Wikipedia:Articles for creation/2008-08-19

John H. Church

Brigadier General John H. Church was a U.S. Army officer who fought in World War I, World War II and in the Korean War.

Before Korea

John Church was born in the town of Glen Iron, Pennsylvania, on June 28, 1892. From 1915 until 1917, he was a student at New York University. When the United States entered the First World War, Church joined the army and was given the commissioned rank of second lieutenant. He fought valiantly and was wounded twice. After the war, Church decided to stay in the army. He instructed National Guard members and served in the Philippine Islands. When World War II broke out, Church, by then a brigadier general, became the assistant division commander of the 45th Infantry Division and later was given the same job in the 84th Infantry Division. He went back to the 45th in 1942 with the position of chief of staff. He helped lead the division from 1943-1944 in Sicily, southern Italy, Anzio, and Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France.

In September, 1944, he was sent back to the 84th Infantry Division to be the assistant commander. His division, along with several others, led the way to the Elbe River towards the end of the war. A year after the war ended, Brigadier General Church became the commander of the Infantry Replacement Training Center at Fort McClellan, Alabama. He was given the same post at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, where he was soon given command of the 5th Infantry Division. From 1948 until 1949 Church served as the Deputy Chief of Army Field Forces in Fort Monroe, Virginia. In 1950, Chuch was serving in General Douglas MacArthur's headquarters in Tokyo, Japan.

The Korean War

When the communist North Korean Army invaded South Korea, MacArthur sent Church to lead a survey team that decided that only American troops could stop the North Koreans. The 24th Infantry Division was sent over from Japan. A reinforced company of the division, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Brad Smith, was sent to Osan to try to halt the North Koreans. Church told Smith that all that was needed were American troops who didn't fear tanks. Task Force Smith was without tank support and had faulty communications. The first time it met in combat with the North Koreans it was promptly overrun. Major General William F. Dean gathered his troops in the city of Taejon and formed a strong defense. After a stubborn fight, the American troops retreated. Dean was captured. On July 22, Brigadier General Church was given command of the division.

The division was given a two-day period to rest, but then General Walton Walker, the commander of the U.S. Eighth Army, decided that he needed the 24th to guard his left flank. The North Korean 6th Division inflicted more losses on Church's men and gradually pushed the 24th back. Finally, Church was able to regroup his men, and they fought bravely, especially with the help of a Marine brigade, and eventually turning the tables on the Communist division that was fighting them. Church commanded the 24th Division until early 1951, when he became commandant of the Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia. On November 3, 1953, Brigadier General John Huston Church passed away in Washington, D.C.

