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Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

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Template:Infobox presidential libraryThe Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Center for Public Affairs is the presidential library of Ronald Wilson Reagan, the 40th President of the United States. Designed by Hugh Stubbins and Associates, the library is located in Simi Valley, California, about 40 miles northwest of Downtown Los Angeles and 15 miles west of Chatsworth. The library may be accessed by driving to the Olsen Road exit of State Route 23, which connects to the nearby Ronald Reagan Freeway, State Route 118.

Dedication

Construction of the library began in 1988, and the center was dedicated on November 4, 1991.[1] The dedication ceremonies were the first time in United States history that five United States Presidents gathered together in the same place: Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George H. W. Bush.[2] Six First Ladies also attended: Lady Bird Johnson, Pat Nixon, Betty Ford, Rosalynn Carter, Nancy Reagan, and Barbara Bush.[3]

Presidents (from left) George H.W. Bush, Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Carter, Gerald Ford and Richard Nixon dedicating the library, 1991

When the Reagan Library opened it was the largest of the presidential libraries (with roughly 153,000 square feet).[2] It held that title until the dedication of the William J. Clinton Presidential Library in Little Rock, Arkansas on November 18, 2004. With the opening of the 90,000 square foot Air Force One Pavilion in October 2005, the Reagan Library reclaimed the title in terms of physical size;[4] however, the Clinton Library remains the largest presidential library in terms of materials (documents, artifacts, photographs, etc.).[5] Like all presidential libraries since Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Reagan Library was built entirely with private donations equalling roughly US$60 million.[6] Major donors included Walter Annenberg, Lew Wasserman, Lodwrick Cook, Joe Albritton, Rupert Murdoch, Richard Sills, and John P. McGovern.[3] For fiscal year 2007, the Reagan Library had 305,331 visitors, making it the second-most visited presidential library, following the Lyndon B. Johnson Library; that was down from its fiscal year 2006 number of 440,301 visitors.[7]

Presidents and First Ladies dedicating the library: Lady Bird Johnson, Jimmy Carter, Rosalynn Carter, Gerald Ford, Betty Ford, Richard Nixon, Pat Nixon, Ronald Reagan, Nancy Reagan, George H.W. Bush and Barbara Bush

As a Presidential library administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), the Reagan Library, under the authority of the Presidential Records Act, is the repository of presidential records for Reagan’s administration.[8] Holdings include 50 million pages of presidential documents, over 1.6 million photographs, a half million feet of motion picture film and tens of thousands of audio and video tapes.[8] The Library also houses personal papers collections including documents from Reagan’s eight years as Governor of California.[8]

Exhibits and scenery

The museum features continually changing temporary exhibits and a permanent exhibit covering President Reagan’s life. This exhibit begins during Reagan's childhood in Dixon, Illinois and follows his life through his film career and military service, marriage to Nancy Davis Reagan, and political career.[9] The "Citizen Governor" gallery shows footage of Reagan's 1964 "A Time for Choosing" speech and contains displays on his eight years as governor. The gallery includes a 1965 Ford Mustang used by Reagan during his first gubernatorial campaign, as well as the desk he used as governor.[10] His 1980 and 1984 presidential campaigns are also highlighted, as well as his inauguration suit and a table from the White House Situation Room is on display. News footage of the 1981 assassination attempt on his life is shown, and information about the proposed Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI — dubbed "Star Wars") is included.[11]

An F-14 Tomcat on display on the Library grounds
A large piece of the Berlin Wall located on the library grounds

A full scale replica of the Oval Office — a feature of most presidential libraries — is a prominent feature of this museum as well.[12] Other parts of the exhibit focus on Reagan's ranch, the presidential retreat Camp David, life in the White House,[13] and First Lady Nancy Reagan.[14] Conspicuously absent from the permanent exhibit is the Iran-Contra Affair (which had been included in an earlier version of the permanent exhibit), but the episode is briefly mentioned in the Library's orientation film. The most recent temporary exhibit, which opened on November 10, 2007, titled "Nancy Reagan: A First Lady's Style" features over 80 designer dresses belonging to Nancy Reagan[15][16] and will end on November 10, 2008.[17]

The hilltop grounds provide expansive views of the area, a re-creation of a portion of the White House Lawn, and, like many presidential libraries, a piece of the Berlin Wall. An F-14 Tomcat is also located on the grounds.

