List of empires: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 06:10, 17 October 2007
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This is an alphabetical list of empires that stretched far beyond their geographical and cultural limits to govern other parts of the world. The list includes empires that may only have had cultural and economic influences. Some historians may consider some of the empires listed below as dynasties instead.
A
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbasid | Modern-day Iraq | Baghdad | 750 | 1517 | See also Umayyad Empire | |
Achaemenid | Persia (Iran) | Anshan | 650 BC | 330 BC | aka Persian Empire | |
Akkadian | Sumer | Akkad | 2350 BC | 2150 BC | ||
Almohad | Morocco | Marrakech and later on Seville, Spain | 1147 | 1262 | See also Almoravids | |
Almoravid | Morocco | Marrakech | 1073 | 1147 | See also Almohads | |
Armenian | modern day Armenia | Tigranakert | 95 BC | 60 BC | Tigranes was named as the king of kings. | |
Assyrian | Mesopotamia | Assur | 1920 BC | 609 BC | Exact origin at Upper Tigris river | |
Athenian | Ancient Greece | Delos island | 477 BC | 431 BC | Also known as Delian League. It was an association of Greek city-states | |
Austrian | Modern day Austria | Vienna | 1804 | 1867 | Replaced the Holy Roman Empire | |
Austro-Hungarian | Central Europe | Vienna | 1867 | 1918 | Replaced the Austrian Empire | File:Austria-Hungary flag 1869-1918.svg |
Aztec | Mesoamerica | Tenochtitlan | 1375 | 1521 | The capital of Mexico, Mexico City, is built on the ruins of Tenochtitlan. |
B
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Babylonian | Mesopotamia | Babylon | 1900 BC | 1600 BC | See also Neo-Babylonian Empire | |
Belgian | Belgium | Brussels | 1901 | 1962 | overseas possessions were referred to as "the colonies" rather than as an empire | |
Brazilian | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro | 1822 | 1889 | Established by the Portuguese royal family went into exile in Brazil after Napoleonic occupation of Portugal | |
British | Britain | London | 1583 | - | It refers to economic and cultural influence, and holds many overseas territories. Largest Empire in the world's history. | |
First Bulgarian Empire | Danube delta | Pliska, Preslav, Ohrid | 681 | 1018 | Founded by the Bulgar ruler Asparukh. Under Tsar Simeon I became the first powerful Slavic Empire. Falls to the Byzantine Empire under Basil the Bulgar-Slayer | |
Second Bulgarian Empire | Veliko Tarnovo | Veliko Tarnovo | 1185 | 1396 | Successor of the First Bulgarian Empire. Under the Tsars Kaloyan and Ivan Asen II became the most powerful state on the Balkans. Falls to the Ottoman Empire | |
Byzantine | Asia Minor | Constantinople | 395 | 1453 | Term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages |
C
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Central African | Central African Republic | Bangui | 1977 | 1979 | Jean-Bédel Bokassa declared himself Emperor Bokassa in 1977 | |
Chalukya | India | Vatapi | 600 | 1200 | see Chalukya dynasty | |
Chera | Southern India | Vanchi Muthur | B.C. | 15th century | A Tamil empire | |
Chinese | China | Depends on the era and dynasties | 221 BC | 1911 | See Qin Dynasty and Qing Dynasty | |
Chola | Southern India | Thanjavur and later Gangaikonda Cholapuram | 9th century | 13th century | A Tamil empire |
D
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Danish | Denmark | Copenhagen | 13th century | 1953 | The colonial status of Greenland was removed in 1953 | |
Dutch | Netherlands | Amsterdam | 1620 | - | See also Dutch East India Company |
E
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elamite | Ilam Province, Persia (Iran), Anshan (Persia or Iran) and Susa, (Khuzestan) | 2700 BC | 539 BC | |||
Egyptian Empire | Egypt, Africa | Memphis | 3150 BC | 31 BC |
F
