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{{Infobox Language
{{Infobox Language
|name=Mazandarani
|name=Mazandarani
|nativename= ''Māzərūni'' مازِرونی - ''Mazəni'' مازنی <br> ''Tapəri'' تپری <br> ''Giləki'' گیلکی
|nativename= ''Māzərūni'' مازِرونی - ''Mazəni'' مازنی <br> ''Tapəri'' تپری
|states=[[Mazandaran]], and some parts of [[Tehran]], [[Golestan]], [[Semnan province|Semnan]], [[Khorasan]] ([[Iran]])
|states=[[Mazandaran]], and some parts of [[Tehran]], [[Golestan]], [[Semnan province|Semnan]], [[Khorasan]] ([[Iran]])
|region= Southern [[Mazandaran Sea]]
|region= Southern [[Mazandaran Sea]]
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|fam4=[[Western Iranian languages|Western Iranian]]
|fam4=[[Western Iranian languages|Western Iranian]]
|fam5=[[Northwestern Iranian languages|Northwestern Iranian]]
|fam5=[[Northwestern Iranian languages|Northwestern Iranian]]
|fam6=[[Caspian languages|Caspian]]
|script=[[Perso-Arabic]] Script
|script=[[Perso-Arabic]] Script
|agency=Linguistic Faculty of Babol University
|agency=Linguistic Faculty of Babol University
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}}
}}


'''Mazandarani''' or '''Tabari''' (''Also known as: Mazeniki, Taperki'') is an [[Iranian languages|Iranian language]] of the northwestern branch. Spoken mainly in [[Iran]]'s [[Mazandaran]] and [[Golestan]] provinces, it is mutually unintelligible with respect to [[Persian language|Persian]]. <ref>[http://www.tc.columbia.edu/students/sie/LCEjr05/pdfs/Borjian.pdf], p.66). </ref>
'''Mazandarani''' or '''Tabari''' (''Also known as: Mazeniki, Taperki'') is an [[Iranian languages|Iranian language]] of the northwestern branch. Spoken mainly in [[Iran]]'s [[Mazandaran]] and [[Golestan]] provinces, it is partially, but not fully, unintelligible with respect to [[Persian language|Persian]]. There are many similarities in grammar and vocabulary which render the Mazandarani [[dialect]] of [[Persian]] and the [[mainstream]], standard [[dialect]] of [[Persian]], somewhat intelligible between speakers of either dialect, similar to a speaker of [[Pigeon English]] would understand a speaker of standard [[English]]. and vice versa <ref>1372, “Pishvandha-ye tasrifi va ešteqāqi dar afāl e Guyesh e Māzandarāni Kelārdašt,” Majalle-ye Zabānshenāsi, sāl.1, no.1, pp. 88-105</ref> <ref>Le Coq, P., 1989, “Les dialects Caspiens et les dialects du nord- ouest de l, Iran,” in Schmitt, R. (ed), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, pp.296- 312, Wiesbadan. </ref> <ref>Melgounof, G., 1868, “ Essai sur les dialects du Masenderan et du Guilanla pronunciation locale”, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Geselaschaft, vol.xxII, pp. 195-224.</ref>. In addition, virtually all speakers of Mazandarani are also fluent in standard [[Persian]]. <ref>Kalbāsi, Iran, 2004,”Gozašte-ye Naqli dar Lahjehā va Guyešha-ye Irāni”, Dialectology, Journal of the Iranian Academy of Persian Language and Literature, vol. 1, No.2, pp.66- 89.</ref>
<ref>[http://www.tc.columbia.edu/students/sie/LCEjr05/pdfs/Borjian.pdf], p.66). </ref>