Sources

Encyclopedia of the Korean War-Spencer Tucker, editor

The Coldest Winter-David Halberstam, author

Winley Records

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This request for creation has been reviewed. The reviewer comments appear below the article text. Paul Winley Records Inc. (more commonly credited as Winley Records) was a doo-wop label founded in 1956 that in 1979 became one of the earliest hip hop labels. It was situated on 125th Street, Harlem, New York City. Winley released doo-wop by The Paragons and The Jesters, and hip hop records by Paul Winley's daughters, Tanya and Paulette, produced by Winley's wife, Ann. The label can lay claim to a number of firsts: one of the earliest rock and roll compilations, one of the earliest breaks compilations, an early solo female rap artist and an early instance of social commentary in rap. Winley was also the first label to record one of hip hop's most important figures, Afrika Bambaataa. Paul Winley Paul Winley entered the music business through writing songs for his brother's Washington D.C. doo-wop group, The Clovers. Through them, he met Ahmet Ertegün, who—unusually for a label mogul—himself wrote for The Clovers subsequent to signing them. (Toop: 97) (Warner: 120) Winley moved to New York City to work with Ertegün's Atlantic Records, where he wrote for Ruth Brown and Big Joe Turner. He then became one of the songwriters working in and around the Brill Building in the 1950s, along with figures he met and knew there such as Otis Blackwell and Jesse Stone. Winley formed a songwriting partnership with Davey Clowney, better known as Dave "Baby" Cortez, and the two began recording doo-wop groups for the newly-founded Winley Records. (Toop: 96–98) Doo-wop Winley Records first recorded "Baby" Cortez, and then Little Anthony as part of The Duponts: "You" / "Must Be Falling in Love", (1955, technically predating the record company itself). (Toop: 98) (Warner: 239) Then came The Jesters, students at Cooper Junior High School in Harlem who graduated from singing under an elevated train station near 120th Street to the amateur night contest at the Apollo, where Paul Winley discovered them. The Jesters' b-sides often rivaled the lead cut. Their first three singles were all arranged by Clowney, and all three—"So Strange" / "Love No One But You", "Please Let Me Love You" / "I'm Falling in Love" (both 1957) and "The Plea" / "Oh Baby" (1958)—made the outer reaches of the national Pop chart, and generated considerable New York interest. Under a different line-up, The Jesters reached #110 on the Billboard chart in 1960 with a version of The Diablo's "The Wind" backed with "Sally Green". Two lesser singles followed: "That's How It Goes" / "Tutti Frutti" (1960) and "Uncle Henry's Basement" / "Come Let Me Show You How" (1961). (Warner: 230–231) A brother group to The Jesters, and "equally fine" (Warner: 269) were The Paragons—"real hoodlums, real zip-gun, street-warring hoodlums", Paul Winley recalled to David Toop in 1984, "but at the time I was young and crazy myself, so it didn't make any difference". (Toop: 98) For Winley, they recorded "Florence" backed with "Hey Little Schoolgirl" (1957), "Lets Start All Over Again" with "Stick With Me Baby" (1957), the ballad "Two Hearts Are Better than One" with "Give Me Love" (1957), "Twilight" plus "The Vows of Love" (1958), and "So You Will Know" / "Don't Cry Baby" (1958). Then came their backing of Tommy Collins on "Doll Baby" / "Darling I Love You" (1959), as The Paragons alone on the re-cap "So You Will Know" / "Doll Baby" (1960) and recording under the name Mack Starr and the Paragons for their last Winley release, "Just A Memory" / "Kneel and Pray" (1961). Of these, the records "Florence" and "Let's Start All Over Again" are doo-wop classics, and "Twilight" a "New York mini-classic". (Warner, 270) Jay Warner is of the opinion that the obscure "So You Will Know" is a finer record even than these. (Warner: 270) The Paragons Meet The Jesters (1959), with its street gang cover and vocal duels inspired by doo-wop's street corner singing battles and live show group competitions, was "one of the first rock and roll compilation LPs" (Warner: 231) and the most commercially successful doo wop compilation ever released. (Warner: 270) Hal Winley reformed The Clovers for Winley in 1961 and in that year recorded "Wrapped Up in A Dream" / "Let Me Hold You", "Be My Baby" / "They're Rockin' Down The Street" and "I Need You Now" / "Gotta Quit You" on the label. (Warner, 122–123) Other releases of this period include those of Charley White (of The Clovers), "Nobody's Fault But Mine" (1958), and Ann Fleming (Ann Winley), "Jive Time Baby" (1960). (Warner: 231) Relic Records have collected Winley doo-wop on The Best of Winley Records (RELIC 5019) with liner notes by Donn Fileti detailing their lo-fidelity, almost ad hoc independent approach creating a valuable and unique New York sound. Quoting Fileti, David Toop makes the point that these are comments that can equally apply to Winley's hip hop output. (Toop: 99) Hip hop Winley Records resurfaced in the 1970s with a series of releases which—like the street corner practices of doo-wop foreshadowing those of hip hop (see Toop: Ch. 2)—would in their different ways presage the advent of commercially recorded hip hop even as that movement blossomed in the Bronx and spread to the streets of Harlem. Winley released a series of speeches by Malcolm X, tied into a tradition of black oratory and to be sampled a decade later by Public Enemy and others. The label also recorded Harlem Underground Band (featuring a young George Benson), whose "Smokin' Cheeba Cheeba" (1976) would furnish a break for hip hop's burgeoning breakbeat culture. A "break" was a short percussive passage in a record which hip hop DJs would loop (using two copies, one for each turntable) in order for it to be rapped over and/or danced to. By the late 1970s, "b-boy" sections were appearing in some small New York record stores, catering to "b-boys", followers of this yet-to-be-named new subculture, who would buy 45s, 12"s or complete albums, old or new, of funk, rock or indeed any genre, as long as they were satisfied that each contained at least a few seconds worthy of being looped. (Toop: ix–x) Paul Winley's daughter Tanya was such a follower, a "rap fanatic" (Toop, 100); Paul began collecting songs containing popular breaks and compiling them on a series of records called Super Disco Brake's, beginning in 1979 and eventually running to six volumes. The first of these therefore was one of the earliest records released with hip hop culture in mind, and probably the first breakbeat record in history. (Shapiro: 384–385) Harlem Underground Band, augmented with the organ of the seemingly ever-present "Baby" Cortez, would function as the house band backing Winley's hip hop releases, hence having the same function, if not influence, as "Jiggs" Chase's band at Sugar Hill Records, or those of Pumpkin at Enjoy Records and elsewhere, i.e. solving the problem of how to translate the backing to raps heretofore provided live by DJs. In the case of the first of these Winley releases, "Rockin' and Rhymin'" by Tanya and Paulette Winley (1979), the backing was "straightforward r&b, without the percussive explosions that were hip-hop's raison d'etre" while the rapping was somewhat tentative. (Shapiro: 384) Tanya "Sweet Tee" Winley's "Vicious Rap" (1980) was a leap forward, with Tanya in confident flow and the band even replicating a break at points. Tanya Winley raps in the party spirit characteristic of early hip hop, but the lyrics nonetheless detail a case of false arrest, and prophecy that she will "scream and shout ... and tell the government what it's all about". Along with Kurtis Blow's punning "The Breaks" (Columbia, 1980) and the much more radical "How We Gonna Make The Black Nation Rise" by Brother D. (Clappers, 1980), "Vicious Rap" was among the first commercially recorded hip hop songs to feature social commentary rather than party rhymes. Such records would remain a rarity until the success of "The Message" by Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five on Sugar Hill two years later. (Chang: 179) The label's erstwhile claim that "Vicious Rap" was recorded in 1978, making it the first hip hop to make it to the recording studio, is sometimes repeated, but the apparent improvement in techique from 1979's "Rockin' and Rhymin'" makes this likely a piece of historical revisionism. A last single from the Winley daughters followed in 1982: "I Believe in the Wheel of Fortune". (Shapiro: 384) Afrika Bambaataa was, with Grandmaster Flash and DJ Kool Herc (originator of hip hop's breakbeat DJing style), one of the prime movers in the emergence of hip hop in the 1970s. By 1980, Flash was recording for Enjoy Records with his MC team, the Furious Five, while Herc's star had faded — he was working in a record shop in South Bronx. Bambaataa recorded "Zulu Nation Throwdown" (1980) for Winley with his MC crew named The Cosmic Force. He arranged and directed the percussion and rapping, but further live band accompaniment was added before release without his knowledge. (Hager, Village Voice, September 21 1982) According to Peter Shapiro, though the record is now "ancient-sounding" in hip hop terms, Winley's group here had moved to keep pace with Pumpkin at Enjoy and the Sugarhill band, with Lisa Lee of the Cosmic Force "absolutely destroying all the male MCs". (Shapiro: 384) Bambaataa was initially displeased with the record, but it found favor with the new wave crowds who were being presented with hip hop music, dance and graffiti at shows by Bambaataa and others in uptown New York at this time. Bambaataa returned to Winley for "Zulu Nation Throwdown 2" (1980) with Soul Sonic Force, but thoroughly dissatisfied with the label, he left for Tommy Boy Records, where he would record a single with a huge impact, "Planet Rock" (1982). (Hager, Village Voice, September 21 1982) Unruffled, Winley released Death Mix (1983) to cash in on the success of Planet Rock. Death Mix was a vinyl pressing of a third- or fourth- hand cassete tape copy of a bootleg recording of a Bambaataa Zulu Nation night at James Monroe High School in the Bronx in 1980. Death Mix features Bambaataa and Jazzy Jay using an eclectic mix of records—including "Computer Games" by Yellow Magic Orchestra, showing the sensibilities that would lead to the electro of "Planet Rock—, cutting up breaks for Zulu Nation MCs, and demonstrating early scratching techniques. (Lewis: 101) (Shapiro: 4) (Toop: 99) Despite its extremely poor sound quality, it is "the best commercially-available snapshot of hip-hop's earliest days". (Shapiro: 385) A new breed of acts appeared in the mid-1980s on labels like Def Jam, Profile and Cold Chillin', with a tougher image, musical style and lyrical delivery (see New school hip hop). This—what Shapiro calls "the Run-D.M.C. revolution"—signaled the end for labels like Enjoy, Sugar Hill and Winley. After releasing "Street Rock" by Rap Dynasty in 1984, the label folded, though two discs appeared in 2007 bearing the imprint's name and purporting to contain Bambaataa material from the 1970s. (Shapiro: 385) (Hsu, New York Times, September 15 2007) A collection of Winley hip hop, Death Mix: The Best of Paul Winley Records, was released on Landscape in 2001. References Chang, Jeff. (2005). Can't Stop Won't Stop A History of the Hip Hop Generation, New York: Picador. ISBN 978-0312425791 Hager, Steven. (1982). "Afrika Bambaataa's Hip-Hop", Village Voice, September 21. Reprinted in Cepeda, Raquel (ed.). ( 2004). And It Don't Stop! The Best American Hip-Hop Journalism of the Last 25 Years, New York: Faber and Faber, Inc. ISBN 978-0571211593 Hsu, Hua. (2007). "Sure, It Sounds Old School, but When Were They in Class?", New York Times, September 15. Link retrieved August 19 2008. Lewis, Miles Marshall. (2004). Scars of the Soul Are Why Kids Wear Bandages When They Don't Have Bruises, New York: Akashic. ISBN 978-1888451719 Shapiro, Peter. (2005). The Rough Guide To Hip Hop 2nd ed., London: Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1843532637 Toop, David. (2000). Rap Attack 3rd ed., London: Serpent's Tail. ISBN 978-1852426279 Warner, Jay. (2006). American Singing Groups: A History from 1940s to Today, Milwaukie: Hal Leonard Corp. ISBN 978-0634099786 86.44.29.177 (talk) 02:48, 19 August 2008 (UTC) Article created. Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! MSGJ (talk) 05:59, 19 August 2008 (UTC)
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Paul Winley Records

