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Oppenheimer (film)

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Oppenheimer
J. Robert Oppenheimer in a hat and suit stands in front of the nuclear bomb.
Theatrical release poster
Directed byChristopher Nolan
Screenplay byChristopher Nolan
Based on
American Prometheus
by
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyHoyte van Hoytema
Edited byJennifer Lame
Music byLudwig Göransson
Production
companies
Distributed byUniversal Pictures
Release dates
  • July 11, 2023 (2023-07-11) (Le Grand Rex)
  • July 21, 2023 (2023-07-21) (United States and United Kingdom)
Running time
180 minutes[1]
Countries
  • United States
  • United Kingdom
LanguageEnglish
Budget$100 million[2]

Oppenheimer is a 2023 epic biographical thriller film written and directed by Christopher Nolan. It is based on the 2005 biography American Prometheus by Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin about J. Robert Oppenheimer, a theoretical physicist who was pivotal in developing the first nuclear weapons as part of the Manhattan Project and thereby ushering in the Atomic Age. The film stars Cillian Murphy as the title character, with a supporting ensemble cast including Emily Blunt, Matt Damon, Robert Downey Jr., Florence Pugh, Josh Hartnett, Casey Affleck, Rami Malek, and Kenneth Branagh. The film is a co-production between Syncopy Inc. and Atlas Entertainment, with Nolan producing the film alongside Emma Thomas and Charles Roven.

The film was announced in September 2021 when Universal Pictures won the bidding war. Murphy was the first member of the cast to join, signing on to portray Oppenheimer in October, while the main cast signed on between November 2021 and April 2022. Pre-production was underway by January 2022 and filming began in the following month and wrapped that May, with cinematographer Hoyte van Hoytema. It was filmed in a combination of IMAX 65mm and 65mm large-format film—including, for the first time, sections in IMAX black-and-white analog photography. Like his previous works, Nolan utilised extensive practical effects and minimal computer-generated imagery. In its post-production, editing was completed by Jennifer Lame and the score was composed by Ludwig Göransson, as well as visual effects provided by DNEG.

Oppenheimer premiered at Le Grand Rex in Paris on July 11, 2023 and is scheduled to be theatrically released in the United Kingdom and United States on July 21, 2023, by Universal Pictures. It is Nolan's first film not to be distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures domestically or internationally since Memento (2000), as well as his first film to receive an R rating since Insomnia (2002).

Cast

Actor Cillian Murphy at Peaky Blinder Premiere Birmingham. World Premiere of Peaky Blinders Season 2.
Portrait of J. Robert Oppenheimer, first director of Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Cillian Murphy (L) plays J. Robert Oppenheimer (R).

Production

Development

In December 2020, Warner Bros. Pictures announced plans to give its 2021 films simultaneous releases in theaters and on HBO Max, citing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the film industry. Christopher Nolan, who had partnered with the studio on each one of his films starting with Insomnia (2002), expressed his disbelief with the decision.[42] In January 2021, media reports mentioned the possibility that Nolan's next film could be the first to not be financed or distributed by Warner Bros.[43] Nolan had previously supported the studio's decision to give Wonder Woman 1984 (2020) a simultaneous release, stating that he perceived this situation to have been handled properly, but said he had been excluded from any discussions regarding the postponed release of his film Tenet (2020).[44][45]

In September 2021, Deadline Hollywood reported that Nolan would write and direct a biographical film set during World War II about J. Robert Oppenheimer, creator of the atomic bomb, with Cillian Murphy in negotiations to star.[46] Towards the conclusion of Tenet's production, actor Robert Pattinson had given Nolan a book containing Oppenheimer's speeches. He had felt that as Tenet's main idea was "What if you could un-invent an awful technology? What if the toothpaste could be put back in the tube?", making the film would have been a logical extension.[47] Nolan approached multiple studios for the project, including Sony Pictures, Universal Pictures, Paramount Pictures, and Apple Studios due to his strained relationship with Warner Bros.[48][49] According to insiders, Paramount was out of the selection early on in the wake of the replacement of CEO and Chairman Jim Gianopulos with Brian Robbins, an advocate for increased streaming service releases.[49] On September 14, it was confirmed that Universal would finance and distribute the film, with production set to begin in the first quarter of 2022.[50] Some of Nolan's demands included a production budget of $100 million and an equal marketing budget, a theatrical window of at least 100 days, 20 percent of the film's first-dollar gross, and a three-week period before and after the film's release in which Universal could not release another new film.[49]

Christopher Nolan at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival.
Writer, director, and producer Christopher Nolan

Writing

Oppenheimer is the first script written by Christopher Nolan in the first person, as he wanted the narrative to be conveyed from Oppenheimer's perspective.[51] He had also deliberately chosen to alternate between scenes in color and black-and-white, explaining that he wanted the film to be conveyed from both an objective and subjective perspective.[52] Desiring to make the film as subjective as possible, the production team had to decided to visualize Oppenheimer's conceptions of the quantum world and waves of energy.[53] He had begun by trying to find the "thread that connected the quantum realm, the vibration of energy, and Oppenheimer's own personal journey" and had sought to portray the difficulties in his life, particular in regards to his sexual life. As such, Nolan wanted to candidly portray his affair with Jean Tatlock. Additionally, he was also inspired by his fears of nuclear holocaust, as he had lived during the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) and the anti-nuclear protests in RAF Greenham Common, noting that "while our relationship with that fear has ebbed and flowed with time, the threat itself never actually went away" and felt the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine had caused a resurgence of nuclear anxiety.[47] Emily Blunt had described the script as being "emotional" and resembling that of a thriller film. She had also commented that she felt Nolan had "Trojan-Horsed a biopic into a thriller".[54]

I think of any character I've dealt with, Oppenheimer is by far the most ambiguous and paradoxical. Which, given that I've made three Batman films, is saying a lot.

