Utica, New York: Difference between revisions
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*[http://www.uticarememberwhen.com/ Utica Remember When] |
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*[http://www.archive.org/stream/nationalmagazine21brayrich#page/455/mode/1up 1905 Magazine Article with photos] |
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/nationalmagazine21brayrich#page/455/mode/1up 1905 Magazine Article with photos] |
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*[http://stateofthereunion.com/home/season-2-2/utica Utica Featured on NPR's State of the Re:Union] |
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Revision as of 18:50, 24 June 2011
Utica | |
---|---|
City | |
![]() Looking south on Utica's Genesee Street | |
Nickname(s): Handshake City, Renaissance City, Second Chance City | |
![]() Location of Utica in the State of New York | |
Country | United States |
State | New York |
County | Oneida |
Incorporated | 1832 |
Government | |
• Type | Mayor-Council |
• Mayor | David Roefaro (D) |
• Common Council | Members' List |
Area | |
• Total | 16.6 sq mi (43.0 km2) |
• Land | 16.3 sq mi (42.3 km2) |
• Water | 0.3 sq mi (0.7 km2) |
Elevation | 456 ft (139 m) |
Population (2010) | |
• Total | 62,235 |
• Density | 3,710.0/sq mi (1,432.4/km2) |
Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
ZIP codes | 13500-13599 |
Area code | 315 |
FIPS code | 36-76540 |
GNIS feature ID | 0968324 |
Utica is a city in and the county seat of Oneida County, New York, United States.Template:GR The population was 62,235 at the 2010 census, a slight increase of 2.6% from the 2000 census.
The city of Utica is situated within the region referred to as the Mohawk Valley in Central New York. Utica has an extensive park system, with winter and summer sports facilities. Utica and the neighboring city of Rome are principal cities of the Utica–Rome, New York Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Oneida and Herkimer counties.
Geography and climate
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The Erie Canal, the Mohawk River, and the New York State Thruway pass through the north part of the city. The city is adjacent to the border of Herkimer County, New York.
Utica is located in the Mohawk River Valley region of New York State.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 16.6 square miles (43.0 km²), of which, 16.4 square miles (42.3 km²) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.7 km²) (1.57%) is water.
Utica has a humid continental climate, which is characterized by cold winters and moderate summers.
Daytime highs during the summer are generally between 75 °F (24 °C) and 85 °F (29 °C), with some days not reaching 70 °F (21 °C) being common. Summer nights usually bottom out somewhere between 50 °F (10 °C) and 60 °F (16 °C). The all time highest recorded temperature for the city was 100 °F (38 °C), which occurred on July 19, 1953.
Winters in Utica are very cold and snowy, as the area is susceptible to Lake effect snow from the Great Lakes to the west. An example of typical wintertime snowfall amounts is presented below. Daytime highs during the wintertime are typically observed at or just above freezing (32 °F to 35 °F/0 °C to 2 °C), with some days not reaching 25 °F (-4 °C). Winter nights will see temperatures drop to settle between 10 °F (-12 °C) and 20 °F (-7 °C). Temperatures in the single digits or below zero are not uncommon for winter nights in Utica. The all time lowest recorded temperature in the city was -28 °F (-33 °C), which occurred once on February 18, 1979 and again on January 12, 1981.
Season | Snowfall Total (in) |
Season | Snowfall Total (in) |
Season | Snowfall Total (in) |
Season | Snowfall Total (in) |
Season | Snowfall Total (in) |
Season | Snowfall Total (in) |
Season | Snowfall Total (in) |
Season | Snowfall Total (in) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2008-2009 | 1998-1999 | 84.6 | 1988-1989 | 60.2 | 1978-1979 | 119.5 | 1968-1969 | 100.0 | 1958-1959 | 67.6 | 1948-1949 | 75.3 | 1938-1939 | 71.5 | |
2007-2008 | 95.0 | 1997-1998 | 108.1 | 1987-1988 | 71.7 | 1977-1978 | 106.0 | 1967-1968 | 68.4 | 1957-1958 | 67.1 | 1947-1948 | 79.4 | 1937-1938 | 38.0 |
2006-2007 | 132.6 | 1996-1997 | 123.5 | 1986-1987 | 85.1 | 1976-1977 | 137.4 | 1966-1967 | 91.1 | 1956-1957 | 54.7 | 1946-1947 | 105.9 | 1936-1937 | 56.2 |
2005-2006 | 106.8 | 1995-1996 | 165.7 | 1985-1986 | 99.7 | 1975-1976 | 107.1 | 1965-1966 | 108.5 | 1955-1956 | 109.3 | 1945-1946 | 41.4 | 1935-1936 | 62.4 |
2004-2005 | 93.4 | 1994-1995 | 74.6 | 1984-1985 | 73.3 | 1974-1975 | 97.7 | 1964-1965 | 87.2 | 1954-1955 | 84.6 | 1944-1945 | 96.5 | 1934-1935 | 48.9 |
2003-2004 | 121.4 | 1993-1994 | 173.6 | 1983-1984 | 85.3 | 1973-1974 | 114.4 | 1963-1964 | 101.2 | 1953-1954 | 64.8 | 1943-1944 | 63.5 | 1933-1934 | 67.0 |
2002-2003 | 139.0 | 1992-1993 | 123.5 | 1982-1983 | 45.6 | 1972-1973 | 102.1 | 1962-1963 | 91.5 | 1952-1953 | 51.2 | 1942-1943 | 66.5 | 1932-1933 | 32.4 |
2001-2002 | 57.5 | 1991-1992 | 63.5 | 1981-1982 | 74.4 | 1971-1972 | 151.3 | 1961-1962 | 60.0 | 1951-1952 | 72.2 | 1941-1942 | 31.5 | 1931-1932 | 61.2 |
2000-2001 | 157.0 | 1990-1991 | 56.1 | 1980-1981 | 58.1 | 1970-1971 | 186.5 | 1960-1961 | 70.0 | 1950-1951 | 56.8 | 1940-1941 | 47.0 | 1930-1931 | 47.7 |
1999-2000 | 67.7 | 1989-1990 | 92.4 | 1979-1980 | 55.7 | 1969-1970 | 118.9 | 1959-1960 | 67.2 | 1949-1950 | 92.3 | 1939-1940 | 71.4 | 1929-1930 | 61.1 |
Source: NBC-WKTV 2[1]
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1820 | 2,972 | — | |
1830 | 8,323 | 180.0% | |
1840 | 12,782 | 53.6% | |
1850 | 17,565 | 37.4% | |
1860 | 22,529 | 28.3% | |
1870 | 28,804 | 27.9% | |
1880 | 33,914 | 17.7% | |
1890 | 44,007 | 29.8% | |
1900 | 56,383 | 28.1% | |
1910 | 74,419 | 32.0% | |
1920 | 94,156 | 26.5% | |
1930 | 101,740 | 8.1% | |
1940 | 100,518 | −1.2% | |
1950 | 100,489 | 0.0% | |
1960 | 100,410 | −0.1% | |
1970 | 91,611 | −8.8% | |
1980 | 75,632 | −17.4% | |
1990 | 68,637 | −9.2% | |
2000 | 60,651 | −11.6% | |
2010 | 62,235 | 2.6% |
As of the 2010 census,Template:GR there were 62,235 people residing in the city. The population gain since 2000 represented a reversal of over 40 years of population decline. As of the 2000 census, the population density was 3,710.0 people per square mile (1,432.3/km²). There were 29,186 housing units at an average density of 1,785.3 per square mile (689.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 79.42% White, 12.92% African American, 0.28% Native American, 2.21% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 2.16% from other races, and 2.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.79% of the population.
