Jump to content

Abeokuta

Coordinates: 7°9′39″N 3°20′54″E / 7.16083°N 3.34833°E / 7.16083; 3.34833
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Myrkwosi (talk | contribs) at 20:44, 11 July 2024 (Some grammatical errors corrected.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Abeokuta
City
Abeokuta from Olumo Rock
Abeokuta from Olumo Rock
Abeokuta is located in Nigeria
Abeokuta
Abeokuta
Location in Nigeria
Coordinates: 7°9′39″N 3°20′54″E / 7.16083°N 3.34833°E / 7.16083; 3.34833
Country Nigeria
StateOgun State
Founded1830
Area
 • City879 km2 (339 sq mi)
Elevation
66 m (217 ft)
Population
 (2006[1])
 • City451,607
 • Density510/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
 • Metro
1,117,000
National languageYorùbá

Abeokuta is the capital city of Ogun State in southwest Nigeria. It is situated on the east bank of the Ogun River, near a group of rocky outcrops in a wooded savanna;[2][3] 77 kilometres (48 mi) north of Lagos by railway, or 130 kilometres (81 mi) by water. As of 2006, Abeokuta and the surrounding area had a population of 449,088.[4]

Geography and economy

Abẹokuta lies in fertile country of wooded savanna, the surface of which is broken by masses of grey granite. It spreads over an extensive area, being surrounded by mud walls 18 miles in extent.[5] Palm oil, lumber, natural rubber, yams, rice, cassava, maize, cotton, other fruits, and shea butter are the chief articles of trade. It is a key export location for cocoa, palm products, fruit, and kola nuts.[2] Both rice and cotton were introduced by the missionaries in the 1850s and have become integral parts of the economy, along with the dye indigo.[6]

Abeokuta lies below the Olumo Rock, home to several caves and shrines.[7] The city depends on the Oyan River Dam for its water supply, which is not always dependable.[8] The dam is situated in the Abeokuta North local government area of Ogun State in the West of Nigeria, about 20 km northwest of the state capital Abeokuta. The dam crosses the Oyan River, a tributary of the Ogun River.[9]

Abeokuta is the headquarters of the federal Ogun-Oshun River Basin Authority, which is responsible for development of land and water resources for Lagos, Ogun, and Oyo states. Included in this are irrigation, food-processing, and electrification.[2]

Local industries include but not limited to fruit canning plants, plastics, breweries, sawmills, and an aluminum products factory. South of town are the Aro granite quarries.[2]

Transportation

Aerial view of the new railway station

Abeokuta is connected to nearby Lagos by a railway that was completed in 1899, with a length of 77 kilometres (48 mi). Since 2021 there is a standard gauge railway line Lagos-Ibadan, which stops at Abeokuta.[10] For this a new railway building has been built in Abeokuta. Tickets are bought by online booking only.[11]

Abeokuta Taxi

Roads connect it to Lagos as well as Ibadan, Ilaro, Shagamu, Iseyin, Sango Ota, and Ketou.[2]

History

An account suggests that the early Abeokuta settlements were established by Yoruba migrants from various places within Yoruba land. According to The History of the Yorubas by Samuel Johnson, Eso Ikoyi chiefs in the retinue of the first Alake of the Egba joined him in founding a new community - the confederacy of towns that became known as Orile Egba - in the forest after they left the nascent Oyo empire in around the 13th century AD.[12] Orile Egba continued to exist until its destruction during the Yoruba Civil Wars of the 19th century. As a result, many of the leading families of the Egba claim descent from the Eso Ikoyis today.

Abeokuta was founded as a replacement for Orile Egba in around 1830 by the Egbas after the collapse of the Oyo empire during the civil war. The city was founded because of its strong defensive physical position by refugees trying to protect themselves against slave raiders from Dahomey, who were trying to benefit from the war.[13]

The Owu-focused account states that in 1817, the Oyo Empire dissolved into civil war. Refugees displaced by the collapse of Oyo joined with the Ijebu in their war against the Owu in southern Yorubaland, which had broken out around the same time. Following the fall of Owu in around 1822, the leading Ife and Ijebu generals returned to their respective homes, but the rest of the armies that had allied with the Oyo refugees were invited by the Ijebus to Ipara, which they made their headquarters for further attacks against several towns in the region. This group then turned their attention to waging war with the Egba, a loose confederacy of towns that had been established by Yoruba migrants in the 13th century and were spread throughout the forested land between Ipara and Ibadan. The group conquered and destroyed many of these towns, eventually settling in one of the villages that had not been completely destroyed, Ibadan, which they used as their headquarters for additional conquests.[14][15][16]

