Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism: Difference between revisions
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[[Pakistan]] has been accused by neighbours |
[[Pakistan]] has been accused by neighbours , [[India]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Iran]] and western nations like the [[United States]],<ref name="US">International Terrorism: Threats and Responses: Hearings Before the Committee on the Judiciary By United States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary, ISBN 0-16-052230-7, 1996, pp482</ref><ref>[http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2000/2441.htm Overview of State-Sponsored Terrorism] April 30, 2001 [[U.S. State Department]]</ref> and the [[United Kingdom]]<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_29-5-2002_pg1_1 Daily Times Story]</ref> of its involvement in terrorist activities (especially [[terrorism in Kashmir|terrorism of Kashmir]], the rest of India as well as Afghanistan and sheltering known terrorists like [[Osama Bin Laden]] and [[Dawood Ibrahim]]).<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/herald/jul05.htm Back to Camp]-Dawn July 2005</ref><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/18/world/asia/18cnd-afghan.html Pakistan's link to Afghan terrorism]</ref> Branded as a "Haven for Terrorism",<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.cnn.com/2011-05-02/world/bin.laden.world.reacts_1_bin-laden-al-qaeda-leader-osama-bin?_s=PM:WORLD | work=[[CNN News]] | title= World leaders react to news of bin Laden's death | date=May 2, 2011| accessdate=May 2, 2011}}</ref> it is considered among the most dangerous nations in the world.<ref>http://www.cfr.org/publication/9514/</ref><ref>http://www.newsweek.com/id/57485</ref> [[Islamic terrorist]] organizations, including the [[Lashkar-e-Toiba]], the [[Lashkar-e-Omar]], the [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]], the [[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]], the [[Sipah-e-Sahaba]] and the [[Hizbul Mujahideen]] are located in Pakistan.<ref>http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011217/main1.htm</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ISI_still_helping_terror_groups_against_India_Narayanan/articleshow/2902592.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=ISI still helping terror groups against India: Narayanan | date=March 27, 2008}}</ref> The Pakistani intelligence agency, the ISI, is believed to be aiding these organizations in eradicating perceived enemies or those opposed to their cause, including India, Russia, China, Israel, the US, the UK and other members of NATO.<ref>http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/lashkar_e_toiba.htm</ref><ref>http://www.cfr.org/publication/17882/</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3181925.stm | work=BBC News | title=Profile: Lashkar-e-Taiba | date=May 3, 2010 | accessdate=May 20, 2010}}</ref><ref>http://www.harkatulmujahideen.org/</ref> Critics have accused Pakistan's military and security establishment of protecting [[bin Laden]], until he was found and killed by US forces.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://detnews.com/article/20110503/NATION/105030368/Levin-questions-Pakistan’s-role#ixzz1LGfVnAVd|title=Levin questions Pakistan's role|author=Marisa Schultz|publisher=The Detroit News}}</ref> Satellite imagery from the [[FBI]] <ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1044850 FBI identifies terror camp in Pakistan through satellite pictures]</ref> and data produced by India's [[Research and Analysis Wing]] suggest the existence of several terrorist camps in Pakistan, with at least one militant admitting to being trained in the country.<ref>http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_14-6-2005_pg1_4</ref> The [[JKLF]], a militant outfit considered a terrorist group by the Indian government, has admitted to having more than 3,000 of its militants trained in Pakistan.<ref name="rediff.com">[http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/oct/16quake1.htm 'Pak feared exposure of militant camps'] - [[Rediff]] October 16, 2005</ref> Many [[nonpartisan]] sources believe that officials within Pakistan’s military and the [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI) sympathize with and aid [[Islamic terrorists]], saying that the "ISI has provided covert but well-documented support to terrorist groups active in Kashmir, including the [[al-Qaeda]] affiliate [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]]".<ref name="Terrorism Havens: Pakistan">[http://www.cfr.org/publication/9514/ Terrorism Havens: Pakistan] - [[Council on Foreign Relations]]</ref> Though Pakistan had previously denied involvement in terrorist activities in [[Kashmir]], President [[Asif Ali Zardari]] admitted in July 2010 <ref name="Zardari says Pak created and nurtured militants">[http://ibnlive.in.com/news/zardari-says-pak-created-and-nurtured-militants/96670-2.html Zardari says Pak created and nurtured militants - CNN IBN News]</ref> that terrorist outfits had been "deliberately created and nurtured" by past governments "as a policy to achieve some short-term tactical objectives". In October 2010, former Pakistan President and former head of the [[Pakistan Army]], [[Pervez Musharraf]] revealed that Pakistani armed forces trained militant groups to fight Indian forces in Kashmir.