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[[Image:New York City Dist Growth Per Capita 1900 to 2000.png|300px|thumb|right|Population growth (blue) and population loss (red) from 1990 to 2000. (Click on image to see full key and data.)]]
[[Image:New York City Dist Growth Per Capita 1900 to 2000.png|300px|thumb|right|Population growth (blue) and population loss (red) from 1990 to 2000. (Click on image to see full key and data.)]]


The '''demographics of [[New York City]]''' depict a uniquely large and [[Multiculturalism|ethnically diverse]] [[metropolis]], the largest city in the [[United States]], with a population defined by a long history of international [[immigration]]. New York City is home to more than 8 million people, accounting for about 40% of the population of [[New York State]] and a similar percentage of the [[New York metropolitan area]], home to about 20 million. Over the last decade the city has been growing faster than the region. Demographers estimate New York's population will reach 9.7 million by 2025.
The '''demographics of la la la [[New York City]]''' depict a uniquely large and [[Multiculturalism|ethnically diverse]] [[metropolis]], the largest city in the [[United States]], with a population defined by a long history of international [[immigration]]. New York City is home to more than 8 million people, accounting for about 40% of the population of [[New York State]] and a similar percentage of the [[New York metropolitan area]], home to about 20 million. Over the last decade the city has been growing faster than the region. Demographers estimate New York's population will reach 9.7 million by 2025.


Throughout its history New York City has been a major point of entry for [[immigrants]]; the term "[[melting pot]]" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the [[Lower East Side]]. In 2005, nearly 170 languages were spoken in the city and 36% of its population was foreign born.<ref name="languages in NYC">{{cite news|author=New York State Office of the State Comptroller|title=Queens: Economic Development and the State of the Borough Economy|date=06-2006|url=http://www.osc.state.ny.us/osdc/rpt3-2007queens.pdf|accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref><ref name="NYC immigration">{{cite news|title=The Newest New Yorkers: 2000|author=[[New York City Department of City Planning]]|date=2005|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/nny_briefing_booklet.pdf|accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>
Throughout its history New York City has been a major point of entry for [[immigrants]]; the term "[[melting pot]]" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the [[Lower East Side]]. In 2005, nearly 170 languages were spoken in the city and 36% of its population was foreign born.<ref name="languages in NYC">{{cite news|author=New York State Office of the State Comptroller|title=Queens: Economic Development and the State of the Borough Economy|date=06-2006|url=http://www.osc.state.ny.us/osdc/rpt3-2007queens.pdf|accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref><ref name="NYC immigration">{{cite news|title=The Newest New Yorkers: 2000|author=[[New York City Department of City Planning]]|date=2005|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/nny_briefing_booklet.pdf|accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>

Revision as of 12:15, 16 April 2008

Population growth (blue) and population loss (red) from 1990 to 2000. (Click on image to see full key and data.)

The demographics of la la la New York City depict a uniquely large and ethnically diverse metropolis, the largest city in the United States, with a population defined by a long history of international immigration. New York City is home to more than 8 million people, accounting for about 40% of the population of New York State and a similar percentage of the New York metropolitan area, home to about 20 million. Over the last decade the city has been growing faster than the region. Demographers estimate New York's population will reach 9.7 million by 2025.

Throughout its history New York City has been a major point of entry for immigrants; the term "melting pot" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side. In 2005, nearly 170 languages were spoken in the city and 36% of its population was foreign born.[1][2]

Current demographics

New York City Compared
2000 Census NY City NY State U.S.
Total population 8,213,839[3] 18,976,457 281,421,906
Population, percent change, 1990 to 2000 +9.4% +5.5% +13.1%
Population density 26,403/mi² 402/mi² 80/mi²
Median household income (1999) $38,293 $43,393 $41,994
Bachelor's degree or higher 27% 27% 29%
Foreign born 36% 20% 11%
White 45% 68% 75%
White (non-Hispanic) 37% 62% 67%
Black 28% 16% 12%
Hispanic (any race) 27% 15% 11%
Asian 10% 6% 4%

New York is the most populous city in the United States, with an estimated 2005 population of 8,213,839 (up from 7.3 million in 1990).[3] New York's two key demographic features are its population density and cultural diversity. The city's population density of 26,403 people per square mile (10,194/km²), makes it the densest of any American municipality with a population above 100,000.[4] Manhattan's population density is 66,940 people per square mile (25,846/km²), highest of any county in the United States.[5][6]

