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*19 October 1992: The [[Croatian flag]] was raised on the [[police station]] in [[Prozor]] town, located in the northern part of Herzegovina.<ref name="ICTY: Prlić et al. (IT-04-74)">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/prl-ii040304e.htm|title=ICTY: Prlić et al. (IT-04-74)}}</ref>
*19 October 1992: The [[Croatian flag]] was raised on the [[police station]] in [[Prozor]] town, located in the northern part of Herzegovina.<ref name="ICTY: Prlić et al. (IT-04-74)">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/prl-ii040304e.htm|title=ICTY: Prlić et al. (IT-04-74)}}</ref>


*19-26 October 1992: The conflict between HVO and Bosnian Army broke out again in Novi Travnik when the HVO attacked a Bosnian Army unit in the [[fire brigade]] building. It is assumed that the cause of the conflict was a demand by the HVO to be allowed to take over the Bratstvo [[factory]] which the Bosnian Army refused.<ref>ICTY - Kordic and Cerkez Judgement - 1. Conflict in Novi Travnik [http://www.un.org/icty/kordic/trialc/judgement/kor-tj010226e-4.htm#IIIB1]</ref>
*19-26 October 1992: The conflict between HVO and [[Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnian Army]] (ARBiH) broke out again in [[Novi Travnik]] when the HVO attacked a Bosnian Army unit in the [[fire brigade]] building. It is assumed that the cause of the conflict was a demand by the HVO to be allowed to take over the Bratstvo [[factory]] which the Bosnian Army refused.<ref>ICTY - Kordic and Cerkez Judgement - 1. Conflict in Novi Travnik [http://www.un.org/icty/kordic/trialc/judgement/kor-tj010226e-4.htm#IIIB1]</ref>


*20 October 1992: The HVO took-over [[Vitez]] [[police station]] and expelled the Bosnian Muslim [[police officer]]s.<ref>ICTY - Kordic and Cerkez Judgement - 3. After the Conflict [http://www.un.org/icty/kordic/trialc/judgement/kor-tj010226e-4.htm#IIIB3]</ref>
*20 October 1992: The HVO took-over [[Vitez]] [[police station]] and expelled the Bosnian Muslim [[police officer]]s.<ref>ICTY - Kordic and Cerkez Judgement - 3. After the Conflict [http://www.un.org/icty/kordic/trialc/judgement/kor-tj010226e-4.htm#IIIB3]</ref>

Revision as of 21:53, 11 June 2009

This is a chronology of the Croat-Bosniak war of 1992-1994, based on the evidence presented in ICTY trials and other reliable sources.

1991

March

November

  • 12 November 1991: Croatian political leaders in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mate Boban and Dario Kordić signed a document about a common Croatian state: "the Croatian people in Bosnia and Herzegovina must finally embrace a determined and active policy which will realise our eternal dream – a common Croatian state".[2]

1992

April

  • April 1992: Anto Valenta, a Croat leader in the Vitez municipality in the Lašva Valley, told the municipality's Bosniak representatives that they should take their orders from the self-proclaimed Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia.[4]
  • 10 April 1992: Mate Boban decreed that the Bosnian Territorial Defence (TO)[5], which had been created the day before, was illegal on self-proclaimed Croat territory.[2]
  • 21 April 1992: Croatian Crisis Staff took over the powers of the Kiseljak Municipal Assembly, although under the constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, only the Municipal Assembly is entitled to exercise those powers, which lead to many discriminatory measures against the Bosnian Muslim authorities and population in Kiseljak.[6]

May

  • 10 May 1992: Croats issued an ultimatum to all Bosnian military units in Busovača calling on them to surrender their weapons and to place themselves under Croat command.[11]
  • 22 May 1992: Bosnian state organs in the Busovača municipality were abolished. Bosniaks were forced to sign an act of allegiance to the Croat authorities, fell victim to numerous attacks on shops and businesses and, gradually, left the area out of fear that they would be the victims of mass crimes.[11]

June

  • June 1992: Croat military formations took over the headquarters in Vitez and the Municipal Assembly building and raised the flags of Herzeg-Bosnia and of Croatia.[4]
  • 15 June 1992: Croatian Crisis Staff imposed the Croatian dinar "on the territory of the Kiseljak municipality as the currency of account" and ordered that "all commercial service companies [were] obliged to display the prices of products and services in Croatian dinars".[6]
  • 18 June 1992: Bosnian Territorial Defence in Novi Travnik received an ultimatum from the HVO which included demands to abolish existing Bosnia and Herzegovina institutions, establish the authority of the Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia and pledge allegiance to it, subordinate the Territorial Defense to the HVO and expel Muslim refugees, all within 24 hours.[12]
  • June 1992: Bosniaks in the lower part of Novi Travnik were given ultimatums by Croat soldiers to leave within 24 hours. Bosniaks were subjected to killings, rape and other mistreatment.[14]
  • 15-20 June 1992: Military troops from Croatia, called Garavi and Frankopani started to arrive in Gornji Vakuf, a town of strategic importance at a crossroads en route to Central Bosnia. Garavi unit numbered between 60 and 65 members.[15]
  • 20 June 1992: Croat forces opened fire from the lower part of Gornji Vakuf on the part of the town inhabited by Bosnian Muslims. In the meantime, the Garavi unit set up a check-point and started arresting people.[16]

