Smolensk air disaster: Difference between revisions
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| {{VAT}} || In a telegram sent by the Secretary of State of the Holy See Cardinal [[Tarcisio Bertone]] to Bronisław Komorowski (Acting President of the Republic of Poland) [[Pope Benedict XVI]] expressed his sadness and solidarity with the Polish people.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/25388.php?index=25388&lang=en | title = 'Vatican website'}}</ref> |
| {{VAT}} || In a telegram sent by the Secretary of State of the Holy See Cardinal [[Tarcisio Bertone]] to Bronisław Komorowski (Acting President of the Republic of Poland) [[Pope Benedict XVI]] expressed his sadness and solidarity with the Polish people.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/25388.php?index=25388&lang=en | title = 'Vatican website'}}</ref> |
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=== International organizations === |
=== International organizations === |
Revision as of 22:54, 10 April 2010
This article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses, and initial news reports may be unreliable. The latest updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. (April 2010) |
Accident | |
---|---|
Date | 10 April 2010[1] |
Summary | Under investigation[1] |
Site | 1.5 km short of runway at Smolensk-North air base[2] 54°49′31.19″N 32°3′10.28″E / 54.8253306°N 32.0528556°E |
Aircraft | |
Aircraft type | Tupolev Tu-154 |
Operator | 36 SPLT, Polish Air Force |
Registration | 101 |
Flight origin | Frédéric Chopin Airport, Warsaw, Poland |
Destination | Smolensk Military ("Smolensk-North") air base Smolensk, Russia |
Passengers | 89 |
Crew | 7 |
Fatalities | 96 (all) |
On 10 April 2010, a Tupolev Tu-154M aircraft of the Polish 36th Special Aviation Regiment crashed near Smolensk-North air base, just north of Smolensk, Russia, killing the President of Poland Lech Kaczyński and other Polish officials, including the chief of staff and senior military officers, the central bank governor, deputy foreign minister and dignitaries in the government, vice-speakers and members of the upper and lower houses of the parliament and senior members of clergy of various denominations, on their way to mark the 70th anniversary of the Katyn massacre.[3]
The cause of the crash is under investigation and details still unconfirmed. News agencies reported that the pilot attempted four times to land in heavy fog, ignoring the advice of the ground control to divert to a safer airport in Minsk or Moscow. On the fourth attempt the plane struck trees 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) from the airfield and smashed into pieces across the wooded area.
All 96 people aboard died. It was among the biggest disasters in Polish history, and the most deadly aircraft crash since July 2009.
Accident
The plane carrying the Polish President Lech Kaczyński, a Tupolev Tu-154M,[4] crashed at 10:56 MSD, (08:56 CEST, 06:56 UTC),[5] near Smolensk, Russia. President Kaczyński was due to visit Smolensk to mark the 70th anniversary of the Katyn massacre.[5] The flight had departed from Warsaw's Frédéric Chopin Airport and was bound for Smolensk.[6] The aircraft was carrying 88 passengers and 8 crew, according to the Ministry of Emergency Situations. An 89th passenger, presidential aide Zofia Kruszyńska-Gust, felt sick just before the trip and did not board the plane.