There were 25,100 households out of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.5% were married couples living together, 16.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.3% were non-families. 37.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the city the population was spread out with 24.1% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $24,916, and the median income for a family was $33,818. Males had a median income of $27,126 versus $21,676 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,248. About 19.8% of families and 24.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.0% of those under age 18 and 12.1% of those age 65 or over.
Government
The city government consists of a mayor who is elected at large. The Common Council consists of nine members. Six are elected from single member wards. The other three are elected at large.
History
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Utica_NY_c1909_LOC_pan_6a14200.jpg/600px-Utica_NY_c1909_LOC_pan_6a14200.jpg)
Early history
Utica is located where it is because it was next to the shallowest spot along the Mohawk River that made it the best place for fording across. Also due to an Iroquois Indian crossroads and fording location it made trade exceedingly easy for local merchants. With a shallow spot on the river and that as already inhabited by trading partners, the location was ideal for a settlement.[2]
Utica was first settled by Europeans in 1773, on the site of Fort Schuyler which was built in 1758. The fort was named Fort Schuyler after Col. Philip Schuyler, a hero of the French and Indian War. After the French and Indian War the fort was abandoned and then during the American Revolution the original settlement (Yunę́ʼnare·θ[3] in Tuscarora) was destroyed by Tories and Native Americans. The settlement eventually became known as Old Fort Schuyler when a military fort in nearby Fort Stanwix in Rome, New York, was renamed Fort Schuyler during the American Revolution and evolved into a village.
In 1794, a road was built to Albany, New York known as State Road. By 1797 the road was extended and completed to the Genesee River and the full road was known as it is now, Genesee Road. The creation of the Seneca Turnpike was the first significant factor in the growth and development of Utica, as this small settlement became the resting and relocating area on the Mohawk River for goods and people moving into Western New York and past the Great Lakes.[4]
Moses Bagg, a blacksmith, built a small tavern near Old Fort Schuyler to accommodate weary travelers waiting for their horse's shoes to be repaired. After just a few years this small shanty tavern became a two story inn and pub known as Bagg's Hotel. The first bridge over the Mohawk River was erected in the summer of 1792 by a Long Island carpenter who had settled in Utica, Apollos Cooper, although local and regional architects that had seen the bridge were very skeptical to use it, and the bridge was soon destroyed in the spring floods.[5]
The perhaps apocryphal account of Utica's naming suggests that around a dozen citizens of the Old Fort Schuyler settlement met at the Bagg's Tavern to discuss the name of the emerging village. Unable to settle on one particular name, Erastus Clark's entrant of "Utica" was drawn from several suggestions, and the village thereafter became associated with Utica, Tunisia, the ancient Carthaginian city.
Utica was incorporated as a village in 1798. Utica expanded its borders in subsequent charters in 1805 and 1817.[6] Expansion and growth continued to occur in Utica; by 1817 the population had reached 2,860 people. Genesee Street was packed with shops and storefronts, a prosperous stagecoach line had expanded its business, a fully established bank was founded by Alexander Johnson, a newspaper company The Utica Observer established by William McLean, five churches as well as two hotels were all located within this center square of Utica.[2]
Origins of street names
Utica's history can be evidenced in various street names. For example, Moses Bagg built a tavern in 1794 that became the center of all village activity. From this square came four streets: Southward, a trail that once connected the Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Seneca lands, became a road that led to Genesee country. To the east of Bagg Square, there was the Main Street of Utica which sprouted First, Second, and Third streets as the settlement grew.
To the west there was the road to Whitesboro. A shortcut was built in 1795 to facilitate the movement of stagecoaches coming from the west to Utica's Hotel, which the Holland Land Company funded. To the north, there was a street running along a river which during the spring would flood, earning the name Water Street. Heading northward from the Square, one would find himself at Deerfield Corners; from there he could go west along Riverside, northbound to Trenton (through land once owned by the Weaver family, or along Dr. Alexander Coventry's, the village's first physician, property.) East of Deerfield Corners one would travel along the road where General Herkimer led his troops to the Battle of Oriskany.
Once the land known as Cosby Manor, situated along the Mohawk River, was surveyed by John Bleeker, son of Rutger Bleeker - an original owner of the lands - the southern side was further divided into separate plots. To distinguish this set of plots from the land belonging to General Bradstreet's progeny, Division Street came into being. In the initial developments of the Bleeker property, the land was surveyed to its southernmost point at South street and as far west as West street. The streets within the property became named after Rutger Bleeker's family: Catherine Bleeker, his wife; Elizabeth Brinckerhoff, Mary Miller, Blandina Dudley, and Sarah Bleeker, his daughters; John Bleeker, his son; Morris Miller, his son-in-law, and Horatio Seymour, his grandson-in-law.