==History==
==History==
Among the living [[Iranian languages]], Mazandarani has one of the longest written traditions, from the tenth to the fifteenth century. This status was achieved during the long reign of the independent and semi-independent rulers of [[Mazandaran]] in the centuries after the Arab invasion<ref>Windfuhr, G. L., ''New Iranian languages: Overview''. In R. Schmitt. (Ed.),
Among the living [[Iranian languages]], Mazandarani has one of the longest written traditions, from the tenth to the fifteenth century. This status was achieved during the long reign of the independent and semi-independent rulers of [[Mazandaran]] in the centuries after the Arab invasion<ref>Windfuhr, G. L., ''New Iranian languages: Overview''. In R. Schmitt. (Ed.),
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<tr>
<tr>
<td width=33%>
<td width=33%>
Səre&#351;e
Səreşe
</td>
</td>
<td width=33%>
<td width=33%>
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<td valign=top align=center width=50%>
<td valign=top align=center width=50%>
====Adjectives====
====Adjectives====



<table class=wikitable>
<table class=wikitable>
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===In non-Iranian languages===
===In non-Iranian languages===
There are some Mazanderani loanwords in the [[Turkmen language]].<ref>Jahangir Nasr Ashrafi, 2005, Dictionary of Tabari, Vol 5, comparison between Mazanderani and Turkmen, ISBN 964 5844 394; Page 2541, </ref>
There are some Mazanderani loanwords in the [[Turkmen language]].<ref>Jahangir Nasr Ashrafi, 2005, Dictionary of Tabari, Vol 5, comparison between Mazanderani and Turkmen</ref>
There is also evidence that [[Sanskrit]] and Mazanderani share some words. {{Fact|date=September 2007}}
There is also evidence that [[Sanskrit]] and Mazanderani share some words.


==Specimen==
==Specimen==
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bázεne xεrusεk šέme gali-rε
bázεne xεrusεk šέme gali-rε