Aerial view of Abeokuta in 1929

At least a handful of Egba groups had by this point joined the group of marauders, and they too were living at Ibadan. Conflict between the various groups arose, and in one incident, an Egba chief named Lamodi shot an Ife chief named Ege to death with a pistol at a public meeting before himself being killed in the ensuing commotion. Fearing Ife reprisal, most of the Egba population withdrew as a group to an encampment about 3 or 4 miles distant on the other side of the Ona River. Here they enlisted Sodeke to be their leader and migrated to a hilly area known as Olumo Rock, where they established the town of Abeokuta around 1830 at what was then a small farming village.[15][17][18]

Nevertheless, all accounts agree that in the 19th century, the Olumo Rock became a place of refuge for displaced Yoruba people during the Yoruba Revolutionary Wars, and from the Dahomey slave hunters.[19][20] People were scattered throughout the landscape, taking shelter among the rocks surrounding the settlement. The Egba who established Abeokuta were soon joined by other Egba refugees and a substantial number of Owu who had escaped their captors. It became a busy metropolis and home to the majority of the Egba. However, the various groups of Egba did not fuse into a single community; rather, Abeokuta functioned more as a "federation of communities within a town wall than a community in its own right".[21]

A short introductory expose of The Egbas in Egba dialect by a native speaker

Because Abeokuta was in a key location for the palm oil trade and because it was the so-called capital of the Egbas, Dahomey soon became hostile. In the 1851 Battle of Abeokuta, the Egba defeated King Gezo and the Dahomey incursion. They again beat back the Dahomey military in 1864.[2][22]

The 1860s also saw problems arise with the Europeans, namely the British in Lagos, which led to the Egba first closing trade routes, followed by the expulsion of missionaries and traders in 1867.[2] Between 1877 and 1893 the Yoruba Civil Wars occurred, and Abeokuta opposed Ibadan, which led the king or alake of the Egba to sign an alliance with the British governor, Sir Gilbert Carter. This occurred in 1893, which formalized the Egba United Government based in Abẹokuta which became recognized by the United Kingdom.[2] In 1914, the Egba lands were incorporated into the colony of Nigeria by the British, with Abeokuta as the provincial capital.[2][22]

In 1918, an uprising took place, the Adubi War, which was related to the levying of taxes and the policy of indirect rule by Sir Frederick Lugard, the British Governor-General.[2] This was the only internal threat to British control of Nigeria during the course of the First World War.[23]

The Abeokuta Women's Revolt, led by the Abeokuta Women's Union (AWU), took place in the 1940s. It was a resistance movement against the imposition of unfair taxation by the Nigerian colonial government.[24]

In 1976, Abeokuta became the capital of the newly created Ogun State.[verification needed][25]

Tourism

Olumo Rock in Abeokuta

Abeokuta's name already refers to several rock formations in the neighbourhood, especially Olumo Rock. Visitors should be aware that the rock has a spiritual significance and respectful behaviour is therefore strongly recommended.

Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library

The Presidential Library of Olusegun Obasanjo is another tourist destination in Abeokuta. (As a colonel in the Biafra War, Obasanjo carried out the decisive operation to defeat the secessionist region of Biafra, was later Chief of Staff under dictator Murtala Mohammed, escaped assassination by mistaken identity during a coup, became dictator himself and led his country into democracy; was on death row under Sani Abacha and then democratically elected twice as the first president of the Fourth Republic which still exists today). The library is less a library than a museum about the eventful life of the general and politician.[26]