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Paul Winley

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Tanya Winley

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Antiappenines

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This request for creation has been reviewed. The reviewer comments appear below the article text. If you want to make changes and try again, copy and paste your article into a new submission and make your changes there. The Antiappenines refers to a wholly unknown object whose sole reference is on Wikipedia's article on the Appenines. At the bottom of the aforementioned article, there is a link entitled "Antiappenines" which links to Wikipedia's page dictating that such an article does not yet exist. Sources 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appenines 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic Declined. Thank you for your submission. It appears that your submission is an attempt to be humourous over being factual. As Wikipedia strives to contain only factual entries, we can not accept your submission at this time. Paragon12321 03:03, 19 August 2008 (UTC)
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Dutch Keiser

Major General Laurence "Dutch" Keiser (1895-1969) was an American general. He served in World War I, World War II and the Korean War.

Life until 1950

Laurence Bolton Keiser was born in Philidelphia, Pennsylvania, on June 1, 1895. He graduated from West Point along with J. Lawton Collins, Matthew B. Ridgway, and Mark W. Clark in 1917. He won the Silver Star for several courageous actions during the Romagne campaign in the First World War. He had a good peacetime career and he was a colonel when the U.S. went into World War II. He served as the chief of staff of a corps in the Italian campaign and was an army chief of staff in Texas. In January of 1944, Keiser was promoted to brigadier general. In 1950, Keiser was promoted to major general.

Korea and Beyond

In 1950, Keiser was given the command of the 2nd Infantry Division when the unit was ordered to join the IX Corps in South Korea. Keiser performed well during the battle for the Pusan Perimeter. His division repulsed a strong North Korean assault. The Second Division fought in the U.S. and U.N. victories in North Korea and Keiser eventually made his headquarters in a modern schoolhouse in Kunuri, North Korea.

In late November of 1950, a large Chinese force crossed over the Yalu River and launched a surprise attack on the U.N. forces. A strong task force of Chinese troops assaulted Kunuri. Colonel Paul L. Freeman led his 23rd Infantry Regiment north of the town in a delaying action, but some Chinese broke through and slipped up to the division headquarters during the night of November 29. The Americans were shocked. During the afternoon, a close friend of Keiser's, Major General Frank Milburn, the commander of I Corps, which was to the west of IX Corps, had made contact with Keiser. Milburn asked how things were going. "Bad," Keiser answered. "We're getting hit in my CP." "Well, come out my way," suggested Milburn. Keiser replied that Major General John Coulter, the IX Corps commander, had said that Keiser's men could only come out on the road to Sunchon. A day later, Keiser decided that his division should leave Kunuri.

The division commander himself left his command post in a jeep durign the afternoon. The entire convoy soon found out that the Chinese had blocked the road and annihilated a Turkish brigade coming to rescue the 2nd Division. Keiser's jeep became a target for Chinese snipers. The general's bodyguard was killed while firing his machine gun, and finally Keiser decided to get out and walk. As he made his way down the road, he accidentally stepped on a seriously wounded soldier. "You S.O.B.!" yelled the soldier. "My friend, I'm sorry," the stunned commander replied. Finally, the division arrived in Sunchon. From there, it moved on to Pyongyang. Keiser was summoned to Seoul, where he met with Lev Allen, the chief of staff of General Walton Walker's Eighth Army. There, he was relieved of his command and sent back to the States.

When Major General Keiser got back to the U.S., he was given command of the 5th Infantry Division. He retired from active duty in 1954. On October 20, 1969, Major General Laurence B. "Dutch" Keiser died in San Francisco, California.

Sources

Encyclopedia of the Korean War-Spencer Tucker, editor 1. "We're getting hit in my CP"-The Coldest Winter-David Halberstam, author 2. "My friend, I'm sorry"-The Coldest Winter-David Halberstam, author

Edward IX (King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from 2086-2100 and subsequently King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 2100-2109 and thereafter King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Ireland and Denmark from 2109-2144) was the son of James III and Queen Catherine. His reign was born from the debris and calamity of his fathers reign and was known by many as the ‘New age of Liberty’. The reign of Edward IX had obvious parallels to the reign of Albert the Liberator and many scholars compare the two monarch’s reigns and brand them in a good light. Similarly, both monarchs married commoners whose beauty and popularity touched the people and enhanced their husband’s reigns.

Early life

Prince Edward was born at 22:14PM at Windsor Castle, Berkshire on the 14th April 2054. He weighed 6 pounds and 8 oz and was the third Grandchild of the reigning King, Albert. As the male line Grandchild of the reigning sovereign Prince Edward was styled His Royal Highness The Prince Edward from birth. His Grandfather deemed the birth of his third Grandchild to have been a bad omen for the future namely because the Kings unlucky number was three. Many spiritualist theorists attribute the prophecy to have come true when the future Kings wife died in a horrendous car accident in 2088. However, most people attribute the accident to have been ironic bad luck. Prince Edward was christened on the 4th of May 2054 in the Royal Chapel at St James’s Palace. His Godparents were His Majesty King Gustav of Sweden, Her Majesty Queen Catherine of Sweden, The RT hon Sir Stanley Gainsborough and Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Buckingham. The birth of the second in line to the throne was a huge result and marked the continuity of the Winchester line of succession with national rejoicing and celebrations throughout the nation.

Earl of Wentworth

King Albert was much taken by his eldest but one Grandchild and sought a position in life for the young Prince that would prepare him for the role he would one day undertake. The King decided that in order to do so he would need to give the Prince a position of political importance in which to start him off with. As a result, the King consulted with his ministers and decided to grant the Prince the Earldom of Wentworth with the subsidiary title of Viscount Tunbridge. The title would bring with it certain governmental responsibilities when the Prince turned 18 and were specifically designed and supervised by the King. The responsibilities which the title brought with it were relatively simple. In short, the Prince was to share governmental responsibilities with the Mayor of Wentworth and act as a sort of Deputy Mayor. In the meantime however the Prince was enjoy the title and any privileges that came with that title given that he was only five when he was granted the title.