Artifacts controversy

On November 8, 2007, Reagan Library National Archives officials reported that due to poor record-keeping, they are unable to say whether roughly 80,000 artifacts have been stolen or are lost inside the massive museum complex.[18] A "near-universal" security breakdown was also blamed, leaving the artifacts vulnerable to theft. Many of the nation's presidential libraries claim to be understaffed and underfunded.[19] The National Archives labeled the Reagan library as having the most serious problems with their inventory.[19] In an audit, U.S. Archivist Allen Weinstein came down hard on the library, blaming its poor inventory software for the mishap. Frederick J. Ryan Jr., president of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation's board of directors, said the allegations of poor management practices at the library reflect badly on the National Archives.[18] The Reagan Library has accepted the audit's criticism and is working to fix the problems; they've undertaken a massive inventory project that could take years to complete.[19] Ryan said Nancy Reagan expressed "surprise and disappointment" when he spoke with her regarding the affair.[18]

Air Force One Pavilion

The Air Force One Pavilion
VC-137C SAM 27000 and a VH-3 Sea king in the Air Force One Pavilion

A 90,000 square foot exhibit "hangar" serves as the setting for the permanent display of the Boeing 707 aircraft utilized as Air Force One during Reagan's administration.[20] The aircraft, SAM 27000, was also used by six other presidents in its active service life from 1973–2001, including Richard Nixon during his second term, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush.[21] In 1990 it became a backup aircraft after the Boeing 747s were brought into service and was retired in 2001.[21] The aircraft was flown to San Bernardino International Airport in September 2001 where it was presented to the Reagan Foundation. In what was known as "Operation Homeward Bound," Boeing, the plane's original manufacturer, disassembled the plane and transported it to the library in pieces.[22] After the construction of the foundation of the pavilion itself, the plane was reassembled and restored to museum quality,[22] as well as raised onto pedestals twenty-five feet above ground.[23] The pavilion was dedicated on October 24 2005 by Nancy Reagan, President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush.[24]

SAM 27000 is part of a comprehensive display of presidential travel that also includes a Johnson-era Sikorsky VH-3 "Sea King," call sign Marine One,[25] and a "presidential motorcade" — Reagan's 1984 presidential parade limousine, a 1982 Los Angeles Police Department police car (as well as two 1980s police motorcycles), and a 1986 Secret Service vehicle used in one of President Reagan's motorcades in Los Angeles.[26] The pavilion is also home to the original O'Farrell's pub from Ballyporeen, Ireland that President and Mrs. Reagan visited in June 1984, now called the "Ronald Reagan Pub."[25] Also featured are exhibits on the Cold War and Reagan's extensive travels aboard Air Force One.

Center for Public Affairs

Reagan Library has hosted many events, including the funeral of Ronald Reagan in June 2004, and the first Republican presidential candidates' debate of the 2008 election. On May 23, 2007, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer held a brief private talk and a press conference.[27] On July 17, 2007, Polish President Lech Kaczyński presented Poland's highest distinction, the Order of the White Eagle, to Mrs. Reagan.[28]

Ronald Reagan's funeral

Reagan's casket lies in repose in the library lobby, June 7, 2004
Reagan's tomb and memorial site on the Library grounds

Following the president's death, Reagan's casket was driven by hearse to the Reagan Library on June 7, 2004. There, a memorial service was held in the library lobby with Mrs. Reagan, the president's children and close relatives, as well as friends present. The Reverend Dr. Michael Wenning officiated the service.

From June 7th to 9th, Reagan's casket lied in repose in the library lobby, where about 105,000 people paid their respects by walking past the casket.[29] After flying the body to Washington, D.C., lying in state in the Capitol rotunda, and a national funeral service in the Washington National Cathedral, Reagan's casket was brought back to the library in California for a last memorial service and interment.