John Lansing was an executor of Rutger Bleeker's will. Charlotte and Neilson are believed to be related to the family somehow but by undetermined links.[2]
Italians in Utica
The largest nationality group of the great migration to America between 1880 and 1920, Italians trace their presence in Utica to the arrival of Dr. John B. Marchisi in 1817. A prosperous pharmacist, he was the first of thousands of Italians to arrive in Oneida County over the next century.
Centered around the parishes of St. Mary of Mount Carmel and St. Anthony of Padua, Italian life and culture flourished, spreading throughout the county to cities, towns and small villages alike. While the immigrants arriving in the great migration usually found jobs in the local textile mills, brickyards, construction companies and unskilled manufacturing occupations, numerous entrepreneurs soon began small businesses running the spectrum of economic activity from push-cart peddlers and olive oil merchants to haberdashers, bankers and insurance agents. Italian language newspapers such as Il Pensiero Italiano, La Luce, and Il Messagero dell'Ordine, along with the humorous Il Pagliaccio and various organizational and cultural publications reflected the richness of Italian life in Oneida County. The Italian population was also served for more than ten years by the "Italiannaires Program", hosted by Rena Bonapart, on WIBX radio.[7]
From a small group of early immigrants, the Italian community rapidly grew to political prominence, forming an important voting block in elections as early as 1888. By 1910 Italians were being regularly elected to office in Utica, while historians generally credit the East Utica Italian community as the spark that ignited Franklin D. Roosevelt's campaign for governor of New York in 1928. From the early 1940s the Italian community has played a dominant role in Utica and area politics.
Welsh in Utica
Utica witnessed the development of one of the largest and certainly the most influential Welsh community in the United States. Suffering from poor harvests in 1789 and 1802 and dreaming of land ownership, the initial settlement of five Welsh families soon attracted other agricultural migrants, settling Steuben, Utica and Remsen townships. Adapting their traditional agricultural methods, the Welsh became the first to introduce dairying into the region and Welsh butter became a valued commodity on the New York market. Drawing on the size of the local ethnic community and the printing industry of Utica became the cultural center of Welsh-American life by 1830. The Welsh-American publishing industry included 19 different publishers who published 240 Welsh language imprints, 4 denominational periodicals and the influential newspaper Y Drych. However, the Welsh community in Utica was never very large and was often dwarfed by other ethnicities, most notably the Italians and the Polish.
Erie Canal & Textile era
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/UticaNY_1855.jpg/220px-UticaNY_1855.jpg)
Utica's location on the Erie Canal stimulated its industrial development. The middle section of the Canal, from Rome to Salina, was the first portion to open in 1820. The Chenango Canal, connecting Utica and Binghamton, opened in 1836, and provided a further stimulus for economic development by providing water transportation of coal from Northeast Pennsylvania.
Utica was well positioned to benefit from the Erie Canal, the civil engineering marvel of its time. Utica’s population with the creation of the canals began to skyrocket. The population began to increase threefold over a span of ten years since the first section of the canal opened in 1819. Utica was the virtual half-way point for canal travelers, thus making the town the perfect stop-over point. During the planning stage of the canal the cotton looms that would make Utica famous were in their infancy, and a vigorous real estate market in the town had ballooned lot prices tenfold since 1800. An anonymous traveler noted that by 1829, about five years after the canal's completion, Utica had become "a really beautiful place . . . [and Utica's State Street] in no respect inferior to [Broadway] in New York." Utica, along with other burgeoning towns such as Syracuse, would benefit from the fact that the Erie Canal ran directly through town.[8]
By the late 19th century, Utica had become a transportation hub and a commercial center of considerable note, but was not like the heavy industrial towns in New England. Utica, in particular, was limited in its capability to produce industrial goods because the Mohawk River did not run fast enough to turn the industrial machines. Upon investigating the New England style of steam production, they found how to use coal in their manufacturing. Now with the recently completed Chenango Canal that connected Utica to the coal field in Pennsylvania, there was a vast supply readily available. Because of the Embargo Act of 1807 that cut off the English textile production, the Northeast had a firm grasp on the textile industry. With investments from local entrepreneurs Utica’s textile industry was starting to really take off.[9]
The city still served as a Northeast crossroads, hosting the day's most celebrated personalities. Samuel Clemens lectured to a sold-out Utica crowd in 1870, where Clemens noted in personal correspondence that he brought down the house "like an avalanche."[10] It was during this time that Utica hosted the 1884 New York State Republican Convention, an event covered in great detail in Edmund Morris' Pulitzer Prize winning biography The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, in which Morris describes Utica at this time as "a shabby canal-town in the middle of the Mohawk Valley.".[11] Senator Roscoe Conkling, a leading GOP lawmaker of the Stalwart political faction, resided in the city at this time, and figured as the region's most historically significant politician until local native James Schoolcraft Sherman was elected the 27th Vice President of the United States, serving under President William Howard Taft.
Loom to boom era
In the wake of the demise of the textile industry, Utica became a major player in the tool and die industry, which thrived in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, eventually declining in the late 20th century. Like the textile industry before it, the machine tool industry largely forsook Utica for the American South, with one notable example being The Chicago Pneumatic Company, which shuttered its extensive manufacturing facility in Utica in 1997 and relocated to Rock Hill, South Carolina.
By the mid-20th century, virtually all of the textile mills closed and migrated to the American South. In the 1930s through the 1950s Utica became nationally if not internationally known as "Sin City" for the extent of its corruption and control by the political machine of Rufus P. Elefante.[12][13][14]
In the early and mid-20th century, Utica had become a major manufacturing center for radios, manufactured by the General Electric company, which, at one time, employed some 8,000 workers there, and was once known as: "The radio capital of the world." However, by the mid-1960s, General Electric had moved its radio manufacturing to the Far East. In the early 1990s, GE's Light Military Electronics operation in Utica was sold to Lockheed Martin and soon closed altogether.
