Jump to content

Purple: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Steele09 (talk | contribs)
43 edits
No edit summary
Jonterry4 (talk | contribs)
465 edits
Revert to 08:36, 29 September 2008. Somehow the current article is about the color blue
Line 1: Line 1:
{{otheruses1|the colour}}
{{Otheruses1|the color}}
{{Infobox colour|title=Jose Perez
{{Infobox color
| textcolor=white
|pic=Image:Color icon blue.svg
| title=Purple
|wavelength=440–490
| pic=Image:Color icon purple.svg
|symbolism=[[ice]], [[water]], [[sky]], [[sadness]], [[winter]], [[Judaism]], [[boys]], [[cold]], [[calm]] and [[heaven]]
| symbolism=[[Royal family|royalty]], [[imperialism]], [[funk music|funk]], [[nobility]], and [[upper class]]
|hex=0000FF|textcolor=white|
| hex=800080
spelling=Colour|
r=0|g=0|b=255|rgbspace=[[sRGB color space|sRGB]]|
| r=128|g=0 |b=128|rgbspace=[[sRGB color space|sRGB]]|
h=240|s=100|v=100|hsv=[[HSV]]|
c= 66|m= 87|y= 0|k= 0|
h=300|s= 67|v= 44
source=[[Web colors#HTML color names|HTML/CSS]]<ref name="css3-color">[http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4 W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, HTML4 color keywords]</ref>
|source=[[Web colors#HTML color names|HTML/CSS]]<ref name = "css3-color"/>
<!--c=100|m=100|y=0|k=0|
h=240|s=100|v=100|-->
}}
}}

'''Blue''' is a [[colour]]<!-- NOTE: Not "color": this article is in British English, and should stay that way, per [[WP:ENGVAR]] -->, the [[perception]] of which is evoked by [[light]] having a spectrum dominated by energy with a [[wavelength]] of roughly 440–490 [[Nanometre|nm]]. It is considered one of the [[additive color|additive]] [[primary color|primary colours]]. On the [[HSL and HSV|HSV Colour Wheel]], the [[Complementary color|complement]] of blue is [[yellow]]; that is, a colour corresponding to an equal mixture of [[red]] and [[green]] light. On a colour wheel based on traditional colour theory ([[RYB color model|RYB]]), the complementary colour to blue is considered to be [[orange (colour)|orange]] (based on the [[Munsell color system|Munsell colour wheel]]).<ref>[http://www.sanford-artedventures.com/study/g_color_wheel.html Glossary Term: Color wheel]</ref>
[[Image:Purple plasma ball.jpg|thumb|A purple [[plasma ball]].]]
The [[English language]] commonly uses "blue" to refer to any colour from [[navy blue]] to [[cyan]]. The word itself is derived from the [[Old French]] word ''bleu''.

'''Purple''' is a general term for the range of shades of [[color]] occurring between [[red]] and [[blue]].<ref> Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief ''Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary'' Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.:1984--Merriam-Webster Page 957</ref> It is formed (in both subtractive pigment and additive light combinations) by mixing the [[primary color]]s red and blue in varying proportions, with possibly a very small quantity of the third primary color (green for light or yellow for pigment). There is disagreement over exactly which shades can be described as purple, some people preferring more precise terms such as [[magenta]] or [[heliotrope (color)|heliotrope]] for particular shades. A difference in [[retina]]l sensitivity to red and blue light between individuals can cause further disagreement.

Purple is sometimes confused with the more narrowly-defined [[spectral color]], [[violet (color)|violet]].

In [[color theory]], a 'purple' is defined as any non-[[spectrum|spectral]] color between [[violet (color)|violet]] and [[red]].

In [[painting|art]], purple is the color on the [[HSV color space|color wheel]] between [[magenta]] and [[violet (color)|violet]] and its [[tint]]s and [[shade]]s. This color, electric purple, is shown below.<ref> Graham, Lanier F. (editor) ''The Rainbow Book'' Berkeley, California:1976 Shambala Publishing and The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (Handbook for the Summer 1976 exhibition ''The Rainbow Art Show'' which took place primarily at the [[De Young Museum]] but also at other museums) Portfolio of color wheels by famous theoreticians—see Rood color wheel (1879) Page 93</ref>

In human color psychology, purple is associated with royalty, regality, and nobility (stemming from its use in heraldry to denote gentry).


==Etymology and definitions==
==Etymology and definitions==
[[Image:BlueberriesBig.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Blueberries]]
The [[modern English]] word ''blue'' comes from the [[Middle English]], ''bleu'' or ''blwe'', which came from an [[Old French]] word ''bleu'' of [[Germanic language|Germanic]] origin (Frankish or possibly [[Old High German]] ''blao'', "shining"). ''Bleu'' replaced Old English ''blaw''. The root of these variations was the Proto-Germanic ''blæwaz'', which was also the root of the Old Norse word ''bla'' and the modern [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] ''blár'', and the [[North Germanic languages|Scandinavian]] word ''blå'', but it can refer to other colours. <!-- It can also be green or orange occasionally (blue). --> A [[Scots language|Scots]] and [[Scottish English]] word for "blue-grey" is ''blae'', from the Middle English ''bla'' ("dark blue," from the [[Old English language|Old English]] ''blæd''). Ancient Greek lacked a word for colour blue and [[Homer]] called the colour of the sea "wine dark", except that the word ''kyanos'' (cyan) was used for dark blue enamel.


[[Image:Murex sp.jpg|thumb|''spiny dye-murex'']]
As a curiosity, ''blue'' is thought to be cognate with ''[[blond]]'', ''[[blank]]'' and ''[[black]]'' through the Germanic word. Through a [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] root, it is also linked with Latin ''flavus'' ("yellow"; see ''[[flavescent]]'' and ''[[flavine]]''), with Greek ''phalos'' (white), French ''blanc'' (white, blank) (loaned from [[Old Frankish language|Old Frankish]]), and with Russian белый, ''belyi'' ("white," see ''[[Beluga (whale)|beluga]]''), and Welsh ''blawr'' (grey) all of which derive (according to the ''[[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language|American Heritage Dictionary]]'') from the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] [[Root (linguistics)|root]] ''*bhel-'' meaning "to shine, flash or burn", (more specifically the word bhle-was, which meant light coloured, blue, blond, or yellow), whence came the names of various bright colours, and that of colour black from a derivation meaning "burnt" (other words derived from the root ''*bhel-'' include ''[[bleach]]'', ''[[bleak]]'', ''[[blind]]'', ''[[blink]]'', ''[[blank]]'', ''[[blush]]'', ''[[blaze]]'', ''[[flame]]'', ''[[fulminate]]'', ''flagrant'' and ''[[phlegm]]'').


The word 'purple' comes from the [[Old English]] word ''purpul'' which originates from the [[Latin]] ''purpura.'' This in turn is derived from the [[Koine Greek]] {{Polytonic|πορφύρα}} (''porphyra''), name of the [[dye]] manufactured in [[Classical antiquity]] from the mucus-secretion of the hypobranchial gland of a marine [[snail]] known as the ''[[Murex brandaris]]'' or the ''spiny dye-murex''.<ref>{{cite web | title = Online Etymology Dictionary | url = http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=purple }}</ref>
In the English language, blue may refer to the feeling of sadness. "He was feeling blue". This is because blue was related to rain, or storms, and in Greek mythology, the god [[Zeus]] would make rain when he was sad (crying), and a storm when he was angry. ''Kyanos'' was a name used in [[Ancient Greek]] to refer to ''dark blue tile'' (in [[English (language)|English]] it means blue-green or [[cyan]]).<ref>''Merriam-Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary'' Springfield, Mass.:1984--Merriam-Webster Page 319 </ref> The phrase "feeling blue" is linked also to a custom among many old deepwater sailing ships. If the ship lost the captain or any of the officers during its voyage, she would fly blue flags and have a blue band painted along her entire hull when returning to home port.<ref> "US Navy - origins of Navy Terminology" [http://www.navy.mil/navydata/traditions/html/navyterm.html#feelblue]</ref>


The first recorded use of the word 'purple' in [[English language|English]] was in the year AD 975.<ref>[[Oxford English Dictionary]], second edition</ref>
Many languages do not have [[Distinguishing blue from green in language|separate terms for blue and or green]], instead using a cover term for both (when the issue is discussed in linguistics, this cover term is sometimes called ''[[grue (color)#Grue as used to translate a color name in natural languages|grue]]'' in English). Blue is commonly used on internet browsers to colour a link that has not been clicked; when a link has been clicked it changes yellow or orange or purple.


The color regarded as the standard for purple has changed over the years, from [[Tyrian Purple]] in [[Ancient history|ancient times]] to [[Electric Purple]] today.
==In science==
[[Image:Chiemsee010.jpg|200px|thumb|The sky and water often appear blue.]]
===Pigments===
Traditionally, blue has been considered a primary colour in painting, with the secondary colour [[orange (colour)|orange]] as its complement.


