israel and United Arab Emirates Strike Major Diplomatic Agreement". The New York Times. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  14. ^ Bergman, Ronen (April 12, 2020). "Israel's Not-So-Secret Weapon in Coronavirus Fight: The Spies of Mossad". The New York Times.
  15. ^ Bergman, Ronen; Hubbard, Ben (June 25, 2020). "Israel Announces Partnership with U.A.E., Which Throws Cold Water On It". The New York Times. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  16. ^ a b c "Israel, UAE agree to normalise relations, with help from Trump". Reuters. August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  17. ^ Alexandra Stark, 'Give Up on Proxy Wars in the Middle East,' Foreign Policy 7 August 2020.
  18. ^ The New Yorker, 16 June 2018, "Donald Trump's New World Order"
  19. ^ "Trump Announces 'Historic Breakthrough' Between Israel, UAE". Voice of America. August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  20. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/13/us/politics/trump-israel-united-arab-emirates-uae.html?login=email&auth=login-email
  21. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/13/world/middleeast/israel-uae-annexation.html
  22. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/12/world/middleeast/west-bank-annexation-israel-uae.html
  23. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/29/world/middleeast/trump-peace-plan-explained.html
  24. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/18/world/middleeast/trump-israel-west-bank-settlements.html
  25. ^ "Further Israeli annexation of Palestinian territories would have eliminated hope for peace: UAE". AMN. August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  26. ^ "Israel, UAE agree to normalize ties in what Trump calls a 'historic' agreement". ABC News. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  27. ^ "Israel, UAE normalise relations in historic, Trump-brokered deal". France24. August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  28. ^ "UAE and Israel to establish full diplomatic ties". Associated Press. August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020. {{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  29. ^ a b c "Mellanösternexpert: "Avtalet mellan Förenade Arabemiraten och Israel ingen överraskning - länderna har länge varit på god fot med varandra"". svenska.yle.fi (in Swedish). Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  30. ^ a b c The Latest: US envoy: UAE-Israel deal 'huge win' for Trump. August 13, 2020. WTOP News. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  31. ^ staff, T. O. I. "Lauding normalized ties, Tel Aviv city hall lights up with flags of Israel, UAE". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  32. ^ a b Gearan, Anne; Hendrix, Steve. "Trump announces historic peace agreement between Israel and United Arab Emirates". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  33. ^ a b c d "In The Gulf, Normalisation With Israel Feels Anything But Normal". Aziz EL MASSASSI and AFP correspondents in the Gulf. International Business Times. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  34. ^ "Ambassador Yousef Al Otaiba Statement Regarding Announcement Between Israel and United Arab Emirates". Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in the United States. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the United Arab Emirates. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  35. ^ "Political groups across Mid East slam UAE-Israel deal". Cagri Kosak and Muhammed Semiz. Anadolu Post. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  36. ^ "Oman supports UAE decision to normalise ties with Israel". August 14, 2020 – via uk.reuters.com.
  37. ^ "Two days after the Emirati normalization, the Mufti of the Sultanate of Oman: Do not compromise on Al-Aqsa if you are unable to liberate it". Aljazeera (translated). Teller Report. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  38. ^ "Palestinian leader 'rejects and denounces' Israel-UAE deal: statement". Reuters. August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  39. ^ Tom O'Connor (August 13, 2020). "Palestinians recall UAE ambassador, call deal with Israel "betrayal of Jerusalem"". Newsweek. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  40. ^ "Palestinian Authority recalls its envoy to UAE". New Straits Times. Agence-France Presse. August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  41. ^ "Iran news agency tied to Revolutionary Guards calls UAE-Israel deal 'shameful'". Reuters. August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  42. ^ "Iran: UAE-Israel deal a 'stab in the back' to Muslims". August 14, 2020 – via www.aljazeera.com.
  43. ^ "Iran threatens 'dangerous future' for UAE after Israel deal". Associated Press. August 15, 2020.
  44. ^ "UAE summons Iranian diplomat over 'unacceptable' Rouhani speech". Al Jazeera. August 16, 2020.
  45. ^ a b "Turkey may suspend ties with UAE over Israel deal, Erdogan says". Reuters. August 14, 2020.
  46. ^ J. Frantzman, Seth (August 15, 2020). "Iran, Turkey, Ben Rhodes, Tlaib united in criticism of UAE-Israel deal". Jerusalem Post.
  47. ^ Gonel, Guc; Orkan, Semra; Bozdogan, Kaan (August 15, 2020). "Turkish parliament's head condemns UAE-Israel deal". Anadolu Agency.
  48. ^ "Pakistanis protest UAE-Israel deal". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  49. ^ "Pakistan cautiously reacts to UAE-Israel deal". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  50. ^ "Pakistan to give stance on Israel-UAE agreement after consultations". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  51. ^ Lewis, Aidan (August 13, 2020). "Egypt's Sisi welcomes UAE-Israel deal, halt to annexation of Palestinian lands". Reuters.
  52. ^ Al-Khalidi, Suleiman (August 13, 2020). "Jordan says Israel-UAE deal should prod Israel to accept Palestinian state". Reuters.
  53. ^ "Kushner: Israel-UAE treaty a 'massive change' for the region". August 14, 2020 – via www.bbc.com.
  54. ^ "Israel-UAE Agreement Important Step for Middle East Stability, Says Pompeo". Asharq Al-Awsat. August 14, 2020.
  55. ^ https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/511884-biden-praises-israel-uae-deal-as-building-on-efforts-of-multiple
  56. ^ "Ambassador Yousef Al Otaiba Statement Regarding Announcement Between Israel and United Arab Emirates". The National. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  57. ^ "EU, Italy welcome UAE-Israel deal to normalize ties". Emirates News Agency. Saudi Gazette. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  58. ^ "How the world reacted to UAE, Israel normalising diplomatic ties". Al-Jazeera. August 15, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  59. ^ "Luxembourg FM: UAE 'let down' the Palestinians with Israel deal". Times of Israel. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  60. ^ "Mauritania affirms support for UAE following Israel deal to normalize relations". Al Arabiya. Reuters. August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  61. ^ "Regrettable that Palestinians weren't consulted: South Africa on UAE-Israel peace agreement". The New Indian Express. August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  62. ^ "World reacts to UAE's opening diplomatic ties with Israel". Arab News. August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  63. ^ a b "UN welcomes UAE-Israel agreement". The National. August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  64. ^ "How the world reacted to UAE, Israel normalising diplomatic ties". www.aljazeera.com.
  65. ^ "Bahrain inquiry confirms rights abuses". Al Jazeera English. November 23, 2011. Archived from the original on October 4, 2012. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
  66. ^ "Israel's deal with UAE is a setback for wider peace". FT. August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  67. ^ Elbahrawy, Farah (August 16, 2020). "UAE, Israel Companies Sign First Deal After Breakthrough in Ties". Bloomberg. Retrieved August 16, 2020.

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Israel–United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement&oldid=973400438"