The crash occurred in foggy conditions (500 metres (1,600 ft) visibility) about 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) from the airfield, about 300 to 400 metres (1000 ft) off the landing path,[7] after the pilots attempted a go-around.[8] The base was closed because of thick fog and the pilot was advised by flight control to land in Moscow or Minsk; however he decided to continue with the original flight plan and the crash occurred on the fourth approach after three failed attempts.[9][10] The cause of the crash was initially attributed to crew error and investigators and criminal law experts were dispatched to the crash site.[11][12][13] In 2008, a different pilot of Kaczyński's plane was threatened with dismissal when he refused to land the aircraft in Tbilisi during the South Ossetian war between Georgia and Russia.[14]
The Governor of Smolensk Oblast, Sergey Antufiyev, confirmed that there were no survivors in the crash. The plane, which was reported to have been flying at a very low altitude, clipped trees and crashed into the ground.[5] Russian state television reported that the Tu-154M jet crashed about a kilometre short of the runway on its fourth attempt to land in heavy fog at the Smolensk-Severnyi military airfield, shortly before 11 a.m. Moscow time. Pictures from the scene showed parts of the airplane charred and strewn through a wooded area. Some pieces, including one of the wheel wells, were upside-down.[5]
Russian and Polish officials said 97 people were aboard, including the president and his wife, as well as other top officials, though Russian officials and media gave varying figures for the number of dead.[15]
Accident and its aftermath, a chronology
According to TVN24, all the post-tragedy events took place in the following order[16]:
- 05.23 GMT - aircraft takes off from Warsaw
- 06.56 GMT - plane crashes
- before 07.00 GMT - first unofficial information
- 07.26 GMT - Ministry of Foreign Affairs informs about the accident
- 07.36 GMT - Rescue crew extinguishes the fire and starts to pull out the victims off the aircraft
- 07.41 GMT - Russian Ministry informs that 87 people died in the crash
- 07.49 GMT - Polish Goverment Information Centre informs that Prime Minister Donald Tusk is on his way from Gdańsk to Warsaw
- 07.54 GMT - Smolensk District Governor informs that nobody survived the accident
- 08.08 GMT - Ministry of Foreign Affairs PR officer informs that most likely nobody survived the accident
- 08.15 GMT - President of Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev calls up a special committee supervised by Vladimir Putin to investigate the reasons of tragedy
- 08.25 GMT - Bronisław Komorowski, Speaker of The House arrives in Warsaw
- 08.36 GMT - PR officer of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs informs that presumably Lech Kaczyński and his wife have died in the accident
- 08.41 GMT - Russian Investigation Committee informs that Polish aircraft contained 132 people
- 08.55 GMT - Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs confirms that nobody has survived
- 09.06 GMT - Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs officially confirms that all people in the aircraft have died
Putin and Medvedev promised Tusk they would work closely with Poland in investigating the crash. Initial signs pointed to an accident, possibly due to the fog that is very common in the area in spring and fall, as well as pilot error.
Both black boxes have been found. Preliminary data indicated that the plane hit the treetops as it was making the approach to the airport in poor visibility, the ITAR-Tass news agency quoted Marina Gridneva, an official with the Russian general prosecutor's office, as saying. [17]
Investigation
Within hours after the crash, the President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev announced the establishment of a special commission for the investigation of the accident. The commission will be supervised by the Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.[18][19][20] An Investigation Committee of the Prosecutor General of Russia started a criminal case in accordance with a "violation of the safety rules" of the Russian Criminal Code.[21]
Around 11:53 UTC on the day of the crash, the recovery of the first "black box" flight recorder was confirmed by Sergey Shoygu, the Russian Minister of Emergency Situations. The second was found at about 15:45 UTC.[22]
Initial theories
History of the aircraft
The aircraft, Tupolev Tu-154M construction number 90A837, was manufactured at Kuibyshev aviation plant (№18) on 29 June 1990 for the Polish Air Force.[23]
Several hours after theories about the weather and pilot error were floated, the BBC reported that questions about the 20-year-old aeroplane were being raised: "in late 2008 Kaczynski had suffered a couple of scares. Problems with the aircraft's steering mechanism delayed his departure from Mongolia, forcing him to take a charter flight to Tokyo. (...) However, the aircraft had recently undergone a major overhaul and Aleksey Gusev, the head of the maintenance plant that carried out the work, told Polish TV that it should not have had technical problems."[24] According to a Polish military magazine the airplane was serviced in December 2009 at the manufacturer and received 5-year/7500-flight-hour warranty; the crash happened just after 138 flight hours.[25] Paul Duffy, an expert on Russian aviation, stated in 2004 that in 28 crashes of the Tu-154 up to then, few were due to technical failure, and the hull-loss rate was normal for the number in service, the amount of years it has been operated, and for the technology of the aircraft.[24]
Pilot ignoring advice from air traffic control
Reuters claimed that the pilot of the jet had 'ignored advice'. A mission control operator spoke anonymously to the agency, saying "The pilot was advised to fly to Moscow or Minsk because of heavy fog, but he still decided to land. No one should have been landing in that fog."[26]
Alexandr Aleshin, the First Deputy Chief of the Main Staff of the Russian Air Force, said that the plane increased its descent rate and went below the glide slope 1.5 km (0.93 mi) from the runway. Controllers instructed the pilot to abort the approach; when he did not, controllers advised the aircraft to return to the reserve landing point. This order was repeated several times but the crew continued with the approach and crashed.[27]
Lack of ILS at air base
The Smolensk-North air base, a formerly fully military air base now in mixed military and civilian use, does not have an instrument landing system[28] that would make a landing in dense fog a routine operation; the military cargo airplanes which were operated out of it can land and take-off without ILS, with only basic landing support in normal mode.