Education

As was customary with Royal children of the time, the Earl of Wentworth was educated at home with the aide of Governesses. He excelled in his studies and became fluent in English, German, French and Spanish. He was described as a wonderful pupil who was eager to learn and was interested in a great many subjects. Such subjects included Mathematics, Science, Geography and History. When the young Prince turned 12 for example, he was seen talking to Ambassadors in their native tongue about a great many subjects whom he was learning at that time. When the Earl turned 18, he was forced to adopt the governmental responsibilities which came with his title to the great disappointment of his teachers. Subsequently one his teachers petitioned the King to change his mind regarding these official duties until such time as the young Prince finished his studies. In her letter Mrs Paget wrote ‘the Earl being gifted in a great many subjects will be denied his right to a University education if your Majesty remains insistent upon granting the Prince the governmental responsibilities which accompany his title – this I believe would be a great loss to him and the nation in time’. In response to this letter the King postponed the governmental responsibilities attributed to the title until ‘further notice’. Mrs Paget was said to have been overjoyed but the Earl’s parents were furious. Nevertheless, Prince Edward attended Oxford University and studied German and French as a joint honors thus following in his Grandfathers footsteps.

Oxford University

At first, the Earl of Wentowrth entered Oxford University under the pseudonym Edward Wentworth and for a time remained anonymous. Media attention however exposed the Prince as a member of the royal family which was something that many of his fellow students had suspected anyway. The King was furious and ordered the press to stay away. During his time at Oxford University, the Earl of Wentworth met and fell in love with Alexandra Gillingham. Alexandra was a beautiful yet shy individual who charmed all those she met including the Earl. They shared the same interests such as riding and the arts and before long photographers were back taking photographs of the young couple. It is fair to state that while this was going on, King Albert was unaware and did not even know that Alexandra even existed. In any event the relationship was put on hold when the King died.

Heir to the throne

On December 9th 2066, the Queen sent an urgent letter to the Prince and Princess of Wales and ordered them to attend on the King at Buckingham Palace immediately. On their arrival the true extent of the Kings health emerged. It is believed that the King was suffering from a heart complaint and had already auffered a heart attack earlier that day. The Queen of Sweden was sent for and the Prince and Princess of Wales waited by his side. The Queen who was holding the Kings hand until the last moment remained a constant companion and spoke to him gently until he died. On the King’s death in the early hours of December 10th 2066 the Prince and Princess of Wales automatically became King and Queen and the Earl of Wentworth became Prince of Wales as a result without having secured the governmental responsibilities which his Grandfather had hoped that he would exercise before the real responsibilities that came with the title Prince of Wales. On the Kings death, the Queen of Sweden finally arrived minutes after the Kings death. She was devastated at being just a few minutes late and sat with him stroking his hand and talking to the late King about past times. The Queen Mother (as the Queen was now known) was said to have gone into a sort of delirium and wandered the Palace alone and unguarded apparently without anyone noticing. It is said that while all the pomp and ceremony of all those hailing the new King went ahead, the Prince of Wales (with his gentle nature) searched for high and low for his Grandfather and found her in the gardens talking to a star as if it were the late King. The Prince reassured his Grandmother that everything was going to be alright and effectively talked her around.

First marriage and accession

Following the Kings coronation, the Prince of Wales went back to University and caught up with some important work. There, he continued his relationship with Miss Gillingham and she helped him overcome the death of his Grandfather which affected him greatly. It is said that he told Miss Gillingham that he intended to ‘follow in the footsteps of my Grandfather’ (a promise he carried out). On obtaining a 2:1 at Oxford University, the Prince of Wales finally proposed to Miss Gillingham and she accepted. A popular story is that before the Prince of Wales took his young fiancé to seek approval from the Queen Mother, she was vehemently opposed to the idea of his marriage to the young girl. Even during the meeting it is believed that Queen Margaret was hostile to the young girl and questioned her endlessly about her motives for wanting to marry her Grandson to the point that Miss Gillingham burst into tears. At the end of the meeting however, the Queen Mother was simply charmed by the young girl and finally gave her blessing. On May 14th 2076, the Prince of Wales married Miss Gillingham at Westminster Abbey to the jubilation of the people. On her marriage, Miss Gillingham became Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales.

On April 4th 2084 Queen Catherine died. James III had relied heavily upon the constant companionship of the Queen and ultimately alienated many prominent members of the court. Under his wife’s direction the King had dismissed King Albert’s entire council who included some of the finest, most intelligent and popular ministers. Furthermore he had alienated his mother, the popular Queen Margaret. In certain aspects he had also alienated the Prince and Princess of Wales who despite everything remained loyal to the King. As a result, the Queen Mother, the Prince and Princess of Wales and numerous others established their own prominent circle and in certain respects the people looked up to them rather than the King and Queen with the most respect. It is further understood that had Queen Margaret not been alive during the reign of her son, the people would have probably agreed to the overthrow of the British Monarchy as a whole. The Queen Mother and the Princess of Wales were known to have been good friends (but had been in any case and not because they had been shunned by the King and Queen). It is also known that the Queen disliked the Princess of Wales in many respects because she was friends with the Queen Mother. Now that the Queen was dead the King found himself completely alone and relied on the advice of his incompetent and some would say evil advisors whose only interest was to further their own political ambitions. On October 5th 2086, the King himself also died in the presence of the Queen Mother who would later claim that they had reconciled at the very end due to his request that she should be there with him at the end. The Prince of Wales subsequently succeeded his father as King following his death from heart failure and was now styled HM The King.

King

Edward IX’s first act as King was to reverse many of his father policies. His first objective was the complete abolition of the death penalty which article 251 of the Liberation Act allowed. Secondly, he decided to officially end the ban on the Windsor’s and slowly allow them to integrate back into British society and hold the freedom that every other British citizen secured including holding high offices and offices of state if they chose to run for election. These acts made the King extremely popular in the early years of his reign and he was even in negations with the Irish to allow for the complete return of Northern Ireland to the Republic of Ireland. These negotiations continued for sometime and eventually it was agreed that Ireland would reunite but only if the King would consent to accepting the crown of a reunified Ireland. The King would later agree. King Edward also called for the complete dismissal of the late Kings Privy council and called for former councilors who had been in service to King Albert to retake their positions. Unfortunately for the King most of them were now dead but those who were still alive were very happy to do so. Those who were dead were succeeded by their heirs but only if they were considered competent to do so. These ministers included King Albert’s best friend and confidante Henry Howard, Duke of Suffolk and Francis Surrey, Earl of Derby.