Climate

Climate data for Abeokuta (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 39.4
(102.9) 		40.1
(104.2) 		39.8
(103.6) 		39.0
(102.2) 		39.6
(103.3) 		35.6
(96.1) 		34.5
(94.1) 		34.2
(93.6) 		34.0
(93.2) 		38.0
(100.4) 		37.7
(99.9) 		38.4
(101.1) 		40.1
(104.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 35.3
(95.5) 		36.5
(97.7) 		35.8
(96.4) 		34.6
(94.3) 		33.0
(91.4) 		31.3
(88.3) 		29.8
(85.6) 		29.4
(84.9) 		30.3
(86.5) 		31.9
(89.4) 		34.0
(93.2) 		34.9
(94.8) 		33.1
(91.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 28.8
(83.8) 		30.4
(86.7) 		30.5
(86.9) 		29.8
(85.6) 		28.6
(83.5) 		27.5
(81.5) 		26.4
(79.5) 		26.1
(79.0) 		26.7
(80.1) 		27.6
(81.7) 		28.8
(83.8) 		28.7
(83.7) 		28.3
(82.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 22.3
(72.1) 		24.3
(75.7) 		25.1
(77.2) 		25.0
(77.0) 		24.3
(75.7) 		23.6
(74.5) 		23.1
(73.6) 		22.9
(73.2) 		23.1
(73.6) 		23.3
(73.9) 		23.5
(74.3) 		22.5
(72.5) 		23.6
(74.5)
Record low °C (°F) 10.2
(50.4) 		12.3
(54.1) 		16.0
(60.8) 		18.0
(64.4) 		19.0
(66.2) 		19.6
(67.3) 		19.6
(67.3) 		19.2
(66.6) 		19.7
(67.5) 		19.0
(66.2) 		13.9
(57.0) 		11.8
(53.2) 		10.2
(50.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 5.3
(0.21) 		24.9
(0.98) 		70.5
(2.78) 		117.9
(4.64) 		164.6
(6.48) 		189.4
(7.46) 		192.1
(7.56) 		103.3
(4.07) 		203.4
(8.01) 		146.1
(5.75) 		23.7
(0.93) 		5.2
(0.20) 		1,246.3
(49.07)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 0.6 2.0 5.2 7.7 10.7 12.3 11.7 9.0 12.9 11.6 2.2 0.5 86.3
Average relative humidity (%) 76.0 79.7 84.3 87.3 89.0 90.1 89.6 88.6 89.7 89.6 85.5 78.5 85.7
Source: NOAA[27]

Notable buildings

Abeokuta was once surrounded by 18 miles of wall,[23] and remnants of the historic wall still exist today. Ake, the traditional residence of the Alake, along with Centenary Hall (1930), are both in the Egba Alake's territory. There are secondary and primary schools and the University of Lagos Abeokuta Campus opened in 1984.[2] This campus specializes in science, agriculture, and technology. This has since been changed to an independent full-fledged tertiary institution, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) in 1988.[28]

The Green Legacy Resort is a large resort/hotel[29] built by former president Olusegun Obasanjo and investors. The Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library (OOPL) is also located within the grounds of the resort.[30]

The Governor's office located at Oke-Mosan is also a notable building. The Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) located at Alabata road in Abeokuta is also one of the notable buildings in Abeokuta and one of the most beautiful public University campuses in Nigeria.[31][32]

Notable people from Abeokuta

  • Some important places in Abeokuta
  • Akin Olugbade Social Centre, Owu, Abeokuta, Ogun state
    Akin Olugbade Social Centre, Owu, Abeokuta, Ogun state
