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The '''gay lisp''' is a [[stereotypical]] manner of speech associated with [[male homosexuality|gay males]], particularly in English-speaking countries, that involves their pronunciation of [[sibilant consonant]]s and sometimes others verbal features.<ref name="beyond">{{cite web |url=http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/codemix.htm |title=Beyond Lisping: Code Switching and Gay Speech Styles |last1=Bowen |first1=Caroline |year=2002 |accessdate=January 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.macalester.edu/weekly/030102/myworld.html |title=Queering Multiculturalism |last1=McKinstry |first1=Oliver |date=March 1, 2002 |work=The Mac Weekly |publisher=Macalester College |accessdate=January 19, 2011 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060922162200/http://www.macalester.edu/weekly/030102/myworld.html |archivedate=September 22, 2006}}</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20070807015819/http://ec.gayalliance.org/articles/000645.shtml] Examples of LGBT writing in which "gay lisp" used as a general term for the sound of gay male speech {{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref> The phenomenon of the "gay lisp" and its study are poorly understood, similar to other secondary external attributes or verbal and non-verbal mannerisms of both gay and straight people. These attributes have proven difficult to define and quantify but seem somewhat independent of other variables in the [[phonology]] of the [[English language]], such as [[accent (sociolinguistics)|accent]] and [[register (sociolinguistics)|register]]. The gay lisp stereotype has never been substantiated in an experimental study.<ref>Munson, B., & Zimmerman, L.J. (2006b). [http://www.tc.umn.edu/~munso005/MunsonAndZimmerman.pdf Perceptual Bias and the Myth of the 'Gay Lisp']. Poster Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Miami, FL.</ref> Two studies (Linville, 1998; Munson et al., 2006) did find that a
The '''gay lisp''' is a [[stereotypical]] manner of speech associated with [[male homosexuality|gay males]], particularly in English-speaking countries, that involves their pronunciation of [[sibilant consonant]]s and sometimes other verbal features.<ref name="beyond">{{cite web |url=http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/codemix.htm |title=Beyond Lisping: Code Switching and Gay Speech Styles |last1=Bowen |first1=Caroline |year=2002 |accessdate=January 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.macalester.edu/weekly/030102/myworld.html |title=Queering Multiculturalism |last1=McKinstry |first1=Oliver |date=March 1, 2002 |work=The Mac Weekly |publisher=Macalester College |accessdate=January 19, 2011 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060922162200/http://www.macalester.edu/weekly/030102/myworld.html |archivedate=September 22, 2006}}</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20070807015819/http://ec.gayalliance.org/articles/000645.shtml] Examples of LGBT writing in which "gay lisp" used as a general term for the sound of gay male speech {{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref> The phenomenon of the "gay lisp" and its study are poorly understood, similar to other secondary external attributes or verbal and non-verbal mannerisms of both gay and straight people. These attributes have proven difficult to define and quantify but seem somewhat independent of other variables in the [[phonology]] of the [[English language]], such as [[accent (sociolinguistics)|accent]] and [[register (sociolinguistics)|register]]. The gay lisp stereotype has never been substantiated in an experimental study.<ref>Munson, B., & Zimmerman, L.J. (2006b). [http://www.tc.umn.edu/~munso005/MunsonAndZimmerman.pdf Perceptual Bias and the Myth of the 'Gay Lisp']. Poster Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Miami, FL.</ref> Two studies (Linville, 1998; Munson et al., 2006) did find that a
subset of gay men produce /s/ distinctively; however, the way in which /s/ was pronounced—with a high peak frequency and a highly negatively
subset of gay men produce /s/ distinctively; however, the way in which /s/ was pronounced—with a high peak frequency and a highly negatively
skewed spectrum—made it more distinctive from other similar sounds, rather than less. That is, this was arguably a hyper-correct /s/.<ref>Linville, S. (1998). Acoustic correlates of perceived versus actual sexual orientation in men's speech. Pholia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 50, 35-48.</ref><ref>Munson, B., McDonald, E.C., & DeBoe, N.L., & White, A.R. (2006). The acoustic and perceptual bases of judgments of women and men's sexual orientation from read speech. Journal of Phonetics.</ref>
skewed spectrum—made it more distinctive from other similar sounds, rather than less. That is, this was arguably a hyper-correct /s/.<ref>Linville, S. (1998). Acoustic correlates of perceived versus actual sexual orientation in men's speech. Pholia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 50, 35-48.</ref><ref>Munson, B., McDonald, E.C., & DeBoe, N.L., & White, A.R. (2006). The acoustic and perceptual bases of judgments of women and men's sexual orientation from read speech. Journal of Phonetics.</ref>