Following their coronation, the new King and Queen proved to be highly successful and popular monarchs and many people described the new reign as ‘the New Age of Liberty’. The King was certainly following in his Grandfathers footsteps and some would even call this period as ‘the revival of the Golden Age’. Many of the laws that were passed during this period were passed with relative ease and approval. However it was also during this time that the King of Denmark began making elaborate speeches in defense of his cast off relatives the Windsor’s who were by now taking their seats as local constituents or MP’s who were forced to declare an oath of allegiance to the man who they considered to be the usurper of their crown. The King responded to this by saying ‘they have the freedom as any other citizen of my realm, if they do not wish to comply with the authority of this realm then they are free to leave’. The King of Denmark was outranged and sent an Ambassador to protest at this outburst. The King ignored the Ambassador and would not even agree to receiving him.

Tragedy

On May 20th 2088 Queen Alexandra was undertaking an official engagement in the London borough of Hammersmith and Fulham when her car overturned in the street killing the driver and the front passengers immediately. It is highly probably that the Queens security guard was still alive in the car and that the Queen attempted to keep him alive by holding his hand and talking to him despite the fact that she herself was in severe pain. The security guard subsequently died and at one point the Queen slipped into a coma suffered severe lashings, bruising and a broken leg. The emergency services attempted to rescue the Queen as quickly as possible and once freed from the wreckage of the car, she was taken to the Hammersmith Central Hospital where she had been undertaking an official engagements just hours before. The car crash sparked international headlines and there were numerous updates in which were outlined details of the Queen’s slow demise. After suffering two heart attacks and a stroke and following intense surgery where even a heart massage operation was given, the Queen died. She was just 36.

The death of Queen Alexandra prompted an overwhelming public outcry of grief and the subsequent funeral was watched by billions of people worldwide who loved and respected the Queen. Queen Alexandra’s coffin was taken in a major procession to Westminster Abbey and during the short progress down the Abbey in which the coffin was taken to the high Alter, Queen Margaret burst into tears. It was the first and the last time that Queen Margaret ever showed emotion in public. The people watched and the silence was recorded by the Finnish Ambassador who recorded later that ‘one could not even hear a pin drop’ (referring to the two minute silence in the Queen’s memory’). Family unity was about to be dealt a severe blow once again on June 15th 2090 when Queen Margaret herself died. Following Queen Margaret’s death, her lifelong best friend and confidante the Duchess of Marlborough resigned following a service that had lasted over eighty years. The two women who had been the King’s substitute maternal (Queen Margaret) and Grandmother (The Duchess) were both gone. The King never really had time to speak to the Duchess after that and she moved to Kensal Green where she died just five years later. The King now relied heavily upon the companionship of his sister Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth who undertook a great deal of responsibilities. The Royal family were now at risk of dying out and the family now consisted of just two people the King and the Princess. The King was urged to remarry but would have none of it. It was decided that the Princess Elizabeth now had a duty to marry herself and have issue. On the 27th Of January 2091, Princess Elizabeth married the Duke of Gloucester and had two children who were both granted the right to be styled Prince/ss with the style Royal Highness by order of the King. The first to be born was Prince Henry of Gloucester (2092) and Princess Alice of Gloucester (2094). By the time Princess Alice was born in 2094. the King was making international headlines due to his apparently secret relationship with a widow, Mrs Elizabeth Anderson.

Second Marriage

On July 24th 2095, King Albert married Elizabeth Anderson in a private ceremony at Windsor Castle. Mrs Anderson now assumed the style and title of her predecessor Queen Alexandra and became HM The Queen or Queen Elizabeth. Following the whirlwind romance and unexpected marriage of the King to the Queen, many people suspected that the King had married her for alternative reasons namely to produce an heir. The Duchess of Buckingham (King Albert’s sister) was extremely outspoken on this issue and in one newspaper even branded the Queen an ‘airhead’ to the dismay of the King who banished her from court until she apologized to the Queen. The Duchess never apologized and retired to her home in Buckinghamshire where she died the following year. The Dowager Duchess of Marlborough was also against the marriage but was not so outspoken about it. In one interview she said ‘the Queen is delightful but is in my opinion ignorant of the King’s motives’. On August 11th 2096, Queen Elizabeth gave birth to a girl. As the daughter of the reigning sovereign, the child was entitled to the title of Princess with the style Royal Highness and to the shock and horror of the nation and indeed to the Queen herself the King insisted on the name Alexandra. It was during this time that the public came to realize that the King and Queen’s marriage was a sham and that now that the King had secured an heir, he had no need to keep the companionship of the Queen. It came to light that all the King’s Royal homes had served as a permanent shrine to the late Queen, even during the King’s subsequent marriage even though the Queen had protested most vehemently.

Divorce

In 2096, a huge altercation erupted between the King and Queen. In an attempt to change decoration that Queen Alexandra had personally supervised (against the King’s express command) the Queen was confronted by the King who insisted that the matter should not be raised again. In anger and defiance, the Queen went ahead with the plans and changed the entire decoration in all the Royal homes and personally supervised and took an active role in the refurbishments in the Queen’s apartments at Windsor Castle. The King was outraged and effectively banished the Queen and Princess Alexandra from court and arranged for them to reside at Balmoral. In 2097 the King and Queen announced their intention to separate and were subsequently divorced two years later. On the day the divorce became absolute, Queen Elizabeth seized to be Queen with immediate effect and lost the style Majesty. To compensate the King conferred upon her the Dukedom of Cambridge and was subsequently known as Her Grace the Duchess of Cambridge as part of the divorce settlement the King granted her Balmoral Castle in Scotland and Sandringham House in Norfolk (homes which he personally disliked). The Duchess was not granted any Parliamentary annuity which came with her new status and she subsequently sold Sandringham House to be pay for the upkeep of Balmoral Castle. Princess Alexandra however was receiving money from the civil list in any case due to her position as heiress presumptive to the throne. Once the divorce was finalized relations between the King and his daughter improved and the King would visit her only annually whilst on state visits to Scotland where he would receive the Princess at his own home at the Palace of Holyrood House in Edinburgh. He never again visited the Duchess at Balmoral and relations between them never improved.