volvol sar-e dār gέnε εy zāri-zāri
volvol sar-e dār gέnε εy zāri-zāri


me gol dāš báio sarbāz-e Sāri
me gol dāš báio sarbāz-e Sāri



He would say,
He would say,
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==References==
==References==
:''See Also: [[List of the some works on Mazandarani language]]''
===General===
===General===
* [http://www.tc.columbia.edu/students/sie/LCEjr05/pdfs/Borjian.pdf Dr. Borjian, Maryam; Spring 2005; Bilingualism in Mazandaran: Peaceful Coexistence With Persian]; [[Columbia University]], ''Language, Communities and Education'', pp.65-73.
* [http://www.tc.columbia.edu/students/sie/LCEjr05/pdfs/Borjian.pdf Dr. Borjian, Maryam; Spring 2005; Bilingualism in Mazandaran: Peaceful Coexistence With Persian]; [[Columbia University]], ''Language, Communities and Education'', pp.65-73.
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===Bibliography===
===Bibliography===
* [[Johannes Albrecht Bernhard Dorn]], 1860-66, ''Masanderanische Sprache'' (I-II/1, 3, [[St. Petersburg]])
* [[Johannes Albrecht Bernhard Dorn]], 1860-66, ''Masanderanische Sprache'' (I-II/1, 3, [[St. Petersburg]])
* [[Satoko Yoshie]], [[1998]], ''[[Sari]] Dialect (of Mazandarani language)'', Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, [[Tokio]], [[Japan]] [http://opac.ide.go.jp/cgi-bin/exec_cgi/ibibser.cgi?CGILANG=japanese&U_CHARSET=utf-8&SH_PRMKEY_bib%3DIran+--+History&SORTKEY=&SORTDIR=&THESAURUS=&BRNUM=251&IBMODE=1&CGIPID=30231&SFORM=][http://www.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/ssg/nel/nel9912.htm][http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0000CQUDE]
* [[Satoko Yoshie]], [[1998]], ''[[Sari]] Dialect (of Mazandarani language)'', Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, [[Tokio]], [[Japan]] [http://opac.ide.go.jp/cgi-bin/exec_cgi/ibibser.cgi?CGILANG=japanese&U_CHARSET=utf-8&SH_PRMKEY_bib%3DIran+--+History&SORTKEY=&SORTDIR=&THESAURUS=&BRNUM=251&IBMODE=1&CGIPID=30231&SFORM=][http://www.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/ssg/nel/nel9912.htm][http://www.amazon.co.uk/dialect-Iranian-studies-Satoko-Yoshie/dp/B0000CQUDE/ref=sr_1_1/203-5002869-9991121?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1177498360&sr=1-1]
* Dr. Shokri, Guiti; 1995, Sari Dialect (of Mazandarani), [[Tehran]], Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
* Dr. Shokri, Guiti; 1995, Sari Dialect(of Mazandarani), [[Tehran]], Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
* Dr. Shokri, Guiti; 2006, [[Ramsar]]i Dialect , [[Tehran]], Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
* Dr. Shokri, Guiti; 2006, [[Ramsar]]i Dialect , [[Tehran]], Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
===More references===
<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2"><tr><td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><small>
* Chodzko, Alexander, [[1842]], ''Specimens of the popular poverty of Persia as found in the adventures and improvisations of Kurroglou, the bandit- minstrel of Northern Persia; and in the songs of the people inhabiting the shores of the [[Caspian Sea]].'' Orally collected and translated, with philological and historical notes, London, pp. 510- 517, 568- 581.
* Christensen, A.; [[1995]] (tr); ''Contributions a la dialectologie iraniene, Dialect Guiläki de Recht'', (Guyesh –e Gilaki-ye Rasht) translated, with notes by Ja‘far Khomāmi Zāde, Tehran.
* DeMorgan,J., [[1904]], ''Mission Scientifique en Perse, vol.5,Etudes linguistiques(I.) Dialectes du Kurds. Langues et dialects du nord de la Perse'', Paris, pp.200-246.
* Geiger, w., &., Wilhelm Kuhn, 1898–1901; ''Die Kaspischen Dialekte'';Grundriss der Iranischen Philologie , 1Band, 2Ab., Strassburg. Pp.344-380..
* Dorn B. (ed.); 1860-1866; ''Kenntniss der Iranischen Srachen'', St. Petersburg.
* Lambton, A.K.S.; [[1938]], ''Three Persian Dialects'', [[London]].
* Le Coq, P.; 1989; ''Les dialects Caspiens et les dialects du nord- ouest de l, Iran'' in Schmitt, R. (ed), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, pp.296-312, [[Wiesbaden]].
* Makenzi, D.; [[1969]]; ''Iranian Languages'', in Sebeok, Thomas, A. (ed), Current Trends in Linguistics, Vol.5, pp. 450-477, Nederland. MG.
* Melgounof, G., [[1868]], ''Essai sur les dialects du Masenderan et du Guilanla pronunciation locale'', Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Geselaschaft, vol.xxII, pp. 195-224.
* Mozaffari, M., V., [[1979]], Noqāndāri, [[Langrud]].
* Nowata, T., 1948, ''Māzandarāni'', (Asian and African Grammatical Manual, No 17), ILCAA, [[Tokyo]].

</small></td><td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><small>

* Oranski, I., M., [[1979]], (tr.), Moqaddame –ye Feqholloqe- ye Irani, translated by Kešāvarz, Tehran.
* Purriyahi, M., [[1971]], Barresi-ye dastur-e Guyesh-e Gilaki-ye Rasht (A Grammatical Study of Gilaki dialect of Rasht), (Ph. D Thisis), Tehran University.
* Sartip pur, J., 1990, Vižegihā-ye Dasturi va Farhang-e vāžehā-ye Gilaki (Grammatical Characteristics and Glossary of Gilaki), Rasht.
* Shokri, G., [[1990]], ''Verb Structure in Sāri dialect'', Farhang, Vol.6, pp.217-231, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran.
* ----------, [[1998]], ''Māzi –ye Naqli dar Guyeshhā-ye Gilaki va Mazandarāni (Present perfect in Gilani and Mazandarāni Dialects)'', Nāme-ye Farhangestān, The Quarterly Journal of Iranian Academy of Persian Language and Literature, vol.4, No.4, [[Tehran]].
* ----------, [[2002]], Verb Structure in Rāmsari Dialect, Professor Jes Peter Asmussem, Memorial Volum, Copenhagen, pp. 83-111.
* ----------, 1356, Farhang e Semnāni, Sorxe i, Lāsgerdi, Sangsari, šahmizādi, Vezārate Farhang o Honar, Tehrān.
* Sokolova, V.S. & Grjunberg, A.L.; [[1962]]; ''История изучения бесписменных иранских языков (Istorija izuchenija bespis`mennyx iranskix azykov)'', lzd. AN SSSR, [[Moscow]], pp. 118–147.
* A manuscript of Maghamat e Hariri in Arabic with translation into Mazandarani Tarjome –ye Maghamat e Hariri, [[Teheran]], Malek library. (600 A.H)
* Zav`jalova, V:I:, [[1956]], ''Novye svedenija po fonetike iranskix jazykov, Gilanskij I mazanderanskij jazyki'', Trudy Instituta Jazykoznaija AN SSSR, [[Moskva]], vol.6, pp. 92-112.
* Yoshie, Satoko, [[1996]], ''Sāri Dialect'', Iranian Studies, No.10, ILCAA, [[Tokyo]].