  • Abeokuta Girls Grammar School, Onikolobo, Abeokuta, Ogun state
    Abeokuta Girls Grammar School, Onikolobo, Abeokuta, Ogun state
  • Entrance of Olumo Rock
    Entrance of Olumo Rock
  • Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Main Entrance
    Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Main Entrance
  • Owu entrance to Chief Olusegun Obasanjo family house
    Owu entrance to Chief Olusegun Obasanjo family house
  • Ministry of works vehicle inspection station sign-post, Abeokuta, Ogun state
    Ministry of works vehicle inspection station sign-post, Abeokuta, Ogun state
  • Kuto Road in Abeokuta.
    Kuto Road in Abeokuta.
  • The "Rock of Abeokuta", as drawn c.1892
    The "Rock of Abeokuta", as drawn c.1892
  • Aerial view of Abeokuta, 1929
    Aerial view of Abeokuta, 1929
  • Diocese of Egba (Anglican Communion)
    Diocese of Egba (Anglican Communion)
  • Alaba Lawson School, Abeokuta
    Alaba Lawson School, Abeokuta
  • Ibara Baptist Nursery/Primary School, Abeokuta
    Ibara Baptist Nursery/Primary School, Abeokuta
  • Alhaji M.A. Tijanni (Baba MAT), Asero, Abeokuta
    Alhaji M.A. Tijanni (Baba MAT), Asero, Abeokuta
  • Cathedral of St. Peter Anglican church, Abeokuta
    Cathedral of St. Peter Anglican church, Abeokuta
  • Cathedral of St. Peter Anglican church, Abeokuta
    Cathedral of St. Peter Anglican church, Abeokuta
  • Church Cathedral, Ibara, Abeokuta
    Church Cathedral, Ibara, Abeokuta
  • Cinema at Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library, Abeokuta.jpg
    Cinema at Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library, Abeokuta.jpg
  • Central Bank of Nigeria, Abeokuta
    Central Bank of Nigeria, Abeokuta
  • Conference Hotel, Abeokuta
    Conference Hotel, Abeokuta
  • Egba High School, ABeokuta
    Egba High School, ABeokuta
  • General Post Office, Sapon, Abeokuta.jpg
    General Post Office, Sapon, Abeokuta.jpg
  • Green Legacy Resort, Abeokuta
    Green Legacy Resort, Abeokuta
  • High Court building, Abeokuta.jpg
    High Court building, Abeokuta.jpg
  • Ibara Market mall, Abeokuta.jpg
    Ibara Market mall, Abeokuta.jpg
  • Ibara Market mall, Abeokuta.jpg
    Ibara Market mall, Abeokuta.jpg
  • Ogun Government House, Abeokuta
    Ogun Government House, Abeokuta
  • Ogun Tech-Hub building, Abeokuta
    Ogun Tech-Hub building, Abeokuta
  • Olubara of Ibara palace, Abeokuta
    Olubara of Ibara palace, Abeokuta
  • Olusegun Obasanjo hilltop G.R.A, Abeokuta
    Olusegun Obasanjo hilltop G.R.A, Abeokuta
  • OPIC building, Abeokuta.jpg
    OPIC building, Abeokuta.jpg
  • Osile of Egba land palace, Abeokuta2.jpg
    Osile of Egba land palace, Abeokuta2.jpg
  • Salawu Abiola Comprehensive School, Abeokuta2.jpg
    Salawu Abiola Comprehensive School, Abeokuta2.jpg
  • St. Centenary hall, Abeokuta
    St. Centenary hall, Abeokuta
  • St. John church, Sagamu
    St. John church, Sagamu
  • Abeokuta Central Mosque
    Abeokuta Central Mosque

