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Greek diaspora

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The Greek diaspora ([ελληνική διασπορά elliniki diaspora] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)) is a term used to refer to the communities of Greek people living outside of the traditional Greek homelands in southeast Europe and Asia Minor. Members of the diaspora can be identified as those who themselves, or whose ancestors, migrated from the Greek homelands.

History

Ancient Times

In ancient times the trading and colonising activities of the Greek tribes and city states spread people of Greek culture, religion and language around the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, especially in Sicily, southern Italy, Spain the South of France and the Black sea coasts. Under Alexander the Great's Empire Greek ruling classes were established in the Middle East, India and in Egypt. The Hellenistic period is characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization which established Greek cities and Kingdoms in Asia and Africa. Under the Roman Empire movement of people spread Greeks across the Empire and in the eastern territories Greek became the lingua franca rather than Latin. The Roman Empire became Christianized in the fourth century AD, and in the Byzantine period practice of the Greek Orthodox form of Christianity became a defining hallmark of Greek identity.

7th Century

In the seventh century Emperor Heraclius adopted Greek as the official language. Greeks continued to live around the Levant, Mediterranean and Black Sea maintaining a Greek identity amongst local populations as traders, officials and settlers. Under the Ottoman Empire these populations generally remained.

15th Century - Fall Of Byzantium, Exodus to Italy

Many Greeks fled the Constantinople after its fall in 1453 and found refuge in Italy, bringing with them many ancient Greek writings that had been lost in the West. These helped contribute to the European Renaissance. Most Greeks settled in Venice and are indeed now lost to history.

Modern Times

19th Century

During and after the Greek War of Independence, Greeks of the Diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad. Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries and during the disturbances many set up home around the Mediterranean (notably Marseilles in France, Livorno in Italy, Alexandria in Egypt), Russia (Odessa and St Petersburg), and Britain (London and Liverpool) from where they traded, typically in textiles and grain. Businesses frequently comprised the whole extended family, and with them they brought schools teaching Greek and the Greek Orthodox church. As markets changed and they became more established, some families grew their operations to become shippers, financed through the local Greek community, notably with the aid of the Ralli or Vagliano Brothers. With economic success the Diaspora expanded further across the Levant, North Africa, India and the USA.

After the Treaty of Constantinople the political situation stabilised somewhat, and some of the displaced families moved back to the newly-independent country to become key figures in cultural, educational and political life, especially in Athens. Finance and assistance from overseas were channelled through these family ties, and helped provide institutions such as the National Library, and sent relief after natural disasters.

20th Century

In the twentieth century many Greeks left the traditional homelands for economic reasons resulting in large migrations from Greece and Cyprus to the United States, Great Britain, Australia, Canada, Germany and South Africa, especially after the Second World War (1939-45) the Greek Civil War (1946-49) and the Turkish Invasion of Cyprus in 1974.

After the First World War most Greeks living in the territory of modern Turkey were forced or coerced into leaving areas occupied by Greek people since antiquity. Many came to modern Greece, but The Russian Empire (later USSR) was also a major destination.

After the Greek Civil War some left wing activists and their families moved to the Communist Countries of Europe due to the political situation. Hungary even founded a whole new village, Beloiannisz for Greek immigrants. While many immigrants returned later, these countries still have numerous first and second generation Greeks who maintain their traditions.

The Arab Nationalism of President Nasser of Egypt led to the expulsion of a large Greek population from that country in the 1950s. Until that point Alexandria had been an important centre of Greek culture since antiquity, with the business life of the city dominated by Greeks.

With the fall of Communism in eastern Europe and the USSR, numbers of Greeks of the Diaspora whose Greek ancestry was "removed" for many generations, immigrated to modern Greece's main urban centres of Athens and Thessaloniki, and also to Cyprus. Movements from Georgia were most numerous.

The term Pontic Greeks is used to refer to those who have come from the countries around the Black Sea.

Today

Important centres of the Greek Diaspora today are Chicago, London, New York, Melbourne and Toronto.

The General Secretariat for Greeks Abroad is a dependency of the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and has compiled several studies on the Greeks of the diaspora.

The total number of Greeks living outside Greece and Cyprus today is a contentious issue. Where Census figures are available it shows around 3 million Greeks outside of Greece and Cyprus. Estimates provided by the Council of overseas Greeks {SAE} put the figure at around 7 million worldwide. Integration, intermarriage and loss of the Greek language also influence the definition and self-definition of Greeks of the Diaspora.