The Danish crisis

Relations between Great Britain and Denmark deteriorated once the King had secured the crown of a reunified Ireland in 2100. The King of Denmark in defense of his British cousins the Windsor’s began making impertinent propaganda calling for a revolution in Britain and the reinstating of the Windsor’s. Naturally the King was furious and sent for the Ambassador to Copenhagen who was sent back to Denmark with a message that read ‘should you persist in your slander to my person, I will take action on you’. It was a strongly worded letter but provoked no response. The King of Denmark continued regardless and for a number of years the King’s impertinence was able to be ignored as it extended only to idle gossip, chit chat and the odd anti-Winchester pamphlet here and there. In the spring of 2108, King Edward was dealt a huge provocation. The King of Denmark whilst in communication with one of his Windsor cousins had ordered that all senior members and other members of the Windsor family who were loyal supports to the Windsor’s themselves should come to Copenhagen and form anti-Winchester meeting at the Royal Palace in Copenhagen. The meeting was initially secret and the King of Denmark had his reasons for wanting the removal of the Winchester and was not just anti-Winchesters. Anglo-Danish alliances had been so bad for nearly 100 years and the the King had seen Denmark’s position on the world political stage deteriorate. In fact Denmark had no position on the world political stage and was kept out of major international conferences and excluded from alliances with the United States and the Russian Federation merely on account of the King’s relationship to his the Windsor’s and of course his outbursts regarding the Winchesters. News of the meeting between the Windsor’s and the King of Denmark leaked out and King Edward was outraged. The King sent an ultimatum to the King of Denmark demanding the following: An immediate apology for your actions not only to myself but to Parliament, an official revocation of your intention to assist the Windsor’s, the dismissal of the Windsor’s from Denmark,Some hint that you intend on strengthening and Anglo-Danish alliance. Unfortunately, the King of Denmark refused the ultimatum and consequently the King declared war on Denmark.

The Anglo-Danish war

On November 20th 2108, Britain invaded Denmark. Initially the fighting continued for many weeks but following the intervention of President Jackson in providing more men and ammunition to the British, the Danish were finally occupied. The King paid the United States reparations for their assistance in the war and completely occupied Denmark. The King’s first action was to demand the complete removal of the King of Denmark and followed in his Grandfathers footsteps by personally confronted the King of Denmark and demand that he abdicate the throne on the spot. The King did so with relative ease and was immediately arrested and tried. Years later, the former King would leave prison and go into exile in Austria. Once hostilities had seize Denmark’s relations with Britain began to improve and it wasn’t long before the Danish Parliament were petitioning the British Parliament for a restoration of the monarchy und King Edward IX. On December 22nd 22108, King Edward was offered the crown of the Kingdom of Denmark and he immediately accepted. On New Years day 2109, Kind Edward IX succeeded to the Danish throne as Kind Edward I of Denmark. The occasion was marked with national rejoicing and major celebrations.

Later life

Despite having succeeded to the Danish throne, King Edward did not tend to travel to Denmark very much. He continued in his endeavour to strengthen the German alliance and recent events had posed a threat to the German nation in that they were weary of the attack particularly by the Americans on their Northern border. The King reassured them that the war was by no means an attempt to threaten them and he paid a state visit to President Hauptman in Berlin assuring him of Britains continued alliance with Germany and their determination to support Germany as much as they could. The meeting in Berlin was a huge success and the German kept in constant communication with the King strengthening the alliance between the two countries. In fact the King and President Hauptman became close friends and corresponded with one another on matters other than state business. Indeed the pair would engage in recreational activities once cabinet meetings had been dealt with. The latter part of the Kings reign predominantely saw the King strengthening alliances with other countries and in so doing Britain became more respected with each alliance strengthened. It could be argued that Europe was brought together in unity and many countries felt a strong link with Britain. The King also concerned himself with important matters at home such as immigration, homelessness and opened sanctuaries for the poor and stightened security measures on immigration. In later life the King’s popularity reached it highest point. Like his Grandfather before him the King gave an elaborate speech which looked back over his reign, expressed his life for his people, his love of God, the Church and of course for the love he shared with Queen Alexandra and what she gave to the country through her short time as Princess of Wales and subsequently Queen. It is a speech that echoed ‘the Golden speech of England’ of his Grandfather and in retrospect was the last footstep of his Grandfather’s to follow.

Death

On February 2nd 2144, King Edward died peacefully in his sleep at Windsor Castle aged 90. His reign had spanned 58 years and ended just short of his diamond jubilee. His reigned had spanned a time of great change and his foreign and domestic policies strengthened Britain’s position on the world political stage. His domestic policies earned him a reputation as being a wonderful leader, as did his leadership during wartime. King Albert’s death sparked an overwhelming outpouring of grief. The King’s funeral was attended by various Heads of State and to the surprise of many the former Queen Elizabeth, Duchess of Cambridge was among the guests. The King’s coffin was taken in a solemn procession to Westminster Abbey where he was finally laid to rest. The King was succeeded by his only child who became Queen Alexandra.

New redirect request

Title of new redirect: 9x17mm

Target of redirect: .380 ACP

Reason: Metric name of the cartridge

Source (if applicable): listed as such on target page

68.0.144.113 (talk) 04:29, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

Sgt. Major Mark Fisher

Sgt. Major Mark Fisher (July 16, 1952–August 16, 2008) was an retired United States Army Special Forces soldier, and JROTC instructor.

Mark was born in Quincy, July 16, 1952, a son of the late Francis and Claire (Griffin) Fisher and grew up in Braintree. He was a graduate of Braintree High School.

He entered the United States Army in 1972 and was a member of the elite 10th Special Forces Group. He proudly wore the Green Beret for most of his twenty three year military career.

SGM Fisher was a graduate of the Sergeant Major Academy in El Paso, Texas, and is a veteran of Operation Desert Storm. For the past 15 years he was employed as the Junior ROTC Instructor at Methuen High School.

He was a member and former treasurer of the 10th Special Forces Association. SGM Fisher was an avid sports fan and never missed a Red Sox or New England Patriots Game. Sundays at the Fisher residence were known as “Patriot Pizza Days” as Mark was famous for making his homemade pizza.

In addition to sports, Mark had a variety of interests including fishing, camping and riding his Harley Davidson motorcycle. He loved music and had a special appreciation for the Beatles and classic rock.

SGM Fisher is survived by his son, Brian M. Fisher of Hudson, his daughter, Andrea M. Fisher of Worcester, his former wife, Imelda (Niro) Fisher of Leominster. He also leaves his beloved cat, Toni-Girl.

Gregg Groothuis/Jack Bull (wrestler)

Gregg Groothuis
Born	(1970-05-01) May 1, 1970 Phoenix, Arizona, United States
Website	Template:Myspace
Professional wrestling career
Ring name(s)	Jack Bull Russian 54 New Jersey Power Warrior Generic Bay Bland
Billed height	6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)
Billed weight	280 lb (130 kg)
Trained by	Ricky Reyes Rocky Romero Christopher Daniels Tom Howard Steve Islas Al Snow
Debut	February 2000

Gregg Groothuis (b. May 1, 1970) is an American professional wrestler, known by his stage name Jack Bull, who competed in North American independent promotions including Impact Zone Wrestling, the National Wrestling Alliance and Ultimate Pro Wrestling as well as Japanese promotions HUSTLE, New Japan Pro Wrestling and Pro Wrestling ZERO1.

