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[[File:Group structure and statistics of “Gourmet Master Co. Ltd.”, as of 31 December 2017 - 「開曼美食達人股份有限公司」的集團架構及統計，截至2017年12月31日.svg|thumb|Group structure and statistics of “Gourmet Master Co. Ltd.”, as of 31 December 2017, with hyperlinks to the ICIJ Offshore Leaks Database [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Group_structure_and_statistics_of_%E2%80%9CGourmet_Master_Co._Ltd.%E2%80%9D%2C_as_of_31_December_2017_-_%E3%80%8C%E9%96%8B%E6%9B%BC%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E8
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== Gourmet Master Co. Ltd ==
== Gourmet Master Co. Ltd ==


[[File:Group structure and statistics of “Gourmet Master Co. Ltd.”, as of 31 December 2017 - 「開曼美食達人股份有限公司」的集團架構及統計，截至2017年12月31日.svg|thumb|Group structure and statistics of “Gourmet Master Co. Ltd.”, as of 31 December 2017, with hyperlinks to the ICIJ Offshore Leaks Database [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Group_structure_and_statistics_of_%E2%80%9CGourmet_Master_Co._Ltd.%E2%80%9D%2C_as_of_31_December_2017_-_%E3%80%8C%E9%96%8B%E6%9B%BC%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E3%80%8D%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98%E6%9E%B6%E6%A7%8B%E5%8F%8A%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%AA%E8%87%B32017%E5%B9%B412%E6%9C%8831%E6%97%A5.svg (cf. the SVG-version of this organigram to use the interactive legend situated top-left and top-right)].]]
[[File:Group structure and statistics of “Gourmet Master Co. Ltd.”, as of 31 December 2017 - 「開曼美食達人股份有限公司」的集團架構及統計，截至2017年12月31日.svg|thumb|Group structure and statistics of “Gourmet Master Co. Ltd.”, as of 31 December 2017, with hyperlinks to the ICIJ Offshore Leaks Database [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Group_structure_and_statistics_of_%E2%80%9CGourmet_Master_Co._Ltd.%E2%80%9D%2C_as_of_31_December_2017_-_%E3%80%8C%E9%96%8B%E6%9B%BC%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E3%80%8D%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98%E6%9E%B6%E6%A7%8B%E5%8F%8A%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%AA%E8%87%B32017%E5%B9%B412%E6%9C%8831%E6%97%A5.svg (cf. the original SVG-version with interactive legend situated top-left and top-right)].]]


In China, 85C Bakery Cafe stores are being advertised as from Taiwan, but in reality, the chain's main company (Gourmet Master Co. Ltd) is registered in the [[Cayman Islands]].<ref name="企業好大-稅好低">{{Cite news|url=https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=544|title=The Secrets behind the Shortfall. Big Companies, Low Taxes (企業好大　稅好低)|last1=Huang|first1=David|last2=Chen|first2=Yi-Shan|first3=Uidy|last3=Kao|date=2013-05-30|newspaper=天下雜誌 CommonWealth Magazine|access-date=2018-06-15}}</ref> Because this mother company is registered in the Cayman Islands, Taiwanese law regarding companies does not apply. After being established in 2004 Taiwan, undergoing equity restructuring in September 2009,<ref name="2017公司年報"/> the mother company became listed on the [[Taiwan Stock Exchange]] in November 2010,<ref name="2017公司年報"/> under the statute of a foreign company of first listing (thus designated as "F shares," with the "F" denoting "Foreign").<ref name="企業好大-稅好低"/>
In China, 85C Bakery Cafe stores are being advertised as from Taiwan, but in reality, the chain's main company (Gourmet Master Co. Ltd) is registered in the [[Cayman Islands]].<ref name="企業好大-稅好低">{{Cite news|url=https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=544|title=The Secrets behind the Shortfall. Big Companies, Low Taxes (企業好大　稅好低)|last1=Huang|first1=David|last2=Chen|first2=Yi-Shan|first3=Uidy|last3=Kao|date=2013-05-30|newspaper=天下雜誌 CommonWealth Magazine|access-date=2018-06-15}}</ref> Because this mother company is registered in the Cayman Islands, Taiwanese law regarding companies does not apply. After being established in 2004 Taiwan, undergoing equity restructuring in September 2009,<ref name="2017公司年報"/> the mother company became listed on the [[Taiwan Stock Exchange]] in November 2010,<ref name="2017公司年報"/> under the statute of a foreign company of first listing (thus designated as "F shares," with the "F" denoting "Foreign").<ref name="企業好大-稅好低"/>

Revision as of 19:42, 8 July 2018

Gourmet Master Co. Ltd
TWSE: 2723 OTCQX: GUMCF
IndustryFood and Beverage
Founded2004
HeadquartersGrand Cayman, Cayman Islands
Number of locations
China: 538家[1]