New York City is exceptionally diverse. Throughout its history the city has been a major point of entry for immigrants; the term "melting pot" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side. 36% of the city's population is foreign-born.[2] Among US cities, this proportion is higher only in Los Angeles and Miami.[6] While the immigrant communities in those cities are dominated by a few nationalities, in New York no single country or region of origin dominates. The eleven nations constituting the largest sources of modern immigration are the Dominican Republic, China, Jamaica, Guyana, Pakistan, Ecuador, Haiti, Trinidad and Tobago, Albania, Colombia, and Russia.[7] About 170 languages are spoken in the city.[1]

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
179033,131—
180060,51582.7%
181096,37359.3%
1820123,70628.4%
1830202,58963.8%
1840312,71054.4%
1850515,54764.9%
1860813,66957.8%
1870942,29215.8%
18801,206,299*28.0%
18901,515,30125.6%
19003,437,202*126.8%
19104,766,88338.7%
19205,620,04817.9%
19306,930,44623.3%
19407,454,9957.6%
19507,891,9575.9%
19607,781,984−1.4%
19707,894,8621.5%
19807,071,639−10.4%
19907,322,5643.5%
20008,008,2889.4%
2005 (est.)8,143,197[8]
* gained territory
Population 1790 - 1990[9]

The New York metropolitan area is home to the largest number of Jews outside Israel. There are more Jews within New York City limits than within Jerusalem city limits, making the New York City Jewish community the largest such community in the world. About 12% of New Yorkers claim to be Jewish or of Jewish descent.[10] New York is also home to nearly a quarter of the nation's South Asians,[11] and the largest African American community of any city in the country.

The six largest ethnic groups as of the 2005 census estimates are: African, Puerto Ricans, Italians, West Indians, Dominicans, and Chinese.[12][13] The Puerto Rican population of New York City is the largest outside Puerto Rico.[14] Italians emigrated to the city in large numbers in the early twentieth century, establishing several "Little Italys." The Irish also have a notable presence. In fact, more people in New York claim Irish ancestry than in any other city in the world; including Dublin

New York City has a high degree of income disparity. In 2005 the median household income in the wealthiest census tract was reported to be $188,697, while in the poorest it was $9,320.[15] The disparity is driven by wage growth in high income brackets, while wages have stagnated for middle and lower income brackets. In 2006 the average weekly wage in Manhattan was $1,453, the highest and fastest growing among the largest counties in the United States.[16] The borough is also experiencing a "baby boom" among the wealthy that is unique among U.S. cities. Since 2000, the number of children under age 5 living in Manhattan has grown by more than 32%.[17]

Home ownership in New York City is about 33%, much lower than the national average of 69%, which includes non-city dwelling populations. [18] Rental vacancy is usually between 3% and 4.5%, well below the 5% threshold defined to be a housing emergency, justifying the continuation of rent control and rent stabilization. About 33% of rental units fall under rent stabilization, according to which increases are adjudicated periodically by city agencies. Rent control covers only a very small number of rental units. [19][20]. Some critics point to New York City's strict zoning and other regulations as partial causes for the housing shortage, but during the city's decline in population from the 1960s through the 1980s, a large number of apartment buildings suffered suspected arson fires or were abandoned by their owners. Once the population trend was reversed, with rising prospects for rentals and sales, new construction has resumed, but generally for higher income brackets.

Population

New York City compared
2000 Census Data New York LA Chicago New York State United States
Total population 8,085,742 3,694,820 2,896,121 18,976,457 281,421,906
Population, percent change, 1990 to 2000 +9.4% +6% +4% +5.5% +13.1%
Population density 26,402.9/mi² 7,876.8/mi² 12,750.3/mi² 402/mi² 80/mi²
Median household income (1999) $38,293 $36,687 $38,625 $43,393 $41,994
Per capita income (1999) $22,402 $20,671 $20,175 $23,389 $21,587
Bachelor's degree or higher 27% 26% 26% 27% 24%
Foreign born 36% 41% 22% 20% 11%
White 44% 30% 31% 62% 69%
Black 28% 12% 37% 16% 12%
Hispanic (any race) 27% 46% 26% 15% 13%

New York is the largest city in the United States, with the city proper's population more than double the next largest city, Los Angeles (or roughly equivalent to the combined populations of Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston, America's second, third, and fourth most populous cities respectively). The estimated 2005 population of New York City is 8,213,839 (up from 7.3 million in 1990).[3] This amounts to about 40% of New York State's population and a similar percentage of the metropolitan regional population. Over the last decade the city has been growing rapidly. Demographers estimate New York's population will reach between 9.4 and 9.7 million by 2030.[21] In 2000 the life expectancy of New Yorkers surpassed that of the United States national average. Life expectancy for females born in 2000 in New York City is 80.2 years and for males is 74.5 years.[22]

