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2022 Brazilian general election

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2022 Brazilian general election
← 2018 2 October 2022 (2022-10-02) (first round)
30 October 2022 (2022-10-30) (second round, if necessary)		 2026 →
Opinion polls
Incumbent President

Jair Bolsonaro
Independent



Parliamentary election
All 513 seats of Chamber of Deputies
27 of 81 seats of the Federal Senate
Party Leader Current seats
Chamber of Deputies
PSL Vitor Hugo 53
PT Bohn Gass 53
PL Wellington Roberto 41
PP Cacá Leão 41
PSD Antonio Brito 35
MDB Isnaldo Bulhões Jr. 34
PSDB Rodrigo de Castro 32
Republicanos Hugo Motta 32
PSB Danilo Cabral 31
DEM Efraim Filho 27
Federal Senate
MDB Eduardo Braga 15
PSD Nelson Trad 11
PODE Alvaro Dias 9
PSDB Izalci Lucas 7
PP Daniella Ribeiro 7
DEM Marcos Rogério 6
PT Paulo Rocha 6
PDT Cid Gomes 3
PROS Telmário Mota 3
Cidadania Alessandro Vieira 2

General elections are scheduled to be held in Brazil on 2 October 2022[1] to elect the President, Vice President and the National Congress. Elections for state Governors and Vice Governors, State Legislative Assemblies and the Federal District Legislative Chamber will be held at the same time. Under a 2020 ruling by the Superior Electoral Court, political parties must allocate part of their lists and airtime during election campaign to black candidates.[2]

The Superior Electoral Court estimates that Brazil will have 148 million voters for the next election, making the country the second largest democracy in the Western Hemisphere and one of the largest in the world.[3]

Electoral system

Voting in Brazil is allowed for citizens over 16 years old and mandatory for those between 18 and 70 years old. Those who do not vote in an election and do not later present an acceptable justification (such as being absent from their voting location at the time) must pay a fine of 3.51 BRL (equivalent to 0.96 USD).[4][5] Brazilian citizens residing abroad are only allowed to vote for president.

Presidential elections

The President and Vice President of Brazil are elected using the two-round system. Citizens may field their candidacies for the Presidency and participate in the general elections, which are held on the first Sunday of October (in this instance, 2 October 2022).[6] If a candidate receives more than 50% of the overall vote, he/she is elected. If the 50% threshold is not met by any candidate, a second round of voting is held on the last Sunday of October (in this instance, 30 October 2022). In the second round, only the two candidates who receive the most votes from the first round may participate. The winner of the second round is elected President of Brazil. The President selects his/her Vice President.

Gubernatorial elections

The Governors and Vice Governors of all states and of the Federal District will be elected, in two rounds if needed, in the same way as the presidential election.

Congressional elections

Federal Senate elections

One-third of the 81 members of the Federal Senate will be elected, the other two-thirds having been elected in 2018. One candidate will be elected from each of the states and the Federal District using majority voting.[7]

Chamber of Deputies elections

All 513 members of the Chamber of Deputies (Federal Deputies) will be elected, with candidates elected from 27 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the states and the Federal District, varying in size from 8 to 70 seats. The Chamber elections are held using open list proportional representation, with seats allocated using the simple quotient. The remaining seats are allocated using the D'Hondt method.[8]

Legislative Assemblies elections

All members of the State Legislative Assemblies (State Deputies) and of the Federal District Legislative Chamber (District Deputies), varying in size from 24 to 94 seats, will be elected. These elections are also held using open list proportional representation, with seats allocated using the simple quotient.

Presidential candidates

Announced candidates

As of September 2021, the following politicians announced their candidacy, regardless the primaries of their respective parties. The Brazilian Constitution defines 5 July 2022 as the limit for definitive registration of candidates for President and Vice President.[9]

Candidate name and party Most recent political office Party logo Details Ref.
Jair Bolsonaro
Independent politician (IND) 		Jair Bolsonaro President of Brazil
(since 2019) 		No party Born in Glicério, São Paulo in 1955. Incumbent President of Brazil, Former Federal Deputy for the state of Rio de Janeiro and Councillor of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Retired Captain of the Brazilian Army. [10][11][12]
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Workers' Party (PT) 		Luís Inácio Lula da Silva President of Brazil
(2003–2010) 		Logo of Workers' Party Born in Caetés, Pernambuco in 1945. Former President of Brazil and Federal Deputy for the state of São Paulo. Retired Metalworker and trade unionist. [13][14][15]
Luiz Henrique Mandetta
Brazil Union 		Luiz Henrique Mandetta Minister of Health of Brazil
(2019–2020) 		Logo of Brazil Union Born in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso in 1964. Former Federal Deputy for Mato Grosso do Sul. Orthopedist. [16]
João Doria
Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) 		João Doria Governor of São Paulo
(since 2019) 		Logo of Brazilian Social Democracy Party Born in the city São Paulo in 1957. Incumbent Governor of São Paulo. Former Mayor of São Paulo. Businessman and journalist. [10][17]
Ciro Gomes
Democratic Labour Party (PDT) 		Ciro Gomes Federal Deputy for Ceará
(2007–2011) 		Logo of Alliance for Brazil Born in Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo in 1957. Former Minister of National Integration and Finance of Brazil, former Governor and Federal Deputy of Ceará. Lawyer and professor. [18]
José Luiz Datena
Brazil Union 		José Luiz Datena No prior public office Logo of Brazil Union Born in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo in 1957. TV presenter and journalist. [19]