Well known Greeks of the Diaspora

Well known people in the Greek diaspora include:

The queen Cleopatra of Egypt, King Attalos, Antiochius III, George Averoff, Arsaki, Maria Callas, Jennifer Aniston, George Michael, Telly Savalas, Doménicos Theotokópoulos (El Greco), Georges Corraface, Greg Louganis, John Varvatos, Elia Kazan, Constantine Lascaris, Marcus Musurus, Yiannis Pharmakis, Queen Sophia of Spain, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Peter Andre, Jake and Dinos Chapman Sir Alec Issigonis, Michael Dukakis, Olympia Dukakis, Michael Dertouzos, George Bizos, Mario Frangoulis, George Sava, Spyros Skouras, Arianna Huffington, Panayiotis Zavos, Nicholas Negroponte, Grigorios S. Kapageridis, Nik Poulos, Spiro Agnew, George Stephanopoulos,

See also:

Top 50 countries with the largest Greek populations

Number of Greeks in all countries

Rank Country Capital Number of ethnic Greeks Main articles
1 Greece Greece Athens 10,196,539 (2001 census) [1] Demographics of Greece
2 United States United States Washington, D.C. 1,213,807 (2000 census) [2] – an estimated 3,000,000 claim Greek descent [3] Greek American
3 Cyprus Cyprus Nicosia 635,914 (2001 census) [4] Greek Cypriots, Greek Cypriot diaspora
4 Australia Australia Canberra 365,150 (2006 census) [5] – Greek Australian
5 Germany Germany Berlin 354,500 (est.) [6] – 320,000 (2006 est.) [7] Greeks in Germany
6 Canada Canada Ottawa 215,105 (2001 census) [8] – 450,000 (est.)[6] Greek Canadians
7 South Africa South Africa Pretoria 120,000 (est.) [6] – see also [4] Greeks in South Africa
8 United Kingdom United Kingdom London 112,163 (2001 census) - excludes all British-born Greeks (est. 200,000) [9] Greeks in Great Britain
9 Russia Russia Moscow 97,827 (2002 census) [10] – 150,000 (est.) [6] Greeks in Russia
10 Ukraine Ukraine Kiev 91,500 (2001 census) [11] – 250,000 (est.) [6] (500,000 - est. 2000) Greeks in Ukraine
11 Albania Albania Tirana 58,785 (1989 census) [12] – 400,000 (est.) [13] Greeks in Albania
12 France France Paris 35,000 (est.) [14] [6] Greeks in France
13 Brazil Brazil Brasília 25,000 – 30,000 (est.) [15] Greeks in Brazil
14 Belgium Belgium Brussels 25,000 (est.) [6] – 35,000 (est.) [16] Greeks in Belgium
15 Argentina Argentina Buenos Aires 20,000 (est.) [6] – 30,000 (est.) [17] Greeks in Argentina
16 Italy Italy Rome 20,000 (est.) [6] – 30,000 (est.) [18] Greeks in Italy
17 Georgia (country) Georgia Tbilisi 15,166 (2002 census) [19] – 120,000 (est.) [6] Greeks in Georgia
18 Serbia Serbia Belgrade 15,000 (est.) [20] Greeks in Serbia
19 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Astana 12,703 (1999 census) [21] – 120,000 (est.) [6] Greeks in Kazakhstan
20 Sweden Sweden Stockholm 12,000 – 15,000 (est.) [22] – 20,000 (est.) [6] Greeks in Sweden
21 Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Tashkent 9,500 (est.) [23] – 10,000 (est.) [6] Greeks in Uzbekistan
22 Switzerland Switzerland Bern 8,340 (est.) [6] – 11,000 (est.) [24] Greeks in Switzerland
23 Romania Romania Bucharest 6,513 (2002 census) [25] – 14,000 (est.) [6] Greeks in Romania
24 Austria Austria Vienna 5,000 (est.) [26] – 6,500 (est.) [6] Greeks in Austria
25 Turkey Turkey Ankara 5,000 (2006 est.) [27] Greeks in Turkey
26 New Zealand New Zealand Wellington 4,500 (est.) [28] – 10,000 (est.) [6] Greeks in New Zealand
27 Netherlands Netherlands Amsterdam 4,000 (est.) [6] – 12,500 (est.) [29] Greeks in the Netherlands
28 Egypt Egypt Cairo 3,800 (est.) [30] – 350,000 (1989 est.) [31] Greeks in Egypt
29 Bulgaria Bulgaria Sofia 3,408 (2001 census) [32] – 28,500 [33] Greeks in Bulgaria
30 Czech Republic Czech Republic Prague 3,231 (2001 census) [34] – 7,000 (est.) [35] Greeks in the Czech Republic
31 Moldova Moldova Chişinău 3,000 (est.) [36] – 4,000 (est.) [6] Greeks in Moldova
32 Hungary Hungary Budapest 2,509 (2001 census) [37] – 6,000 (est.) [38] Greeks in Hungary
