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Regina, Saskatchewan

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City of Regina, Saskatchewan
File:Regina SK Legislative.png
Flag of City of Regina, Saskatchewan
Flag
Official seal of City of Regina, Saskatchewan
Seal
Nickname(s): 
The Queen City, The City That Rhymes With Fun
Motto(s): 
Floreat Regina
("Let Regina Flourish")
Location of Regina in the SE quadrant of Saskatchewan
Location of Regina in the SE quadrant of Saskatchewan
CountryCanada
ProvinceSaskatchewan
DistrictMunicipality of Sherwood
Established1882
Government
 • City MayorPat Fiacco
 • Governing bodyRegina City Council
 • MPsDave Batters
Ralph Goodale
Tom Lukiwski
Andrew Scheer
 • MLAsJoanne Crofford
Doreen Hamilton
Ron Harper
Warren McCall
Sandra Morin
John Nilson
Andrew Thomson
Kim Trew
Harry Van Mulligen
Mark Wartman
Kevin Yates
Area
 • City118.87 km2 (45.9 sq mi)
 • Metro
3,408.26 km2 (1,315.94 sq mi)
Elevation
577 m (1,893 ft)
Population
 (2006)
 • City179,246 (Ranked 24th)
 • Density1,507.9/km2 (3,905.4/sq mi)
 • Metro
194,971
 • Metro density57.2/km2 (148.15/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST))
Websitehttp://www.regina.ca/

Regina (IPA: /ɹɛ.'dʒaɪ.nə/) is the major commercial centre of southern Saskatchewan, Canada. It is the provincial capital and was previously the territorial headquarters of the North-West Territories, of which today's provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta originally formed part. Regina was also the district headquarters of the District of Assiniboia. Regina was named in 1882 after Queen Victoria, i.e. Victoria Regina, by her daughter Princess Louise, wife of the then-Governor General the Marquess of Lorne. Regina's elevation is 577 metres (1,893 ft) above mean sea level.

Regina is a cultural and commercial metropole for both southern Saskatchewan and adjacent areas in the neighbouring American states of North Dakota and Montana. It attracts numerous visitors for the vitality of its commerce, theatre, concerts and restaurants and to its annual Buffalo Days summer fair. It is governed by Regina City Council. Regina is the see city of the Roman Catholic and Romanian Orthodox Dioceses of Regina and the Anglican Diocese of Qu'Appelle. Citizens of Regina are referred to as Reginans.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Regina

Template:Canada CP 2006 [1]

History

Main article: History of Regina
See also: History of Northwest Territories capital cities

Regina was established in 1882 when it became clear that Edgar Dewdney, the lieutenant-governor of the North-West Territories, eschewed the previously established and considered Battleford, Qu'Appelle and Fort Qu'Appelle as the territorial headquarters; these were widely considered more amiable locations for what was anticipated would be a major city, situated as they were in amply watered and treed rolling parklands whereas "Pile-of-Bones," as the site was then called, was in the midst of arid and featureless grassland.

Donald C. McDougall and his shack (1882), the first house in Regina, now cnr Arcola Ave and Prince of Wales Drive, 1883.[2]

Dewdney had acquired land adjacent to the route of the future CPR line at Pile-of-Bones, which was distinguished only by collections of bison bones near a small spring run-off creek, some few kilometres downstream from its origin in the midst of what are now wheat fields. There was an "obvious conflict of interest" in Dewdney's promoting the site of Pile-of-Bones as the territorial headquarters and it was a national scandal at the time,[3] but until 1896, when responsible government was accomplished, the territorial lieutenant-governor and council governed by fiat and there was little legitimate means of challenging such decisions.

Regina attained national prominence in 1885 during the North-West Rebellion when troops were mostly able to be transported from eastern Canada as far as Qu'Appelle on the CPR, which was substantially completed to that point[4] before marching to the battlefield in the further Northwest. Subsequently, the rebellion's leader, Louis Riel, was tried and hanged in Regina — giving the infant community increased and, at the time, not unwelcome national attention in connection with a figure of significance in Canadian history.

Scarth Street, circa 1915.

Regina was incorporated as a city on June 19, 1903 and was proclaimed the capital of the province of Saskatchewan on May 23, 1906 by the first provincial government, led by Premier Walter Scott. On June 30 1912, a tornado known as the Regina Cyclone hit the community, levelling much of the young city's business district, killing 28 people and injuring hundreds, making it Canada's deadliest tornado.