Other potential candidates

Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB)

Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)

Main article: 2022 Brazilian Social Democracy Party presidential primary

The Brazilian Social Democracy Party is holding an primary election to define the Social Democratic nominne for President of Brazil.[22][23][24][25]

Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB)

Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL)

Christian Democracy (DC)

Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB)

Democrats (DEM)

Liberal Party (PL)

New Party (NOVO)

Podemos (PODE)

Social Christian Party (PSC)

Social Democratic Party (PSD)

Probed: Rodrigo Pacheco – President of the Federal Senate since 2021; Senator for Minas Gerais since 2019.[35]

Social Liberal Party (PSL)

Workers' Party (PT)

Independents

Declined to be candidates

Vice presidential candidates

Potential candidates

Brazilian Labour Party (PTB)

Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)

Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB)

Democrats (DEM)

Republicanos

Workers' Party (PT)

Independents

Congress

The result of the last general election and the current situation in the National Congress is given below:

Chamber of Deputies

Affiliation Members +/–
Elected Current
PT 56 52 Decrease4
PSL 52 53 Increase1
PP 37 40 Increase3
MDB 34 35 Increase1
PSD 34 33 Decrease1
PL 33 42 Increase9
PSB 32 30 Decrease2
Republicanos 30 32 Increase2
PSDB 29 33 Increase4
DEM 29 29 Steady
PDT 28 26 Decrease2
Solidarity 13 14 Increase1
PODE 11 10 Decrease1
PSOL 10 10 Steady
PTB 10 11 Increase1
PCdoB 9 7 Decrease2
NOVO 8 8 Steady
PROS 8 11 Increase3
PSC 8 10 Increase2
Cidadania 8 7 Decrease1
Avante 7 8 Increase1
Humanist Party of Solidarity (Brazil) 6 0 Decrease6
Patriota 5 6 Increase1
PV 4 4 Steady
PRP 4 0 Decrease4
PMN 3 0 Decrease3
PTC 2 0 Decrease2
REDE 1 1 Steady
PPL 1 0 Decrease1
DC 1 0 Decrease1
Total 513

Federal Senate

Each of the 26 states and the Federal District will have one of its three Senate seats contested.

Affiliation Members +/– Seats up
this election
Elected Current
MDB 12 15 Increase3 7
PSDB 8 7 Decrease1 3
PSD 7 11 Increase4 2
PP 6 7 Increase1 3
PT 6 6 Steady 2
DEM 6 6 Steady 2
REDE 5 2 Decrease3 0
PDT 5 3 Decrease2 1
PODE 5 9 Increase4 3
PSL 4 2 Decrease2 0
PTB 3 0 Decrease3 No seat
PSB 2 1 Decrease1 0
Cidadania 2 3 Increase1 0
Humanist Party of Solidarity (Brazil) 2 0 Decrease2 No seat
PL 2 3 Increase1 2
Republicanos 1 2 Increase1 0
Solidarity 1 0 Decrease1 No seat
PROS 1 3 Increase2 2
PSC 1 1 Steady 0
PRP 1 0 Decrease1 No seat
PTC 1 0 Decrease1 No seat
Total 81 27

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2022 Brazilian general election

Notes

References

  1. ^ "Brasil terá eleições livres em 2022 e com instituições funcionando, diz Barroso". G1. 4 October 2021.
  2. ^ Teixeira, Fabio (26 August 2020). "Brazil fights racism with new campaign rules for Black politicians" – via www.reuters.com.
  3. ^ "Censo da democracia: Brasil tem 147,9 milhões de eleitores aptos a votar nas Eleições 2020". TSE. 8 March 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  4. ^ "Justificativa Eleitoral" (in Portuguese). Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  5. ^ "Tira-dúvidas dos eleitores" (in Portuguese). Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  6. ^ "Legal Research Guide: Brazil - The Executive Branch". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  7. ^ "Federal Senate electoral system". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  8. ^ "Chamber of Deputies electoral system". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  9. ^ "Registro de candidatura". TSE (in Portuguese).
  10. ^ a b Tavares, Joelmir (29 June 2019). "Rival de Bolsonaro para 2022, Doria afaga Moro e aproveita imagem do ex-juiz" (in Portuguese). Folha de S. Paulo. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
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  26. ^ Xavier, Mauren. "Eduardo Leite aceita ser alternativa tucana à Presidência da República". Correio do Povo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 14 February 2021.
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  35. ^ a b "Kassab confirma Pacheco como opção do PSD a presidente: 'deixará DEM'". UOL Notícias (in Portuguese). 13 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  36. ^ "De olho nas eleições de 2022, Cabo Daciolo tenta recriar partido de Enéas – Jovem Pan". De olho nas eleições de 2022, Cabo Daciolo tenta recriar partido de Enéas – Jovem Pan (in Brazilian Portuguese). 7 December 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
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  40. ^ "Wilson Witzel planeja concorrer à presidência em 2022 | Radar". VEJA.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 18 July 2019.
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