Political aftermath
According to the Polish Constitution, on the President's death his duties were taken on by the Marshal of the Sejm (Speaker of the lower house of the Polish parliament) — currently Bronisław Komorowski, who thus became the Acting President of Poland.[29] Within fortnight, Komorowski must announce the date of popular presidential election to be held within further 60 days on a weekend, i. e. before 20 June. Kaczyński was up for re-election in late September or early October, before the end of his first five-year term.[30]
Despite the deaths of the president and numerous government officials, the crash is not expected to adversely impact the activities of the Polish government, since no cabinet ministers were aboard the plane. However, the Polish military may have been dealt a severe blow, since all of its senior commanding officers were killed in the crash.
Reaction in Poland
The Polish public reacted with shock and grief to the disaster. Almost immediately after the news broke, mourners assembled before the presidential palace in Warsaw to lay hundreds of tributes, including flowers, wreaths, and candles. Elsewhere in Warsaw, Poles taped black ribbons to their front windows. It was reported that many villages, such as Gorzno, were practically deserted while their residents stayed home to watch coverage of the tragedy on television. Komorowski, as acting president, called for a two-minute moment of silence on 11 April, and formally declared a national week of mourning.
In Kraków, the Zygmunt bells of the Wawel Cathedral -- which are only rung in times of profound grief -- was tolled by twenty monks.
Former president Aleksander Kwaśniewski told TVN24 that “It is a cursed place. It sends shivers down my spine. First the flower of the Second Polish Republic is murdered in the forests around Smolensk, now the intellectual elite of the Third Polish Republic die in this tragic plane crash when approaching Smolensk airport.”[31]
According to the Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk: "The contemporary world has not seen a tragedy of such proportions".[32]
Former Polish Prime Minister Leszek Miller, who had himself suffered injuries in a helicopter crash while in office, said that Poland's aircraft were known to be in need of replacement. "I once said that we will one day meet in a funeral procession, and that is when we will take the decision to replace the aircraft fleet," he said.[33]
Reaction in Russia
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and Prime Minister Vladimir Putin expressed their condolences to the acting President and speaker of the parliament, Bronislaw Komorowski.[34] Chairman of International Committee of the State Duma Konstantin Kosachev said that "Katyn claimed yet more victims". Chairman of the State Duma Boris Gryzlov has expressed condolences.[35] 12 April 2010 will be a national day of mourning in Russia.