A tomb had been previously built for the eventual use of Reagan and his wife. Following a sunset service on the library grounds the previous evening, early on the morning of June 12, 2004 President Reagan was laid to rest in the underground vault.[30]

2008 Republican Presidential candidates debate

On May 3, 2007, the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Nancy Reagan hosted the 2008 Republican Presidential Candidates Debate in the Library's Air Force One Pavilion. The candidates present included Kansas Senator Sam Brownback, former Virginia Governor Jim Gilmore, former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani, former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee, Representative Duncan Hunter of California, Senator John McCain of Arizona, Representative Ron Paul of Texas, former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, Representative Tom Tancredo of Colorado, and Tommy Thompson, former Governor of Wisconsin and President George W. Bush’s first Secretary of Health and Human Services. Mrs. Reagan, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Fred Ryan, Chairman of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation were among those in attendance. Candidates discussed the War in Iraq, the War on Terror, taxes, healthcare, abortion, stem-cell research, gay rights, illegal immigration, and made at least 20 individual references directly or in passing, to Ronald Reagan and his presidency.[31]

References

  1. ^ "Museum". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Retrieved 2007-11-19.
  2. ^ a b Mydans, Seth (1). "Elite Group to Dedicate Reagan Library". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-11-19. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ^ a b Melissa Giller (2003). "Reagan Presidential Library". In Miriam A. Drake (ed.). Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. Vol. 4. CRC Press. pp. p. 2456. ISBN 0824720806. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  4. ^ "Winds tear Air Force One Pavilion roof at Reagan Library". The Ventura County Star. 3. Retrieved 2007-11-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ^ "Clinton Library: Library Museum and Information". Clinton Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
  6. ^ "Ronald Reagan Library Opening Ceremonies". planbproductions.com. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
  7. ^ [rtsp://cspanrm.fplive.net/cspan/PresLib/Clinton/Video/preslib112307.rm Presidential Libraries on C-SPAN: Exclusive Series Interviews and Additional Footage] (rm) (Documentary). C-SPAN. Event occurs at 1:32:03, 1:32:55. Retrieved 2007-11-30. {{cite AV media}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |date2= (help); Unknown parameter |month2= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |year2= ignored (help)
  8. ^ a b c "Archives: The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
  9. ^ "Museum > Permanent Galleries > Early Years Gallery". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Retrieved 2007-11-21.
  10. ^ "Museum > Permanent Galleries > "Citizen Governor" Gallery". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Retrieved 2007-11-21.
  11. ^ "Museum > Permanent Galleries > New Beginnings Gallery". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Retrieved 2007-11-21.
  12. ^ "Museum > Permanent Galleries > The Oval Office". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Retrieved 2007-11-21.
  13. ^ "Museum > Permanent Galleries > The President's Residences". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Retrieved 2007-11-21.
  14. ^ "Museum > Permanent Galleries > First Lady Nancy Reagan". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Retrieved 2007-11-21.
  15. ^ Corcoran, Monica (2007-11-08). "The Nancy Years". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2007-11-22. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  16. ^ Bakalis, Anna (2007-11-09). "Style exhibit chronicles Nancy Reagan's life". The Ventura County Star. Retrieved 2007-11-22. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ "Calendar of Events". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Retrieved 2007-12-02.
  18. ^ a b c Chawkins, Steve (2007-11-09). "The Talk of the Reagan Library". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2007-11-21. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ a b c Alonso-Zaldivar, Ricardo (2007-11-10). "Reagan Library Has Lost Thousands Of Artifacts". Tampa Bay Online. Retrieved 2007-11-21. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ "Air Force One Pavilion". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
  21. ^ a b "Facts and Stats". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
  22. ^ a b "Reagan Air Force One Moves to Presidential Library" (Press release). Boeing. 2003-06-20. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
  23. ^ "The Journey of Air Force One". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. p. 3. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
  24. ^ Bush, George W. (2005-10-21). President Participates in Opening Ceremony for Air Force One Pavilion (Speech). Simi Valley, California. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
  25. ^ a b "Permanent Galleries". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
  26. ^ "Museum > Permanent Galleries > Presidential Motorcade". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
  27. ^ Serjeant, Jill (2007-05-23). "Rice, Australian minister evoke Reagan in Iraq talk". Reuters. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
  28. ^ "President Kaczynski Presents Order of the White Eagle to Late President Ronald Reagan". U.S. Department of State. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
  29. ^ http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0406/10/ltm.04.html
  30. ^ http://www.suhor.com/burial_of_a_president.htm
  31. ^ Nagourney, Adam and Santora, Marc (May 4, 2007). "'08 Republicans Differ on Defining Party's Future". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-05-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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