New York's two key demographic features are its density and diversity. The city has an extremely high population density of 26,403 people per square mile (10,194/km²), about 10,000 more people per square mile than the next densest large American city, San Francisco.[23] Manhattan's population density is 66,940 people per square mile (25,846/km²).[6]

The city has a long tradition of attracting international immigration and Americans seeking careers in certain sectors. As of 2006, New York City has ranked number one for seven consecutive years as the city most U.S. residents would most like to live in or near.[24]

Immigration

Throughout its history New York City has been a principal entry point for immigration to the United States. The city experienced major immigration from Europe in the 19th century and another major wave in the early 20th century. Since the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, and particularly since the 1980s, New York City has seen renewed rates of high immigration. Newer immigrants are from Latin America, the Caribbean, Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa. 36% of the city's population is foreign-born.[2] Among American cities, this proportion is higher only in Los Angeles and Miami.[6] While the immigrant communities in those cities are dominated by a few nationalities, in New York no single country or region of origin dominates. The ten largest countries of origin are the Dominican Republic, China, Jamaica, Guyana, Mexico, Ecuador, Haiti, Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia and Russia.[25] About 170 languages are spoken in the city.[1] Between 1990 and 2000 the city admitted 1,224,524 immigrants.[26]

Ethnic composition

New York City is a minority-majority city, or one in which people self-identified as nonwhite dominate demographically. In 2005 44% of the population was identified as white. 25.3% of the population was black or African American, 11.6% was Asian and 0.4% were American Indian. Another 17% belonged to other racial categories and 1.6% of New Yorkers identified themselves as belonging to more than one race.[27] The city has several demographically unique characteristics. The borough of Queens is the only large county in the United States where the median income among black households, about $52,000 a year, has surpassed that of whites.[28] It is also the nation's most ethnically diverse county.[29]

The New York City metropolitan area is home to the largest Jewish community outside Israel.[30] It is also home to nearly a quarter of the nation's South Asians,[31] and the largest African American community of any city in the country. New York City, with about 800,000 Puerto Rican residents, has the largest Puerto Rican population outside of Puerto Rico. Another historically significant ethnic group are Italians, who emigrated to the city in large numbers in the early twentieth century, New York City is home to the largest Italian population in the US. The Irish also have a notable presence.

% Foreign born by borough 1970-2000
Borough
1970
1980
1990
2000
Brooklyn 17.5 23.8 29.2 37.8
Queens 21.0 28.6 36.2 46.1
Manhattan 20.0 24.4 25.8 29.4
Bronx 15.6 18.4 22.8 29.0
Staten Island 9.0 9.8 11.8 16.4
Total 18.2 23.6 28.4 35.9
Source: NYC.gov[32]

Households

The 2000 census counted 3,021,588 households with a median income of $38,293. 30% of households had children under the age of 18, and 37% were married couples living together. 19% had a single female householder, and 39% were non-families. 32% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10% were single residents 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 persons, and the average family size was 3.32.

The age range was as follows: 24% were under the age of 18, 10% between 18 and 24, 33% between 25 to 44, 21% between 45 to 64, and 12% were 65 or older. The median age in New York City in 2000 was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86 males.

The borough of Manhattan is experiencing a "baby boom" that is unique among U.S. cities. Since 2000, the number of children under age 5 living in Manhattan grew by more than 32%.[33] The increase is driven mostly by affluent white families with median household incomes over $300,000.

Income

1999 per capita income was not uniform across the boroughs. Family income was much higher in each borough.

Overall, the distribution of household income in New York City is characterized by tremendous disparities. This phenomenon is especially true of Manhattan, which in 2005 was home to the wealthiest U.S. census, tract with a household income of $188,697, as well as the poorest, where household income was $9,320.[34] The disparity is driven in part by wage growth in high income brackets. In 2006 the average weekly wage in Manhattan was $1,453, the highest among the largest counties in the United States.[16] Wages in Manhattan were the fastest growing among the nation's 10 largest counties.[16] Among young adults in New York who work full time, women now earn more money than men—in 2005 approximately $5,000 more. [35] Nationally, women’s wages still lag behind men.