Notable passengers
According to the flight manifest, on board were, amongst others:[36][37][38]
Presidential and governmental figures
- Lech Kaczyński, President of Poland
- Maria Kaczyńska, First Lady of Poland
- Mariusz Handzlik, Undersecretary of State in the Office of the President of the Republic of Poland
- Ryszard Kaczorowski, the last President of the Polish government-in-exile
- Andrzej Kremer, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Tomasz Merta, Deputy Minister of Culture
- Sławomir Skrzypek, President of the National Bank of Poland
- Władysław Stasiak, Chief of the Office of the President of the Republic of Poland
- Aleksander Szczygło, Head of the National Security Bureau
- Paweł Wypych, Secretary of State in the Office of the President of the Republic of Poland
Military figures
- Lieutenant General Andrzej Błasik, Commander of the Polish Air Force
- Major General Tadeusz Buk, Commander of the Polish Land Forces
- General Franciszek Gągor, Chief of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces
- Vice Admiral Andrzej Karweta, Commander of the Polish Navy
- Stanislaw Komorowski, Deputy Minister of National Defence
- Lieutenant General Bronislaw Kwiatkowski, Commander of the Polish Armed Forces Operational Command
- Major General Włodzimierz Potasiński, Commander of the Polish Special Forces
- Brigadier General Kazimierz Gilarski, Commander of the Warsaw Garrison
Six of the seven highest military commanders (the Commander-in-Chief - President, the Chief of the General Staff and all four Branch Commanders) of the Polish Armed Forces were killed at once. The Minister of Defence, Bogdan Klich, was not on the plane.
Senate members
- Krystyna Bochenek, Deputy Speaker of the Senate
- Janina Fetlińska
- Stanisław Zając
Sejm members
- Leszek Deptuła
- Grzegorz Dolniak
- Grażyna Gęsicka
- Przemysław Gosiewski
- Izabela Jaruga-Nowacka
- Sebastian Karpiniuk
- Aleksandra Natalli-Świat
- Krzysztof Putra, Deputy Speaker of the Sejm
- Arkadiusz Rybicki
- Jerzy Szmajdziński, Deputy Speaker of the Sejm
- Jolanta Szymanek-Deresz
- Zbigniew Wassermann
- Wiesław Woda
- Edward Wojtas
Religious figures
- Archbishop Miron Chodakowski, Orthodox Ordinary of the Polish Army
- Tadeusz Płoski, bishop of the Military Ordinariate of the Polish Army
- Ryszard Rumianek, Rector of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University
- Bronisław Gostomski, Reverend of St Andrew Bobola Polish Church in London[39][40]
Others
- Janusz Kochanowski, Polish Ombudsman for Citizen Rights
- Janusz Kurtyka, historian and President of the Institute of National Remembrance
- Piotr Nurowski, President of the Polish Olympic Committee
- Maciej Płażyński, President of the Polish Community Association, former Speaker of the Sejm
- Andrzej Przewoźnik, Secretary-General of the Council for the Protection of Struggle and Martyrdom Sites
- Anna Walentynowicz, one of major activists of the free trade union Solidarity in the late 1970s and early 1980s
- Janusz Zakrzeński, actor
International response
Reaction in Ireland
The island of Ireland has a significant Polish population.[41] The Polish community of Northern Ireland held a vigil at Belfast City Hall on 10 April 2010 and President Kaczyński will be remembered at a Mass at St Anthony's Church in East Belfast on 11 April 2010.[42] The Polish community of Ireland has also held vigils to mourn the loss of President Kaczyński.[43] Candles and flowers were laid outside the Polish Embassy in Dublin and the Dominican Champlaincy on Dorset Street, Dublin held an afternoon vigil, while the Polish Ambassador to Ireland, Tadeusz Szumowski, will go to 12:30 Mass at St Audoen's Church on 11 April 2010.[44]
Countries
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International organizations
Organisation | Response |
---|---|
European Union | European Parliament
Jerzy Buzek of Poland, the President of the European Parliament, expressed his condolences. José Manuel Barroso of Portugal, the President of the European Commission said: "I express my deep condolences to Poland for the passing away of President Kaczyński, his wife and all those with them under such tragic circumstances on their way to mark the 70th anniversary commemoration of the Katyn massacres. I have worked very closely with President Kaczyński, in a spirit of loyalty, and I respected in him a very determined Polish patriot who at the same time was very committed to our European Union and to the values of freedom and solidarity. The European Commission joins me in this moment in the expression of sympathy and tribute."