Regina's early history was of rapid growth which continued until the Great Depression began in 1929, at which point Saskatchewan had been the third province of Canada in both population and economic indicators. Thereafter, Saskatchewan never recovered its early promise and Regina's growth slowed and at times reversed. From the 1930s onward, Regina became a centre of considerable political activism and experiment as its people sought to adjust to new, reduced economic realities.

Events of national importance which occurred in Regina include the trial of Louis Riel (followed by Riel's execution) in July 1885; the Regina Manifesto, 1933; the Regina Riot, 1 July 1935 and the Saskatchewan Doctors' Strike in 1961 when medical doctors withheld their services in response to the introduction of Medicare.

Geography and climate

File:Downtown Regina in winter.jpg
Downtown Regina in winter: Victoria Avenue looking east; Avord Tower (on the site of the original Supreme Court of Saskatchewan building) on the left; Saskatchewan Power Building on the right

Regina has a semi-arid continental climate (Koppen climate classification BSk) with warm, somewhat moist summers and cold, dry winters. Annual precipitation is 390 mm (17 inches), and is heaviest from June through August with June being the wettest month at 75 millimetres. The average daily temperature for the year is 2.8°C (37°F). The lowest temperature ever recorded was -50.0 °C (-58 °F) on January 1, 1885 while the highest recorded temperature was 43.3 °C (109.9 °F) on July 5, 1937.[5]

File:Regina aerial street.jpg
East Regina Neighbourhood

The city is situated on a broad, flat and originally treeless, though fertile plain. There is an abundance of parks and greenspaces: all of its trees, shrubs and other plants were hand-planted and Regina's considerable beauty is entirely man-made.[6] Reginans make a virtue of the infelicitous climate and in winter outdoor rinks abound and cross-country skiing are major recreational activities, especially in Wascana Centre; Wascana Lake, the venue for summer boating activities, is regularly cleared of snow in winter for skating.

As in other prairie cities, American elms were planted in front yards in residential neighbourhoods and on boulevards along major traffic arteries and are the dominant species in the urban forest. The streetscape is now endangered by Dutch elm disease, which has spread through North America from the eastern seaboard and has now reached the Canadian prairies; for the time being it is controlled by intense pest management programs and species not susceptible to the disease are being planted. The City of Regina says the disease has the potential to wipe out Regina's entire elm population. [7] [8]

Industry and resources

Main article: Regina industry and resources

Oil and natural gas, potash, kaolin, sodium sulphite and bentonite contribute a great part of Regina and area's economy. The farm and agricultural component is still a significant part of the economy — the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool, "the world's largest grain-handling co-operative" has its headquarters in Regina[9] — but it is no longer the major driver of the economy; provincially it has slipped to eighth overall, well behind the natural resources sectors. The provincial government continues to be a major driver in the civic economy though its relative importance is declining.[10] The Regina Research Park on the University campus hosts several science and technology companies which conduct research activities in conjunction with University departments.

Urban planning issues

Main article: Regina neighbourhoods
New Regina City Hall (1976)

Regina has grown from a collection of wooden shanties and tent shacks clustered around the not-yet-built railway line notwithstanding the opposition of Dewdney, who preferred a site some two miles to the east where he had reserved substantial landholdings for himself and where he sited Government House. [11] As in other Canadian cities, the disappearance of the Simpson's and Eaton's retail department stores in the downtown, as well as the proliferation of shopping malls and "big box stores" on the northern, southern and eastern periphery, together with a corresponding drift of entertainment venues (including all cinemas) to the city outskirts, have depleted the city centre. Recently, changes have been underway to return vitality to the city centre, with condominium housing and business developments strongly encouraged. [citation needed]

The former the Hudson's Bay Company department store (previously the site of the Regina Theatre) has been converted into offices; Globe Theatre, located in the old Post Office building at 11th Avenue and Scarth Street, Casino Regina and its show lounge in the old CPR train station, the Cornwall Centre and downtown restaurants again draw people downtown although the development of large retail commercial and residential subdivisions in the southwest near the airport would probably further compromise efforts to revitalize the central business district. Generally a prosperous and tranquil city, its long-problematic north-central sector and the difficult Scott Collegiate have in recent years become the focus of national attention for their poverty, drug abuse and prostitution.[12]

Main article: Regina's historic buildings and precincts
File:Regina history 11.jpg
11th Avenue and Scarth Street, 1911. The old "gingerbread" 1908 City Hall and Medical Arts Building in background; Old Post Office to the right; Imperial Bank of Canada across 11th Avenue.