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11474618|title= Musharraf admits Kashmir militants trained in Pakistan|date= 5 October 2010|publisher=''[[BBC News]]''}}</ref> Many Kashmiri militant groups designated as terrorist organizations by the US still maintain their headquarters in [[Pakistan-administered Kashmir]]. This is cited by the Indian government as further proof that Pakistan supports terrorism. Many of the terrorist organisations are banned by the UN, but continue to operate under different names. Even the normally reticent [[United Nations Organization]] (UNO) has also publicly increased pressure on Pakistan on its inability to control its Afghanistan border and not restricting the activities of Taliban leaders who have been declared by the UN as terrorists.<ref name="iht.com">[http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/01/09/news/afghan.php Pakistan should crack down on Taliban, UN official says]</ref><ref name="BBC Story">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5190244.stm BBC Story]</ref> Both the federal and state governments in India continue to accuse Pakistan of helping several banned terrorist organizations, including the Indian organizationss unhappy with their own Government, like the [[ULFA]] in [[Assam]].<ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/20000315/ifr15044.html Assam accuses Pakistan High Commission of helping ULFA]</ref> Experts believe that the ISI has also been involved in training and supplying |
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[[History of Chechnya|Chechen]] militants.<ref>[http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/CHO109C.html Who Is Osama Bin Laden? by Michel Chossudovsky] Professor of Economics, [[University of Ottawa]] hosted on [[Centre for Research on Globalisation]]</ref> |
[[History of Chechnya|Chechen]] militants.<ref>[http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/CHO109C.html Who Is Osama Bin Laden? by Michel Chossudovsky] Professor of Economics, [[University of Ottawa]] hosted on [[Centre for Research on Globalisation]]</ref> |
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Revision as of 12:53, 24 September 2011
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Pakistan has been accused by neighbours , India, Afghanistan, Iran and western nations like the United States,[1][2] and the United Kingdom[3] of its involvement in terrorist activities (especially terrorism of Kashmir, the rest of India as well as Afghanistan and sheltering known terrorists like Osama Bin Laden and Dawood Ibrahim).[4][5] Branded as a "Haven for Terrorism",[6] it is considered among the most dangerous nations in the world.[7][8] Islamic terrorist organizations, including the Lashkar-e-Toiba, the Lashkar-e-Omar, the Jaish-e-Mohammed, the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, the Sipah-e-Sahaba and the Hizbul Mujahideen are located in Pakistan.[9][10] The Pakistani intelligence agency, the ISI, is believed to be aiding these organizations in eradicating perceived enemies or those opposed to their cause, including India, Russia, China, Israel, the US, the UK and other members of NATO.[11][12][13][14] Critics have accused Pakistan's military and security establishment of protecting bin Laden, until he was found and killed by US forces.[15] Satellite imagery from the FBI [16] and data produced by India's Research and Analysis Wing suggest the existence of several terrorist camps in Pakistan, with at least one militant admitting to being trained in the country.[17] The JKLF, a militant outfit considered a terrorist group by the Indian government, has admitted to having more than 3,000 of its militants trained in Pakistan.[18] Many nonpartisan sources believe that officials within Pakistan’s military and the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) sympathize with and aid Islamic terrorists, saying that the "ISI has provided covert but well-documented support to terrorist groups active in Kashmir, including the al-Qaeda affiliate Jaish-e-Mohammed".[19] Though Pakistan had previously denied involvement in terrorist activities in Kashmir, President Asif Ali Zardari admitted in July 2010 [20] that terrorist outfits had been "deliberately created and nurtured" by past governments "as a policy to achieve some short-term tactical objectives". In October 2010, former Pakistan President and former head of the Pakistan Army, Pervez Musharraf revealed that Pakistani armed forces trained militant groups to fight Indian forces in Kashmir.[21] Many Kashmiri militant groups designated as terrorist organizations by the US still maintain their headquarters in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. This is cited by the Indian government as further proof that Pakistan supports terrorism. Many of the terrorist organisations are banned by the UN, but continue to operate under different names. Even the normally reticent United Nations Organization (UNO) has also publicly increased pressure on Pakistan on its inability to control its Afghanistan border and not restricting the activities of Taliban leaders who have been declared by the UN as terrorists.[22][23] Both the federal and state governments in India continue to accuse Pakistan of helping several banned terrorist organizations, including the Indian organizationss unhappy with their own Government, like the ULFA in Assam.[24] Experts believe that the ISI has also been involved in training and supplying Chechen militants.[25]