New York City's borough of Manhattan is one of the highest-income places in the United States with a population over one million. In particular, ZIP code 10021 on Manhattan's Upper East Side, with over 100,000 inhabitants and a per capita income of over $90,000, has one of the largest concentrations of extreme wealth in the United States. The so-called outer boroughs, especially Queens and Staten Island, have large middle class populations.

New York City's per capita income in 2000 was $22,402; men and women had a median income of $37,435 and $32,949 respectively. 21.2% of the population and 18.5% of families had incomes below the federal poverty line; 30.0% of this group were under the age of 18 and 17.8% were 65 and older.

The New Yorker who is listed as the richest individual, oil magnate David H. Koch, was worth an estimated $17 billion in October 2007.[36] The poorest New Yorkers, 1.5 million people with incomes below the poverty line, are collectively worth less than Mr. Koch's net worth. Of Forbes Magazine's 400 richest Americans, 45 live in New York City, and they are each worth at least $1 billion.[36]New York City's present mayor, Michael Bloomberg, is himself one of the nation's richest men.

New York City's unemployment rate in October of 2006 was 4.1%, lower than the nationwide rate of 4.4%.[37]

Religions

Religious groups in New York City
Borough Population
2000 census 		%
Catholic 		% not
affiliated 		%
Jewish 		%
Protestant 		Estimated %
Not Counted,
Mostly Black
Protestant
Brooklyn 2,465,326 37 4 15 8 33
Queens 2,229,379 29 37 11 5 15
Manhattan 1,593,200 35 14 20 9 19
Bronx 1,357,589 43 16 6 5 29
Staten Island 464,573 57 15 7 5 14
Total 8,110,067 37 18 13 6 23
Source: ARDA[38]

Population projections

New York has had the highest population among American cities since the first census in 1790. Growth forecasts project New York will maintain this position. The Department of City Planning estimates the city's residents will swell from 8.1 million in 2004 to nearly 9.7 million in 2025. Similar estimates are made by Urbanomics, a consultant to the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council, an intergovernmental planning group. Their study projects that by 2025, the Bronx will be home to 1.8 million people and Brooklyn to 3.6 million. This would mean both boroughs would surpass their mid twentieth century population peaks. Queens will have 2.8 million people, the study says, and Staten Island nearly 600,000; records for both boroughs. Manhattan, with 1.8 million, will still be short of the more than two million people who lived there early in the twentieth century, many in densely packed tenements.

The Urbanomics projections estimate a continuing decline of non-Hispanic whites, although births will again outnumber deaths among non-Hispanic whites after 2010; the number of black residents will also begin to decline in 2015. Hispanics and Asians will drive overall population growth until 2025; New York's population is then expected to expand more slowly, to nearly 9.5 million in 2030. That would represent a 16% increase from 2004.

According to Urbanomics, between 2025 and 2030 among Asians the total of births over deaths will more than double. The projections also expect the net migration to New York — people arriving versus leaving — will more than triple. New York's economic makeup is also projected to change, becoming generally wealthier; 36% of households are expected to earn more than $100,000 in 2025 compared with 14% now after adjusting for inflation.[39]

Historic population figures

New York City's population with each borough's, in millions. New York City, The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, Staten Island
Each borough's historical population growth, decade over decade. The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, Staten Island
Historical Population of New York City pre-Greater New York City[40]
Year Manhattan Brooklyn Queens* Bronx** Staten Is. Total
1790 33,111 4,549 6,000 2,000 3,827 49,487
1800 60,489 5,740 7,000 2,000 4,563 79,792
1810 96,373 8,303 7,000 3,000 5,347 120,023
1820 123,706 11,187 8,000 3,000 6,135 152,028
1830 202,589 20,535 9,000 3,000 7,082 242,206
1840 312,710 47,613 14,000 5,000 10,965 390,288
1850 515,547 138,882 19,000 8,000 15,061 696,490
1860 813,669 279,122 33,000 24,000 25,492 1,175,283
1870 942,292 419,921 45,000 37,000 33,029 1,477,242
1880 1,206,299 599,495 57,000 52,000 38,991 1,953,785
1890 1,515,301 838,547 87,000 89,000 51,693 2,581,541
1900*** 1,850,093 1,166,582 152,999 200,507 67,021 3,437,202
1910 2,331,542 1,634,351 284,041 430,980 85,969 4,766,883
1920 2,284,103 2,018,356 469,042 732,016 116,531 5,620,048
1930 1,867,312 2,560,401 1,079,129 1,265,258 158,346 6,930,446
1940 1,889,924 2,698,285 1,297,634 1,394,711 174,441 7,454,995
1950 1,960,101 2,738,175 1,550,849 1,451,277 191,555 7,891,957
1960 1,698,281 2,627,319 1,809,578 1,424,815 221,991 7,781,984
1970 1,539,233 2,602,012 1,986,473 1,471,701 295,443 7,894,862
1980 1,428,285 2,230,936 1,891,325 1,168,972 352,121 7,071,639
1990 1,487,536 2,300,664 1,951,598 1,203,789 378,977 7,322,564
2000 1,537,195 2,465,326 2,229,379 1,332,650 443,728 8,008,278
* Queens County excluding modern day Nassau County.
** Bronx County excluding modern day Westchester County.
*** First census after the consolidation of the five boroughs..