Organized Crime in Utica
Utica, from the turn of the 20th century, probably even to a lesser extent even to today, is and was a center for organized crime. [15] It was a city where rackets were and are reputedly controlled by the Buffalo Cosa Nostra family and at least three other families, including the Scranton, Colombo, and Genovese family which had and likely still have a local presence. At least three Uticans attended the infamous Appalachian mafia summit.[16] Utica was a battleground in the late 1970s and early 80s when the Buffalo Family was weakened after the death of Boss Stefano Magaddino[17] and other families and influences jockeyed for power and influence, and multiple gangland style homicides took place between 1979 and 1986. More recently in the 1990s, the infamous "Falange Crew" (A group who seemed to have highly unusual multiple and somewhat ambiguous ties to the Buffalo, Scranton, and Colombo families) ran the rackets, until they were decimated by federal indictments and convictions. [15]
Rust Belt era
Like many industrial towns and cities in the northeastern Rust Belt, Utica has experienced a major reduction in manufacturing activity in the past several decades, and is in serious financial trouble; many public services have been curtailed to save money. Suburban Utica, particularly the towns of New Hartford and Whitesboro, have begun to experience suburban sprawl; this is common in many Upstate New York cities, which are suffering from what the Sierra Club termed "sprawl without growth," although recently notable efforts have been made to revitalize the Downtown and Oneida Square areas of Utica by planning the construction of quality apartment housing. The city's economy is heavily dependent on commercial growth in its suburbs, a trend that is characterized by development of green sites in neighboring villages and does little to revitalize the city itself. Because of the decline of industry and employment in the post-World War II era, Utica became known as "The City that God Forgot." In the 1980s and early 1990s, some of Utica's residents could be seen driving cars with bumper stickers that read "Last One Out of Utica, Please Turn Out The Lights," clearly taking a more humorous stand on their city's rapid population loss and continued economic struggles.
Utica in the 21st century
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Utica_Railroad_Station.jpg/220px-Utica_Railroad_Station.jpg)
City leaders and local entrepreneurs tried to build on the city's losses. In 1996 the former GE-Lockheed facility was purchased by Oneida County's Industrial Development Association for lease to ConMed Corporation (founded by Utica local Eugene Corasanti) for use as a manufacturing facility and the company's worldwide headquarters, bringing 500 new jobs to the area.[18] The Boehlert Center at the newly restored, historic Union Station in downtown Utica is a regional transportation hub for Amtrak and the Adirondack Scenic Railway. Next door to Union Station is The Children's Museum of History, Science & Technology, a 5 story building built in the 1890s.
Despite the obvious economic growth in its suburbs, downtown Utica continues to be the focus of regional economic revitalization efforts, most notably in the area of arts and entertainment. Anchored by the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute, the construction of a new home for the Players of Utica, and the recent expansion of the historic Stanley Theatre, the Oneida Square Arts District is becoming a vibrant neighborhood once again. The popularity of Utica College Pioneer Men's Division III Hockey continue to attract people to a downtown that was quite desolate in the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s. Night life in Utica has been significantly affected with Utica Monday Nite and the recent Saranac Thursday Night party with proceeds being donated to the United Way. Since its inception in 1998, the festivities, which include beer, soft drinks, food, and live music, has continued to draw thousands to Utica's westside brewery district, invigorating nearby taverns and eateries.
Recognizing this trend, current Mayor David Roefaro gave Utica the moniker "Renaissance City." [19] In 2010, Roefaro fulfilled a campaign promise and delivered the City's first Comprehensive Master Plan in over 50 years. http://www.uticamasterplan.org/
Roefaro has also been working to "green" the city and develop a sustainability plan by partnering with a Cornell University program called, “Rust To Green." http://www.rust2green.org/ R2G is an action-research and service-learning project to get faculty and students working together with local community partners in Upstate NY cities to encourage sustainable urban development. The program builds on the findings of the Brookings Institution’s 2007 report entitled “Restoring Prosperity: The State Role in Revitalizing America's Older Industrial Cities”. Among its findings, the report concludes, “Given their assets, the moment is ripe for the revival of older industrial urban economies… Older industrial cities possess a unique set of characteristics and resources that, if fully leveraged, could be converted into vital competitive assets.” The authors analyzed New York State’s older industrial cities, and determined that seven of them - Albany, Binghamton, Buffalo, Rochester, Schenectady, Syracuse and Utica - had “a range of existing assets that, if fully leveraged, would serve as a platform for their renewal.” Two of these cities, Utica and Binghamton, were selected by Cornell University as the pilot sites, and in February 2010 the City of Utica convened its first meeting of the Rust to Green Utica core team. Rust To Green Utica launched New york State's first local Food Policy Council in 2010.
21st Century immigrant influx
The arrival of a large number of Bosnian immigrants over the past several years has stanched a population loss that had been steady for more than three decades.[20] Bosnian immigrants now constitute about 10% of the total population of Utica. Other recent immigrant groups have arrived from Somalia, Cambodia, Thailand, Burma (Myanmar) and Iraq.
This influx of refugees from many war-torn nations and politically oppressive regimes has drawn mainstream national media attention, from The New York Times (see citation above) to Reader's Digest. Reader's Digest dubbed Utica the "Second Chance City" in an article chronicling the crucial role that immigrants have traditionally played in invigorating Utica's political, economic, and social life; the article argues that Utica now hosts thousands of immigrants that have taken advantage of the city's social services benefits, welfare, public and private sector affordable housing, and entry-level skilled manufacturing jobs to start a new life, a trend that began nearly thirty years ago.[21] In a cover story in their 2005 REFUGEES Magazine, the United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) wrote an extensive article on refugees in Utica, titling the publication, "The Town That Loves Refugees".[22]
Arts, history, and culture
- The Children’s Museum — Open throughout the year, The Children's Museum of History, Natural History, Science and Technology is a hands-on learning center with emphasis on local history, environmental science, the arts, and space science that attracts local visitors and global tourists. Located in the historic Baggs Square East section of downtown Utica, the five story brick building, constructed in 1890, was originally a dry goods company. Four of its floors, each 6,000 square feet (560 m2), contain hundreds of interactive exhibits. It is a NYS and Federally designated historic building. Among the most popular of its hundred of interactive exhibits are a life-size wooden train, an LED dance floor, live radio and weather rooms, a real airplane which children can explore, and a large HO and Lionel train exhibit visitors can operate via foot pedals.[23]
- The Landmarks Society of Greater Utica —
- National Distance Running Hall of Fame — On July 11, 1998, a hall of fame was established to honor the athletes who have lent their names and achievements to defining the sport of distance running.