In March 2005, Groothuis signed a developmental contract with World Wrestling Entertainment. He was initially assigned to Deep South Wrestling and then to Ohio Valley Wrestling at the end of the year. During his time in Ohio Valley Wrestling, he was involved in feuds with Roadkill and Joey Mercury.

Early life and career

Born in Phoenix, Arizona, Gregg Groothuis moved to Venice, Florida where he spent most of his childhood. He began watching Championship Wrestling from Florida as early as 7 years old and was Sting, Dusty Rhodes and The Road Warriors (Hawk & Animal). His ring name was inspired by an interview by Dusty Rhodes in which he described looking into a ring full of bulls "..the head bull was the Jack Bull; the one who stood out from the others".

He excelled at sports during his teenage years, especially baseball, track and football, as well as weightlifting. Playing as a tight end, his high school football team became all-state champions. Graduating on the honor roll, he earned a full athletic scholarship to Marshall College in Huntington, West Virginia and graduated with a B.A. and a Masters in organizational training and development. He also played college football as a center.

He had met Marc Mero while working out at a local Venice gym. A former wrestler for World Championship Wrestling, Mero had been involved in running independent shows in Florida at the time and had offered to help him break into professional wrestling. However, already accepted to Marshall College, he instead declined the offer and instead chose to go to school.

While attending grad school, Groothuis was working part-time as a bouncer for a local bar. The particular bar that he worked at occasionally hosted wrestling events and, at one of these, he was asked to be a last minute replacement for a local wrestler that was unable to show up. He was offered training by the promoter, however he was in the middle of studying for his comps and final exams and turned the offer down. He began training in martial arts soon after this however, being taught by a prominent jiu jitsu master in the Huntington-area, and considered taking part in the UFC but decided against it.

Finally receiving his post-graduate degree, Groothuis moved to Phoenix to help his mother and aunt with expanding their business. By this time, he decided to began training at a wrestling school. He was originally going to train at Shawn Michaels' Texas Wrestling Acadamy in San Antonio, Texas, but instead chose to study at Bill Anderson's School of Hard Knocks school in San Bernadino, California after meeting Superstar Billy Graham.

He spent three weeks training under Ricky Reyes and Rocky Romero with several other students including Pinoy Boy before making his debut in Ultimate Pro Wrestling. Through Ricky Reyes, Groothuis appeared at the promotion's Saturday light shows then held at the LA Boxing Club in Huntington Beach. Among his early opponents included Horshu, John Cena, John Heydenreich and Nathan Jones. He also had a memorable match with future Ultimate Pro and Pro Wrestling ZERO1 star Skulu training with him for over a month before meeting in the ring. UPW "Reunion": Season's Beatings, a dvd released by the promotion which featured a Four Corner match between himself, Ruckus, Bison and Horshu.

As well as wresting in various Southwestern independent promotions, he also toured Japan with Pro Wrestling ZERO1, HUSTLE and New Japan Pro Wrestling. He also had a brief stint in IWA Puerto Rico as well as appearances in dark matches on WWE Velocity.

Impact Zone Wrestling

Moving back to Phoenix in 2002, Groothuis began training at Navajo Warrior's wrestling school. Later becoming an instructor there, he also began wrestling regularly for his Phoenix-based promotion Impact Zone Wrestling and eventually won the heavyweight title.

On February 5, 2003, Groothuis substituted for one of the IZW Tag Team Champions during a title defense against the Killer Klowns at the Rodeo Nights in Phoenix. Midway through the match however, Groothuis walked out on his partner allowing the Killer Klowns to win the tag team titles.

His feud with Chris Kole was finally reached its conclusion when he defeated him in a Loser Leaves Town match on August 17, 2004. In October, he beat Kharma and teamed with Hollywood Yates at an Ultimate Pro Wrestling losing to Rikishi & Skulu at the end of the month. Feuding with Lawrence Tyler during the next few weeks, he lost to Tyler on November 9 but came back to defeat him in a 2/3 falls match to retain the IZW Heavyweight title on November 23.

Defeating Nick DeCarlo on January 4, 2005, he suffered a disqualification loss to Bryan Danielson that same month. On February 1, he beat Cowboy Jack Durango and, two weeks later, teamed with Navajo Warrior & Hawaiian Lion in a 6-man tag team match defeating Lawrence Tyler, Jack Durango & Train on February 15. On March 1, he lost a match against Train for the IZW Heavyweight title. The following day, he signed a developmental contract with World Wrestling Entertainment. Other IZW mainstays such as Derrick Neikirk, Antonio Mestre and Lawrence Tyler were also signed to WWE contracts.

On March 15, he defeated The Lynch Mob (Ryan Lynch & Lucha Reigns) in a Handicap match and, the next night, he made his last appearance with Impact Zone Wrestling losing to The Honky Tonk Man being pinned after the Shake, Rattle and Roll.

Deep South Wrestling

Groothuis was assigned to its developmental territory Deep South Wrestling and, on September 1, he appeared on the promotion's debut show defeating "Irish" Ryan O'Reilly. Angel Williams was his valet during their match, however she did not appear with Bull in later matches.

Several days later, he and Ryan "Silverback" Reeves lost to The Regulators and, on September 15, he lost to Freakin Deacon. He soon began picking up a string of victories during the next weeks with victories over Eric Alexander, Vik Delicious and, accompanied by Daisy Mae, Ryan O'Reilly. On October 20, he wrestled two matches in one night defeating Palmer Cannon and Freakin Deacon by disqualification. In less then 30 seconds into the match, Freakin Deacon attacked Groothuis causing Cannon's disqualification. Both Freakin Deacon and Cannon continued attacking Groothuis, including whipping him into the ring steps, until Nick Patrick arrived to break it up. When Groothuis faced Freakin Deacon later that night, his head was bandaged. During the match, Freakin Deacon was disqualified after assaulting the referee however he continued to further injure Groothuis until Mac Johnson and High Impact (Tony Santorelli & Mike Taylor) ran into the ring on his behalf. This was his last DSW appearance before being assigned to Ohio Valley Wrestling in December.

Ohio Valley Wrestling

In his OVW debut, Groothuis lost to CM Punk on December 3 and, a week later, he and Kasey James lost to The Riggs Brothers at a house show. Four days later, he appeared on a dark match losing to Deuce Shade. On January 21, 2006, a match between he and Roadkill ended in a double disqualification. Although defeating him the following night, Groothuis would lose matches to Chet The Jet, Elijah Burke and Roadkill during the next two months.