Revision as of 20:23, 7 February 2014

The gay lisp is a stereotypical manner of speech associated with gay males, particularly in English-speaking countries, that involves their pronunciation of sibilant consonants and sometimes other verbal features.[1][2][3] The phenomenon of the "gay lisp" and its study are poorly understood, similar to other secondary external attributes or verbal and non-verbal mannerisms of both gay and straight people. These attributes have proven difficult to define and quantify but seem somewhat independent of other variables in the phonology of the English language, such as accent and register. The gay lisp stereotype has never been substantiated in an experimental study.[4] Two studies (Linville, 1998; Munson et al., 2006) did find that a subset of gay men produce /s/ distinctively; however, the way in which /s/ was pronounced—with a high peak frequency and a highly negatively skewed spectrum—made it more distinctive from other similar sounds, rather than less. That is, this was arguably a hyper-correct /s/.[5][6]

Characteristics

Several speech features are stereotyped as markers of gay male identity: careful pronunciation, wide pitch range, high and rapidly changing pitch, breathy tone, lengthened fricative sounds, and pronunciation of /t/ as /ts/ and /d/ as /dz/ (affrication).[1]

The "gay sound" of some gay men seems to some listeners to involve the characteristic "lisp" involving sibilants (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, and the like) with assibilation, sibilation, hissing, or stridency.[1]

Henry Rogers and Ron Smyth, professors at the University of Toronto, investigated this.

According to Rogers, people can usually differentiate gay- and straight-sounding voices based on certain phonetic patterns. "We have identified a number of phonetic characteristics that seem to make a man’s voice sound gay," says Rogers. "We want to know how men acquire this way of speaking."[7]

A study at Stanford University involving a small sample group investigated claims that people can identify gay males by their speech and that these listeners use pitch range and fluctuation in deciding.[8] Results were inconclusive:

Although he found that listeners could distinguish gay from straight men, he failed to find any convincing empirical differences in pitch between these two groups. [...] This study is representative of others that have failed to find concrete differences in the speech of gay and straight men.[9]

In a similar study of female speakers, it was found that listeners could not tell lesbian speakers from heterosexual speakers. Other studies of lesbian identity do make references to voice use by lesbians typically using lower pitch and more direct communication styles.[10]

Peter Renn's undergraduate study (which won a George H. Mitchell Undergraduate Award) demonstrated that gay-stereotyped speech more strongly correlates with childhood gender-nonconformity than with sexual orientation and proposed that gay-stereotyped speech is actually childhood-gender-nonconformity speech that has become associated with male homosexuality only by proxy.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Bowen, Caroline (2002). "Beyond Lisping: Code Switching and Gay Speech Styles". Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  2. ^ McKinstry, Oliver (March 1, 2002). "Queering Multiculturalism". The Mac Weekly. Macalester College. Archived from the original on September 22, 2006. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  3. ^ [1] Examples of LGBT writing in which "gay lisp" used as a general term for the sound of gay male speech [dead link]
  4. ^ Munson, B., & Zimmerman, L.J. (2006b). Perceptual Bias and the Myth of the 'Gay Lisp'. Poster Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Miami, FL.
  5. ^ Linville, S. (1998). Acoustic correlates of perceived versus actual sexual orientation in men's speech. Pholia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 50, 35-48.
  6. ^ Munson, B., McDonald, E.C., & DeBoe, N.L., & White, A.R. (2006). The acoustic and perceptual bases of judgments of women and men's sexual orientation from read speech. Journal of Phonetics.
  7. ^ Rynor, Micah (February 18, 2002). "Researchers examine patterns in gay speech". News@UofT. University of Toronto. Archived from the original on November 1, 2007. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  8. ^ Gaudio, Rudolph (1994) "Sounding Gay: Pitch Properties in the Speech of Gay and Straight Men." American Speech 69: 30-57.
  9. ^ "Gayspeak". glbtq: an encyclopedia of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, & queer culture. glbtq, inc. 2004. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  10. ^ Atkins, Dawn (1998) "Looking Queer: Body Image and Identity in Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, and Transgender Communities"
  11. ^ Renn, Peter. "Subtypes of Male Homosexuality: Speech, male sexual orientation, and childhood gender nonconformity".

Further reading

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