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fatimid | Egypt | Cairo | 910 | 1171 | ||
First French Empire | France | Paris | 1804 | 1814 | ||
First Colonial French | France | Paris | 1605 | 1803 | ||
Second French Empire | France | Paris | 1852 | 1870 | ||
Second Colonial French | France | Paris | 1830 | - | ||
Frankish | Gaul | Aachen, (Aix-la-Chapelle) | 5th century | 10th century |
G
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gallic | Rhineland-Palatinate | Augusta Treverorum | 260 | 274 | In Latin, Imperium Galliarum | |
German | Germany | Berlin | 1871 | 1918 | ||
Ghanian | West of Sahel, Africa | Koumbi Saleh | 750 | 1068 | The Empire became known in Europe and Arabia as the "Ghana Empire" by the title of its ruler (meaning "Warrior King") | |
Ghaznavid Empire | Greater Iran | Ghazni | 963 | 1187 | See also Persian Empire | |
Golden Horde | Central Asia | Sarai | 1378 | 1502 | Broke up of the Mongol Empire | |
Great Moravia | Mitteleuropa/Central Europe | Morava | 833 | 900 | The word "Moravia" did not refer only to present-day Moravia | |
Gupta Empire | Indian subcontinent | Ujjain | 240 | 550 |
H
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haitian | North America | Port-au-Prince | 1804 | 1806 | Jean-Jacques Dessalines declared himself Emperor | |
Harsha | India | Kannauj | 606 | 647 | ||
Hebrew | Israel | Jerusalem | 1050 BC | 920 BC | aka "United Kingdom of Israel and Judah" later divided to Kingdom of Israel until 720 BC and Kingdom of Judah until 586 BC. | |
Hittite | Anatolia | Hattusa, now named Boğazkale, Turkey | 1460 BC | 1180 BC | See also Neo-Hittite | |
Hoysala | India | Belur | 1000 | 1400 | ||
Hungarian | Central Europe | 1000 | 1918 | ' |
I
Empire | Place of origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incan | Peru | Cusco | 1438 | 1533 | ||
Indus Valley | spread over present India,Pakistan,Afghanistan | Mohenjo-Daro,Harappa,Lothal | 3300 BC | 1700 BC | See Indus Valley Civilisation | |
Irish | Ireland | Armagh | 1005 | 1014 | ||
Italian | Modern day Italy | Rome | 1885 | 1941 | Italy was united too late to rival the major European powers in establishing significant colonies |
J
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Japanese | Japan | Tokyo | 1871 | 1945 | See also Meiji Era, Taisho Era and Showa Era |
K
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Khmer | Nowadays Cambodia | Angkor | 802 | 1462 | seceded from the kingdom of Chenla | |
Kongo | Southwest Africa | Mbanza Kongo | 1400 | 1888 | BaKongo kingdom that dominated West Central Africa and included parts of modern day Angola, Republic of the Congo, and the western portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo | |
Korean | Korean Peninsula | 1897 | 1910 | See also Goguryeo | ||
Khwar | Afghanistan | 11th Century | 1220 |
L
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latin | Asia Minor | Constantinople | 1204 | 1261 | See also Crusader states |
M
N
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nicaean | Anatolia | Nicaea | 1204 | 1261 |
O
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ottoman | Anatolia | Depends on the period | 1299 | 1923 | Capitals were Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne and lastly Istanbul |
P
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pala | Bengal | Pataliputra | 750 | 1174 | ||
Palmyrene | Syria (Roman province) | Palmyra | 260 | 273 | broke off the Roman Empire during the Crisis of the Third Century | |
Pandyan | India | Madurai | 1st century AD | 14th century | Considered by contemporary historians as being the richest country in the world | |
Parthian | Persia | Ctesiphon | 200 BC | 224 | See Persian Empire | |
Portuguese | Portugal | Lisbon | 1415 | 1999 | Was the earliest and longest lived of the colonial Western European empires. |
Q