Many buildings of significance and value were lost during the period from 1945 through approximately 1970, a side-effect of the city's mid-century modernization: the loss of the Romanesque Revival city hall on 11th Avenue in 1964 is a particularly unfortunate example. (It was replaced by a shopping mall, which was later extensively renovated to create office space for the Government of Canada.)

Since the 1970s, as elsewhere, a more historically conservationist attitude has taken hold in Regina, and many old buildings have been put to new uses instead of being demolished: the transformation of the old Normal School on the Regina College campus of the University of Regina into the Canada-Saskatchewan Soundstage and the Old Post Office on the Scarth Street Mall are two examples. In recent years the warehouse district, to the north of the CPR line, has become a desirable commercial and residential precinct as historic warehouses, as in other North American cities, have been converted to retail and residential use.[13]

Natural recreational amenities

Regina has a substantial proportion of its overall area dedicated as parks and greenspaces, with biking paths and other recreational facilities throughout the city. The City operates five municipal golf courses, including two in King's Park northeast of the city. Kings Park Recreation facility is also home to ball diamonds, picnic grounds, and stock car racing.

Within half an hour drive is the summer cottage and camping country in the Qu'Appelle Valley with Last Mountain and Buffalo Pound Lakes and the four Fishing Lakes of Pasqua, Echo, Mission and Katepwa; slightly farther east are Round and Crooked Lakes.

Bedroom communities

From its first founding, residents of Regina have repaired to the nearby Qu'Appelle Valley on weekends and for summer holidays. Since the 1940s, many of the towns near Regina have steadily lost population[14] as western Canada's agrarian economy reorganised itself from small family farm landholdings of a quarter-section (160 acres, the original standard land grant to homesteaders[15]) to the multi-section (a "section" being one square mile) landholdings that are increasingly necessary for economic viability.[16] Some of these towns have enjoyed somewhat of a renaissance as a result of the excellent roads that for many decades seemed likely to doom them; they—and to some extent the nearby city of Moose Jaw—— are now undergoing a mild resurgence as commuter satellites for Regina. Qu'Appelle, at one time intended to be the metropole for the original District of Assiniboia in the North-West Territories (as they then were), enjoyed a temporary reprieve from its inexorable decline during the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s when Regina cottagers passed through en route to the Qu'Appelle Valley; Highway 10, which bypassed Qu'Appelle, running directly from Balgonie to Fort Qu'Appelle off Highway Number 1, quickly ended this brief holiday[17]; Fort Qu'Appelle and its neighbouring resort villages on the Fishing Lakes remain a summer vacation venue of choice[18]; Indian Head is far enough from Regina to have an autonomous identity but close enough that its charm and vitality attract commuters — it "has a range of professional services and tradespeople, financial institutions, and a large number of retail establishments."[19] White City [20] and Emerald Park[21] are quasi-suburbs of Regina, as have become Balgonie,[22] Grand Coulee, Pilot Butte[23] and Lumsden in the Qu'Appelle Valley, some ten miles (16 km) to the north of Regina.[24], Regina Beach — situated on Last Mountain Lake (known locally as Long Lake) and a 30-minute drive from Regina — has been a summer favourite of Reginans from its first establishment and since the 1970s has also become a commuter satellite[25]; Rouleau (also known as the town of Dog River in the television sitcom Corner Gas) is 45 km (28 miles) southwest of Regina and in the summer months "bustles with film crews."[26]

Heritage properties

As elsewhere in Canada, traditional religious expression has had to find new modes. The former Anglican Diocesan property at Broad Street and College Avenue was sold to the provincial Crown in the mid-1970s. It has now been sold privately with considerable restrictions as to maintaining the integrity of the original diocesan property. The St Chad's College property in particular is to be preserved. (See Regina's historic buildings and precincts.) The Sisters of Our Lady of the Missions' Sacred Heart College (and the adjacent Marian High School) at Albert Street and 25th Avenue has been demolished and the property extensively redeveloped as condominium residential property; however, the Sacred Heart Academy building on 13th Avenue at Garnet Street, immediately adjacent to the Roman Catholic Cathedral, has been redeveloped as tony townhouses. The Normal School, immediately adjacent to the Regina College Building, has been renovated as the Canada-Saskatchewan Soundstage. Knox United Church on Victoria Park and Carmichael United Church in the East End (both formerly Presbyterian) have been demolished.