— Christopher Nolan, Total Film[55]

Casting

Oppenheimer marks the sixth collaboration between Nolan and Murphy, and the first starring Murphy as the lead. To prepare for the role, the actor did what he summarized as "an awful lot of reading" on Oppenheimer's life.[56][3] Nolan had called Murphy one day requesting him to play the part, and Murphy had enthusiastically accepted his offer and was excited to play a lead role in a Nolan film. Afterwards, Nolan flew to Dublin to meet with Murphy, who had read the script in his hotel room by September 2020.[57] The casting process was so secretive that some of the actors did not know which role they were going to play until they signed on.[29] Robert Downey Jr., Matt Damon, and Emily Blunt took pay cuts to work on the film, earning $4 million each in lieu of their usual $10–20 million salaries.[58]

Filming

Filming took place at the University of California, Berkeley in May 2022.

Pre-production was underway by January 2022 in New Mexico, where a two-day casting call took place in Santa Fe and Los Alamos for people to audition to play local residents, military personnel and scientists.[59][60] Another casting call was held in February.[61] Filming began in late February 2022,[13] with Hoyte van Hoytema serving as cinematographer. Gary Oldman said he would be on set for a day in May for "one scene, a page and a half".[38] Nolan's eldest daughter, Flora, had also filmed a scene in which she played a young woman in an explosion as part of a vision from Oppenheimer. His intention of including the scene was to convey that "the point is that if you create the ultimate destructive power, it will also destroy those who are near and dear to you" and felt that doing so was the best way of expressing it.[47]

The film used a combination of IMAX 65 mm and 65 mm large-format film.[3] It is also the first film to shoot sections on IMAX black and white photographic film.[62] In the second week of April, filming took place at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.[63] Filming also occurred in California,[19] primarily around the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.[64] Filming was wrapped after four months in May 2022.[65]

Filming involved the use of real explosives to recreate the Trinity nuclear test, forgoing the use of computer-generated graphics.[66] A special set was created with gasoline, propane, aluminum powder, and magnesium being used.[47] While using miniatures for the practical effect, the movie's special effects supervisor Scott R. Fisher referred to them as "big-atures", as the team tried to make the models as large as possible. A whole 1940s-style town was also built from scratch.[67]

Post-production

During post-production, editing was completed by Jennifer Lame, who previously edited Tenet.[3] Visual effects were handled by DNEG, marking their eighth collaboration with Nolan. Andrew Jackson was the visual effects supervisor.[68]

The film received an R rating from the Motion Picture Association for "some sexuality, nudity, and language", making it Nolan's first film to receive that rating since Insomnia (2002).[69]

Music

Main article: Oppenheimer (soundtrack)

Ludwig Göransson composed the score for the film, after doing so for Nolan's previous film, Tenet.[3] Göransson's score was featured in a trailer for the film on May 8, 2023.[70] It was also featured in the Universal Pictures exclusive five-minute Opening Look on July 13.[71][72]

Release

See also: Barbenheimer

Oppenheimer had the world premiere at Le Grand Rex in Paris, France on July 11, 2023,[73] followed by the British premiere at Odeon Luxe Leicester Square in London, England, United Kingdom on July 13,[74] and is set to have an American premiere at AMC Loews Lincoln Square in New York City on July 17.[75] Both London and New York premieres were affected by the ongoing SAG-AFTRA strike, as some actors left the London premiere early,[74] and Universal Pictures cancelled the red carpet event for the New York premiere.[75] It is scheduled to be released theatrically on July 21, 2023, by Universal Pictures.[3][76][77] In addition to standard cinemas, it will be also released in various film formats including IMAX 70 mm (30 prints), standard 70 mm (113 prints) and 35 mm (around 80 prints).[78]

The film is set to be released on the same day as Barbie, a romantic comedy film directed by Greta Gerwig, part of Mattel's Barbie fashion dolls and media franchise, and distributed by Warner Bros. Due to the tonal and genre contrast between the two films, many social media users have taken to making memes about how the two films represent different audiences,[79] and how they should be viewed as a double feature.[80] The trend has been dubbed "Barbenheimer".[81] In an interview with La Vanguardia, Cillian Murphy endorsed the phenomenon, saying "My advice would be for people to go see both, on the same day. If they are good films, then that's cinema's gain."[82][83]

Marketing

The film's teaser trailer was released on July 28, 2022, featuring a live countdown to 5:29 AM (MST) on July 16, 2023, the 78th anniversary of the first detonation of an atomic weapon; it premiered in screenings of Nope before being posted online on Universal's social media profiles.[84] Empire commented that, "It looks like heady, brooding stuff with a real sense of weight—a Christopher Nolan film, in other words."[85] In May 2023, an official trailer debuted during preview screenings of Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3. It was subsequently released to the public on May 8, 2023, alongside a theatrical release poster.[86]

Reception

Box office

In the United States and Canada, industry tracking for the opening weekend ranged from The Hollywood Reporter's $40 million[87] to Deadline Hollywood's $40–50 million,[88] while Boxoffice Pro speculated an opening weekend of $45–52 million.[89]

In 2021, Variety speculated, based on estimates from sources at rival studios, that the film would need to gross $400 million worldwide to be profitable.[90]

Accolades

Oppenheimer received nominations for Best Thriller, Best Drama TV Spot (for a Feature Film), Best Sound Editing in a TV Spot (for a Feature Film), and Best Thriller TV Spot (for a Feature Film); and won Best Drama, Best Summer 2023 Blockbuster Trailer, and Best Sound Editing at the 2023 Golden Trailer Awards.[91][92] It became a runner-up for Most Anticipated Film at the 6th Hollywood Critics Association Midseason Film Awards.[93]

References

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