July

August

  • August 1992: The HVO launched attacks on the villages of Duhri, Potkraj, Radanovići and Topole in the municipality of Kiseljak, which involved more violent incidents, including setting fire to homes where Bosnian Muslims lived and vandalising their businesses.[18]
  • 9 August 1992: Blaž Kraljević was killed by HVO soldiers, which severely weakened the moderate group of Croats who hoped to keep the alliance with Bosniaks alive.[19]
  • 18 August 1992: Colonel Tihomir Blaškić, who was in charge of the Central Bosnia Operative Zone (CBOZ) of the HVO, ordered that swearing-in ceremonies for the HVO forces should take place.[20]
  • August 1992: In Travnik, Dario Kordić and Ignac Koštroman addressed Croat troops with the message that those who do not wish to live in the Croatian provinces of Herzeg-Bosnia are all enemies and must be fought with both political and military means.[21]
  • August 1992: In Vitez, the gist of Kordić’s speech was a statement to the Muslims of the Lašva Valley that this was Croat land and that they had to accept it.[22]

September

  • 5 September 1992: Presidency of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) in Travnik stated that the Croats in the municipality refused unitary State of Bosnia and Herzegovina and accepted only the HVO government. [23]
  • 30 September 1992: Croat leadership in Kakanj municipality met with Dario Kordić, as Vice-President of Herzeg-Bosnia, who stated that they would not take Kakanj by force but it would be given to them because Muslims were losing morale and they wouldn't be strong enough to confront realisation of the Croatian political platform. [25]

October

  • 19-26 October 1992: The conflict between HVO and Bosnian Army (ARBiH) broke out again in Novi Travnik when the HVO attacked a Bosnian Army unit in the fire brigade building. It is assumed that the cause of the conflict was a demand by the HVO to be allowed to take over the Bratstvo factory which the Bosnian Army refused.[26]
  • 23 October 1992: Croat forces attacked Bosnian Muslims in Prozor town and started ethnic cleansing which included different form of violence. [28][29]
  • 24 October 1992: Croat forces attacked Paljike, a predominantly Bosniak village approximately one kilometer south of Prozor town, deliberately destroyed houses and property, killed some of the villagers, and the next day transferred the others to the Ripci primary school where Bosnian Muslims from Prozor were detained.[3]
  • 24 October 1992: On the evening, an area HVO commander reported that Prozor town was "ethnically pure" and "the Muslim population having been detained or having fled".[3]

November

  • 4 November 1992: Jajce, a town north-east of Travnik, which had been under siege by the Serb forces and which was defended by a combined Bosniak and Croat force, had fallen, releasing a flood of refugees into the area of Travnik and Zenica.[30]

December

  • December 1992: The Croat forces had taken control of the municipalities of the Lašva Valley and had only met significant opposition in Novi Travnik and Ahmići. Much of Central Bosnia therefore was in the hands of the Croat forces. [31]