Wascana Centre

Main article: Wascana Centre
File:Wascana Centre and Regina downtown.jpg
Wascana Lake with downtown Regina

Wascana Centre is a 9.3 square kilometre (2,300 acre) park built around Wascana Lake and designed in 1961 by Minoru Yamasaki — the Seattle-born architect best known as the designer of the original World Trade Center in New York — in tandem with his starkly modernist design for the new Regina Campus of the University of Saskatchewan.[27]

File:Spruce Island.jpg
Spruce Island

Wascana Lake was created as a "stock watering hole" — for the CPR's rolling stock, that is — in 1883 when a dam and bridge were constructed 1½ blocks to the west of the present Albert Street Bridge. A new dam and bridge were built in 1908, and Wascana Lake was used as a domestic water source, to cool the city’s power plant and, in due course, for the new provincial legislative building.[28]

Regina's improbable location made its water supply a perennial issue, but by the 1920s — with the Boggy Creek source of domestic water — Wascana Lake had ceased to have a utilitarian purpose and had become primarily a recreational facility, with bathing and boating its principal uses. It was drained in the 1930s as part of a government relief project; 2,100 men widened and dredged the lake bed and created two islands using only hand tools and horse-drawn wagons.[29]

During the fall and winter of 2003–2004, Wascana Lake was again drained and dredged to deepen it while adding a new island, a promenade area beside Albert Street Bridge, water fountains, and a waterfall to help aerate the lake.

Transportation

Streetcar on Albert Street Bridge circa 1935; Provincial Legislative Building across lake.

The city's public transit agency, Regina Transit, operates a fleet of 110 buses, on 16 routes, 7 days a week with access to the city centre from most areas of the city. A massive fire at the streetcar barns, on January 23, 1949, destroyed much of the rolling stock of streetcars and trolley buses and helped to propel Regina's diesel bus revolution in 1951. [citation needed] Because of the 1949 fire, original Regina streetcar rolling stock was rare, though through later years a few disused streetcars remained in evidence — a streetcar with takeaway food, for example, on the site of the Regina Theatre at 12th Avenue and Hamilton Street, until the Hudson's Bay Company acquired the site and built its 60s-through-90s department store there, and for many years another in the Scarth Street Mall. [citation needed]

The CPR no longer operates regular passenger services, though in the past railway passenger trains constituted the principal mode of inter-urban transit between Western Canadian cities. Its former station in downtown Regina — once the urban hub — has become a casino (see below). Nowadays Regina can be reached by several highways including the Trans-Canada Highway from the west and east sides and four provincial highways from other directions. The city is served by Ring Road, a high speed connection between Regina's east and northwest that loops around the city's east side (the west side of the loop is formed by Lewvan Drive) with plans calling for another perimeter highway to encircle the city farther out.[30]

Regina International Airport situated on the west side of the city and is the oldest established commercial airport in Canada. It has recently undergone a major upgrade and expansion to allow it to handle the projected increase in traffic for the next several years.

Education

University of Regina

Main article: University of Regina
U of R campus as seen from the Saskatchewan Science Centre across Wascana Lake

In the years prior to the establishment of the University of Saskatchewan, there was continued debate as to which Saskatchewan city would be awarded the provincial university: ultimately Saskatoon won out over Regina and in immediate reaction the Methodist Church of Canada established Regina College in 1911. Regina College was a high school and junior college affiliated with the University of Saskatchewan — Campion and Luther Colleges, run by the Roman Catholic Jesuit Order and Lutheran Church respectively, operated on the same basis. Ultimately the financially hard-pressed United Church of Canada (the successor to the Methodist Church), which in any case had ideological difficulties with the concept of fee-paying private schooling, could no longer maintain Regina College during the Great Depression of the 1930s, and Regina College was disaffiliated from the Church and surrendered to the University of Saskatchewan; it became the Regina Campus of the University of Saskatchewan in 1961. After a protracted contretemps over the siting of several faculties in Saskatoon which had been promised to the Regina campus, Regina Campus sought and obtained a separate charter as the University of Regina in 1974.