Major ethnic and national groups

African Americans and foreign-born blacks

125th Street in Harlem, an African American cultural center.

According to the 2000 Census, New York City has the largest population of self-defined residents of any U.S. city, with over 2 million within the city's boundaries. Several of the city's neighborhoods are historical birthplaces of urban black culture in America, among them the Brooklyn neighborhood of Bedford–Stuyvesant, Manhattan's Harlem, and the South Bronx. New York City has the largest population of black immigrants (at 686,814) and descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean (especially from Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Guyana, Bahamas, Grenada, and Haiti), and of sub-Saharan Africans. In a news item of April 3, 2006, however, the New York Times noted that for the first time since the U.S. Civil War, the recorded African American population was declining, because of emigration to other regions, a declining African American birthrate in New York, and decreased immigration of blacks from the Caribbean and Africa.[41]

In 2005, the median income among black households in Queens was almost $52,000 a year, surpassing that of whites. No other county in the country with a population over 65,000 can make that claim.[42]

Chinese

See also: Chinese Americans and Chinatown, Manhattan.

Like other such districts in American cities, the Chinatown neighborhood of Manhattan is an ethnic enclave with a large population of Chinese Americans and Chinese immigrants.

By the 1980s, it had surpassed San Francisco's Chinatown to become the largest enclave of Chinese residents in the Western hemisphere, but in the last few years it too has been outgrown by the lesser-known but larger New York City Chinatown community in nearby Flushing, Queens.

German

See also: German Americans

Extensive German immigration to the United States occurred between 1848 and World War I, during which time nearly 6 million Germans immigrated to the U.S. The German population became widespread throughout the northern half of the country, especially in the Midwestern states. Today German-Americans are the largest self-reported ethnic group in the United States.

Carl Schurz, a refugee from the unsuccessful first German democratic revolution of 1848, served as United States Secretary of the Interior and as United States Senator from Missouri. Carl Schurz Park in Manhattan is named after him.

The influence of German immigration can still be felt in areas of New York City. The Yorkville neighborhood on the Upper East Side of Manhattan was a center of German-American culture. As of the 2000 census 255,536 New Yorkers reported German ancestry.[43]

In the middle of the nineteenth century, Little Germany, in what is now termed Alphabet City, was the first non-English speaking urban enclave in the United States.

Irish

Main article: Irish Americans in New York City

The Irish community is one of New York's major ethnic groups and has been a significant proportion of the City's population since the waves of immigration in the late 1800s. New York City's St. Patrick's Day Parade dates to 1762.

As a result of the Irish Potato Famine, many Irish families were forced to emigrate from the country. By 1854, between 1.5 and 2 million people left Ireland. In the United States, most Irish became city dwellers. With little money, many had to settle in the cities at which their ships made port. By 1850, the Irish made up a quarter of the population in Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. The Irish play a significant role in city politics, the Roman Catholic Church and the New York City Fire Department and Police Department. As of the 2000 census, 420,810 New Yorkers reported Irish ancestry.[44]

According to a 2006 genetic survey by Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland, about one in 50 New Yorkers of European origin carry a distinctive genetic signature on their Y chromosomes inherited from Niall of the Nine Hostages, an Irish high king of the fifth century A.D.[45]

Italian

See also: Italian-Americans
Street vendors at the Feast of San Gennaro in Manhattan's Little Italy.

New York City has a large population of Italian Americans, many of whom inhabit ethnic enclaves in Brooklyn, the Bronx, Queens, and Staten Island.

The largest wave of Italian immigration to the United States took place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Between 1820 and 1978, 5.3 million Italians immigrated to the United States, including over two million between 1900 and 1910. Only the Irish and Germans immigrated in larger numbers. Italian families first settled in Little Italy's neighborhoods, the first and most famous one being the one around Mulberry Street, in Manhattan. This settlement, however, is rapidly becoming part of the adjacent Chinatown as the older italian residents die and their children move elsewhere. As of the 2000 census, 692,739 New Yorkers reported Italian ancestry, making them the largest European ethnic group in the city.[46] New York metropolitan area is home to 3,372,512 Italians, which constitutes the third largest concentration in the world after Milan and Rome metropolitan areas.