Taiwan: 400家[1]
United States: 44家[2]
Australia: 12家[3]

Hong Kong: 8家[1]
Key people
Wu Cheng-Hsueh (吳政學)
RevenueNT$23,018,413,000元[4] (2017)
WebsiteChinese:
China, Hong Kong, Taiwan
www.85cafe.com
English:
Australia
www.85cafe.com.au
United States
www.85cbakerycafe.com
A location in Songshan, Taipei

85°C Bakery Café, 85 Cafe, 85C Daily Cafe, or 85 Degrees C (Chinese: 85度C; pinyin: 85 Dù C) are brand names of an international chain of retailers selling coffee, tea, cakes, as well as desserts, smoothies, fruit juices, souvenirs and bakery products.[5] It has 1000 retail shops worldwide.[6] The chain's parent company (Gourmet Master Co. Ltd) is located in the Cayman Islands.[4]

History

Wu Cheng-Hsueh incorporated the company in January 2003 and opened the first shop in Bao-Ping, Taipei County (now New Taipei) in July 2004.[7] The name "85C" refers to Wu's belief that 85 °C (185 °F) is the optimal temperature to serve coffee.[8]

In September 2006, the company opened its first Australian store in Sydney.[7] A year later, the first store in China was opened in Shanghai.[7] The first store in Hong Kong was opened in 2012,[9] the first store in the United States in 2009, in Irvine.[10][11] The US central kitchen began operations in September 2013.[9] In March 2017, the chain's United States central kitchen in Brea, California became its first solar-powered facility worldwide.[12] The facility is expected to generate 527,702 kWh of power annually.

Revenue

In 2016, 67% of the chain's revenue came from China, while 18% came from Taiwan.[9] In 2013, the average US store generated more than US$700,000 in monthly sales, seven times more than an average store in China.[13]

Hygiene malpractices

On 24 July 2015, the newspaper China Times reported that a green tea of a retail store in Taoyuan, Taiwan, analyzed by the Department of Public Health of that city during a sampling event, contained 4.7 times as much bacteria as what would be allowed according the standard set by that Department. This could be due to poor sanitation or quality of ingredients or inappropriate handling during the production process.[14]

On 8 June 2018, the newspaper Apple Daily (Taiwan) and the TV network Chung T'ien Television reported of an ex-employee stating that a retail shop in Hualien City did not throw away beverage ingredients before their expiry dates as set by the 85C Bakery Cafe's policy, but instead substituted the date labels on the expired ingredients with newer ones, in an attempt to cover up the prolonged sales from inspection instances.[15][16][17]

Gourmet Master Co. Ltd

Group structure and statistics of “Gourmet Master Co. Ltd.”, as of 31 December 2017, with hyperlinks to the ICIJ Offshore Leaks Database (cf. the original SVG-version with interactive legend situated top-left and top-right).

In China, 85C Bakery Cafe stores are being advertised as from Taiwan, but in reality, the chain's main company (Gourmet Master Co. Ltd) is registered in the Cayman Islands.[18] Because this mother company is registered in the Cayman Islands, Taiwanese law regarding companies does not apply. After being established in 2004 Taiwan, undergoing equity restructuring in September 2009,[4] the mother company became listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange in November 2010,[4] under the statute of a foreign company of first listing (thus designated as "F shares," with the "F" denoting "Foreign").[18]

Because listed as "F shares", Wu Cheng-Hsueh and other major shareholders pay a mere 20 percent marginal tax rate on the dividends they receive instead of the top marginal tax rate of 40 percent they would have had to pay as shareholders in a Taiwanese company. During fiscal year 2011, for example, such dividends received by Wu Cheng-Hsueh amounted to more than NT$10 million in tax revenues lost to the Taiwanese government.[18]

Further more, because "Gourmet Master Co. Ltd" is registered in and retains profits in the low-tax haven Cayman Islands, during 2010, for example, Taiwan lost NT$167 million in corporate taxes which tax agencies otherwise would have been able to collect if the pre-tax profit would have been fully reported by a company in Taiwan.[18]

When the company became publicly listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange in November 2010, it had 3.85 million shares in its IPO.[13][19]

Underpayment

In 2008, there were 50 stores of 85C Bakery Cafe analyzed as part of a research by the "95 Youth Labor Union" of which 32 were found to be involved in unlawful practices. Among them, 22 stores were in violation of wage regulations and 29 were employing uninsured workers.[20]

From 2009 to October 2014, in Sydney, Australia, 85°C Bakery Cafe underpaid four workers (three Taiwanese nationals on Working Holiday Visas and one Chinese exchange student) only 56% of the lawful minimum wage. The Australian Fair Work Ombudsman ordered 85C Bakery Cafe to reimburse the workers for a total of 42,775 [AUD] it should have paid them had they been employed working for thee minimum wage they would be legally entitled to.[21]