</small></td></tr></table>


==See also==
==See also==
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* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=mzn Ethnologue Report for Mazandarani]
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=mzn Ethnologue Report for Mazandarani]
* [http://globalrecordings.net/program/C08101 Audio recordings available for Mazandarani]
* [http://globalrecordings.net/program/C08101 Audio recordings available for Mazandarani]
* [http://mazandarani-language.sarinet.com/ A website for standardizing Mazandarani dialects]
* [http://www.tabarestan.ir/ Dictionary of Mazandarani, with translations into Saravi, Baboli, and Amoli dialects]
* [http://www.tabarestan.ir/ Dictionary of Mazandarani, with translations into Saravi, Baboli, and Amoli dialects]


{{Iranian Languages Group}}
{{Iranian Languages Group}}




[[Category:Northwestern Iranian languages]]
[[Category:Northwestern Iranian languages]]

Revision as of 22:17, 17 January 2008

Mazandarani
Māzərūni مازِرونی - Mazəni مازنی
Tapəri تپری
Native toMazandaran, and some parts of Tehran, Golestan, Semnan, Khorasan (Iran)
RegionSouthern Mazandaran Sea
Native speakers
3 - 4.5 million (As Native)
Perso-Arabic Script
Official status
Regulated byLinguistic Faculty of Babol University
Language codes
ISO 639-2ira
ISO 639-3mzn

Areas where Mazandarani is spoken as mother tongue

Mazandarani or Tabari (Also known as: Mazeniki, Taperki) is an Iranian language of the northwestern branch. Spoken mainly in Iran's Mazandaran and Golestan provinces, it is partially, but not fully, unintelligible with respect to Persian. There are many similarities in grammar and vocabulary which render the Mazandarani dialect of Persian and the mainstream, standard dialect of Persian, somewhat intelligible between speakers of either dialect, similar to a speaker of Pigeon English would understand a speaker of standard English. and vice versa [1] [2] [3]. In addition, virtually all speakers of Mazandarani are also fluent in standard Persian. [4] [5]

History

Among the living Iranian languages, Mazandarani has one of the longest written traditions, from the tenth to the fifteenth century. This status was achieved during the long reign of the independent and semi-independent rulers of Mazandaran in the centuries after the Arab invasion[6].

The rich literature of this language includes books such as Marzban Nameh (later translated into Persian) and the poetry of Amir Pazevari. The use of Mazandarani, however, has been in decline. Its literary and administrative rank was lost to Persian perhaps long before the ultimate integration of Mazandaran into the national administration in the early seventeenth century. [7].

The Mazandarani language is closely related to Gilaki and the two languages have similar vocabularies. Notably, the language did not come under the influence of other incoming languages such as Arabic and Turkish. According to Ethnologue, there were more than three million native speakers of Mazandarani in 1993 speaking different dialects such as Gorgani, Ghadikolahi and Palani[8]

Grammar

Mazanderani is an Inflected and Gender free language.[9] It is considered SVO in conventional typology. [10].

Morphology

Function Cases

Case Position Meaning

Səre-a

Nominative

The Home

Səre re

Accusative

To the Home

Səreo

Vocative

Home!