- Mohawk Valley Ballet —
- Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute — Founded in 1919 as "an artistic, musical and social center", The Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Museum of Art features a renowned permanent collection, rotating exhibitions and community art education for adults, teens and children. The Institute is named for three generations of one Utica family, whose philanthropy and civic pride is still enjoyed today. The campus, located on 10 acres (40,000 m2) in downtown Utica, features a variety of restored historic homes surrounding an International-style gallery building (circa 1960) designed by world famous architect Philip Johnson (who considered it to be his finest work), and Fountain Elms a superb Victorian-era Italianate mansion, once the home of the Williams family. These landmark buildings were connected by the construction of the Education Wing in 1995 and both are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 2000, PrattMWP was opened to offer a nationally accredited college program in association with Pratt Institute of Brooklyn and Manhattan.
- Oneida County Historical Society — Founded in 1876, The Oneida County Historical Society collects and commemorates the history of Central New York in general and County of Oneida in particular.
- Players of Utica —
- Sculpture Space — Sculpture Space is unique in North America as the only international, artist-in-residency program dedicated exclusively to professional sculptors. Founded in 1975 in the former Utica Steam Engine and Boiler Works building, the organization selects 20 artists each year for two-month, funded residencies which have helped to advance the careers of more than 400 national and international artists. Annual events include the CHAIRity Auction and a Mardi Gras Party.
- The Stanley Center for the Arts — The Stanley Center for the Arts is located in a fully restored 2,945 seat Mexican-baroque movie palace (circa 1928), which was designed by prolific theater architect Thomas Lamb for the Mastbaum chain of theaters. The theatre, originally named for Stanley Mastbaum, is currently a vital piece of the regional arts scene as the home of The Great Artist Series, Broadway Theater League, Utica Symphony, and touring shows. The Stanley is owned and operated by The Central New York Community Arts Council (CNYCAC). That same organization was responsible both for its rescue from the wrecking ball in 1974 as well as the professional, historically sensitive restoration to its former grandeur. CNYCAC recently completed a major stage house and facility expansion project. The theatre reopened in the spring of 2008, immediately hosting live music acts and performances by the Broadway Theatre League.
- Utica Memorial Auditorium — The Utica Memorial Auditorium, or AUD is a 4,000 seat multi-purpose arena (circa 1959) that was fully renovated in the 1990s. The Utica Devils, one-time farm affiliate of the NHL New Jersey Devils, featured several future NHL stars. The "Utica Aud" now hosts the Utica College Pioneers Division III Hockey Program. The men's hockey program set a NCAA Division III Men's Hockey attendance record for the 2007-2008, averaging 2,791 fans per game.[24]
- The Utica Public Library — The origins of the Utica Public Library date back to 1825, when it was a private lending collection. By 1899 it was decided to build a permanent facility, and Thomas R. and Frederick T. Proctor donated the land on Genesee Street, W.P. White started the building fund, and the citizens of Utica voted to help finance the project. Utica native Arthur Jackson of the New York City firm Carrère and Hastings won the architectural competition to design the building. Important features include its red brick and Indiana limestone façade, barrel vaulted main hall, grand staircases, large pediment over the entranceway, two-story columns and the impressive front grounds. The Utica Public Library building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.[25] By the 1980s, major improvements to the building itself were required, along with the installation of an on-line computer system to electronically access the holdings of the local library, all the libraries in the Mid-York Library System, and some area colleges. These projects were all completed by the early 2000s. On December 12, 2004 the Utica Public Library celebrated its Centennial Anniversary of the building, and today boasts over 192,000 items in the collection. In 2008, it was the site of the first annualMayor's Charity Ball.
- The Utica Symphony Orchestra — On March 25, 1932, a group of interested citizens met at the Utica Public Library and founded the Utica Civic Musical Society, now known as the Utica Symphony Orchestra. The Society had a large chorus and symphony orchestra, both under the direction of Berrian R. Shute. George M. Weaver, Jr. served as the first president of the Society. In 1933, Nicholas Gualillo and 60 musicians reorganized into the Utica Symphonic Orchestra. In 1935 the Utica Civic and the Utica Symphonic merged, and from 1935 to 1940, Shute and Gualillo acted as joint conductors of the new Utica Orchestra. This orchestra remained under the auspices of the Civic Musical Society which announced that its chief aim was to broaden the circle of concert goers in Utica and vicinity. In 1983 the name of the organization was changed to Utica Symphony, Inc. The present conductor is Charles Schneider.
- The Utica Zoo — The Utica Zoo has served the region for over 88 years. Located in Roscoe-Conkling Park, the zoo is part of the Parkway Recreational Complex made possible by the donation of land from Thomas R. Proctor in 1909. The zoo has grown from its small beginnings with three fallow deer to its present collection of over 200 animals. Of the 80 acres (320,000 m2) of land set aside for the zoo's use, 35 are presently developed. The Zoo is home to the world's largest watering can. The 2,000 pound can is 15 feet 6 inches (4.72 m) in height and 12 feet (3.7 m) in diameter.[citation needed]
- Utica Monday Nite — Utica Monday Nite was initiated in 1997, with the mission to promote a regional arts economy by making the arts and humanities available and accessible to all Utica residents and visitors from the wider region. Utica Monday Nite presents a summer arts and humanities festival in downtown parks and public spaces on thirteen Monday nights from June through August. Events and activities are offered free to the public.