Specialities

The chain is known for their sea salt coffee, made by sweetening their iced Americano and adding a sea salt whipped cream on the top. This coffee has been featured on TIME Magazine, CNN, and NPR.[22] The concept of this drink supposedly came from the Taiwanese habit of sprinkling salt on fruit to bring out the sweetness.[23]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c 曾, 麗芳 (24 January 2017). "85度C 拚全球總店數破千家". 工商時報. 台中報導. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  2. ^ "Locations". 85C. Perfect 85 Degrees C Inc. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  3. ^ "85 Degrees Bakery & Cafe, Sydney". Zomato. Urbanspoon/Zomato. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d 李, 翰霖; 傅, 柏翔 (30 April 2018). Annual Report 2017（2017公司年報） (PDF) (Report). Gourmet Master Co. Ltd. 股票代號：2723. 2018-06-13 {{cite report}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |authors= (help)
  5. ^ "商品專區". 85度C。咖啡。蛋糕。烘焙專賣店. Gourmet Master Co. Ltd. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  6. ^ http://www.houstonpress.com/restaurants/85-c-bakery-cafe-opens-in-bellaire-a-preview-9576216
  7. ^ a b c "Achievement 85度C成就". Gourmet Master Co, Ltd. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  8. ^ "Taiwan's coffee chain challenger". Financial Times. 30 August 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
  9. ^ a b c "Seventh Annual Hong Kong Investor Summit" (PDF). Gourmet Master Co, Ltd. 21 March 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  10. ^ Luna, Nancy (15 September 2008). "'Starbucks of Taiwan' set to open first U.S. cafe in O.C." OC Register. Archived from the original on 5 January 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Luna, Nancy (25 September 2008). "Preview: Asian bakery giant debuts first U.S. cafe Friday in O.C." OC Register. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
  12. ^ Joseph Bebon (28 March 2017). "Bakery/Cafe Chain Celebrates Its First Solar-Powered Facility". Solar Industry Magazine. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  13. ^ a b Lee, Wendy (29 January 2013). "'Starbucks of Taiwan' – 85 Degrees C – expands in Southern California (Photos)". Retrieved 20 February 2012.
  14. ^ 甘, 嘉雯 (24 July 2015). "85度C、大苑子 大腸桿菌超標". China Times.
  15. ^ 王, 文傑 (8 June 2018). "外籍生發傳單控改標　85度C：子虛烏有、已報警". 蘋果日報.
  16. ^ "晚間新聞(Live)(普), 18:00-19:30". 晚間新聞 (in Chinese). 8 June 2018. Event occurs at 19:10. CTI中天新聞HD. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
  17. ^ "20180609中天新聞　非法打工外國人發傳單　指控連鎖咖啡店竄改標籤". 中天新聞CH52 (NEWS CH52) (in Chinese). 9 June 2018. CTI中天新聞HD. Retrieved 9 June 2018. 這兩天花蓮不少人，拿到一張傳單，一名外籍人士，以中文自爆自己，在知名連鎖咖啡店非法打工期間，發現店長要求員工，違法更改過期標籤，他憤而離職後，決定站出來為食品安全說話，這張傳單也讓花蓮衛生局介入調查，雖然初步認定業者並無違法事證，但對於非法雇用外籍人士工作，主顧雙方恐怕都將先將吃上高額罰單，而這位出面指控的外國朋友，還可能被限制出境，但他表示儘管如此，他還是要說出真相。
  18. ^ a b c d Huang, David; Chen, Yi-Shan; Kao, Uidy (30 May 2013). "The Secrets behind the Shortfall. Big Companies, Low Taxes (企業好大　稅好低)". 天下雜誌 CommonWealth Magazine. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
  19. ^ "Gourmet Master shares skyrocket in bourse debut". Taipei Times. 23 November 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
  20. ^ 陳, 嘉恩 (20 June 2008). "885度C再爆亂扣薪。現金短少逼員工分攤 律師批：根本是詐財". 蘋果日報. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
  21. ^ Hatch, Patrick (7 July 2015). "85°C cafe chain gets $42,775 bill for paying workers $12 an hour". 悉尼先驅晨報 (The Sydney Morning Herald). Retrieved 15 June 2018.
  22. ^ Amos, Deborah (8 June 2010). "Sea Salt Latte: Is 85C The Next Coffee Craze?". NPR. Retrieved 8 November 2009.
  23. ^ Tso, Natalie (15 January 2009). "Some Salt with Your Coffee? Taiwan's Hot Drink". Time. Archived from the original on 16 February 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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