On March 11, Groothuis defeated Pat Buck, Discord, Bad News, Luis Almodovar and Mikey Batts in a six-way match. Following this victory, he became a heel with an evangelist in-ring persona and sang "Amazing Grace" before matches. He would lose matches to Chet The Jet and, in a tag team match, he and Vic Devine lost to Ryan Reeves & Mikey Batts three days later. He also lost to The Miz on March 26.

On April 15, under the name Generic Bay Bland, he lost to Jason Riggs and, almost a week later, he and Pat Buck lost The Riggs Brothers. On May 3, he lost a no disqualification match to OVW Television Champion Seth Skyfire. During the match, The Miz and his former valet Ronnie began taunting Skyfire. Skyfire then left then ring and began fighting with The Miz outside the ring. The referee began counting out Skyfire, but was stopped by Groothuis who challenged him to a no disqualification match. Returning to the ring, Skyfire agreed and called for the bell then pinned him with a rollup seconds later.

Although losing to Cody Rhodes & Elijah Burke on June 3, he won a battle royal to become the number one contender to the OVW Heavyweight Championship two days later. He and Deuce N' Domino also defeated Mikey Batts, Cody Runnels & Elijah Burke in a 6-man tag team match on June 8. During the next two days, he and Elijah Burke traded matches. At the July 16th OVW Six Flags show, he teamed with Rahim, Pat Buck and Deuce N' Domino in a 10-man match losing to Roadkill, KC James, Cody Runnels and Mo & Chet the Jet at Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom. He and Pat Buck lost to Roadkill & Kasey James on June 17 and, four days later, he lost to Seth Skyfire in a rematch for the OVW Television title. At OVW Six Flags on June 30, he faced The Highlanders (Rory & Robbie McAllistair).

In early-July, Groothuis began a storyline involving his kayfabe alcoholism. On July 7, he missed his scheduled match and later showed up at the event intoxicated and with ODB. Winning a Gauntlet match to earn a title shot for the OVW Heavyweight title on June 15, he defeated Lennox Lightfoot in a dark match that same week. On July 21, he passed out in the corner during a match. The following night, he teamed with Cody Runnels & Discord to beat Rod Steele, John Bolen & Andy Vein. On July 27, he also teamed with Runnels & Shawn Osborne to defeat Aaron Stevens, Kasey James & Mike Mondo. The next night at OVW Six Flags show, he won a Rumble match.

On August 2, he defeated Johnny Punch in a dark match. Later that week teamed with Cody Runnels & Shawn Spears to beat Vic DeVine, John Bolen & Steele and, at OVW Six Flags show, won a battle royal. Among the participants included John Bolen, Pat Buck, Elijah Burke, Eddie Craven III, Mike Cruel, Shad Gaspard, Lennox Lightfoot, Los Locos, Ranger Milton, Neighborhoodie, Shawn Osborne, Johnny Punch, Seth Skyfire, Rod Steele and The Untouchables. Losing to CM Punk on August 16, he defeated Vic D.Vine in several matches later that month. On September 9, he defeated Shawn Osborne and, during the next few weeks, he began appearing with Sosay as his valet. The following month, he again defeated Vic D.Vine and The Bear, Raul of Los Locos dressed in a bear suit. He also defeated TJ Dalton by countout on November 1.

During the fall, Groothuis began feuding with Joey Mercury. Losing to Mercury on November 5, he challenged Mercury to a drinking contest which he won. He also beat him via disqualification in a mixed tag team match teaming with Katie Lee against Mercury & Beth Phoenix. On November 29, Groothuis attempted an escape artist stunt involving heavy chains. During the stunt, Mercury came out attacking his valet Sosay and then hit Groothuis with a chair.

Mercury again attacked Groothuis after he had defeated Aaron Stevens at a OVW television taping several days later. However, he and Steve Lewington defeated Idol Stevens & Joey Mercury on December 9 and, with CM Punk, beat them in a rematch at an OVW television taping. On December 20, also defeated Joey Mercury in a Grudge match.

On January 3, 2007, he defeated The Orignal Sinn in a dark match and Daniel Rodimer three days later. On January 10, Groothuis appeared with Sosay to perform a "Feat of Strength" with help from Justin "The Ox" LaRoche & Charles "The Hammer" Evans. LaRoche and Evans turned on Groothuis however and continued attacking him until Idol Stevens intervened and ran them off.

On January 17, he and Atlas Debone (with Sosay) lost to Charles Evans & Justin LaRoche at a OVW television taping. Three days later, Groothuis was one of many wrestlers including Seth Skyfire, Thomas Farra, Tracy Taylor, Mike Taylor and Tony Salantri who were released from developmental contracts as part of a general cost-saving measure.

Recent years

Returning to the independent circuit, Groothuis lost to Tank Toland at a Hoosier Pro Wrestling event in Columbus, Indiana on March 3. A month later, he made a surprise appearance at an IZW show interfering in a match against "Hawaiian Lion" John Williams and Jon VonCross. As a result, Williams won via disqualification. Siding with VonCross in his ongoing feud with Williams, Groothuis was in his corner when he faced Williams for the IZW Heavyweight title on May 8.

On May 22, Groothuis defeated Mike G. in Tempe, Arizona. He also made a brief return to OVW appearing at a OVW television taping on June 13 and, two days later, defeating Nickolas Sinn at OVW Six Flags. On July 2, Groothuis took on Williams himself but failed to unseat the champion.

On January 2, 2008, Groothuis was scheduled to perform a stunt during an interpromotional supercard between IZW and NWA Arizona, the latter promotion closing and merging with IZW. Held at the Broadway Recreation Center in Mesa, Arizona, he was stopped by IZW Board of Director's representative Strangler Steve King and then attacked by "The Limited Edition" Tommy Drake. Feuding with Tommy Drake during the next weeks, he defeated Drake on January 29, 2008. He and Lil' Nate also defeated Drake & Sexy Sonny Samson in a tag team match on February 12. On July 1, at an interpromotional event between IZW and NWA Pro, he pinned Dean Radford at The Sets in Tempe, Arizona. He also appeared in the corner of "Wolf" Hollywood Yates in his match against The Great Ryan Lynch, accompanied by Steve King, on July 17. On August 12, he and Steve King defeated Tyson Tyler & Tommy Drake.

In wrestling

• Finishing and signature moves
  • Bullseye Powerbomb (Elevated powerbomb)
  • Bullseye Shot (Snap DDT)

Championships and accomplishments

• Impact Zone Wrestling

• IZW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
• IZW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Chris Kole

• Pro Wrestling Illustrated

• PWI ranked him # 384 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI 500 in 2006.

External links

• Profile at Online World of Wrestling
• Accelerator's Wrestling Rollercoaster: Jack Bull
• CageMatch.de - Jack Bull

  
  

  71.184.57.109 (talk) 06:24, 19 August 2008 (UTC)