===Purple versus violet===
Blue pigments include [[azurite]], [[ultramarine]], [[cerulean blue]], [[cobalt blue]], and [[Prussian blue]] (milori blue).
{{main|Violet (color)}}
{{infobox color|
title= Violet|textcolor=white|
hex= 8B00FF|
r=139|g= 0|b=255|
c=50 |m=100|y= 0|k= 0|
h=273|s=100|v=100
}}


Violet is a [[spectral color]] (approximately 420–380nm), of a shorter wavelength than [[blue (color)|blue]], while purple is a combination of [[red (color)|red]] and [[blue (color)|blue]] or [[violet (color)|violet]] light. The purples are colors that are not [[spectral color]]s – purples are extra-spectral colors. In fact, purple was not present on [[Sir Isaac Newton|Newton's]] color wheel (which went directly from violet to red), though it is present on modern ones, between red and violet. There is no such thing as the "wavelength of purple light"; it only exists as a combination.
===Scientific natural standards for blue===
* Emission spectrum of Cu<sup>2+</sup>
* Electronic spectrum of aqua-ions Cu(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub><sup>2+</sup>


[[Image:CIExy1931.svg|right|thumb|The CIE xy chromaticity diagram]]
===Animals===
[[Image:Cyanocitta cristata blue jay.jpg|thumb|200px|right|a [[Blue Jay]]]]
*When an [[animal]]'s coat is described as "blue", it usually refers to a shade of grey that takes on a bluish tint, a diluted variant of a pure black coat.{{Fact|date=October 2007}} This designation is used for a variety of animals, including [[coat (dog)|dog coats]], some [[rat]] coats, [[cat coat genetics|cat coats]], some [[list of chicken breeds|chicken breed]]s, and some [[equine coat color|horse coat colours]].


On the [[CIE 1931 color space|CIE xy chromaticity diagram]], violet is on the curved edge in the lower left, while purples are the straight line connecting the extreme colors red and violet.
==Blue in human culture==
===English language===


One interesting [[psychophysics|psychophysical]] feature of the two colors that can be used to separate them is their appearance with increase of [[light intensity]]. Violet, as light intensity increases, appears to take on a far more blue hue as a result of what is known as the [[Bezold-Brücke shift]]. The same increase in blueness is not noted in purples.
* In the English language, blue often represents the human emotion of sadness, e.g. "He was feeling blue".


Violet cannot be reproduced by a Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color system, and must be simulated by a mixture of red and blue (purple). The shade of violet simulated in the color box above is just over halfway between [[magenta]] and [[blue]] on the [[color wheel]].
===Music===


==Properties==
* The [[blues]] is a style of music originated by [[African Americans]]. Contrary to popular belief it is not called [[Blues]] because its lyrics are depressing but because its scale is inclusive of the "dark notes" or [[blue notes]].


On a [[chromaticity diagram]], the straight line connecting the extreme spectral [[color]]s ([[red]] and [[violet (color)|violet]]) is known as the 'line of purples' (or 'purple boundary'); it represents one limit of [[human]] [[Color vision|color perception]]. The color [[magenta]] used in the [[CMYK]] [[printing]] process is on the line of purples, but most people associate the term "purple" with a somewhat [[blue (color)|bluer]] shade. Some common confusion exists concerning the [[color name]]s "purple" and "violet". Purple is a mixture of red and blue light, whereas violet is a spectral color.
* In 1999 [[Eiffel 65]] released the song "Blue (Da Ba Dee)," a hugely popular [[Eurodance]] song which peaked at #2 on the [[Billboard Hot 100]] in the United States, and reached #1 in 17 countries.{{Fact|date=June 2008}}


==Historical development of purple==
* [[Blue (boy band)|Blue]] is also the name of an English pop boy band.


===Tyrian purple: Classical antiquity===
===National colours===
[[Image:Coat of arms of Israel.svg|thumb|200px|right|Coat of Arms symbol of Israel]]
* Light Blue and white are the national colours of the Argentina Republic, in South America.
* ''[[Azure (color)|Azzurro]]'' (meaning sky), a light blue, is the national colour of [[Italy]] (from the [[livery]] colour of the former reigning family, the [[House of Savoy]]){{Fact|date=December 2007}}.
* Blue is the national sports colour for [[India]], as it denotes [[secularism]].
* Blue is the national colour used on flags of several countries surrounded by seas or oceans such as [[Australia]] and [[Flag of Europe|Europe]], though not necessarily with this interpretation in mind.
* Blue and white are the national colours of [[Somalia]], [[Scotland]], [[Finland]] and the Central American countries of [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], [[El Salvador]], and [[Nicaragua]], as well as [[Greece]], [[Israel]] and of the [[United Nations Organization]] using a light shade of blue symbolizing peace.
* Blue and yellow are the national colours of [[Sweden]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Ukraine]], and [[Barbados]], and along with green, of [[Brazil]], and along with red, of [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Ecuador]], [[Chad]], [[Romania]], and [[Moldova]].
* Red and blue are the national colours of [[Liechtenstein]] and [[Haiti]], and along with white (where it composed the French [[tricolour]] whose simple design or colours were taken by other countries), the [[United Kingdom]], [[The United States]], [[France]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Norway]], the [[Czech Republic]], [[Slovakia]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Serbia]], [[Croatia]], [[Paraguay]], [[Iceland]], [[Panama]], [[Russia]], [[Cuba]], [[Chile]], [[Thailand]], [[Dominican Republic]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Liberia]], [[Nepal]], and [[Slovenia]].
[[Image:Flag of Somalia.svg|thumb|200px|right|Flag of Somalia]]


{{main|Tyrian purple}}
===Mysticism===
{{Infobox color |textcolor=white|
* In the [[metaphysics]] of the "[[New Age]] Prophetess", [[Alice Bailey]], in her system called the [[Seven Rays]] which classifies humans into seven different metaphysical [[psychological types]], the "first ray" of "will-power" is represented by the color blue. People who have this metaphysical psychological type are said to be "on the Blue Ray".<ref>{{cite book | last = Bailey| first= Alice A. | authorlink = Alice Bailey | title = The Seven Rays of Life | location= New York| year= 1995 |publisher = Lucis Publishing Company | isbn = 0853301425}}</ref>
title=Tyrian Purple |
* In [[Hinduism]], Blue is used to symbolically represent the fifth, throat [[chakra]] ([[Vishuddha]]).<ref>Stevens, Samantha. The Seven Rays: a Universal Guide to the Archangels. City: Insomniac Press, 2004. ISBN 1894663497 pg. 24</ref>
hex=66023C|
* [[Psychic]]s who claim to be able to observe the [[Aura (paranormal)|aura]] with their [[third eye]] report that someone with a blue aura is a person who is oriented toward [[spirituality]].<ref> [[Swami Panchadasi]] ''The Human Aura: Astral Colors and Thought Forms'' Des Plaines, Illinois, USA:1912--Yogi Publications Society Page 36</ref> People with blue auras are said to be interested in social service work and to be in occupations such as [[social worker]], [[counsellor]], [[teacher]], [[writer]], and [[psychologist]].<ref> Oslie, Pamalie ''Life Colors: What the Colors in Your Aura Reveal'' Novato, California:2000--New World Library Blue Auras: Pages 117-130 </ref>
r=102|g=2 |b=60|
c= 66|m= 87|y= 0|k= 0|
h=277|s= 67|v= 44|
spelling=color|
source=[http://www.mmdtkw.org/VPurple.html Internet]}}


[[Image:Justinian.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Byzantine Emperor [[Justinian I]] clad in Tyrian purple, 6th-century mosaic at [[Basilica of San Vitale]]]]
===Politics===
The actual color of '''Tyrian purple''', the original color purple from which the name purple is derived, is the color of a dye made from a [[Haustellum brandaris|mollusk]] that, because of its incredible expense (many times more expensive than [[gold]]){{Fact|date=August 2008}}, in [[classical antiquity]] became a symbol of [[royalty]] because only the very wealthy could afford it. Therefore, Tyrian purple is also called '''imperial purple'''.


Tyrian purple may have been discovered as early as the time of the [[Minoan civilization]]. [[Alexander the Great]] (when giving imperial audiences as the [[List of kings of Macedon|emperor]] of the [[Macedon|Macedonian Empire]]), the emperors of the [[Seleucid Empire]], and the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|kings]] of [[Ptolemaic Egypt]] wore Tyrian purple. The imperial robes of [[Roman emperor]]s were Tyrian purple trimmed in metallic [[gold (color)|gold]] thread. The badge of office of a [[Roman Senate|Roman Senator]] was a stripe of Tyrian purple on their white [[toga]].<ref>[http://www.mmdtkw.org/VPurple.html Tyrian Purple in Ancient Rome:]</ref> Tyrian purple was continued in use by the emperors of the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]] until [[Fall of Constantinople|its final collapse]] in 1453.
{{main|Political colour}}
{{-}}


===Han purple: Ancient China===
{{Unreferencedsection|date=October 2007}}


{{Main|Han Purple}}
*Blue has been associated with a variety of political positions, often differentiated from [[communist]] [[red]] or [[anarchism|anarchist]] [[black]]. During the [[revolt in the Vendée]] against the French revolution, blues stood for the revolutionary forces, and white for the counter-revolutionaries. Later movements like the [[Breton blues]] used the colour to signify allegiance to the ideals of the revolution. {{Fact|date=December 2007}}
{{Infobox Color|title=Han Purple|textcolor=white|
hex=5218FA|
r= 82|g= 24|b=250|
c= |m= |y= |k= |
h= 260|s= 97|v= 47
|source=[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.spacedaily.com/images/microscopic-han-purple-sm.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.einsteindaily.com/&h=80&w=100&sz=3&hl=en&start=12&tbnid=Bkb5C7Yoza2HyM:&tbnh=66&tbnw=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%2522Han%2Bpurple%2522%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26sa%3DN\ Internet]}}


'''Han purple''' is a type of artificial [[pigment]] found in [[China]] between 500 [[Anno Domini|B.C.]] and 220 [[Anno Domini|A.D.]]. It was used in the decoration of the [[Xian]] [[Terracotta Army]].
*In the [[United Kingdom]] and Canada blue is the colour of the respective [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] [[Conservative Party of Canada|Parties]]. In the [[United States]], however, it has become fashionable since the 2000 Presidential Election to refer to the [[U.S. Democratic Party|Democratic Party]] as "blue" and the [[U.S. Republican Party|Republican Party]] as "red", particularly as in reference to "[[red states and blue states]]".