Italian communities in New York hold some widely attended celebrations and parades, including feasts for regional patron saints, most notably Feast of San Gennaro (September 19) by those claiming Neapolitan heritage, and Santa Rosalia (September 4) by Sicilians. Columbus Day is also widely celebrated in these communities.

Jewish

See also: American Jews
Two girls wearing banners with the slogan "ABOLISH CHILD SLAVERY!!" in English and Yiddish. Probably taken during the May 1st, 1909 New York labor parade.

The New York metropolitan area is home to the largest Jewish population in the world outside Israel. New York City's Jewish population in 2001 was approximately 1.97 million, 1.4 million more than in Jerusalem but 600,000 fewer than in Israel's largest metropolitan area, denoted as Gush Dan. However, the city of Tel Aviv proper (within municipal limits) has a smaller population than the Jewish population of New York City proper, making New York City's the largest Jewish community in the world.[[47] In 2002, an estimated 972,000 Ashkenazic Jews lived in New York City and constituted about 12% of the city's population. New York City is also home to the world headquarters of the Hasidic Chabad-Lubavitch group and the Bobover and Satmar branches of Hasidism, ultra-Orthodox sects of Judaism.

The Jewish presence in New York City dates to the 1600s, when a Jewish community relocated from Recife in Brazil, seeking freedom of worship. Major immigration of Jews to New York began in the 1880s, with the increase of antisemitic actions in Central and Eastern Europe. The number of Jews in New York City soared throughout the beginning of the 20th century and reached a peak of 2 million in the 1950s, when Jews constituted one-quarter of the city's population. New York City's Jewish population then began to decline because of low fertility rates and migration to suburbs and other states, particularly California and Florida. A new wave of Ashkenazi and Bukharian Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union began arriving in the 1980s and 1990s. Sephardic Jews including Syrian and other Jews of non-European origin have also lived in New York City since the late 19th century. Many Jews, including the newer immigrants, have settled in Queens, south Brooklyn, and the Bronx, where at present most live in middle-class neighborhoods such as Riverdale.

Nineteenth-century Jewish immigrants settled mainly in the tenement houses of the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Today New York City's Jewish population is dispersed among all the boroughs; Brooklyn's Jewish population in 2003 was estimated as 456,000, and Manhattan's as 243,000.

While three-quarters of New York Jews do not consider themselves religiously observant, the Orthodox community is rapidly growing due to the high birthrates of Hasidic sects, while the numbers of Conservative and Reform Jews are declining.

Like the Irish, the Jewish community has played an important role in New York City's politics; Jewish voters traditionally vote in large numbers and have often supported politically liberal policies.

Polish

File:Parada4.jpg
Pulaski Day Parade in New York City, major Polish-American festival

Polish immigration to New York City began at the end of the 19th century. In the 1980s, as a result of the Polish government's crackdown on the burgeoning Solidarnosc labor and political movement, Polish migration to the U.S. swelled. Polish-Americans and Polish immigrants in the city generally reside in Brooklyn (Greenpoint and Williamsburg). The combined neighborhood is sometimes referred to as "Little Poland" because of its large population of primarily working-class Polish immigrants, reportedly the second largest concentration in the United States, after Chicago. As of the 2000 census, 213,447 New Yorkers reported Polish ancestry.[48]

Polish-American culture, press

New York is home to a number of Polish and Polish-American cultural, community, and scientific institutions, including the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America (PIASA) and the Polish Cultural Institute. Polish-language publications with circulation reaching outside the city include The Polish Review, an English-language scholarly journal published since 1956 by PIASA; Nowy Dziennik [1], founded in 1971, considered the leading Polish-language daily newspaper in the U.S.; and Polska Gazeta [2], a Polish-language daily newspaper with headquarters in Brooklyn.

Puerto Rican

Further information: [[:Puerto Rican migration to New York]]
The 2005 National Puerto Rican Parade.