Background
Until Pakistan became a key ally in the War on Terrorism, the US Secretary of State included Pakistan on the 1993 list of countries which repeatedly provide support for acts of international terrorism.[1] The recent 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot is also blamed by various sections in the media as being the handiwork of elements in the Pakistani administration. Press editorials from around the world have consistently and strongly condemned Pakistan's "terror exports".[26] In fact, many consider that Pakistan has been playing both sides in the fight against terror, on the one hand, pretending to help curtail terrorist activities while on the other, stoking it.[27][28] Even the noted Pakistani journalist Ahmed Rashid has accused Pakistan's ISI of providing help to the Taliban,[29] a statement echoed by many, including author Ted Galen Carpenter, who states that Pakistan has "assisted rebel forces in Kashmir even though those groups have committed terrorist acts against civilians".[30]
Sponsoring terrorism
Author Gordon Thomas states that whilst aiding in the capture of Al Qaeda members, Pakistan "still sponsored terrorist groups in the disputed state of Kashmir, funding, training and arming them in their war of attrition against India". Journalist Stephen Schwartz notes that several terrorist and criminal groups are "backed by senior officers in the Pakistani army, the country's ISI intelligence establishment and other armed bodies of the state".[31] According to the author Daniel Byman, "Pakistan is probably today's most active sponsor of terrorism."[32] Gordon Brown, former Prime Minister of the UK, recently stated that seventy-five percent of the terror plots in the UK had links to Pakistan.[33] Writing in The Australian Foreign,[clarification needed] editor Greg Sheridan commented, "following the terror massacres in Mumbai, Pakistan may now be the single biggest state sponsor of terrorism, beyond even Iran, yet it has never been listed by the US State Department as a state sponsor of terrorism".[34]
Inter-Services Intelligence and terrorism
Pakistan's intelligence agency, the ISI, has often been accused of playing a role in major terrorist attacks across the world including
- the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States,[35][36][37]
- terrorism in Kashmir,[38][39][40]
- the July 2006 Mumbai Train Bombings,[41]
- the July 2005 London bombings,[42]
- the 2001 Indian Parliament attack,[43]
- the 2006 Varanasi bombings,[44]
- the August 2007 Hyderabad bombings[45][46] and
- the November 2008 Mumbai attacks.[47][48]
The ISI is also accused of supporting Taliban forces[49] and recruiting and training mujahideen[49][50] to fight in Afghanistan[51][52] and Kashmir.[52] Based on communication intercepts, US intelligence agencies concluded Pakistan's ISI was behind the attack on the Indian embassy in Kabul on July 7, 2008, a charge that the governments of India and Afghanistan had laid previously.[53]
The Afghan President Hamid Karzai, who has regularly reiterated allegations that militants operating training camps in Pakistan have used it as a launch platform to attack targets in Afghanistan, urged Western military allies to target extremist hideouts in neighbouring Pakistan.[54] In response to the growing extremism from Pakistan, the US has started bombing select terrorist hideouts within Pakistan, as well as raiding villages in Pakistan to capture and kill suspected Al-Qaeda and Taliban members hiding in the country.[55]
Several detainees at the Guantanamo Bay facility have said that they were aided by the ISI for attacks against India.[56]
Links to Islamic terrorist groups
Pakistan is said to be a haven for terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda,[57] Lashkar-e-Omar, Lashkar-e-Toiba, Jaish-e-Mohammed and Sipah-e-Sahaba. Pakistan is accused of giving aid to the Taliban, "which include[s] soliciting funding for the Taliban, bankrolling Taliban operations, providing diplomatic support as the Taliban's virtual emissaries abroad, arranging training for Taliban fighters, recruiting skilled and unskilled manpower to serve in Taliban armies, planning and directing offensives, providing and facilitating shipments of ammunition and fuel, and on several occasions apparently directly providing combat support," as stated by the Human Rights Watch.[58] In 2008, the US has stated that the next attack on the US could originate in Pakistan.[59] In June 2009, India’s army chief, General Deepak Kapoor, used a meeting with US national security adviser Jim Jones to claim that Pakistan was home to 43 “terrorist camps”, while rejecting suggestions of engaging in fresh peace talks.