Campion College and Luther College were church-run, private high schools offering junior college courses accredited by the University of Saskatchewan, on the same basis as the old Regina College. Both colleges now have federated college status in the University of Regina, as does the First Nations University of Canada.[31] The Regina Research Park is located immediately adjacent to the main campus and many of its initiatives in information technology, petroleum and environmental sciences are conducted in conjunction with university departments. A member in the research park is Canada's Petroleum Technology Research facility, a world leader in oil recovery and geological storage of CO2.

Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Science and Technology

File:SIAST Wascana.jpg
Wascana campus of SIAST.
Main article: Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology

The Wascana campus of this province-wide technical institute is adjacent to the University of Regina. It occupies the former Plains Health Centre, previously a third hospital in Regina which in the course of rationallizing health services in Saskatchewan was in due course closed.

Royal Canadian Mounted Police Academy, Depot Division

Main article: RCMP Academy, Depot Division
The RCMP Chapel

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police Academy, "Depot" Division, is on the western perimeter of the city. As capital of the North-West Territories, Regina was the headquarters of the Royal North-West Mounted Police (the RCMP's predecessor) before "the Force" became a national body with its headquarters in Ottawa in 1920. The city takes great pride in this national institution which is a major visitor attraction and a continuing link with Regina's past as the headquarters of the Force. The "Depot" Division chapel (the oldest building still standing in the city) is a major visitor attraction in Regina. The first phase of a RCMP Heritage Centre opened in May 2007.

Public, separate and private schools

Main article: Public, separate and private schools in Regina, Saskatchewan

The Regina Public School Board, operates over 50 elementary schools and 10 high schools with approximately 21,000 students enrolled throughout the city. A small number children are home-schooled under the guidance of Regina Public School Board. The publicly-funded Roman Catholic Separate School Board operates 25 elementary schools and four high schools, and has a current enrollment rate of approximately 10,000 students. Private schools in Regina include Luther College, operated by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada, the Regina Huda school for Islamic education; Harvest City Church and Christian Academy (occupying the former Sister Marion McGuigan High School site); the Western Christian College and High School operated by the Churches of Christ, using premises vacated by the former Canadian Bible College; and the Regina Christian School, in the former Campion College premises.

Recreation and culture

Main article: Culture in Regina

Culture in Regina

Royal Saskatchewan Museum

Regina has a rich cultural life in music, theatre and dance, amply supported by the substantial fine arts constituency at the University of Regina, which has a large fine arts department including faculties of music and theatre. At various times this has attracted notable artistic talent: Donald M. Kendrick and Joe Fafard, now with significant international reputations, have been particular stars. The Regina Conservatory of Music operates in the former girls' residence wing of the Regina College building. Regina’s multicultural communities earned Heritage Canada’s designation of 2004 "Cultural Capital of Canada" (in the over 125,000 population category); the Regina Multicultural Council mounts Mosaic, an annual multicultural festival.[32]

Regina lacked a large concert and live theatre venue for many years after the loss to fire of the Regina Theatre in 1938 and the demolition of the Old City Hall in 1965 at a time when preservation of heritage architecture was not yet a fashionable issue,

The Conexus Arts Centre

though until the demolition of downtown cinemas which doubled as live theatres the lack was not urgent, and Darke Hall on the Regina College campus of the university provided a small concert and stage venue. (See Regina's historic buildings and precincts.) The default was remedied in 1970 with the construction of the Saskatchewan Centre of the Arts (now the Conexus Arts Centre) as a Canadian Centennial project, a theatre and concert hall complex overlooking Wascana Lake. According to its promotional literature, it is one of the most acoustically perfect concert venues in North America[33]; it is home to the Regina Symphony Orchestra, Opera Saskatchewan and New Dance Horizons, a contemporary dance company.[34] The Royal Saskatchewan Museum (the present 1955 structure a Saskatchewan Golden Jubilee project) dates from 1906. The Old Post Office at Scarth Street and 11th Avenue, temporarily used as a city hall after the demolition of Old City Hall in 1965, is now home to the Globe Theatre, Saskatchewan's only professional theatre troupe.