New York City has the largest Puerto Rican population outside of Puerto Rico. Puerto Ricans, because of their changing citizenship status of the island's residents, can technically be said to have come to the City first as immigrants and subsequently as migrants. The first group of Puerto Ricans moved to New York in the mid 19th Century, when Puerto Rico was a Spanish colony and its people Spanish subjects. The following wave of Puerto Ricans to move to New York did so after the Spanish-American War of 1898 made Puerto Rico a U.S. possession and after the Jones-Shafroth Act of 1917 gave Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship, which allows travel without the need of a passport between the island and the United States mainland. The largest wave of migration came in the 1950s, in what became known as "The Great Migration"; as a result, more than a million Puerto Ricans once called New York City home. Presently the Puerto Rican population is around 800,000.

Romanian

See also: Romanian Americans

The Romanian community of New York City is the largest such community in North America. The 2000 Census reported 161,900 Romanians were living in New York City. They are mainly concentrated in The Bronx, as well as in parts of Manhattan and Staten Island. The Romanian Day Festival, for which the City closes a section of Broadway, demonstrates the strong sense of community of Romanians living in New York.

South Asian

According to 2005 American Community Survey estimates, New York City is home to approximately 275,000 people from the India (226,587), Pakistan (34,310), Bangladesh (18,825), and Sri Lanka (1,094). South Asians constitute 3.5% of New York City's population.[49] A majority of the South Asian residents are concentrated in Queens neighborhoods such as Jackson Heights, Kew Gardens, and Elmhurst. In the borough of Queens, the South Asian population is approximately 170,000, where they constitute 8% of the population.