[60][61] Another militant outfit, the JKLF, has openly admitted that more than 3,000 militants from various nationalities were still being trained.[18] Other resources also concur, stating that Pakistan’s military and ISI both include personnel who sympathize with and help Islamic militants, adding that "ISI has provided covert but well-documented support to terrorist groups active in Kashmir, including the Jaish-e-Mohammed."[19] Pakistan has denied any involvement in the terrorist activities in Kashmir, arguing that it only provides political and moral support to the so called 'secessionist' groups. Many Kashmiri groups also maintain their headquarters in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, which is cited as further proof by the Indian Government. The normally reticent United Nations Organization (UNO) has also publicly increased pressure on Pakistan on its inability to control its Afghanistan border and not restricting the activities of Taliban leaders who have been declared by the UN as terrorists.[22][23]
Alleged support of Pakistani Army to terrorists
Bin Laden was the ‘Golden Goose’ that the army had kept under its watch but which, to its chagrin, has now been stolen from under its nose. Until then, the thinking had been to trade in the Goose at the right time for the right price, either in the form of dollars or political concessions
— Prof. Pervez Hoodbhoy, Pakistani nuclear physicist, essayist and political-defence analyst, in The Tribune [62]
According to a 2001 article titled "Overview of State-Sponsored Terrorism" issued by the US Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism , "In South Asia, the United States has been increasingly concerned about reports of Pakistani support to terrorist groups and elements active in Kashmir, as well as Pakistani support, especially military support, to the Taliban, which continues to harbor terrorist groups, including al-Qaida, the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan."[63]
Problems
US National Security Advisor James L Jones sent a tough message in the past to Pakistan saying that double standards on terrorism were not acceptable.[64] In July 2010, British Prime Minsiter David Cameron accused the Pakistani government of double standards: "We cannot tolerate in any sense the idea that this country is allowed to look both ways and is able, in any way, to promote the export of terror, whether to India or whether to Afghanistan or anywhere else in the world."[65]
Allegations of terrorism by Pakistan in Afghanistan
US intelligence officials claim that Pakistan's ISI sponsored the 2008 Indian embassy bombing in Kabul.[66] They say that the ISI officers who aided the attack were not renegades, indicating that their actions might have been authorized by superiors. The attack was carried out by Jalaluddin Haqqani, who runs a network that Western intelligence services say is responsible for a campaign of violence throughout Afghanistan, including the Indian Embassy bombing and the 2008 Kabul Serena Hotel attack.[66]
Allegations of terrorism in India
The government of Pakistan has been accused of aiding terrorist organizations operating on their soil who have attacked neighboring India. Pakistan denies all allegations, stating that these acts are committed by non-state actors.[67][68] The country has had a history of instability and military coups with General Zia-ul-Haq starting a guerilla holy war, jihad (which the world calls terrorism today) against non-muslim countries, in the early 1980s' and which is being perpetuated by General Pervez Musharraf who came to power after overthrowing Nawaz Sharif in 1999 and Asif Zardari who came to power with the assassination of his wife Benazir Bhutto, allegedly by the Taliban and Al Qaeda, in 2008.[69][70] The country also blames the US and India for inciting terrorism on their soil,[71] when actually the Al Qaeda and other terrorists have been active on Pakistani soil.[72][73]
India alleged that the recent 2008 Mumbai attacks originated in Pakistan, and that the attackers were in touch with a Pakistani colonel and other handlers in Pakistan.[74] This led to a UN ban on one such organisation, the Jama'at-ud-Da'wah, which the Pakistani government is yet to enforce.[75][76]
On 5 April 2006, the Indian police arrested six Islamic militants, including a cleric who helped plan bomb blasts in Varanasi. The cleric is believed to be a commander of a banned Bangladeshi Islamic militant group, Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami, and is linked to the Inter-Services Intelligence, the Pakistani spy agency.[77]
Al Qaeda leaders killed or captured in Pakistan
Critics have accused Pakistan's military and security establishment of protecting bin Laden, until he was found and killed by US forces.[73] This issue is expected to worsen US ties with Pakistan.[78][79] Bin Laden was killed in what most feel was his residence for at least three years, in Abbottabad, in Pakistan.[80] It was an expensive compound,[81] less than 100 kilometres' drive from the capital, Islamabad, probably built specifically for Bin Laden.[82] The compound is 0.8 miles (1.3 km) southwest of the Pakistan Military Academy (PMA), a prominent military academy that has been compared to Sandhurst in Britain and West Point in the United States.[83] Pakistan's President Zardari has denied that his country's security forces may have sheltered Osama bin Laden.[84][85]