Han purple is a purple in the sense that the term is used in colloquial English, i.e., it is a color between red and blue; however, it is not a purple in the sense that the term is used in color theory, i.e. a non-[[Spectrum|spectral]] color between red and violet on the line of purples on the CIE chromaticity diagram.
*The [[Blue Dog Coalition|Blue Dog Democrats]] are a group of conservative Democrats in the [[United States House of Representatives]].{{Fact|date=December 2007}}
{{-}}
[[Image:Blue_lion_dance.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Blue dragon dance]]


===Royal purple: Medieval Europe===
===Religion===
*Blue in Hinduism: Many of the gods are depicted as having blue-coloured skin, particularly those associated with [[Vishnu]], who is said to be the Preserver of the world and thus intimately connected to water. [[Krishna]] and [[Ram]], Vishnu's avatars, are usually blue. [[Shiva]], the Destroyer, is also depicted in light blue tones and is called ''neela kantha'', or blue-throated, for having swallowed poison in an attempt to turn the tide of a battle between the gods and demons in the gods' favour.


{{Infobox color |textcolor=white|
*[[Blue in Judaism]]: In the [[Torah]],<ref> [[Book of Numbers|Numbers]] 15:38.</ref> the [[Israelites]] were commanded to put fringes, ''[[tzitzit]]'', on the corners of their garments, and to weave within these fringes a "twisted thread of blue (''tekhelet'')".<ref>http://www.tekhelet.com The Ptil Tekhelet Organization</ref> In ancient days, this blue thread was made from a dye extracted from a Mediterranean snail called the ''hilazon''. [[Maimonides]] claimed that this blue was the colour of "the clear noonday sky"; [[Rashi]], the colour of the evening sky.<ref> ''[[Mishneh Torah]]'', ''Tzitzit'' 2:1; Commentary on Numbers 15:38.</ref> According to several rabbinic sages, blue is the colour of God's Glory.<ref> ''[[Numbers Rabbah]]'' 14:3; ''[[Hullin]]'' 89a.</ref> Staring at this colour aids in mediation, bringing us a glimpse of the "pavement of sapphire, like the very sky for purity", which is a likeness of the Throne of God.<ref> [[Exodus]] 24:10; [[Ezekiel]] 1:26; ''[[Hullin]]'' 89a.</ref> (The [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] word for glory.) Many items in the ''[[Mishkan]]'', the portable sanctuary in the wilderness, such as the ''[[Menorah (Temple)|menorah]]'', many of the vessels, and the [[Ark of the Covenant]], were covered with blue cloth when transported from place to place.<ref> [[Book of Numbers|Numbers]] 4:6-12.</ref>
title=Royal Purple |
hex=6B3FA0|
r=107|g= 63|b=160|
c= |m= |y= 0|k= 0|
h=273|s= 62|v= 54|
source=[[List of Crayola crayon colors|Crayola]]}}
This shade of purple is bluer than the ancient Tyrian purple.


In [[medieval]] [[Europe]], [[blue]] dyes were rare and expensive,<ref>Varichon, Anne ''Colors: What They Mean and How to Make Them'' New York:2006 Abrams Page 161 </ref> so only the most wealthy or the [[aristocracy]] could afford to wear them. (The [[working class]] wore mainly [[green]] and [[brown]].) Because of this (and also because Tyrian purple had gone out of use in [[western Europe]] after the collapse of the [[Western Roman Empire]] in AD 476), Europeans' idea of purple shifted towards this more bluish purple known as '''royal purple''' because of its similarity to the [[royal blue]] worn by the aristocracy. This was the shade of purple worn by [[Monarch|king]]s in [[Middle Ages|medieval Europe]].{{Fact|date=March 2008}}
===Symbolism===
{{-}}


===Artists pigment purple (red-violet): 1930s===
* In [[Thailand]], blue is associated with Friday on the [[Thai solar calendar]]. Anyone may wear blue on Fridays and anyone born on a Friday may adopt blue as their colour. The [[Thai language]], however, is one that has had trouble [[Distinguishing blue from green in language|distinguishing blue from green]]. The default word for Blue was recently สีน้ำเงิน literally, the colour of silver, a poetical reference to the silvery sheen of the deep blue sea. It now means Navy Blue, and the default word is now สีฟ้า literally, the colour of the sky.<ref>[http://www.thai-language.com/dict/ thai-language.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


{{main|Red-violet}}
*In the early 1960s, the [[United States Air Force]] ran a television commercial with this jingle:
{{infobox color|
textcolor=white|
title=Medium violet red|
hex=C71585|
r=199|g= 21|b= 133|
c= 0|m= 89|y= 33|k= 0|
h=322|s= 89|v= 78
|source=[[Web colors#X11 color list|X11]]}}
'Royal purple' (shown above) or the dark violet color known as vulgar purple{{Fact|date=March 2008}} is the common layman's idea of purple, but professional [[artist]]s, following [[Munsell color system]] (introduced in 1905 and widely accepted by 1930), regard purple as being synonymous with the [[red-violet]] color shown at right, in order to clearly distinguish purple from [[Violet (color)|violet]] and thus have access to a larger palette of colors{{Fact|date=March 2008}}. This '''red-violet''' color, called '''artist's purple''' by artists, is the pigment color that would be on a pigment color [[color wheel]] between pigment [[Violet (color)#Pigment violet (web color dark violet)|violet]] and pigment (process) [[Magenta#Process magenta (pigment magenta) (1890s)|magenta]]. In the Munsell color system, this color at the maximum chroma of 12 is called Red-Purple.


Artists pigments and colored [[pencil]]s labeled as purple are colored the red-violet color shown at right.
They took the blue from the [[sky|skies]] <br />
And the pretty [[girl]]s' [[eyes]] <br />
{{-}}
And a touch of [[Old Glory]] too; <br />

And gave it to the men who proudly wear the U. S. Air Force Blue!
===Electric purple: 2000s===

{{infobox color|textcolor=white|
title=Electric Purple|
hex=BF00FF|
r=191|g= 0|b=255|
c= |m= |y= |k= |
h=285|s=100|v= 80
|source=[http://www.colourlovers.com/color/BF00FF/Electric_Purple Colour Lovers]}}

This color, '''electric purple''', is precisely halfway between [[Violet (color)|violet]] and [[magenta]] and thus fits the artistic definition of purple.<ref> Graham, Lanier F. (editor) ''The Rainbow Book'' Berkeley, California:1976 Shambala Publishing and The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (Handbook for the Summer 1976 exhibition ''The Rainbow Art Show'' which took place primarily at the [[De Young Museum]] but also at other museums) Portfolio of color wheels by famous theoreticians—see Rood color wheel (1879) Page 93 Purple is halfway between magenta and violet</ref>

Using additive colors such as those on computer screens, it is possible to create a much brighter purple than with pigments where the mixing subtracts frequencies from the component primary colors. The equivalent color on a computer to the pigment color red-violet shown above would be this electric purple, i.e. the much brighter purple you can see reproduced on the screen of an [[electronics|electronic]] [[computer]]. This color is pure purple conceived as [[computer art]]ists conceive it, as the pure [[chroma]] on the [[computer screen]] [[HSV color space|color wheel]] halfway between electric violet and electric magenta. Thus, electric purple is the purest and brightest purple that it is possible to display on a computer screen.
{{-}}

==Computer web color purples==
===Purple (HTML/CSS color)===

{{Infobox color |textcolor=white|
title=Purple (HTML/CSS color) |
hex=800080|
r=128|g=0 |b=128|rgbspace=[[sRGB color space|sRGB]]|
c= 66|m= 87|y= 0|k= 0|
h=300|s= 67|v= 44|
source=[[Web colors#HTML color names|HTML/CSS]]<ref name="css3-color">[http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4 W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, HTML4 color keywords]</ref>
}}

This purple used in [[HTML]] and [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] actually is deeper and has a more reddish hue (#800080) than the [[X11 color names|X11 color]] purple shown below as ''purple'' (X11 color) (#A020F0), which is bluer and brighter.

This color may be called '''HTML/CSS purple'''.
{{-}}

===Purple (X11 color)===

{{infobox color|textcolor=white|
title=Purple (X11 color)|
hex=A020F0|
r=160|g= 32|b=240|
c= 9|m= 94|y= 0|k= 0|
h=285|s= 97|v= 77
|source=[[X11 color names#Color names that clash between X11 and HTML/CSS|X11]]}}

At right is displayed the color purple, as defined in the [[X11 color names|X11 color]], which is a lot brighter and bluer than the [[HTML]] purple shown above.

See the chart [[X11 color names#Color names that clash between X11 and HTML/CSS|Color names that clash between X11 and HTML/CSS]] in the X11 color names article to see those colors which are different in HTML and X11.

This color can be called '''X11 purple'''.
{{-}}

===Medium purple (X11)===


==Variations of blue==
===Dark blue===
{{infobox color|
{{infobox color|
title=Dark blue|hex=00008B|textcolor=white|
title= Medium Purple|textcolor=white|
hex= 9370DB|
spelling=colour|
r=0|g=0|b=139|
r=147|g=112|b=219|
c=1|m=1|y=0|k=0.455|
c= 56|m= 58|y= 0|k= 0|
h=240|s=100|v= 25
h=270|s= 68|v=72
|source=[[Web color#X11 color list|X11]]}}
|source=[[Web color#X11 color list|X11]]}}
Displayed at right is the web color '''medium purple'''.
'''Dark blue''' is a shade of [[blue]].