Holy Rosary Roman Catholic Cathedral and Knox-Metropolitan United Church have particularly impressive Casavant Frères pipe organs, maintain substantial musical establishments and are frequently the venues for choral concerts and organ recitals.

Sports

Mosaic Stadium at Taylor Field

Sports teams in Regina include the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, the Regina Thunder of the Canadian Junior Football League, the Prairie Fire of the Rugby Canada Super League, the Regina Red Sox of the Western Major Baseball League, the University of Regina's Regina Cougars, Regina Rams of the CIS, and the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the CFL.

The Saskatchewan Roughriders are a community-owned professional sports team. The Riders have a strong and loyal fan support base. Out-of-town season ticket holders often travel 300 to 400 kilometres (200–250 mi) or more to attend home games[35].

Regina's curling teams have distinguished the city for many decades. Richardson Crescent commemorates the Richardson curling team of the 1950s; in recent years Olympic Gold medal winner Sandra Schmirler and her rink occasioned vast civic pride.

North-east of the city lies Kings Park Speedway, a 1/3 mile paved oval used for stock car racing since the late 1960's.

Regina did host the Western Canada summer Games in 1975 and again in 1987.

Visitor attractions

Main article: Visitor attractions in Regina
The Kramer Imax Theatre located at the Saskatchewan Science Centre

Regina is a travel destination for residents of southeastern Saskatchewan and the immediately adjacent regions of the neighbouring US States of North Dakota and Montana, and an intermediate stopping point for travellers on the Trans-Canada Highway. Attractions for visitors in Regina include the Royal Saskatchewan Museum (a museum of natural history); the Saskatchewan Science Centre; the Norman Mackenzie Art Gallery and numerous smaller galleries and museums; the Saskatchewan Legislative Building; Holy Rosary Cathedral; the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) national training centre and the museum; Government House; Casino Regina, the Globe Theatre; events held at Mosaic Stadium at Taylor Field; Ipsco Place (formerly Regina Exhibition Park), the venue for the annual Buffalo Days Exhibition every August; and the Connexus Arts Centre (see the City of Regina website below).

Local media

The Regina Leader, 1882

The Regina Leader was founded by Nicholas Flood Davin in 1883 and was the original Regina newspaper of record. Published weekly by the mercurial Davin, it came to national prominence during the trial of Louis Riel when Davin published several scoops and the Leader's articles were picked up by the national press.[36] It merged with another local paper, the Regina Evening Post, and continued to publish daily editions of both before consolidating them under the title The Leader-Post. Other newspapers absorbed by the The Leader-Post include the Regina Daily Star and The Province. It is now owned by CanWest Global Communications Corp., based in Winnipeg, MB.

The Regina Sun is published by the Leader-Post and distributed free of charge. Prairie Dog is a free newspaper produced by a Saskatchewan worker co-operative. It launched in February, 1993 as a monthly and has published every two weeks since October, 1999. Prairie Dog is similar to alternative weeklies in other Canadian centres, such as Now (Toronto, ON) and the The Georgia Straight (Vancouver, BC). L'eau vive is a weekly newspaper established in 1971. The only French language newspaper in Saskatchewan, its offices are located in Regina; it serves the entire province's francophone community.[37]

Regina has the largest free civic wireless internet program in Canada. [citation needed] The Downtown, Warehouse, 13th Avenue and University regions have government-sponsored wireless internet called Saskatchewan! Connected, which is also available in Saskatoon, Prince Albert, and Moose Jaw.

Regina has a number of radio stations:

Regina has a number of television and cable stations: (On-air broadcast numbers)