- The Hotel Utica — The Hotel Utica (circa 1912) was originally built as a 10-story building of fireproof construction with 200 rooms, four dining rooms, a ballroom, an assembly hall, a restaurant for ladies and a grill and cafe for gentlemen. The top four floors were added in 1926, which increased the total number of rooms to 250. Famous guests included: Judy Garland, Mickey Mantle, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, Hopalong Cassidy, Mae West, Bobby Darin, and then current U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney. As business declined, the hotel ceased operating in 1972. It then became two adult care residences, the Hunter House and then Loretto Adult Residence. After a period of vacancy, it was purchased by local investors Joseph R. Carucci and Charles N. Gaetano. They undertook a $13 million dollar rehabilitation from 1999-2001 that was patterned on the restoration of The Willard Hotel in Washington, D.C. In 2001, The Hotel Utica became a member of The National Trust for Historic Preservation's Historic Hotels of America. After years of Carucci and Gaetano failing to pay property and school taxes, and falling behind on the remaining $6.3 million on what originally was a $5 million U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development loan, the hotel remains for sale, and sits currently on the City of Utica's foreclosure list. The Hotel Utica is a member of the reservation company Choice Hotels International.
- Parks System — Utica's Park system began to expand during the late 19th Century. A committee was formed at this time to create more parks within the city. Thomas R. Proctor a local wealthy resident of Utica purchased over 316 acres (1.28 km2) of land. Proctor then hired well renowned landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted to develop his newly acquired land into parks. In 1905, Proctor in turn donated the land to Utica increasing the city park system to 515 acres (2.08 km2).[26] The Utica Parks and Parkway Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.[25]
Annual signature events
- America's Greatest Heart Run & Walk —
- Boilermaker Road Race — Utica is the site of the annual Boilermaker Road Race, the largest 15K road race in the United States.
- Falling Leaves Road Race —
- RiggieFest — Each April local restaurants serve the area's signature dish, chicken riggies, to thousands of central New Yorkers. The event benefits the YWCA Mohawk Valley. Though it should be noted that like many foods popular to this region (Half Moons, Utica Greens, etc.) "Riggies" are not a common fare in the rest of the country, and in fact, few outside the region have ever heard of them.
Children's Museum Festival of Trees & Lights / Holiday on Main Street, takes place every year in November [2] — along with Winter Break and Spring Break activities and Special Summer events and activities in July and August.
- St. Patrick's Day Parade on Genesee Street, beginning at Oneida Square. Though the parade takes place on Genesee St., the majority of events related to St. Patrick's day occur in west Utica on Varick St, near the site of the old St. Patrick's Irish Catholic church.
- Snowfari — In the winter, Utica hosts Central New York's largest winter festival, Snowfari. The event draws thousands of winter recreational enthusiasts while raising funds for the Utica Zoo. Snowfari offers regional qualifiers for Winter Empire State Games events, SBX (snowboarder cross), mountain bike races, and The Cardboard Sled Race, to name a few events.
- Utica Monday Nite — Utica Monday Nite is a summer-long celebration of Visual Arts, Performing Arts, History and Heritage reaching from Earlville to Osceola and Cooperstown to Old Forge.
- Utica Music Fest [27] — In 2008, Utica hosted its first ever music festival, allowing many artists of different genres and styles to perform in various clubs and streets throughout the city.
- Taste of Utica [28] — The Taste of Utica is a showcase highlighting items from the Mohawk Valley region. Food, wines, and crafts are featured. Each participating restaurant serves up a $1 sample of its best menu item. They also offer three to five larger sized portions for patrons to purchase. This free festival also showcases local and national music.
Food and drink in Utica
Utica has an array of ethnic cuisines. The Utica area features a number of Italian-American restaurants, some that date back generations. More recent immigrant groups to the city have contributed distinct culinary options including Bosnian, German, Chinese, Lebanese, Burmese, Dominican, Jamaican, Greek, and Thai.
Some culinary items associated with Utica:
- Halfmoons — Halfmoons are a black and white pastry made with a large (5") dark chocolate cake style cookie iced on one half with white cream frosting and the other half with dark chocolate frosting.[29]
- Tomato Pie — Tomato Pie is a rectangular thick-crust bread covered with a sweet Italian tomato sauce, served cold.[30][31]
- Chicken Rigatoni — or Chicken riggies as locals call them, are chicken, rigatoni, peppers, and onions in a spicy, cream and tomato sauce. Riggie Fest occurs every April. [3].
- Greens — A generally spicy dish made of escarole with various ingredients (depending on recipe) such as potatoes, sausage, hot peppers.[citation needed].
- Sausage and Peppers — Italian sausage with fried onions and peppers on a crusty bread.
- Pusties — They are "officially" called pasticciotti, a single-serving Italian custard-filled tart. The usual fillings for the rich tart crust are chocolate, vanilla, lemon, and Italian cheesecake. [citation needed]
- Pierogis— They are a Polish/Ukrainian/Russian pasta filled with various items, such as Potato, Saurkraut, fruit, Polish Mushrooms, etc.
Utica is the headquarters of the Matt Brewing Company, manufacturer of Utica Club and other beers, which was founded in 1888.[32]
Sports teams
Utica currently has no professionally affiliated sports teams.
The Utica Devils were a member of the American Hockey League (AHL) from 1987-1993. The Utica Bulldogs 1993-1994 and The Utica Blizzards 1994–1997 were members of the United Hockey league (UHL) and another stint from 1998-2001 (January) in which the team was called the Mohawk Valley Prowlers. Currently, Utica is a vast supporter of the Division III Utica College Pioneers who average around 3000 fans a game, which is highest in the United States for that level of play.
Utica was also the home of the Utica Blue Jays/Blue Sox with their last affiliation being with the Florida Marlins until 2001.
Most recently the city's newly created "Master Plan" has suggested building a brand-new stadium along the old Harbor Point area in the city that would attract development in a way that could revitialize the culture and youth of the city. The stadium (though finances have not been outlined) would certainly attract a Single-A, possibly Double-A franchise to move back to Utica within the coming years.
Utica continues to look for professional sports opportunities seeing that they are a major city in the State of New York sitting on major routes of transportation.
Utica has a growing rugby team called The Utica Klubs. This steadily growing team plays rugby matches all over the state and invites several teams to Utica for matches each year. The team is sponsored by Nail Creek Pub and Brewery on Varick St. in the city. Information on the Klubs can be found at http://uticarugby.com.