This color is a medium shade of the bright ''X11 purple'' shown above.
The name comes from the word "[[Dark]]" (which originated from [[Old English]] dark, derk, deork; [[Anglo-Saxon language|Anglo-Saxon]] dearc, and [[Scottish Gaelic language|Gaelic]] and [[Irish language|Irish]] dorch, dorcha) and "Blue" (taken from [[French language|French]] and originated from the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Indo-European]] root bhlewos).
{{-}}


==Additional variations of purple==
===Medium blue===
===Orchid===

{{main|Orchid (color)}}
[[Image:Labiata.jpg|left|thumb|upright|''[[Cattleya labiata]]'']]
{{infobox color|
{{infobox color|
title= Orchid|
title=Medium blue|hex=0000CD|textcolor=white|
hex= DA70D6|
spelling=colour|
r=0|g=0|b=205|
r=218|g=112|b=214|
c=1|m=1|y=0|k=0.455|
c= 0|m= 49|y= 2|k= 15|
h=240|s=100|v=40
h=302|s= 49|v= 85
|source=[[Web color#X11 color list|X11]]}}
|source=[[Web colors#X11 color list|X11]]}}

Displayed at right is the colour '''medium blue'''.
The color '''orchid''' is a light shade of purple. The name 'orchid' originates from the flowers of some species of the vast [[Orchidaceae|orchid flower]] family, such as ''Laelia furfuracea'' and ''Ascocentrum pusillum'', which have petals of this color.
{{-}}
{{-}}


===Light blue===
===Heliotrope===

{{infobox color|title=Light Blue|hex=ADD8E6|textcolor=black|
{{main|Heliotrope (color)}}
r=173|g=216|b=230|
[[Image:Heliotropium arborescens1.jpg|left|thumb|upright|''[[Heliotropium arborescens]]'']]
c= 50|m= 50|y= 0|k= 0|
{{Infobox Color|title=Heliotrope|hex=DF73FF|
h=240|s= 90|v= 80|
r=223|g= 115|b=255|
spelling=colour
c= 13|m= 55|y= 0|k= 0|
|source=[[Web color#X11 color list|X11]]}}
h=286|s= 55|v= 100
}}


The web colour '''light blue''' is displayed in the colour box at right.
The color '''heliotrope''' is a brilliant shade of purple.


[[Heliotrope (color)|Heliotrope]] is a [[pink]]-purple [[tint]] that is a representation of the [[color]] of the [[Heliotropium|heliotrope flower]].
The first recorded use of "light blue" as a colour term in [[English (language)|English]] is in the year 1915.<ref> Maerz and Paul ''A Dictionary of Color'' New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 190 </ref>
{{-}}
{{-}}
===Pigment blue===
===Psychedelic purple===
{{infobox color|textcolor=white|
<!--
title=Psychedelic purple|
Note: The source says that it is a CMYK color, and this means there is no authoritative RGB value. The hex code is nominal for screen display in this box only, but should not be taken as an RGB standard for the color because the ink colors used in CMYK printing may vary according to different formulations. -->
hex=DD00FF|
{{infobox color|title=Pigment Blue|hex=333399|textcolor=white|
r=51|g=51|b=153|
r=221|g= 0|b=255|
c= 100|m=100|y= 0|k= 0|
c= |m= |y= |k= |
h=240|s= 50|v= 35|
h=290|s=100|v= 92
|source=[http://www.colourlovers.com/color/DD00FF/Psychedelic_Purple Colour Lovers]}}
spelling=colour
The pure essence of purple was approximated in pigment in the late [[1960]]s by mixing [[fluorescent]] [[magenta]] and fluorescent [[blue]] pigments together to make ''fluorescent purple'' to use in [[psychedelic]] [[black light]] [[painting]]s. This shade of purple was very popular among [[hippie]]s and was the favorite color of [[Jimi Hendrix]], therefore it is called '''psychedelic purple'''. It is shaded somewhat more toward the magenta than electric purple and it is displayed in the color box at right.
|source=[http://www.tintbook.com/ CMYK]}}


In the [[1980]]s there was a ''Jimi Hendrix Museum'' in a [[Victorian house]] on the east side of Central Ave. one half block south of Haight Street in the [[Haight-Ashbury]] neighborhood of [[San Francisco]] which was painted this color.
At right is the color '''pigment blue'''. This is the color that is achieved by mixing an equal amount of [[Cyan#Electric cyan vs. process cyan|process cyan]] (printer's cyan) and [[Magenta#Historical development of magenta|process magenta]] (printer's magenta).
{{-}}
{{-}}


===Mulberry===
===Variations of blue in culture===
'''[[Fashion]]'''
* Dark [[clothing]] for [[male]]s such as dark blue [[business suit]]s have become much more popular since about 1995{{Fact|date=June 2008}}, as opposed to the [[pastel]] coloured business suits worn in the 1970s by major [[Leadership|leaders]] in such institutions as the [[United States Congress]] (the vast difference in the clothing worn in the 1970s as opposed to the 2000s can be readily seen by looking at a [[videotape]] of the [[Watergate hearings]]).


{{Infobox color |textcolor=white|
'''[[Law enforcement|Law Enforcement]]'''
title=Mulberry|
* [[Police]] normally wear dark blue or, sometimes, medium blue [[uniform]]s (However, the [[New Age]] [[philosopher]] [[Alan Watts]] suggested in the 1960s that police ought to wear [[baby blue]] uniforms.).
hex=C54B8C|
r=197|g= 75|b=140|
c= |m= |y= 0|k= 0|
h=285|s= 67|v= 70|
spelling=colour|
|source=[[List of Crayola crayon colors|Crayola]]}}


The color '''mulberry''' is displayed at right. This color is a representation of the color of [[mulberry]] [[jam]] or [[pie]]. This was a [[Crayola]] [[crayon]] color from 1958 to 2003.
'''[[Human sexuality|Sexuality]]'''

* In the [[bandana code]] of the [[Gay (term)|gay]] [[leather subculture]], wearing a medium blue [[Kerchief|bandana]] means one is into the [[sexual fetish|fetish]] of having [[Homosexuality|sex]] with someone who is wearing a [[police]] [[Uniform fetish|uniform]].<ref> Card showing list of bandana colours and their meanings, available at Image Leather, 2199 Market St., San Francisco, CA 94114 </ref>
The first recorded use of Mulberry as a color name in [[English language|English]] was in 1776.<ref> Maerz and Paul ''A Dictionary of Color'' New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 199; Color Sample of Mulberry: Page 119 Plate 48 Color Sample E9</ref>
'''[[Sociology]]'''
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
* Dark blue represents knowledge, power, integrity, and seriousness. In [[Western civilization]], those in the [[upper class]]es in high places of [[Politics|political]] or [[Economics|economic]] power often wear dark blue [[Business suit|suits]]. Ordinary members of the [[working class]] (especially those who work in the [[computer industry]]) often refer derisively to these [[management]] functionaries as ''the suits''.<ref>''The Cuckoo's Egg: Tracking a Spy Through the Maze of Computer Espionage'', Clifford Stoll, 1989, ISBN 0-7434-1146-3 </ref> This terminology is also used in the [[Film industry|television industry]]--the [[TV network|network]] executives are often referred to by the creative people ([[actor]]s, [[Television director|director]]s, and [[screenwriter]]s) as ''the suits''.<ref> Shatner, William (with Chris Kreski) ''Star Trek Memories'' New York:1993 Harper Collins </ref>

*In historical [[atlas (cartography)|atlas]]es published in [[Germany]], light blue is traditionally used as a colour to represent Germany, as opposed to [[pink]] for England, [[purple]] for [[France]], and [[Variations of green|light green]] for [[Russia]].<ref> See the ''Grosshistoricher Weltatlas'', 1965 edition (Other German historical atlases use these same colours.)</ref>
===Pansy purple===

{{infobox color|textcolor=white|
title=Pansy Purple|
hex=78184A|
r=120|g= 24|b= 74|
c= |m= |y= 0|k= |
h=287|s= 36|v= 27
|source=[http://tx4.us/nbs/nbs-p.htm ISCC-NBS]}}

[[Image:Purple Pansy.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Purple Pansy]]
The [[pansy]] flower has varieties that exhibit three different colors: pansy (a deep shade of violet), pansy pink, and '''pansy purple'''.

The first recorded use of Pansy Purple as a color name in [[English language|English]] was in 1814.<ref> Maerz and Paul ''A Dictionary of Color'' New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 201; Color Sample of Pansy Purple: Page 131 Plate 54 Color Sample L8 </ref>
{{-}}

===Tokyo purple===

{{infobox color|textcolor=white|
title=Tokyo Purple|
hex=5A004A|
r= 90|g= 0|b= 70|
c= 50|m= 45|y= 0|k=10|
h=283|s= 37|v= 25
|source=[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/jp-13.html Vexillological]}}

[[Image:Flag of Tokyo.svg|thumb|left|upright|Flag of Tokyo]]
'''Tokyo purple''' is the color of the [[flag]] of the [[Prefectures of Japan|prefecture]] of [[Tokyo]] in the [[Kantō region|Kantō]] [[Regions of Japan|region]] of [[Japan]]. This shade of dark purple has been associated with Tokyo (formerly called Edo) since ancient times. <ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/jp-13.html Flags of the World website—Flag of Tokyo (see description of flag underneath picture of flag):]</ref>
{{-}}

==Purple in nature==
====[[Plant]]s====

* [[Stipa|Purple needlegrass]] is the [[state grass]] of [[California]].