In response to America's exposure of bin Laden's hiding place, Pakistan moved to shut down the informant network that lead the Americans there.[86]
In addition Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Abu Zubaydah, Abu Laith al Libi and Sheikh Said Masri have all been captured or killed inside Pakistan.[87]
References
- ^ a b International Terrorism: Threats and Responses: Hearings Before the Committee on the Judiciary By United States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary, ISBN 0-16-052230-7, 1996, pp482
- ^ Overview of State-Sponsored Terrorism April 30, 2001 U.S. State Department
- ^ Daily Times Story
- ^ Back to Camp-Dawn July 2005
- ^ Pakistan's link to Afghan terrorism
- ^ "World leaders react to news of bin Laden's death". CNN News. May 2, 2011. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
- ^ http://www.cfr.org/publication/9514/
- ^ http://www.newsweek.com/id/57485
- ^ http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011217/main1.htm
- ^ "ISI still helping terror groups against India: Narayanan". The Times Of India. March 27, 2008.
- ^ http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/lashkar_e_toiba.htm
- ^ http://www.cfr.org/publication/17882/
- ^ "Profile: Lashkar-e-Taiba". BBC News. May 3, 2010. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ http://www.harkatulmujahideen.org/
- ^ Marisa Schultz. "Levin questions Pakistan's role". The Detroit News.
- ^ FBI identifies terror camp in Pakistan through satellite pictures
- ^ http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_14-6-2005_pg1_4
- ^ a b 'Pak feared exposure of militant camps' - Rediff October 16, 2005
- ^ a b Terrorism Havens: Pakistan - Council on Foreign Relations
- ^ Zardari says Pak created and nurtured militants - CNN IBN News
- ^ "Musharraf admits Kashmir militants trained in Pakistan". BBC News. 5 October 2010.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b Pakistan should crack down on Taliban, UN official says
- ^ a b BBC Story
- ^ Assam accuses Pakistan High Commission of helping ULFA
- ^ Who Is Osama Bin Laden? by Michel Chossudovsky Professor of Economics, University of Ottawa hosted on Centre for Research on Globalisation
- ^ Editorial: Terror exports made in Pakistan- The Australian
- ^ Pakistan said to play both sides on terror war October 02, 2006, Christian Science Monitor
- ^ Dangerous game of state-sponsored terror that threatens nuclear conflict May 25, 2002, Guardian Unlimited
- ^ Die Zeit - Kosmoblog » Mustread: Rashid über Afghanistan
- ^ Terrorist Sponsors: Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, China by Ted Galen Carpenter November 16, 2001 Cato Institute
- ^ Stephen Schwartz (19 August 2006). "A threat to the world". The Spectator. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Deadly Connections: States That Sponsor Terrorism By Daniel Byman, ISBN 0-521-83973-4, 2005, Cambridge University Press, pp 155
- ^ Brown: Pakistan linked to most UK terror plots, CNN, 2008-12-14
- ^ Asia's Islamism engine, The Australian, 2008-12-04
- ^ Meacher, Michael (July 22, 2004). "The Pakistan connection". The Guardian. London. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ Centre for Research on Globalisation (CRG)
- ^ "Pakistan spy service 'aiding Bin Laden'". BBC News. December 30, 2001. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ Terrorism Havens: Pakistan - Council on Foreign Relations
- ^ Indian minister ties ISI to Kashmir
- ^ Kashmir Militant Extremists - Council on Foreign Relations
- ^ "Pakistan 'role in Mumbai attacks'". BBC News. September 30, 2006. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ The Pakistani Connection: The London Bombers and "Al Qaeda's Webmaster"
- ^ Terrorist Attack on the Parliament of India - December 13, 2001
- ^ ISI now outsources terror to Bangladesh
- ^ Hyderabad blasts: The ISI hand
- ^ ISI may be behind Hyderabad blasts: Jana Reddy
- ^ U.S. official: Indian attack has Pakistani ties
- ^ Rice tells Pakistan to act ‘or US will’
- ^ a b Ali, Mahmud (October 9, 2006). "Pakistan's shadowy secret service". BBC News. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ Rashid, Ahmed (October 6, 2006). "Nato's top brass accuse Pakistan over Taliban aid". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ Gall, Carlotta (January 21, 2007). "At Border, Signs of Pakistani Role in Taliban Surge". The New York Times. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ a b "A NATION CHALLENGED: THE SUSPECTS; Death of Reporter Puts Focus On Pakistan Intelligence Unit". The New York Times. February 25, 2002. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ Pakistanis Aided Attack in Kabul, U.S. Officials say
- ^ Karzai wants action by allied forces in Pakistan August 11, 2008 Dawn, Pakistan
- ^ http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/09/12/asia/pakistan.php
- ^ "ISI allowed terrorists to attack India, says WikiLeaks." Press Trust Of India, 9 May 2011.