Utica has two women's roller derby leagues, Central New York Roller Derby and Utica Rollergirls. Central New York Roller Derby is a Women's Flat Track Derby Association League; they have three teams, all affiliated with CNYRD. The teams are the Utica Clubbers, and the Blue Collar Betties and the Rome Wreckers. The Utica Rollergirls are also a single team league which is affiliated with USA Roller Sports. Both leagues compete against teams from other leagues in the upstate NY area and surrounding states. In addition, Utica also has a men's roller derby team, as-yet unaffiliated Quadfathers.[33]
Media
Television
- WKTV-NBC NEWSChannel 2 Central New York's NBC Affiliate
- WTVH-CBS 5 Central New York's CBS Affiliate
- WUTR Central New York's ABC Affiliate
- WFXV Central New York's FOX Affiliate
Daily newspapers:
Utica — *Observer-Dispatch
Rome — *The Daily Sentinel
Herkimer — *The Evening Telegram
Little Falls — *The Evening Times
Oneida — *The Oneida Daily Dispatch
Independent news magazine — The Utica Phoenix
Internet
- Utica Daily News - Utica's On-line News Source
- TheShadowman.com - Photography of Utica NY and Beyond - A popular photography site featuring Utica NY
Radio
- WADR/WUTQ
- WBGK
- WIBX
- WFRG
- WHCL
- WKLL
- WKVU
- WLZW
- WNRS
- WODZ
- WOKR
- WOUR
- WPNR
- WRCK
- WRNY/WIXT/WTLB
- WRUN-FM
- WRVN
- WSKS/WSKU
- WUMX
- WUNY
- WUTI
- WXUR
- WYFY
Education
Utica's sole remaining public high school is Thomas R. Proctor High School, as its original public high school (Utica Free Academy, founded in 1814) shut down in 1990. Utica is also home to Notre Dame High School, a small parochial high school, founded in 1959 by the Xaverian Brothers.
Higher Education choices in Utica include: Utica College, State University of New York Institute of Technology, Mohawk Valley Community College, and Utica School of Commerce. Nearby colleges include Hamilton College in Clinton, New York, Herkimer County Community College in Herkimer, New York, and Colgate University in Hamilton, New York.
Utica is the home of Utica College, founded in 1946, as a four-year college affiliated with Syracuse University. While Utica College became fully independent from Syracuse University in 1995, its undergraduates still receive Syracuse degrees. Utica College was originally an urban campus in the Oneida Square area of the city. In 1961, it relocated to a modern 128-acre (0.52 km2) campus on the west side of Utica. Currently a new science wing and additional buildings are being added to the campus.
Utica is also the home of Mohawk Valley Community College, which was founded in 1946 as the New York State Center of Applied Arts and Sciences at Utica, and was the first community college established in New York State. MVCC found its true raison d'etre during the 1950s as a training facility for unemployed textile workers looking to operate technical equipment at a new General Electric plant.[34] The college became a fully accredited institution in 1960, and has gradually expanded its campus along Utica's Culver Avenue.
State University of New York Institute of Technology is located along the Utica and Marcy New York border, though it was first established in 1969 on Utica's westside. A four-year institution, SUNY-IT offers a variety of technology based majors and master's degree programs.
Empire State College was founded in 1971 and is one of thirteen SUNY colleges of arts and sciences. Empire State College consists of eight centers with the Central New York Center being in Syracuse. Each center has different units providing educational services for those communities. The Utica Unit serves Oneida, Herkimer, Madison, and Otsego counties.
Colleges and universities
- Empire State College
- Mohawk Valley Community College
- Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute
- St. Elizabeth's College of Nursing
- SUNY Institute of Technology
- Utica School of Commerce
- Utica College
Local inventions
The "Union Suit"- a type of red-colored long underwear jumpsuit with a buttoned flap on the backside was invented in Utica.[citation needed]
The first color newspaper, "The Utica Saturday Globe" was published in Utica.[35]
The Utica Crib, a device for restraining persons, was named for the New York State Lunatic Asylum at Utica where it was heavily used in the 19th century to confine patients who refused to stay in their beds.[36]
The rollback style tow truck was invented in Utica in the 1960s.[citation needed]
Notable residents
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- Presidential candidate Horatio Seymour was a native of Utica and is buried there.[37][38]
- Stalwart leader Roscoe Conkling was a longtime mayor of Utica and is buried there.[39][40]
- United States Vice-President James Schoolcraft Sherman was born in Utica and is buried there.[41][42]
- Revolutionary war hero Baron von Steuben is buried near Utica.[43]
- Revolutionary war soldier Benjamin Walker died in Utica.[citation needed]
- Actress and singer Annette Funicello was born in Utica on October 22, 1942.[44]
- Actor Ron O'Neal was born in Utica.[45]
- Actress Tiffany Pollard is from Utica.[46]
- Musician Fran Cosmo is from Utica.[citation needed]
- 4 out of the 5 members of the band "moe.", are from the greater Utica area.[47]
- Television personality Dick Clark got his start in a mailroom at Utica radio station WUTI.[48]
- New Orleans Saints Defensive End Will Smith is from Utica, graduating from Thomas R. Proctor.[49]
- Art Mills (son of Willie Mills), a National League pitcher; and coach of the 1945 World Series champions, the Detroit Tigers, was born in Utica.
- Arthur Bowen Davies, American artist, was born in Utica on September 26, 1863.
- Major League Baseball second baseman Dave Cash was born in Utica on June 11, 1948.
- Television personality TJ Allard is from Utica.[50]
- Political pollster John Zogby is from Utica.
- Real estate developer Steve Wynn is from Utica.[51]
Utica in popular culture and literature
- Utica is mentioned in Allen Ginsberg's poem Howl ("I'm with you in Rockland / where you drink the tea of the / breasts of the spinsters of Utica" ).[52]
- The American television program The Office makes occasional reference to Utica: The "Utica branch" is one of a handful of the fictional company Dunder-Mifflin's satellite offices, and has been mentioned sporadically throughout the show.