====[[Animal]]s====

* The [[purple frog]] is a new species of [[amphibian]] discovered in [[India]] in 2003.

==Purple in human culture==
{{Trivia|date=February 2008}}

====[[Anti-Apartheid Movement]]====

* The [[Purple Rain Protest]] was a protest against [[apartheid]] that took place in [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]] on [[2 September]] [[1989]], in which a police [[water cannon]] with purple dye sprayed thousands of demonstrators. This led to the slogan [[The purple shall govern]].

====[[Astronomy]]====

* One of the [[star]]s in the [[Pleiades]], called [[Pleione (star)|Pleione]], is sometimes called Purple Pleione because, being a fast spinning star, it has a purple hue caused by its blue-white color being obscured by a spinning ring of electrically excited red [[hydrogen]] gas.<ref> Barnett, Lincoln and the editorial staff of Life ''The World We Live In'' New York:1955--Simon and Schuster--Page 284</ref>

====[[Billiards|Billiard games]]====

* Purple is the color of the ball in [[Snooker Plus]] with a 10-point value.

==== [[Calendar]]s====

* Purple is associated with Saturday on the [[Thai solar calendar]]. Anyone may wear purple on Saturdays and anyone born on a Saturday may adopt purple as their color.

====[[Comedy]]====

* [[The Purple Onion]] is a celebrated [[comedy]] club in the [[North Beach]] area of [[San Francisco, California]].<ref> [http://www.purpleonioncomedy.com/ Home page for The Purple Onion:]</ref>

====[[Dance]]====

* The ''Purple Moon Dance Project'' is a [[dance]] group in San Francisco.<ref> [http://www.purplemoondance.org/ Purple Moon Dance Project website:]</ref>

====[[Fraternities]] and [[sororities]]====

*[[Sigma Lambda Beta]] recognizes royal purple and pure [[white]] as its official fraternal colors.
*[[Sigma Lambda Gamma]] recognizes majestic purple and [[Pink#Shocking_pink|shocking pink]] as its official colors.
*[[Omega Psi Phi]] recognizes royal purple and old gold as their official colors.
*[[Delta Phi Epsilon (social)|Delta Phi Epsilon]] recognizes Royal Purple and Pure [[Gold]] as its official colors.

====[[Heraldry]]====

* Porpora, or [[purpure]], was not one of the usual [[tinctures]] in European [[heraldry]], being added at a late date to bring the number of tinctures plus metals to seven, so that they could be given planetary associations. The classic early example of purpure is in the [[coat of arms]] of the [[Kingdom of León]]: argent, a lion purpure, as early as 1245.

====[[History]]====

*Byzantine empresses gave birth in the Purple [[Chamber]] of the palace of the [[Byzantine Emperor]]s. Therefore, being named [[Porphyrogenitus]] ("born to the purple") marked a dynastic emperor as opposed to a general who won the throne by his effort.
*In [[China]], the Chinese name of the [[Forbidden City]] literally means "purple forbidden city" 紫禁城 with first character 紫 meaning purple (even though the [[Chinese Emperor]] himself wore [[yellow]], which was considered in China to be the imperial color).

====[[Holocaust]]====

*The [[purple triangle]] was a [[Nazi concentration camp badges|Nazi concentration camp badge]] used by the [[Nazi party|Nazis]] to identify several un-orthodox non-conformist religious groups known as Bibelforscher, mostly [[Jehovah’s Witnesses]]. <ref> [http://www.cesnur.org/2006/sd_chryssides.htm Bibelforshcer—The German name for “Jehovah’s Witnesses”:]</ref>

====[[Literature]]====

*[[Alice Walker]], author of ''[[The Color Purple]],'' said, "Womanist is to feminist as purple is to [[Lavender (color)|lavender]]."
*As a result of its association with royalty and luxury, the term 'purple' is often used to describe pretentious or overly embellished literature. For example, a paragraph containing an excessive number of long and unusual words is called a purple passage (see [[Purple prose]]).

====[[Microbiology]]====

*In April 2007 it was suggested that early [[archaea]] may have used [[retinal]], a purple pigment, instead of [[chlorophyll]], to extract [[energy]] from the [[sun]]. If so, large areas of the [[ocean]] and shoreline would have been colored purple; this is called the [[Purple Earth theory]].<ref> [http://www.livescience.com/environment/070410_purple_earth.html Early Earth Was Purple, Study Suggests:]</ref>

====[[Military science|Military]]====

*In the [[United States]] and [[United Kingdom]] [[military|militaries]], ''purple'' refers to programs or assignments that are "joint", i. e., that are not confined to a single service such as the [[Army]] or [[Navy]], but apply to the entire defense establishment. Assignment to one or more joint [[billet]]s is required for promotion to [[flag rank]] ([[Admiral|Rear Admiral]] and higher) in the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]]. Officers in joint billets are sometimes referred to as "wearing purple" (the phrase is purely metaphorical as there are no purple uniforms in the U.S. or [[British Armed Forces|UK armed forces]]).
*During and before [[World War II]], the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] used a code known as [[PURPLE]] or the Purple Code. The [[Allies]]' military successes in the [[Pacific theater]] depended on the fact that the Japanese did not know that Allied [[cryptographers]] had broken the code.
* The [[Purple Heart]] is a [[United States]] [[Awards and decorations of the United States military|military decoration]] awarded in the name of the [[President of the United States]] to those who have been wounded or killed while serving on or after [[5 April]] [[1917]] with the [[Military of the United States|U.S. military]].

====[[Music]]====

*[[Purple Rain]], song by [[Prince (musician)|Prince]]
*[[Start Wearing Purple]] is a song by [[gypsy punk]] band [[Gogol Bordello]].
*[[Deep Purple]] is a [[rock and roll|rock]] band.<ref>[http://www.deep-purple.com/ Official Deep Purple website]</ref>
*[[Deep Purple (song)|"Deep Purple" (song)]] is also the name of a popular song that was the favorite song of [[Babe Ruth]].
*"[[Purple People Eater]]" was one of the biggest rock and roll hits of 1958.<ref> [http://www.shebwooley.com/ppe.htm Lyrics and audio recording of the song Purple People Eater:]</ref>
*"[[Purple Haze]]" is one of the most popular songs by [[Jimi Hendrix]].<ref>[http://www.lyricsfreak.com/j/jimi+hendrix/purple+haze_20071539.html Lyrics to the Jimi Hendrix song Purple Haze:]</ref>
*Purple is the favorite color of the [[Pop music|pop]] [[celebrity]] [[Prince (musician)|Prince]]. His 1984 film and album ''[[Purple Rain (album)|Purple Rain]]'' is one of his best known works. The [[Purple Rain (song)|title track]] is Prince's [[signature song]] and is nearly always played in concert to this day. Prince encourages his fans to wear purple to his concerts.<ref> [http://prince.org/ Purple website for Prince fans:]</ref>
*[[Purple Ribbon Records]] is a [[Hip hop|hip-hop]] [[record label]] owned by rapper [[Big Boi]] of the rap duo [[Outkast]]. 2005 saw the release of the mixtape ''[[Got Purp? Vol 2]]'' featuring the [[Purple Ribbon All-Stars]] and other artists on the label.
*''[[Purple (album)|Purple]]'' is a 1994 album by the band [[Stone Temple Pilots]].
*''Purple Music, Inc'' is a company in [[Switzerland]] that produces [[house music]].<ref>[http://www.purplemusic.ch/index2.html Purple Music, Inc (Producers of House Music):]</ref>
* The [[New Riders of the Purple Sage]] is an American [[country rock]] band. The group emerged from the [[psychedelic rock]] scene in San Francisco in 1969, and its original lineup included members of the [[Grateful Dead]].
* Purple was [[Frank Zappa]]'s favorite color. <ref> There is a 1971 article in [[Life magazine]] called ''Rock Stars and Their Parents''. It shows Frank Zappa posing with his parents in his electric purple living room. </ref>
* [[The Purple Bottle]] is a song by [[noise pop]] band [[Animal Collective]] from their [[Feels]] album.
*Purple Radio is an internet radio station for musically obsessed people to share their favorite music

====[[Oenology]]====

* There is a [[winemaker]] in the [[Napa Valley AVA|Napa Valley]] of [[Northern California]] named Alex Cose who is with a company called the ''Purple Wine Co.'' that specializes in the production of [[wine]]s for [[restaurant]]s that is poured by the glass.<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/08/17/WII1R5HC9.DTL&type=printable The Purple Pinot Maker:]</ref>

====[[Parapsychology]]====

*People with purple [[Aura (paranormal)|auras]] are said to have a love of ritual and ceremony.<ref> [[Swami Panchadasi]] ''The Human Aura: Astral Colors and Thought Forms'' Des Plaines, Illinois, USA:1912--Yogi Publications Society Page 37</ref>

====[[Politics]]====

*In the [[politics in the Netherlands]], [[purple (government)|purple]] ("paars" in Dutch) means a government coalition of right-liberals and [[socialism|socialists]] (symbolized by blue and red, respectively), as opposed to the more common coalitions of the [[Christian democracy in the Netherlands|Christian-democratic]] center-party with one of the other two. From 1994 to 2002 there have been two purple cabinets.
*In [[United States]] [[politics]], a ''purple state'' is a state equally balanced between [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]s (normally symbolized by [[red]]) and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]s (normally symbolized as [[blue]])(See [[Red states and blue states#Purple states|red states and blue states]]).
*In [[United Kingdom|British]] [[politics]], purple is used to represent the [[United Kingdom Independence Party]], a eurosceptic party wanting to pull Britain out of the European Union