Səreşe

Genitive

Home’s

Səre re

Dative

To the Home

Səre Həje

Ablative

By the Home

Adjectives

Adjective Position Meaning

And-e Səre

Applicative

 

Gat Səre

Comparative

Big Home

Ota Səre

Determinative

That Home

Səre

Superlative

Xaar Səre

Suffixes

Mazandarani is one of Synthetic languages which uses many suffixes to construct adjectives, verbs, and especially nouns. The list below is a sample list obtained from the Online Mazandarani-Persian dictionary.

Locatives

Suffix

Example

Meaning

Kash

Kharkash

Good Place

Kel

Tutkel

Mulberry Limit

Ij

Yoshij

Yoshian

Bun

Chenarbon

At the Plantain

Tum

 

 

Ja

Səre Ja

Of Home

Jar

 

 

Sar

Bənesar

At the Below

 

 

 

Subjectives

Suffix

Example

Meaning

Tasha

 

Creator

Chaf

Au Chaf

Water Sucker

Rush

Halikrush

Drupelet Seller

Su

Vərgsu

Wolf Hunter

Keri

 

 

Kaf

Ukaf

Who acts in water

Mej

 

Destroyer

Vej

Galvej

Mouse Finder

Var

Kejevar

Who professional in Keje

Yel

vəngyel

Bandmaster

Orthography

Perso-Arabic Script

Mazanderani is commonly written in the Perso-Arabic script.[11]

Romanization

Jahangir Nasr Ashrafi proposed Latin scripture of this language to be used in dictionaries and other textural resources for compatibly of foreigners. It is also being usable in Chat, Email and SMS messages.

Vocabulary

Although Mazandarani shares the great part of its vocabulary with Gilaki (due to fact that it belongs to Caspian group of languages) and to lesser extend Modern Kurdish & Persian, it has many specific words of its own. Many Proto Indo-Iranian words, no longer in use in Persian, survive in Mazanderani.

Sheltered by high Alborz mountains, Mazandarani preserves many Indo-European old words which are no longer in common use in many other Iranian languages such as Persian. Below, a few common Mazanderani words & their English cognates are listed for sample.


English Mazanderani Persian Sort
New Neu Tazeh/No Adjective
Great Geat Bozorg Adjective
Better Better Nekutar/Behtar Adverb
Been Bine Budeh Auxiliary Verb
Be Be Budan Infinitive of Verb
Moon Moong Mah Noun
Tulip Tulip Laleh Noun
Cow Guw Gaav-i Maada Noun
My Me Maal-i Man Pronoun
Let (German: Lass) Lass Derang Verb
Gab Gab Goftogu Verb
Right Rast Rast/Amood/Haq

Colloquial Mazandarani has also a few Nordic, French, English, and a handful of Russian loan words in everyday use.

Use

Mazandarani is the De facto language of Mazandaran. It's the region's most widely spoken language & its native one
The lack of an official status, a cultural center, education & publishment in Mazandarani language combined with the effects of in-community migration & booming tourism, have resulted in the shrinking population of native Mazandarani speakers who use it everyday. Even when it's spoken, extensive use of Persian equivalents in spoken Mazandarani is quite common especially in bigger towns. Education at all levels are offered solely in Persian & all civil activities in Mazandaran are conducted in Persian. Most Mazandarani scholars fear the language gradually loses ground to Persian. The use of English words in colloquial mazandarani has also become recently very prevalent especially among yound people.

Influences exerted by Mazanderani

Modern-day of Iran

There are many popular companies in Iran that their name are from the origin words of this language.

In non-Iranian languages

There are some Mazanderani loanwords in the Turkmen language.[12] There is also evidence that Sanskrit and Mazanderani share some words.

Specimen

mosalmunun! mέrε šabgir varέnnε

āx, mέrε bā kamεr-e haftir varέnnε

mέrε bavέrdεnε Tεrkεmun-e dam

Tεrkεmun kāfεr o gεlilε be-ra:m

Moslems! They are carrying me at the crack of dawn.

O, they are taking me away with a pistol on the[ir] waist.

They took me to the vicinity of the Turkmen [tribes].