References

  1. ^ "FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA : 2006 Population Census" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abeokuta". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. 27. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
  3. ^ "Abeokuta | Global Future Cities Programme". www.globalfuturecities.org. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  4. ^ "Abeokuta | Nigeria, Map, History, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  5. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Abeokuta". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 42.
  6. ^ "AFRICA | 101 Last Tribes - Yoruba-Egba people". www.101lasttribes.com. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  7. ^ Kola Tubosun (16 April 2014). "Abeokuta's Living History". KTravula.com.
  8. ^ Dimeji Kayode-Adedeji (23 February 2010). "Water scarcity bites harder in Abeokuta". Next. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  9. ^ "Flood threat: Ogun border community cries out over opening Oyan River dam". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 22 September 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  10. ^ Segun Adewole (10 June 2021). The Punch Newspaper (ed.). "Buhari inaugurates Lagos-Ibadan Railway project" – via 2021-12-04.
  11. ^ Gbenga Akinfenwa (31 October 2021). "Unpleasant tales from Lagos-Ibadan train service". The Guardian – via 2021-12-01.
  12. ^ Sotunde, F.I. (2002), "Egba Chieftaincy Institution", p 61.
  13. ^ Blair, J.H. (1937), Intelligence Report on Abeokuta.
  14. ^ Law, Robin (1997). Middleton, John (ed.). Encyclopedia of Africa south of the Sahara (4th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. OL 684550M.
  15. ^ a b Johnson, Samuel (1921). The History of the Yorubas: From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the British Protectorate. Lagos: C.M.S. (Nigeria) Bookshops. pp. 223–226.
  16. ^ Usman, Aribidesi; Toyin Falola (2019). The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 168–170.
  17. ^ Usman; Falola (2019). The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present. p. 170.
  18. ^ Davies, Lanre (2016). Jimoh, Mufutau Oluwasegun; Oloruntola, Philip (eds.). The Balogun in Yoruba land: The Changing Fortunes of a Military Institution. Ibadan: Bookbuilders. pp. 153–154.
  19. ^ Blair, J.H. (1937), Intelligence Report on Abeokuta.
  20. ^ Usman; Falola, Toyin (2019). The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present. p. 171.
  21. ^ Usman; Falola, Toyin (2019). The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present. p. 171.
  22. ^ a b Canby, Courtlandt. The Encyclopedia of Historic Places. (New York: Facts on File Publications, 1984), p. 2.
  23. ^ a b "Abeokuta". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Vol. 1 (14 ed.). 1930. p. 34.
  24. ^ Byfield, Judith A. (2003). "Taxation, Women, and the Colonial State: Egba Women's Revolt". Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism. 3 (2): 250–77. JSTOR 40338582.
  25. ^ awujale. "obasanjo-made-abeokuta-ogun-state-capital". Vanguard.
  26. ^ "Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library (Abeokuta) - Lohnt es sich? Aktuell für 2024 (Mit fotos)". Tripadvisor (in German). Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  27. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Abeokuta". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  28. ^ "Historical Background - FUNAAB". 13 August 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  29. ^ Olokesusi, Femi (1 January 1990). "An assessment of hotels in Abeokuta, Nigeria and its implications for tourists". International Journal of Hospitality Management. 9 (2): 125–134. doi:10.1016/0278-4319(90)90007-K. ISSN 0278-4319.
  30. ^ "Inside Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 3 March 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  31. ^ "Is This The Most Beautiful University Campus in Nigeria? [See Pics]". 21 December 2016.
  32. ^ "is this the most beautiful university campus in Nigeria?". NigerianFacts.com. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  33. ^ editing (12 June 2021). "JUNE 12 SPECIAL: Short Profile of Late Chief MKO Abiola". Sahara Reporters. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  34. ^ Mohammed, Yakubu (12 June 2019). "The legend called M.K.O". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  35. ^ "Simeon Adebo: The Unforgettable Civil Servant -". The NEWS. 20 May 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  36. ^ "Inside Odunlade Adekola's Family Life With Wife Ruth and The Children They Share". BuzzNigeria - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News. 9 April 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  37. ^ "Six Nollywood actors turned meme kings". Punch Newspapers. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  38. ^ "Bola Ajibola at 85: A judge must be free of iniquity..." Vanguard News. 28 April 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  39. ^ "PASTOR BAKARE AT 66: Youths aren't Nigeria's problem, I once apologised that we failed them". Vanguard News. 15 November 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  40. ^ TODAY (30 June 2018). "In Pictures: VP Osinbajo attends funeral service of Pastor Bakare's mum". TODAY. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  41. ^ "Dimeji Bankole to remarry, weds Kebbi governor's daughter". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 13 January 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  42. ^ "Dimeji Bankole weds Kebbi governor's stepdaughter in low-key ceremony | The Nation". Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics. 17 January 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  43. ^ a b c d Mayowa, Adebayo Ebenezer (25 April 2021). "An Unforgettable Train Trip To Abeokuta". The Guardian Nigeria. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  44. ^ Shittu, Ibitoye (26 April 2019). "Mudashiru Lawal is first African to appear in 5 consecutive Nations Cup". Legit.ng - Nigeria news. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  45. ^ "Shane Lawal, atleticità senza fine". Metropolitan Magazine (in Italian). 9 October 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  46. ^ Odegbami, Segun (17 March 2018). "Tribute to our mother". The Guardian Nigeria. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  47. ^ "We were shooting a movie, then they came with guns and robbed us of everything we had —Segun Ogungbe". Tribune Online. 14 December 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  48. ^ "Google pays tribute to the late Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti — here is what you need to know about this fearless Nigerian icon". Pulse Nigeria. 25 October 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  49. ^ "Heroes of the struggle for Nigeria's independence/pioneer political". The Guardian Nigeria. 1 October 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  50. ^ Nwannekanma, Bertram; Gbenga Akinfenwa, Kehinde Olatunji (Lagos) and Daka Terhemba (Abuja) (12 February 2021). "Wole Soyinka decries 'cattle imperialism,' confirms attack". The Guardian Nigeria. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  51. ^ a b Amadi, Osa; Chukwuma Ajakah (13 September 2020). "Oba Adedapo Tejuoso: It never occured [sic] to me I could become king". Vanguard News. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  52. ^ Utebor, Simon (23 November 2019). "I wish to die in Christ – Oba Tejuoso". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  53. ^ Thomas, Ranti (10 January 2021). "133 Years After, Family, Well Wishers Celebrate Madam Efunroye Tinubu, the Yoruba Unsung Heroine". THISDAYLIVE. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  54. ^ Awa, Omiko (26 January 2020). "Madam Efunroye Tinubu: The Indomitable Iyalode". The Guardian Nigeria. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  55. ^ Nwanne, Chuks (9 August 2019). "Akintola Williams hits 100, soldiers on". The Guardian Nigeria. Retrieved 27 June 2021.

Media related to Abeokuta at Wikimedia Commons

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abeokuta&oldid=1233959907"