====[[Religious text]]====

* In the Byzantine Empire, [[Gospels|Gospel]] [[manuscript]]s were written in gold lettering on [[parchment]] that was colored Tyrian purple.<ref> Varichon, Anne ''Colors:What They Mean and How to Make Them'' New York:2006 Abrams Page 140 – This information is in the caption of a [[color printing|color]] illustration showing an [[8th Century]] manuscript page of the [[Gospel of Luke]] written in gold on Tyrian purple parchment. </ref>

====[[Rhyme]]====

*[[Robert Burns]] rhymes purple with "curple" in his Epistle to Mrs. Scott. Burns is, as far as we can tell, the only writer to have used the word. A curple refers to 1) the small of the waist before the flare of the hips or 2) a derriere, rump or behind.
* Curple is a word out of [[Scotland]], which refers to the hindquarters of a horse. The current Shorter OED lists 'curple' dating from 1591.
*In the song [[Grace Kelly]] by [[Mika (singer)|Mika]] the word purple is rhymed with "hurtful".
*In his hit song "[[Dang Me]]," [[Roger Miller]] sings these lines:
<blockquote>[[Rose]]s are [[red]], [[violet (plant)|violets]] are purple</br>
[[Sugar]] is sweet and so is [[maple syrup|maple surple]] ''[sic]''</blockquote>
* Hirple is a British word, which means "to walk lamely or hobble".
* A "Purple Nurple" is when one pinches the nipple of another person and twists, thus making it purple.

====[[Human sexuality|Sexuality]]====
Today the color purple is also known as a "pride" color among the [[gay]] community.
* At the [[24 June]] [[2007]] [[San Francisco Pride|San Francisco Gay Pride Parade]], [[Yahoo]] passed out 3 7/16" in diameter round plastic stickers with a picture of a gay man or woman imaged as one of the Yahoo Gay Pride [[Avatar (icon)|avatars]] against an [[Purple#Purple (HTML/CSS color)|HTML/CSS Purple]] background that said ''Out, Proud, and Purple''. <ref>[http://events.yahoo.com/pride07/ Yahoo Gay Pride Avatars:]</ref>
* In the mid [[1970]]s, there was a gay piano bar at 2223 Market St. between Noe and Castro in San Francisco called the ''Purple Pickle''. <ref> ''San Francisco Frontiers [Biweekly Gay] Newsmagazine'' Volume 15, Issue 4 June 20, 1996 Gay Pride Issue Pages 38-39 ''Can You Remember When?'' ''The List'' --List of Every Gay Bar that Ever Existed in San Francisco</ref>

====[[Science fiction]]====

* In the [[Star Trek]] [[Fictional universe|universe]], [[Klingon]]s have purple [[blood]].<ref>[[Rick Berman|Berman, Rick]] and Braga, Brannan (Creators of ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'') editors ''Glass Empires'' (Three Tales of the [[Mirror universe|Mirror Universe]]--''Age of the Empress'' by Karen Ward and Kevin Dilmore [ Story by Mike Sussman ]; ''Sorrows of [[Terran Empire|Empire]]'' by David Mack; ''The Worst of Both Worlds'' by Greg Cox) New York:2007 Pocket Books, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. (Trade Paperback) Page 363</ref>
* In the [[Star Wars]] universe, [[Jedi Master]] [[Mace Windu]] has a purple [[lightsaber]].
* [[Trance Gemini]] from [[Gene Roddenberry's Andromeda]] was purple in the first few seasons.

====[[Sports]]====

* The [[National Basketball Association]]'s [[Los Angeles Lakers]], [[Phoenix Suns]] and [[Sacramento Kings]] use purple as their primary color, though the Lakers formerly used the term "Forum Blue", in reference to their old arena [[The Forum]]. The [[National Hockey League]]'s [[Los Angeles Kings]] use purple as one of their primary colors. In [[Major League Baseball]], purple is one of the primary colors for the [[Colorado Rockies]]. In the [[National Football League]], the [[Minnesota Vikings]] and [[Baltimore Ravens]] use purple as main colors. The [[Australian Football League]]'s [[Fremantle Dockers]] use purple as one of their primary colors. In [[Association football]] (Soccer) Australian [[A-League]] Club [[Perth Glory]] use purple as one of their primary colors and Italian [[Serie A]] club [[Fiorentina]] use purple as their primary color.

====[[Transpersonal psychology]]====
* In [[1976]], a chart by [[Timothy Leary]] and [[Robert Anton Wilson]] called ''The Periodic Table of Energy'' outlining the [[philosophy]] of Dr. Timothy Leary (The [[Eight Circuit Model of Consciousness]])<ref> ''Leary’s 8 Calibre Brain'' Psychic Magazine April 1976 </ref>was given out by the ''Starflight Network'', a group in [[Berkeley, California]] that was founded by Robert Anton Wilson to promulgate Dr. Timothy Leary's philosophy. The Eighth or ''Psycho-Atomic'' Circuit was represented on the chart by the color ''psychedelic purple''. <ref> A black and white copy of the chart may be found at the front of the following book: Leary, Timothy - "Info-Psychology", New Falcon Publications. ISBN 1-56184-105-6 </ref>

====[[Video games]]====
* In the video game [[World of Warcraft]], items of an "Epic" quality (extremely rare items) are the color purple, and are often referred to as "Purples".


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Blue flag]]
*[[List of colors]]
* [[Blue movie]]
*[[Purpure]]
* [[Turquoise]]
* [[Distinguishing "blue" from "green" in language]]
* [[Engineer's blue]]
* [[Non-photo blue]]
* [[Lapis lazuli]], a blue stone
* [[List of colours]]
* ''[[Three Colors: Blue|Three Colours: Blue]]'', a film
* [[Blue ribbon]]
* [[St. Patrick's Blue]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}


{{sisterlinks|purple}}
==External links==
<!--See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref> tags-->
{{wiktionarypar|blue}}
{{commonscat|blue}}
{{reflist|2}}

*[http://www.sensationalcolor.com/content/view/1055/144/ All About the Colour Blue]
==Further reading==

*"The perception of color", from Schiffman, H.R. (1990) ''Sensation and perception: An integrated approach'' (3rd edition). New York: John Wiley & Sons.


== External links ==
{{EMSpectrum}}
*[http://www.sensationalcolor.com/content/view/1061/144/ All About The Color Purple]
{{web colors|colour}}
*[http://home.i1.net/~dwolfe/hexmixer/prplmx.html Hex Mixer Purple Color Chart]
{{Shades of blue|*}}
*[http://www.purple.com All About Purple Humor Website]


<!-- Navigational templates belong after external links-->
[[Category:Optical spectrum]]
{{web colors}}
[[Category:Symbols of California]]
{{Shades of violet}} <!--Yes, this is the correct name of the template; {{Shades of purple}} is a non-existent template-->


[[af:Blou (kleur)]]
[[arc:ܐܪܓܘܢܐ]]
[[ar:أزرق]]
[[ca:Porpra]]
[[an:Azul]]
[[de:Purpur (Farbe)]]
[[arc:ܙܪܩܐ]]
[[el:Μωβ]]
[[ast:Azul]]
[[es:Púrpura]]
[[gn:Hovy]]
[[eu:Gorrindol]]
[[ay:Larama]]
[[fr:Pourpre]]
[[az:Mavi]]
[[ko:자주색]]
[[hi:पर्पल]]
[[zh-min-nan:Nâ-sek]]
[[map-bms:Biru]]
[[id:Ungu]]
[[bs:Plava]]
[[it:Porpora]]
[[bg:Син цвят]]
[[he:סגול]]
[[ca:Blau]]
[[ja:紫]]
[[ce:Лилула-сийна]]
[[cs:Modrá]]
[[cy:Glas]]
[[pt:Púrpura (cor)]]
[[ru:Пурпурный цвет]]
[[da:Blå]]
[[pdc:Bloh]]
[[fi:Purppura]]
[[th:สีม่วง]]
[[de:Blau]]
[[et:Sinine]]
[[vi:Tía]]
[[el:Μπλε]]
[[tr:Mor (renk)]]
[[uk:Пурпурний колір]]
[[myv:Сэнь]]
[[es:Azul]]
[[zh:紫色]]
[[eo:Blua]]
[[eu:Urdin]]
[[fa:آبی]]
[[fr:Bleu]]
[[ga:Gorm]]
[[gan:藍]]
[[gl:Azul]]
[[hak:Làm-set]]
[[ko:파랑]]
[[hi:नीला]]
[[hr:Plava]]
[[id:Biru]]
[[is:Blár]]
[[it:Blu]]
[[he:כחול]]
[[jv:Biru]]
[[pam:Iro]]
[[kn:ನೀಲಿ]]
[[ht:Ble (koulè)]]
[[ku:Şîn]]
[[la:Caeruleus]]
[[lb:Blo]]
[[lt:Mėlyna]]
[[ln:Bozinga]]
[[hu:Kék]]
[[mk:Сина боја]]
[[mt:Ikħal]]
[[mr:निळा]]
[[ms:Biru]]
[[nah:Texohtic]]
[[nl:Blauw]]
[[ja:青]]
[[ce:Сийна]]
[[no:Blå]]
[[nn:Blå]]
[[nrm:Bliu]]
[[nds:Blau]]
[[pl:Barwa niebieska]]
[[pt:Azul]]
[[ro:Albastru]]
[[qu:Anqas]]
[[ru:Синий цвет]]
[[sa:नील]]
[[sco:Blue]]
[[simple:Blue]]
[[sk:Modrá]]
[[sl:Modra]]
[[sr:Плава боја]]
[[sh:Plavo]]
[[su:Paul]]
[[fi:Sininen]]
[[sv:Blå]]
[[tl:Asul]]
[[ta:நீலம்]]
[[te:నీలము]]
[[th:สีน้ำเงิน]]
[[vi:Xanh lam]]
[[tg:Кабуд]]
[[tr:Mavi]]
[[uk:Синій колір]]
[[ur:نیلا]]
[[wo:Baxa]]
[[yi:בלוי]]
[[zh-yue:藍]]
[[zh:藍色]]

Revision as of 15:44, 30 September 2008

For other uses, see the color.
Purple
 
Common connotations
royalty, imperialism, funk, nobility, and upper class
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#800080
sRGBB (r, g, b)(128, 0, 128)
HSV (h, s, v)(300°, 100%, 50%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(30, 68, 308°)
SourceHTML/CSS[1]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
A purple plasma ball.