[129] The High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Catherine Ashton of the United Kingdom expressed her condolences to Polish Foreign Minister Radosław Sikorski. She told Sikorski: "I would like to send my heartfelt condolences to the people of Poland and express our solidarity with you at this very difficult and sad time. In particular, I want to express my sympathies to the family and friends of those who died."[130] Herman Van Rompuy, the President of the European Council, said: "I am deeply upset by the news of the death of President Lech Kaczyński, his spouse and several senior Polish officials and representatives in a plane accident this morning. I knew President Kaczyński personally from several meetings in the European Council and in Warsaw and am saddened by his death. Poland lost a great patriot and head of state. His political commitment was to serve the Polish people." He added: "I want to express my heartfelt condolences to the families of the president and of the other victims, to Prime Minister Tusk and to the Polish people. I wish to convey to them the support of the European Union in these extremely painful circumstances."[131] Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank expressed his "sincerest condolences to the families of all the victims of this terrible accident" on behalf of the ECB’s General Council, the ECB’s Executive Board and in his personal capacity. He said his thoughts are with the people of Poland. He added: "The General Council of the ECB deeply regrets the loss of its highly esteemed member, Mr Sławomir Skrzypek, President of Narodowy Bank Polski. We will remember Sławomir as a good friend and a dedicated professional, who made valuable contributions to the work of the General Council.”[132] |
International Monetary Fund | IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn issued statement in which he states that he is shocked and saddened byt this terrible news and that IMF thoughts and deepest condolences are with the people of Poland [133] |
INTERPOL Interpol | INTERPOL Secretary General Ronald K. Noble expressed his condolences to people of Poland on behalf of the world police community [134] |
NATO | Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen extended his condolences: "On behalf of all of NATO, and myself personally, I express my most profound condolences to the people of Poland, and to the families of President and Mrs Kaczynski and all those who have died in this terrible accident. This is a tragedy for them and for Poland. My thoughts are with them today."[69] |
UEA | General secretary of the World Esperanto Association Osmo Buller expressed his condolences [135] |
United Nations | Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon was shocked and extended his deep and heartfelt condolences to the people of Poland and the families of those who perished. Ban said President Kaczyński had served his country and people with distinction and conviction. He called the fact that he was en route to an event marking a new level of reconciliation between Poland and Russia particularly poignant.[136] |
OECD | Secretary General of OECD José Ángel Gurría expressed his condolences [137] |
OSCE | OSCE Chairperson-in-Office expressed his condolences [138] |
FIFA | FIFA President Joseph S. Blatter expressed his sadness and said "On behalf of the worldwide football family, I have extended my condolences and deepest sympathy to the Prime Minister of Poland, the President of the Polish Football Federation, the Secretary General of the Polish Olympic Committee at this harrowing time, and wish them strength and fortitude for the challenging days that lie ahead." The flag of Poland as well as the flags of FIFA and UEFA have been lowered to half-mast at the home of FIFA.[139] |
UEFA | UEFA president Michel Platini has expressed his sadness at the death of Poland's president Lech Kaczyński and Polish government officials. Mr Platini said: "I was shocked and saddened to hear of the tragic accident. I wish to express my support at this difficult time to our football partners the Polish Football Federation and its president Grzegorz Lato, with whom we are preparing the organisation of UEFA Euro 2012 together with the Polish government." [140] |
See also
- Aircraft crash of Polish prime minister Sikorski, 1943
- Aircraft crash of Macedonian president Trajkovski, 2004
- List of Poland disasters by death toll
References
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External links
- Current events from April 2010
- Aviation accidents and incidents in 2010
- 2010 in Poland
- 2010 in Russia
- Aviation accidents and incidents in Russia
- Accidents and incidents involving airliners
- Accidents and incidents involving the Tupolev Tu-154
- Aviation accidents and incidents involving state leaders
- Polish Air Force
- Poland–Russia relations
- Smolensk Oblast
- Katyn Massacre