- The Branch Wars episode is set partly in Utica. It was not filmed there, so the Mohawk Valley Chamber of Commerce and other local groups donated objects to dress the set to look like an actual Utica-style office.[53][54]
- The Lecture Circuit Pt. 1 episode is also partly set in Utica.[55][56]
- The American television program The Simpsons makes occasional reference to Utica.
- Superintendent Chalmers is from Utica.[57]
- The Eeny Teeny Maya Moe episode (#LABF06) shows a hockey game between the Springfield Isotopes and the Utica Mohawks.[citation needed]
- Another episode features an old newsreel that ends with the narrator exclaiming, "So watch out, Utica! Springfield is a city on the... grow!"[citation needed]
- Bobbi Anderson, the protagonist of Stephen King's novel The Tommyknockers, is from Utica.[58]
- Portions of the 1977 film Slap Shot were filmed at the Utica Memorial Auditorium.[59]
- The rock band Phish released a DVD/CD set of their October 20, 2011 performance in Utica entitled "Live In Utica At The Aud".
References
- ^ "Storm2Tracker". NBC-WKTV. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
- ^ a b c Clarke, T. W. (1952). Utica for a Century and a Half. Utica N.Y.: Widtman Press.
- ^ Rudes, B. Tuscarora English Dictionary Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999
- ^ Przybycien, F. E. (1976). Utica: A City Worth Saving. Utica : Dodge-Graphic Press, Inc.
- ^ Tomaino, F. (2008, May 29). This Week in History: A bridge to Deerfield. Retrieved March 25, 2010, from Observer Dispatch: http://www.uticaod.com/history/x244767716/This-Week-in-History-A-bridge-to-Deerfield
- ^ ["Utica." from The History of Oneida County; Oneida County Historical Society, 1977]
- ^ Obituary for Rena Bonapart
- ^ Wedding of the Waters, by Peter Bernstein, 2005.
- ^ Cookinham, H. J. (1912). History of Oneida County N.Y. Chicago: SJ Clarke Publishing Company
- ^ Mark Twain: A Life, by Ron Powers, 2005.
- ^ The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, by Edmund Morris, 1979
- ^ In Gotham's Shadow, Alexander R Thomas, State University of New York Press, 2003
- ^ "The Sin City Scandals" at Utica College
- ^ Guts and Glory, Tragedy and Triumph: The Rufus P. Elefante Story, Nancy Kobryn, Mohawk Valley Community College Library Collection
- ^ a b http://www.uticaod.com/mobfiles/x407217072/DAY-1-The-Mob-Files
- ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apalachin_Meeting
- ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefano_Magaddino
- ^ "ConMed creates jobs for Oneida County". CNY Business Journal. 1997.
- ^ New city slogan: 'Renaissance City' - Utica, NY 13501 - The Observer-Dispatch
- ^ Zielbauer, Paul (1999-05-07). "Looking to Prosper as a Melting Pot; Utica, Long in Decline, Welcomes an Influx of Refugees". The New York Times.
- ^ "Second Chance City," Reader's Digest, August 2007, pp. 116-123.
- ^ Refugees Volume 1 Number 138 2005
- ^ [1]
- ^ Home is where the hockey is - Utica, NY 13501 - The Observer-Dispatch
- ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
- ^ New York Times. (1907, June 23). Gives Utica Four Parks. p. S5.
- ^ uticamusicfest.com
- ^ tasteofutica.com
- ^ Hemstrought Bakery Half Moon Cookies
- ^ Tomato Pie!!! - Utica Photo Album - Topix
- ^ tomato pie
- ^ "From humble beginnings the brewery takes shape". Utica Observer-Dispatch. July 8, 2008. Retrieved November 13, 2010.
- ^ Roller Derby Worldwide
- ^ "General Electric Helps Rebuild the Mohawk Valley," by Julia G. Diliberto, pp. 85-103, from Building the Mohawk Valley, David G. Wittner, ed., Center for Historical Research, Utica College, 2003.
- ^ Utica:then and Now, by Joseph Bottini and James Davis, Arcadia Publishing, 2007, p. 48
- ^ The Straightjacket and Utica Crib: Diagnostik: Medical Museum: University of Iowa Health Care
- ^ Horatio Seymour at Find a Grave
- ^ Mrs. Mecomber (June 14, 2008). "Forest Hill Cemetery, Utica, NY". New York Traveler. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
- ^
- United States Congress. "Roscoe Conkling (id: C000681)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved Roscoe Conkling.
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(help)
- United States Congress. "Roscoe Conkling (id: C000681)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved Roscoe Conkling.
- ^ Roscoe Conkling at Find a Grave
- ^
- United States Congress. "James Schoolcraft Sherman (id: S000345)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- ^ James Schoolcraft Sherman at Find a Grave
- ^ Baron von Steuben at Find a Grave
- ^ Annette Funicello at IMDb
- ^ Ron O'Neal at IMDb
- ^ Tiffany Pollard at IMDb
- ^ moe. at AllMusic
- ^ Dick Clark at IMDb
- ^ {{cite web url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Smith_%28American_football%29}}
- ^ TJ Allard at IMDb
- ^ John Arlidge (January 11, 2009). "Steve Wynn: Raising the stakes in Vegas". Sunday Times. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ Allen Ginsberg. "HOWL". Retrieved September 12, 2010.
- ^ Elizabeth Cooper (October 3, 2007). "'The Office' in a Utica state of mind". Utica Observer-Dispatch. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
- ^ Dave Dellecese (November 1, 2007). "A peek at the Utica Branch of NBC's "The Office"". WKTV Utica. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
- ^ Sepinwall, Alan (February 6, 2009). "The Office, "Lecture Circuit, Part One": The closure". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
- ^ CastawayCayley (February 10, 2009). "The Office: 'Lecture Circuit – Pt. 1′ Recap". TV Overmind. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
- ^ "22 Short Films About Springfield". The Simpsons Archive. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
- ^ Stephen King. "The Tommyknockers (extract)" (PDF). Retrieved September 12, 2010.
- ^ Fran Perritano (May 28, 2010). "'Hanson Brothers' will return to Utica Aud". Utica Observer-Dispatch. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
External links
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