Turkmen [are] unbelievers and the bullet [is] ruthless.

gεtε,

ašun xō badimā mεn še Ali-rε

sio dasmāl davέsso še gali-rε

age xā́nnε bā́urεn ámi badi-rε

bázεne xεrusεk šέme gali-rε


volvol sar-e dār gέnε εy zāri-zāri

me gol dāš báio sarbāz-e Sāri


He would say,

Last night I dreamed my Ali.

He [had] wrapped a black kerchief [round] his throat.

If it is their intention is malignant about us,

May croup-cough attack your throat!

The nightingale on the tree constantly bemoans (?)

My dear brother drafted in Sāri.

Quatrains sang by Sabura Azizi, transcribed and translated by Habib Borjian; Ref. Habib Borjian and Maryam Borjian, “Mysterious Memories of a Woman: Ethno-Linguistic Materials from Rural Mazandaran,” Iran and the Caucasus 11/2, 2007.

ozεrε-vâ énε dámbe sεvâí
iấnnε búye dεlbárrε dεvấi
qam o qossέye dεl vónε kεnârí
me jấne gεl dénε búye xεdâí

At break of dawn blows the cool breeze.
It brings over the healing odor of the beloved.
The sorrow of the heart will go away.
My dear flower smells like God.

basutέ sinέye miónnε hấreš!
tévεsse – nấzεnin! – baímε nâxεš
tε armúne dέl i, εy nâzεnin yâr!
tévεsse mέsle bεlbεl zámbε nâlεš

Look at the middle of the burnt chest!
For you – O loveable! – I am unwell.
You are the heart’s aspiration, O beloved!
For you I moan like a nightingale.

 



Dεl-e armun “Heart’s Aspiration”
Rezaqoli Mohammadi Kordekheyli
Transcribed and translated by: Habib Borjian

References

See Also: List of the some works on Mazandarani language

General

Notes

  1. ^ 1372, “Pishvandha-ye tasrifi va ešteqāqi dar afāl e Guyesh e Māzandarāni Kelārdašt,” Majalle-ye Zabānshenāsi, sāl.1, no.1, pp. 88-105
  2. ^ Le Coq, P., 1989, “Les dialects Caspiens et les dialects du nord- ouest de l, Iran,” in Schmitt, R. (ed), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, pp.296- 312, Wiesbadan.
  3. ^ Melgounof, G., 1868, “ Essai sur les dialects du Masenderan et du Guilanla pronunciation locale”, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Geselaschaft, vol.xxII, pp. 195-224.
  4. ^ Kalbāsi, Iran, 2004,”Gozašte-ye Naqli dar Lahjehā va Guyešha-ye Irāni”, Dialectology, Journal of the Iranian Academy of Persian Language and Literature, vol. 1, No.2, pp.66- 89.
  5. ^ [1], p.66).
  6. ^ Windfuhr, G. L., New Iranian languages: Overview. In R. Schmitt. (Ed.), Compendium linguarum Iranicarum (pp. 246-49). Wiesbaden: L.Reichert, 1989.
  7. ^ [2]
  8. ^ [3]
  9. ^ [4]
  10. ^ [5]
  11. ^ http://www.language-keyboard.com/resource/indo-euro/mazanderani.htm
  12. ^ Jahangir Nasr Ashrafi, 2005, Dictionary of Tabari, Vol 5, comparison between Mazanderani and Turkmen

Further reading

Recent Studies

  • Habib Borjian, Archiv Orientálni, 2006, The Oldest Known Texts in New Tabari: The Collection of Aleksander ChodŸko, 74/2, pp. 153-171.
  • Dr. Borjian, Habib; 2006; Amir Pazevari (legendary poet of Mazandarani language), University of Minnesota, United States
  • Habib Borjian, Iranian Studies, 2006, A Mazandarani account of the Babi Incident at Shaikh Tabarsi, 39/3, pp. 381-400.
  • Habib Borjian, Guyesh-shenâsi, 2006, Textual sources for the study of Tabari language I. Olddocuments, no. 4.

Other Studies

  • Nawata; 1984; Mazandarani; Asian and African Grammatical Manual, No 17, Tokyo, ILCAA

Bibliography

See also