References

  1. ^ a b c New York State Office of the State Comptroller (06-2006). "Queens: Economic Development and the State of the Borough Economy" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-03-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ a b c New York City Department of City Planning (2005). "The Newest New Yorkers: 2000" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-03-27.
  3. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference census was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ United States -- Places and (in selected states) County Subdivisions with 50,000 or More Population; and for Puerto Rico, United States Census Bureau United States Census, 2000. Accessed June 12, 2007.
  5. ^ "Population Density", Geographic Information Systems - GIS of Interest. Accessed May 17, 2007. "What I discovered is that out of the 3140 counties listed in the Census population data only 178 counties were calculated to have a population density over one person per acre. Not surprisingly, New York County (which contains Manhattan) had the highest population density with a calculated 104.218 persons per acre."
  6. ^ a b c d "Census 2000 Data for the State of New York". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2006-07-19. Cite error: The named reference "census2000" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  7. ^ "Appendix Table 5-4: Ten Largest Sources of the Foreign-Born by County New York Metropolitan Region, 2000" (PDF). New York City Department of City Planning. 2005. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
  8. ^ Data for New York city, New York, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 12, 2007.
  9. ^ Gibson, Campbell. Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States:1790 to 1990, United States Census Bureau, June 1998. Accessed June 12, 2007.
  10. ^ "Jewish Community Study of New York" (PDF). United Jewish Appeal-Federation of New York. 2002. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
  11. ^ "Census Profile:New York City's Indian American Population" (PDF). Asian American Federation of New York. 2004. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
  12. ^ "NYC2005 — Results from the 2005 American Community Survey: Socioeconomic Characteristics by Race/Hispanic Origin and Ancestry Group" (PDF). New York City Department of City Planning. 2005. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  13. ^ [http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/census/popacs.shtml Population Division American Community Survey — New York City Department of City Planning
  14. ^ Archive of the Mayor's Press Office, Mayor Giuliani Proclaims Puerto Rican Week in New York City, Tuesday, June 9, 1998.
  15. ^ Roberts, Sam (April 9, 2005). "In Manhattan, Poor Make 2 Cents for Each Dollar to the Rich". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-03-27. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ^ a b c "Average Weekly Wage in Manhattan at $1,453 in Second Quarter 2006" (PDF). Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. February 20, 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Cite error: The named reference "ManhattanLabor" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  17. ^ Roberts, Sam (2007-03-27). "In Surge in Manhattan Toddlers, Rich White Families Lead Way". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-03-27. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ Homeownership
  19. ^ How to find a cheap apartment in New York City
  20. ^ Housing Vacancy Survey
  21. ^ New York City Department of City Planning (12-2006). "New York City Population Projections by Age/Sex and Borough, 2000-2030" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-03-27. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) See also Roberts, Sam (2006-02-19). "By 2025, Planners See a Million New Stories in the Crowded City". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
  22. ^ New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (2003-04-21). "Summary of Vital Statistics" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-04-21.
  23. ^ For cities with more than 200,000 residents."G.I.S. Lounge U.S. Population Density, 2000 Census". Retrieved 2006-01-29. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |publiser= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ Harris Interactive (2005-09-11). "California and New York City Most Popular Places People would choose to Live". Retrieved 2007-03-02.
  25. ^ New York City Department of City Planning (2005). "Appendix Table 5-4: Ten Largest Sources of the Foreign-Born by County New York Metropolitan Region, 2000" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-03-26.
  26. ^ New York City Department of City Planning (2000). "2000 Census" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-05-24.
  27. ^ United States Census Bureau. "2005 American Community Survey: New York City".
  28. ^ Roberts, Sam (2006-01-10). "Black Incomes Surpass Whites in Queens". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
  29. ^ O'Donnell, Michelle (2006-07-04). "In Queens, It's the Glorious 4th, and 6th, and 16th, and 25th..." New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-19. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  30. ^ United Jewish Appeal-Federation of New York (2002). "Jewish Community Study of New York" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-03-26.
  31. ^ Asian American Federation of New York (2004). "Census Profile:New York City's Indian American Population" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-03-28.
  32. ^ New York City Department of City Planning (2005). "The Newest New Yorkers: 2000" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-05-05.
  33. ^ Roberts, Sam (2007-03-27). "In Surge in Manhattan Toddlers, Rich White Families Lead Way". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-03-27.
  34. ^ Roberts, Sam (2005-04-09). "In Manhattan, Poor Make 2 Cents for Each Dollar to the Rich". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-03-27.
  35. ^ "Women are Winners". The New York Times. 07-20-2007. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  36. ^ a b New York Magazine (2006-11-06). "Mind the Income Gap". Retrieved 2006-11-08.
  37. ^ The New York Times (2006-11-17). "City's Unemployment Rate Falls to Its Lowest Level in 30 Years". Retrieved 2006-11-17.
  38. ^ The Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA), Year 2000 Report Churches were asked for their membership numbers.
  39. ^ New York City Department of City Planning (12-2006). "New York City Population Projections by Age/Sex and Borough, 2000-2030" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-03-27. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) See also Roberts, Sam (2006-02-19). "By 2025, Planners See a Million New Stories in the Crowded City". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
  40. ^ University of Virginia (2000-02-11). "Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990". See also University of Virginia. "Historical Census Browser".
  41. ^ The New York Times (2006-04-03). [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html? There is not evidence that the Black population is declining especially if you include those who are 1)Black in combination with other races; 2)Black Hispanic; 3)the large numbers of Black New Yorkers who are institutionalized for one reason or another(American Community Survey(US Census) does not include them in its yearly counts. For some reason, the New York Planning Commission carves the first two categories out of the US Census 2000 figures then compares the remaining figure with the 1990 figures. The US Census has found that the average age of categories 1 and 2 are between 12 and 18 years old. Follow-up surveys by the US Census Bureau and the Pew Hispanic Survey are the sources for these items. Native Born and Foeign-born Blacks have had and continue to have considerable interaction with each other including cross-cultural exchanges,sharing neighborhoods, political coalitions, and intermarriages. Theres=F30F12FB38540C708CDDAD0894DE404482 "New York City Losing Blacks, Census Shows"]. Retrieved 2006-04-04. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help); line feed character in |url= at position 45 (help)
  42. ^ The New York Times (2006-10-01). "Black Incomes Surpass Whites in Queens". Retrieved 2006-10-01.
  43. ^ New York City Department of City Planning (2000). "2000 Census" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-05-24.
  44. ^ New York City Department of City Planning (2000). "2000 Census" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-05-24.
  45. ^ Moore, Laoise T. (February 2006). "A Y-Chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland" (PDF). The American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 334–338. See also Wade, Nicholas (2006-01-18). "If Irish Claim Nobility, Science May Approve". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-16.
  46. ^ New York City Department of City Planning (2000). "2000 Census" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-05-24.
  47. ^ Simpletoremember.com (2001). "World Jewish Population, Analysis by City". Retrieved 2006-06-22.
  48. ^ New York City Department of City Planning (2000). "2000 Census" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-05-24.
  49. ^ Asian American Federation of New York (2004). "Census Profile:New York City's Indian American Population" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-03-28. Asian American Federation of New York (2004). "Census Profile:New York City's Pakistani American Population" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-04-21.

See also

  • New York City Department of City Planning Population Division [3]
  • New York City Department of City Planning Census Fact Finder [4]
  • The Newest New Yorkers, 2000, by the NYC Population Division, uses Census information and other federal and local data to take a detailed look at the origins, spatial settlement, and other characteristics of the foreign-born population in New York City and in the larger metropolitan region.[5]
  • http://www.muninetguide.com/index.php
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