Notable people

Main article: List of famous Reginans

Sister city

Notes

  1. ^ Population of census metropolitan areas (2001 Census boundaries), Statistics Canada. 2006. Released 4 April 2006. Last modified: 2006-06-12
  2. ^ City of Regina Archives 2004 Photo/Biography of the Month Gallery http://www.regina.ca/content/info_services/archives/photo_gallery3.shtml Retrieved 5 June 2007.
  3. ^ Pierre Berton, The Last Spike: The Great Railway 1881-1885 (Toronto: McLelland and Stewart, 1973), 120)
  4. ^ Berton, 379
  5. ^ Environment Canada Canadian Climate Normals: Regina, Saskatchewan. Retrieved 17 July 2007.
  6. ^ "Regina," The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
  7. ^ http://www.cbc.ca/canada/saskatchewan/story/2007/07/17/trees-regina.html?ref=rss
  8. ^ http://www.regina.ca/trees/ded.htm
  9. ^ [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1SEC888327 "Regina: Economy and Labour Force," The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17 July 2007
  10. ^ [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1SEC888327 "Regina: Economy and Labour Force," The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17 July 2007
  11. ^ Berton, op. cit., pp.121-23)
  12. ^ Gatehouse, Jonathon (2007-01-08). "Canada's worst neighbourhood". Maclean's. Retrieved 2007-01-31.
  13. ^ Regina's Old Warehouse District: History Retrieved 11 July 2007.
  14. ^ Mark Partridge, "The Ebb and Flow of Rural Growth: Spread, Backwash, or Stagnation." Presentation for the Department of Rural Development, Regina, Saskatchewan June 9, 2005.
  15. ^ "Dominion Lands Act/Homestead Act," The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
  16. ^ "Farming," The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
  17. ^ "Qu'Appelle," The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
  18. ^ "Fort Qu'Appelle," The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
  19. ^ "Indian Head," The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
  20. ^ "White City," The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
  21. ^ "White City," The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
  22. ^ "Balgonie," The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
  23. ^ "Pilot Butte," The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
  24. ^ "Lumsden," The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
  25. ^ "Regina Beach" The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
  26. ^ "Rouleau," The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
  27. ^ Fletcher, Tom. "The Work of Minoru Yamasaki," New York Architecture Images and Notes. Internet: http://www.nyc-architecture.com/GON/GON001G.htm.
  28. ^ Riddell, W. A. The Origin and Development of Wascana Centre. Regina, 1962.
  29. ^ Riddell, W. A. The Origin and Development of Wascana Centre. Regina, 1962.
  30. ^ "Feature: East Regina TCH". Saskatchewan Highways. Retrieved 2006-09-21.
  31. ^ *First Nations University of Canada. Retrieved 17 July 2007.
  32. ^ Regina Multicultural Council: Mosaic. Retrieved 17 July 2007.
  33. ^ [http://[www.conexusartscentre.ca/ Conexus Arts Centre website.] Retrieved 17 July 2007.
  34. ^ Encyclopedia of Canada. "Regina: Cultural Life." Retrieved 17 July 2007.
  35. ^ http://www.saskriders.com/modules.php?name=News&file=bleedinggreen&f_subcat=legacy_stories
  36. ^ People at the Leader Building, Regina: The Early Years. Accessed 21 September 2006.
  37. ^ L'eau vive website. Retrieved 17 July 2007.

Further reading

  • "Germantown" 11th Avenue East. Regina’s Heritage Tours, City of Regina, 1994.
  • Argan, William. Cornerstones 2: An Artist’s History of the City of Regina. Regina: Centax Books, 2000.
  • Argan, William. Cornerstones: An Artist’s History of the City of Regina. Regina: Centax Books, 1995.
  • Barnhart, Gordon. Building for the Future: A Photo Journal of Saskatchewan's Legislative Building. Canadian Plains Research Center, 2002. ISBN 0-88977-145-6
  • Brennan, J. William. Regina, an illustrated history. Toronto: James Lorimer & Co., 1989.
  • Brennan, William J., ed. Regina Before Yesterday: A Visual History 1882 to 1945. City of Regina, 1978.
  • Castles of the North: Canada’s Grand Hotels. Toronto: Lynx Images Inc., 2001.
  • Chapel Royal Canadian Mounted Police "Training Academy", Regina, Saskatchewan (brochure), 1990.
  • Drake, Earl G. Regina, the Queen City. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1955.
  • Hughes, Bob The Big Dig: the Miracle of Wascana Centre. Regina: Centax Books, 2004.
  • Neal, May. Regina, Queen City of the Plains: 50 Years of Progress. Regina: Western * Printers. 1953.
  • Regina Court House Official Opening (brochure), 1961.
  • Regina Leader Post
  • Riddell, W. A. The Origin and Development of Wascana Centre. Regina, 1962.
  • The Morning Leader

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See also

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