Purple is a general term for the range of shades of color occurring between red and blue.[2] It is formed (in both subtractive pigment and additive light combinations) by mixing the primary colors red and blue in varying proportions, with possibly a very small quantity of the third primary color (green for light or yellow for pigment). There is disagreement over exactly which shades can be described as purple, some people preferring more precise terms such as magenta or heliotrope for particular shades. A difference in retinal sensitivity to red and blue light between individuals can cause further disagreement.

Purple is sometimes confused with the more narrowly-defined spectral color, violet.

In color theory, a 'purple' is defined as any non-spectral color between violet and red.

In art, purple is the color on the color wheel between magenta and violet and its tints and shades. This color, electric purple, is shown below.[3]

In human color psychology, purple is associated with royalty, regality, and nobility (stemming from its use in heraldry to denote gentry).

Etymology and definitions

spiny dye-murex

The word 'purple' comes from the Old English word purpul which originates from the Latin purpura. This in turn is derived from the Koine Greek πορφύρα (porphyra), name of the dye manufactured in Classical antiquity from the mucus-secretion of the hypobranchial gland of a marine snail known as the Murex brandaris or the spiny dye-murex.[4]

The first recorded use of the word 'purple' in English was in the year AD 975.[5]

The color regarded as the standard for purple has changed over the years, from Tyrian Purple in ancient times to Electric Purple today.

Purple versus violet

Main article: Violet (color)
Violet
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#8B00FF
sRGBB (r, g, b)(139, 0, 255)
HSV (h, s, v)(273°, 100%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(42, 134, 277°)
Source[Unsourced]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Violet is a spectral color (approximately 420–380nm), of a shorter wavelength than blue, while purple is a combination of red and blue or violet light. The purples are colors that are not spectral colors – purples are extra-spectral colors. In fact, purple was not present on Newton's color wheel (which went directly from violet to red), though it is present on modern ones, between red and violet. There is no such thing as the "wavelength of purple light"; it only exists as a combination.

The CIE xy chromaticity diagram

On the CIE xy chromaticity diagram, violet is on the curved edge in the lower left, while purples are the straight line connecting the extreme colors red and violet.

One interesting psychophysical feature of the two colors that can be used to separate them is their appearance with increase of light intensity. Violet, as light intensity increases, appears to take on a far more blue hue as a result of what is known as the Bezold-Brücke shift. The same increase in blueness is not noted in purples.

Violet cannot be reproduced by a Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color system, and must be simulated by a mixture of red and blue (purple). The shade of violet simulated in the color box above is just over halfway between magenta and blue on the color wheel.

Properties

On a chromaticity diagram, the straight line connecting the extreme spectral colors (red and violet) is known as the 'line of purples' (or 'purple boundary'); it represents one limit of human color perception. The color magenta used in the CMYK printing process is on the line of purples, but most people associate the term "purple" with a somewhat bluer shade. Some common confusion exists concerning the color names "purple" and "violet". Purple is a mixture of red and blue light, whereas violet is a spectral color.

Historical development of purple

Tyrian purple: Classical antiquity

Main article: Tyrian purple
Tyrian Purple
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#66023C
sRGBB (r, g, b)(102, 2, 60)
HSV (h, s, v)(325°, 98%, 40%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(21, 49, 346°)
SourceInternet
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
Byzantine Emperor Justinian I clad in Tyrian purple, 6th-century mosaic at Basilica of San Vitale

The actual color of Tyrian purple, the original color purple from which the name purple is derived, is the color of a dye made from a mollusk that, because of its incredible expense (many times more expensive than gold)[citation needed], in classical antiquity became a symbol of royalty because only the very wealthy could afford it. Therefore, Tyrian purple is also called imperial purple.

Tyrian purple may have been discovered as early as the time of the Minoan civilization. Alexander the Great (when giving imperial audiences as the emperor of the Macedonian Empire), the emperors of the Seleucid Empire, and the kings of Ptolemaic Egypt wore Tyrian purple. The imperial robes of Roman emperors were Tyrian purple trimmed in metallic gold thread. The badge of office of a Roman Senator was a stripe of Tyrian purple on their white toga.[6] Tyrian purple was continued in use by the emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire until its final collapse in 1453.

Han purple: Ancient China

Main article: Han Purple
Han Purple
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#5218FA
sRGBB (r, g, b)(82, 24, 250)
HSV (h, s, v)(255°, 90%, 98%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(37, 131, 269°)
SourceInternet
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Han purple is a type of artificial pigment found in China between 500 B.C. and 220 A.D.. It was used in the decoration of the Xian Terracotta Army.

Han purple is a purple in the sense that the term is used in colloquial English, i.e., it is a color between red and blue; however, it is not a purple in the sense that the term is used in color theory, i.e. a non-spectral color between red and violet on the line of purples on the CIE chromaticity diagram.

Royal purple: Medieval Europe

Royal Purple
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#6B3FA0
sRGBB (r, g, b)(107, 63, 160)
HSV (h, s, v)(267°, 61%, 63%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(36, 69, 280°)
SourceCrayola
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

This shade of purple is bluer than the ancient Tyrian purple.

In medieval Europe, blue dyes were rare and expensive,[7] so only the most wealthy or the aristocracy could afford to wear them. (The working class wore mainly green and brown.) Because of this (and also because Tyrian purple had gone out of use in western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476), Europeans' idea of purple shifted towards this more bluish purple known as royal purple because of its similarity to the royal blue worn by the aristocracy. This was the shade of purple worn by kings in medieval Europe.[citation needed]

Artists pigment purple (red-violet): 1930s

Main article: Red-violet
Medium violet red
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#C71585
sRGBB (r, g, b)(199, 21, 133)
HSV (h, s, v)(322°, 89%, 78%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(45, 98, 340°)
SourceX11
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

'Royal purple' (shown above) or the dark violet color known as vulgar purple[citation needed] is the common layman's idea of purple, but professional artists, following Munsell color system (introduced in 1905 and widely accepted by 1930), regard purple as being synonymous with the red-violet color shown at right, in order to clearly distinguish purple from violet and thus have access to a larger palette of colors[citation needed]. This red-violet color, called artist's purple by artists, is the pigment color that would be on a pigment color color wheel between pigment violet and pigment (process) magenta. In the Munsell color system, this color at the maximum chroma of 12 is called Red-Purple.

Artists pigments and colored pencils labeled as purple are colored the red-violet color shown at right.

Electric purple: 2000s

Electric Purple
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#BF00FF
sRGBB (r, g, b)(191, 0, 255)
HSV (h, s, v)(285°, 100%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(50, 133, 288°)
SourceColour Lovers
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

This color, electric purple, is precisely halfway between violet and magenta and thus fits the artistic definition of purple.[8]

Using additive colors such as those on computer screens, it is possible to create a much brighter purple than with pigments where the mixing subtracts frequencies from the component primary colors. The equivalent color on a computer to the pigment color red-violet shown above would be this electric purple, i.e. the much brighter purple you can see reproduced on the screen of an electronic computer. This color is pure purple conceived as computer artists conceive it, as the pure chroma on the computer screen color wheel halfway between electric violet and electric magenta. Thus, electric purple is the purest and brightest purple that it is possible to display on a computer screen.

Computer web color purples

Purple (HTML/CSS color)

Purple (HTML/CSS color)
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#800080
sRGBB (r, g, b)(128, 0, 128)
HSV (h, s, v)(300°, 100%, 50%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(30, 68, 308°)
SourceHTML/CSS[1]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

This purple used in HTML and CSS actually is deeper and has a more reddish hue (#800080) than the X11 color purple shown below as purple (X11 color) (#A020F0), which is bluer and brighter.

This color may be called HTML/CSS purple.

Purple (X11 color)

Purple (X11 color)
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#A020F0
sRGBB (r, g, b)(160, 32, 240)
HSV (h, s, v)(277°, 87%, 94%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(45, 123, 283°)
SourceX11
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

At right is displayed the color purple, as defined in the X11 color, which is a lot brighter and bluer than the HTML purple shown above.

See the chart Color names that clash between X11 and HTML/CSS in the X11 color names article to see those colors which are different in HTML and X11.

This color can be called X11 purple.

Medium purple (X11)

Medium Purple
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#9370DB
sRGBB (r, g, b)(147, 112, 219)
HSV (h, s, v)(260°, 49%, 86%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(55, 83, 276°)
SourceX11
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Displayed at right is the web color medium purple.

This color is a medium shade of the bright X11 purple shown above.