Empire | Place of origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qing | China | Beijing | 1636 | 1912 | "Last dyansty of the Imperial Period" |
R
Empire | Place of origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rashidun | Saudi Arabia | Riyadh | 632 | 661 | ||
Holy Roman | Central Europe | None | 843 | 1806 | Also known as The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. See also Roman Empire | |
Roman | Modern Italy | Rome | 509BC/[1]27 BC | 476(West)/1453(East) | See also Byzantine Empire, Holy Roman Empire, Roman Republic and Imperium | |
Russian | Russia | Saint Petersburg | 1721 | 1917 | formed from the powerful medieval state of Muscovy |
S
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sassanid | Persia (Iran) | Ctesiphon | 224 | 642 | Second Persian Empire | |
Satavahana | India | Paithan(Pune) | 230 BC | 199 | Indian Middle Kingdoms Middle kingdoms of India | |
Seleucid | Persia (Iran) | Seleucia, then Antioch | 323 BC | 60 BC | ||
Seljuk | Aral Sea, Asia Minor | Ray, Iran and later on Isfahan | 1037 | 1194 | ||
Serbian | Serbian Kingdom | Skopje | 1345 | 1371 | fell into feudal disarray | File:Serbian Empire Flag.svg |
Serbian | Modern-day northern Vojvodina, Serbia | Subotica | 1526 | 1527 | state of a mercenary, Jovan Nenad | |
Siam | Thailand | Ayutthaya ,Thonburi and Bangkok | 1345 | 1909 | ||
Sikh | Punjab region | Lahore | 1801 | 1849 | Preceded the British Empire in the Indian subcontinent | |
Songhai | West Africa | Gao | 15th century | 16th century | one of the largest African empires in history. Replaced Mali Empire | |
Soviet | Russia | Moscow | 1922 | 1991 | Not a de jure empire. It referred to economic and cultural influence | |
Spanish | Iberian peninsula | Madrid | 1492 | - | Was the first truly global empire, Spain still holds territories and administrative divisions in North Africa and according to the UN has administrative power on Western Sahara.]] | |
Swedish | Scandinavia | Stockholm | 1611 | 1718 |
T
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Teotihuacano | Mesoamerica | Teotihuacán | 300 BC | 600/700 BC | Teotihuacán translated as "city where men become gods" | |
Third Reich | Germany | Berlin | 1933 | 1945 | Nazi Germany signed a treaty (Tripartite Pact) with the Japanese and Italian Empires | |
Tibetan | Tibet | Lhasa | 7th century | 11th century | ||
Timurid | Persia and Central Asia | Samarkand and later on Herat | 1401 | 1505 | Persianized form of the Mongolian word kürügän | |
Trebizond | Black Sea | Trebizond - modern name Trabzon | 1204 | 1461 | Successor state of the Byzantine Empire | |
Tu'i Tongan | Tonga, Pacific Ocean | Mu'a | 950 AD | 1500 AD | See History of Tonga |
U
Empire | Place of origin | Capital | From | To | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Umayyad | Syria | Damascus and later on Cordoba, Spain | 661 | 1492 | Descendants of Prophet Muhammad |
Ur III | Sumer | Ur | 2100 BC | 2000 BC | The dynasty/empire is also known as the Sumerian Renaissance |
V
Empire | Origin | Capital | From | To | Note | Flag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vedic | India | Various over many dynasties | 600 BC | 1200 | See Kingdoms of ancient India and Mahajanapadas | |
Venetian | Northeast Italy | Venice | 9th century | 1797 | More a republic than an empire. Also known as The Most Serene Republic of Venice | |
Vijayanagara | South India | Deccan | 1336 | 1660 | The founding of the original kingdom was based on the principality of Anegondi |
W
Empire | Place of origin | Capital | From | To | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
X
Empire | Place of origin | Capital | From | To | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Y
Empire | Place of origin | Capital | From | To | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Z
Empire | Place of origin | Capital | From | To | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|