1993

1994

References

  1. ^ "ICTY: Naletilić and Martinović verdict - A. Historical background".
  2. ^ a b c "ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993t". {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f "ICTY: Prlić et al. (IT-04-74)".
  4. ^ a b "ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - a) The municipality of Vitez". {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  5. ^ Later to become the Army of Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  6. ^ a b "ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 c) The municipality of Kiseljak". {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  7. ^ "IT-04-74-T, the Prosecutor versus Prlic et al" (HTML). pub. 2 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-25. Q. And in reference to the Graz Agreement of May 1992, what was your understanding, and the understanding of the international community, so 16664 far as you knew, of where this agreement left the Muslim people in Bosnia and Herzegovina?
    A. Well, it -- it left them really nowhere.
    Q. And can you tell the Judges in scanning through this agreement is there anyplace on the face of this document where any discussion is made about a Muslim territory or what part that Muslims would be left with?
    A. No. There's no mention of the Muslim community.
  8. ^ Blaine Harden (Issue 26 : Friday, May 8, 1992). "Warring Factions Agree on Plan to Divide up Former Yugoslavia" (HTML). The Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-09-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ Pg 24 - Lee Bryant (Autumn 1993). "The Betrayal of Bosnia" (PDF). Centre for the Study of Democracy: University of Westminster. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
    Miloš Vasi_, "Two against one in Bosnia", WarReport (January 1993),p. 8-9.
  10. ^
    		Blaž Kraljević "Ero"
  11. ^ a b "ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - b) The municipality of Busovača". {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  12. ^ ICTY - Kordic and Cerkez judgment - II. PERSECUTION: THE HVO TAKE-OVERS B. Novi Travnik - [1]
  13. ^ ICTY - Kordic and Cerkez judgment - II. PERSECUTION: THE HVO TAKE-OVERS B. Novi Travnik - [2]
  14. ^ "ICTY: Kordić and Čerkez verdict - II. Persecution: D. Persecution in the Municipalities". {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  15. ^ "IT-04-74-T, the Prosecutor versus Prlic et al" (HTML). pub. 31 October 2006. Between the 15th and the 20th, a unit arrived from Croatia in the region of Gornji Vakuf. The unit was known as Garavi. It numbered between 60 and 65 members, and on the 19th or the 18th of June, 1992, the Frankopani unit was deployed in Gornji Vakuf, and the commander, with members of his command, were put up in the hotel where the unit was put up, in the secondary school centre and in the department store. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |quote= at position 256 (help)
  16. ^ "IT-04-74-T, the Prosecutor versus Prlic et al" (HTML). pub. 31 October 2006. On the 20th of June, 1992, in the afternoon, between 1440 and 1500 hours, the HVO from the lower part of the town opened fire on the part of the town inhabited by majority Muslim population. In the meantime, the unit Garavi in location Karamustafic set up a check-point and started arresting and taking people to a meadow that had a wire fence around it, and that is where people were stopped, searched, identified, and held.
  17. ^ ICTY - Kordic and Cerkez judgment - II. PERSECUTION: THE HVO TAKE-OVERS C. The HVO Take-Over in Other Municipalities - [3]
  18. ^ ICTY - Blaskic Judgement - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - c) The municipality of Kiseljak [4]
  19. ^ Sarajevo, i poslije, Erich Rathfelder, München 1998 [5]
  20. ^ ICTY: Kordic and Cerkez Judgement - III. EVENTS LEADING TO THE CONFLICT - A. July – September 1992 - 1. The Role of Dario Kordic - [6]
  21. ^ ICTY: Kordic and Cerkez Judgement - III. EVENTS LEADING TO THE CONFLICT - A. July – September 1992 - 1. The Role of Dario Kordic - [7]
  22. ^ ICTY: Kordic and Cerkez Judgement - III. EVENTS LEADING TO THE CONFLICT - A. July – September 1992 - 1. The Role of Dario Kordic - [8]
  23. ^ ICTY: Kordic and Cerkez Judgement - III. EVENTS LEADING TO THE CONFLICT - A. July – September 1992 - 1. The Role of Dario Kordic - [9]
  24. ^ ICTY - Kordic and Cerkez Judgement - 2. Ruling of the BiH Constitutional Court [10]
  25. ^ "ICTY: Kordic and Cerkez Judgement - III. EVENTS LEADING TO THE CONFLICT - A. July – September 1992 - 1. The Role of Dario Kordic". On 30 September 1992 Kordic, as Vice-President of HZ H-B, was present at a meeting of the Presidency of the Kakanj HVO, a neighbouring municipality to Vares. The minutes of the meeting record Kordic as saying that the HVO was the government of the HZ H-B and what they were doing with the HZ H-B was the realisation of a complete political platform: they would not take Kakanj by force but "it is a question of time whether we will take or give up what is ours. It has been written down that Vares and Kakanj are in HZ H-B. The Muslims are losing morale and then it will end with 'give us what you will'".
  26. ^ ICTY - Kordic and Cerkez Judgement - 1. Conflict in Novi Travnik [11]
  27. ^ ICTY - Kordic and Cerkez Judgement - 3. After the Conflict [12]
  28. ^ "SENSE Tribunal: ICTY - EVICT, BURN AND EXPEL". The Prozor main street was "a mess", there were signs of shelling everywhere, almost every fifth house had been burned down, and the soldiers were busy looting the shops. In those events in Prozor, Vuillamy recognized the "pattern of ethnic cleansing" he had seen as a war correspondent in the operations the Serb forces had launched in eastern Croatia and north-western Bosnia. He summed up the pattern as follows for the judges: "Evict them, burn them and expel them!"
  29. ^ SENSE Tribunal: ICTY - “THE MOST POWERFUL MEN IN THE HERCEG BOSNA PROJECT” ON TRIAL - [13]
  30. ^ ICTY - Kordic and Cerkez Judgement - 3. After the Conflict [14]
  31. ^ ICTY - Kordic and Cerkez Judgement - 3. After the Conflict [15]
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