Additional variations of purple

Orchid

Main article: Orchid (color)
Cattleya labiata
Orchid
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#DA70D6
sRGBB (r, g, b)(218, 112, 214)
HSV (h, s, v)(302°, 49%, 85%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(63, 80, 310°)
SourceX11
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The color orchid is a light shade of purple. The name 'orchid' originates from the flowers of some species of the vast orchid flower family, such as Laelia furfuracea and Ascocentrum pusillum, which have petals of this color.

Heliotrope

Main article: Heliotrope (color)
Heliotropium arborescens
Heliotrope
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#DF73FF
sRGBB (r, g, b)(223, 115, 255)
HSV (h, s, v)(286°, 55%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(66, 102, 295°)
Source[Unsourced]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The color heliotrope is a brilliant shade of purple.

Heliotrope is a pink-purple tint that is a representation of the color of the heliotrope flower.

Psychedelic purple

Psychedelic purple
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#DD00FF
sRGBB (r, g, b)(221, 0, 255)
HSV (h, s, v)(292°, 100%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(55, 134, 297°)
SourceColour Lovers
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The pure essence of purple was approximated in pigment in the late 1960s by mixing fluorescent magenta and fluorescent blue pigments together to make fluorescent purple to use in psychedelic black light paintings. This shade of purple was very popular among hippies and was the favorite color of Jimi Hendrix, therefore it is called psychedelic purple. It is shaded somewhat more toward the magenta than electric purple and it is displayed in the color box at right.

In the 1980s there was a Jimi Hendrix Museum in a Victorian house on the east side of Central Ave. one half block south of Haight Street in the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco which was painted this color.

Mulberry

Mulberry
 
About these coordinates     Colour coordinates
Hex triplet#C54B8C
sRGBB (r, g, b)(197, 75, 140)
HSV (h, s, v)(328°, 62%, 77%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(50, 77, 341°)
SourceCrayola
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The color mulberry is displayed at right. This color is a representation of the color of mulberry jam or pie. This was a Crayola crayon color from 1958 to 2003.

The first recorded use of Mulberry as a color name in English was in 1776.[9]

Pansy purple

Pansy Purple
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#78184A
sRGBB (r, g, b)(120, 24, 74)
HSV (h, s, v)(329°, 80%, 47%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(27, 54, 346°)
SourceISCC-NBS
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
Purple Pansy

The pansy flower has varieties that exhibit three different colors: pansy (a deep shade of violet), pansy pink, and pansy purple.

The first recorded use of Pansy Purple as a color name in English was in 1814.[10]

Tokyo purple

Tokyo Purple
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#5A004A
sRGBB (r, g, b)(90, 0, 74)
HSV (h, s, v)(311°, 100%, 35%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(19, 41, 323°)
SourceVexillological
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
Flag of Tokyo

Tokyo purple is the color of the flag of the prefecture of Tokyo in the Kantō region of Japan. This shade of dark purple has been associated with Tokyo (formerly called Edo) since ancient times. [11]

Purple in nature

Plants

Animals

Purple in human culture

Anti-Apartheid Movement

Astronomy

  • One of the stars in the Pleiades, called Pleione, is sometimes called Purple Pleione because, being a fast spinning star, it has a purple hue caused by its blue-white color being obscured by a spinning ring of electrically excited red hydrogen gas.[12]

Billiard games

  • Purple is the color of the ball in Snooker Plus with a 10-point value.

Calendars

  • Purple is associated with Saturday on the Thai solar calendar. Anyone may wear purple on Saturdays and anyone born on a Saturday may adopt purple as their color.

Comedy

Dance

  • The Purple Moon Dance Project is a dance group in San Francisco.[14]

Fraternities and sororities

Heraldry

  • Porpora, or purpure, was not one of the usual tinctures in European heraldry, being added at a late date to bring the number of tinctures plus metals to seven, so that they could be given planetary associations. The classic early example of purpure is in the coat of arms of the Kingdom of León: argent, a lion purpure, as early as 1245.

History

  • Byzantine empresses gave birth in the Purple Chamber of the palace of the Byzantine Emperors. Therefore, being named Porphyrogenitus ("born to the purple") marked a dynastic emperor as opposed to a general who won the throne by his effort.
  • In China, the Chinese name of the Forbidden City literally means "purple forbidden city" 紫禁城 with first character 紫 meaning purple (even though the Chinese Emperor himself wore yellow, which was considered in China to be the imperial color).

Holocaust

Literature

  • Alice Walker, author of The Color Purple, said, "Womanist is to feminist as purple is to lavender."
  • As a result of its association with royalty and luxury, the term 'purple' is often used to describe pretentious or overly embellished literature. For example, a paragraph containing an excessive number of long and unusual words is called a purple passage (see Purple prose).

Microbiology

Military

Music

Oenology

Parapsychology

  • People with purple auras are said to have a love of ritual and ceremony.[24]

Politics

Religious text

Rhyme

  • Robert Burns rhymes purple with "curple" in his Epistle to Mrs. Scott. Burns is, as far as we can tell, the only writer to have used the word. A curple refers to 1) the small of the waist before the flare of the hips or 2) a derriere, rump or behind.
  • Curple is a word out of Scotland, which refers to the hindquarters of a horse. The current Shorter OED lists 'curple' dating from 1591.
  • In the song Grace Kelly by Mika the word purple is rhymed with "hurtful".
  • In his hit song "Dang Me," Roger Miller sings these lines:

Roses are red, violets are purple
Sugar is sweet and so is maple surple [sic]

  • Hirple is a British word, which means "to walk lamely or hobble".
  • A "Purple Nurple" is when one pinches the nipple of another person and twists, thus making it purple.

Sexuality

Today the color purple is also known as a "pride" color among the gay community.

Science fiction

Sports

Transpersonal psychology

Video games

  • In the video game World of Warcraft, items of an "Epic" quality (extremely rare items) are the color purple, and are often referred to as "Purples".

See also

References

  1. ^ a b W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, HTML4 color keywords
  2. ^ Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.:1984--Merriam-Webster Page 957
  3. ^ Graham, Lanier F. (editor) The Rainbow Book Berkeley, California:1976 Shambala Publishing and The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (Handbook for the Summer 1976 exhibition The Rainbow Art Show which took place primarily at the De Young Museum but also at other museums) Portfolio of color wheels by famous theoreticians—see Rood color wheel (1879) Page 93
  4. ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary".
  5. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, second edition
  6. ^ Tyrian Purple in Ancient Rome:
  7. ^ Varichon, Anne Colors: What They Mean and How to Make Them New York:2006 Abrams Page 161
  8. ^ Graham, Lanier F. (editor) The Rainbow Book Berkeley, California:1976 Shambala Publishing and The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (Handbook for the Summer 1976 exhibition The Rainbow Art Show which took place primarily at the De Young Museum but also at other museums) Portfolio of color wheels by famous theoreticians—see Rood color wheel (1879) Page 93 Purple is halfway between magenta and violet
  9. ^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 199; Color Sample of Mulberry: Page 119 Plate 48 Color Sample E9
  10. ^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 201; Color Sample of Pansy Purple: Page 131 Plate 54 Color Sample L8
  11. ^ Flags of the World website—Flag of Tokyo (see description of flag underneath picture of flag):
  12. ^ Barnett, Lincoln and the editorial staff of Life The World We Live In New York:1955--Simon and Schuster--Page 284
  13. ^ Home page for The Purple Onion:
  14. ^ Purple Moon Dance Project website:
  15. ^ Bibelforshcer—The German name for “Jehovah’s Witnesses”:
  16. ^ Early Earth Was Purple, Study Suggests:
  17. ^ Official Deep Purple website
  18. ^ Lyrics and audio recording of the song Purple People Eater:
  19. ^ Lyrics to the Jimi Hendrix song Purple Haze:
  20. ^ Purple website for Prince fans:
  21. ^ Purple Music, Inc (Producers of House Music):
  22. ^ There is a 1971 article in Life magazine called Rock Stars and Their Parents. It shows Frank Zappa posing with his parents in his electric purple living room.
  23. ^ The Purple Pinot Maker:
  24. ^ Swami Panchadasi The Human Aura: Astral Colors and Thought Forms Des Plaines, Illinois, USA:1912--Yogi Publications Society Page 37
  25. ^ Varichon, Anne Colors:What They Mean and How to Make Them New York:2006 Abrams Page 140 – This information is in the caption of a color illustration showing an 8th Century manuscript page of the Gospel of Luke written in gold on Tyrian purple parchment.
  26. ^ Yahoo Gay Pride Avatars:
  27. ^ San Francisco Frontiers [Biweekly Gay] Newsmagazine Volume 15, Issue 4 June 20, 1996 Gay Pride Issue Pages 38-39 Can You Remember When? The List --List of Every Gay Bar that Ever Existed in San Francisco
  28. ^ Berman, Rick and Braga, Brannan (Creators of Star Trek: Enterprise) editors Glass Empires (Three Tales of the Mirror Universe--Age of the Empress by Karen Ward and Kevin Dilmore [ Story by Mike Sussman ]; Sorrows of Empire by David Mack; The Worst of Both Worlds by Greg Cox) New York:2007 Pocket Books, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. (Trade Paperback) Page 363
  29. ^ Leary’s 8 Calibre Brain Psychic Magazine April 1976
  30. ^ A black and white copy of the chart may be found at the front of the following book: Leary, Timothy - "Info-Psychology", New Falcon Publications. ISBN 1-56184-105-6

Further reading

  • "The perception of color", from Schiffman, H.R. (1990) Sensation and perception: An integrated approach (3rd edition). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purple&oldid=242022025"