- ^ Zee News - Pakistan has al-Qaeda training camp: US officials
- ^ Crisis of Impunity - Pakistan's Support Of The Taliban
- ^ http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C09%5C12%5Cstory_12-9-2008_pg7_51
- ^ http://www.crethiplethi.com/wikileaks-pakistan-home-to-43-terrorist-camps/islamic-countries/pakistan/2011/
- ^ "US embassy cables: Pakistan home to 43 'terrorist camps' – Indian army chief". The Guardian. London. December 10, 2010.
- ^ The curious case of Osama bin Laden, May 3, 2011, retrieved 2011-05-10
- ^ Overview of State-Sponsored Terrorism, April 30, 2001, retrieved April 13, 2011
- ^ http://news.rediff.com/interview/2010/jul/16/paks-double-standards-on-terror-not-acceptable.htm
- ^ Nicholass Watt (2 May 2011). "Now we know why David Cameron felt free to criticise Pakistan over terrorism". The Guardian.
- ^ a b Pakistanis Aided Attack in Kabul, U.S. Officials Say, Mark Mazzetti and Eric Schmidt, New York Times, 2008-08-01
- ^ http://www.globalsecurity.org/security/library/news/2008/11/sec-081128-irna02.htm
- ^ http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/mumbaiterrorstrike/Story.aspx?ID=NEWEN20080076673&type=News
- ^ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22416009/
- ^ "Profile: Pervez Musharraf". BBC News. June 16, 2009. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ "Pakistan accuses US of backing terrorism". The Times Of India. [dead link]
- ^ "Government report: Al Qaeda strongest since September 11, 2001 - CNN.com". CNN. July 12, 2007. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ a b http://detnews.com/article/20110503/NATION/105030368/Levin-questions-Pakistan’s-role#ixzz1LGfVnAVd
- ^ Tran, Mark (February 26, 2009). "India names Pakistani colonel in connection with Mumbai terror attacks". The Guardian. London. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ "Pakistan not to ban Jamaat-ud-Dawa". The Times Of India.
- ^ The Times Of India http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/rssarticleshow/3823910.cms.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "Indian Police Arrest Islamic Cleric for Blasts". Reuters. 05/04/2006. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Pakistan admits it wasn't part of US operation to kill Osama bin Laden - World - DNA". Dnaindia.com. 2001-09-11. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
- ^ Perlez, Jane (2001-09-11). "Nation & World | Bin Laden's death casts more suspicion on Pakistan | Seattle Times Newspaper". Seattletimes.nwsource.com. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
- ^ Associated, The (2008-04-02). "Report: Bin Laden hid in Pakistan compound for more than three years - Haaretz Daily Newspaper | Israel News". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
- ^ "Interesting Facts About Osama bin Laden's Compound - International Business Times". Au.ibtimes.com. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
- ^ Westhead, Rick (2011-04-01). "Questions about bin Laden embarrassing to Pakistan". Toronto: thestar.com. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
- ^ "Bin Laden's front yard" (May 3, 2011). The Economist.
- ^ Toosi, Nahal (2001-09-11). "The Canadian Press: Pakistan's president dismisses suspicions that his country was sheltering bin Laden". Google.com. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
- ^ Your name:. "Zardari defends Pakistan over bin Laden intel". Emirates 24/7. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "Pakistan Arrests C.I.A. Informants in Bin Laden Raid." New York Times, 14 June 2011.
- ^ "Al Qaeda leaders killed or captured in Pakistan." Reuters, 2 May 2011.
See also
Template:Pakistan and state terrorism
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