33 Lebanon Lebanon Beirut 1,500 (est.) [6] Greeks in Lebanon
34 Oman Oman Muscat 1,500 (est.) [6] Greeks in Oman
35 Poland Poland Warsaw 1,404 (2002 census) [39] – 4,300 (est.) [6] Greeks in Poland
36 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Riyadh 1,300 (est.) [6] Greeks in Saudi Arabia
37 Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg 1,200 [6] – 2,000 (est.) [40] Greeks in Luxembourg
38 Cameroon Cameroon Yaoundé 1,200 (est.) [41] Greeks in Cameroon
39 Armenia Armenia Yerevan 1,176 (2002 census) [42] – 15,000 (est.) [41] Greeks in Armenia
40 Venezuela Venezuela Caracas 1,148 (est.) [43] – 2,500 (est.) [41] Greeks in Venezuela
41 Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Harare 1,100 (est.) [44] – 4,000 (est.) [41] Greeks in Zimbabwe
42 Uruguay Uruguay Montevideo 1,000 (est.) [41] – 2,000 (est.) [45] Greeks in Uruguay
43 Chile Chile Santiago 1,000 (est.) [41] – 1,500 (est.) [46] Greeks in Chile
44 Mexico Mexico Mexico City 1,000 (est.) [47] [41] Greeks in Mexico
45 Syria Syria Damascus 1,000 (est.) [41] Greeks in Syria
46 Panama Panama Panama City 800 (est.) [41] – 1,000 (est.) [48] Greeks in Panama
47 Zambia Zambia Lusaka 700 (est.) [41] Greeks in Zambia
48 Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Bishkek 650 – 700 (est.) [49] Greeks in Kyrgyzstan
49 Denmark Denmark Copenhagen 500 (est.) [41] – 1,000 (est.) [50] Greeks in Denmark
50 Ethiopia Ethiopia Addis Ababa 500 (est.) [51] – 700 (est.) [41] Greeks in Ethiopia
51 North Macedonia FYROM Skopje 422 (2002 census) [52] – 250,000 (1994 est.) [53] Greeks in the Republic of Macedonia
52 Jordan Jordan Amman 400 (est.) [41] – 600 (est.) [54] Greeks in Jordan
53 Norway Norway Oslo 350 (est.) [55] [41] Greeks in Norway
54 Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo (ex. Zaire) Kinshasa 300 (est.) [56] – 5000 (est.) [41] Greeks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
55 Spain Spain Madrid 300 (est.) [41] – 1,500 – 2,000 (est.) [57] Greeks in Spain
56 The Bahamas Bahamas Nassau 300 (est.) [41] Greeks in the Bahamas
57 Nigeria Nigeria Abuja 300 (est.) [58] [41] Greeks in Nigeria
58 Tanzania Tanzania Dodoma 300 (est.) [41] Greeks in Tanzania
59 Costa Rica Costa Rica San José 290, including those of Greek descent (est.)[59]; 80 (est.) [60] Greeks in Costa Rica
60 Israel Israel Jerusalem 250 – 300 (est.) [61] – 1,500 (est.) [41] (non-Jewish Greek only) Greeks in Israel
61 Sudan Sudan Khartoum 250 (est.) [62] – 700 (est.) [41] Greeks in Sudan
62 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Baku 250 – 300 (est.) [63] Greeks in Azerbaijan
63 Lithuania Lithuania Vilnius 250 (est.) [64] Greeks in Lithuania
64 Malawi Malawi Lilongwe 200 (est.) [65] – 800 (est.) [41] Greeks in Malawi
65 Colombia Colombia Bogotá, D.C. 200 (est.) [41] Greeks in Colombia
66 Republic of Ireland Ireland Dublin 200 (est.) [41] – for further information, see [5] Greeks in Ireland
67 Kenya Kenya Nairobi 200 (est.) [41] Greeks in Kenya
68 United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi 200 (est.) [41] Greeks in the United Arab Emirates
69 Morocco Morocco Rabat 180 (est.) [60] Greeks in Morocco
70 Peru Peru Lima 150 (est.) [60] – 350 (est.) [66] Greeks in Peru
71 Portugal Portugal Lisbon 150 (est.) [60] – 240 (est.) [67] Greeks in Portugal
72 Botswana Botswana Gaborone 150 (est.) [60] Greeks in Botswana
73 Djibouti Djibouti Djibouti City 150 (est.) [60] Greeks in Djibouti
74 Estonia Estonia Tallinn 150 (est.) [68] Greeks in Estonia
75 Finland Finland Helsinki 150 (est.) [69] [60] Greeks in Finland
76 Hong Kong Hong Kong – 150 (est.) [60] Greeks in Hong Kong
77 Kuwait Kuwait Kuwait City 140 (est.) [70] –150 (est.) [60] Greeks in Kuwait
78 Latvia Latvia Riga 100 (est.) [71] – 10,000 (est.) [60] Greeks in Latvia
79 Japan Japan Tokyo 100 (est) [60] – 300 (est.) [72] Greeks in Japan
80 Bolivia Bolivia La Paz 100 (est.) [73] [60] Greeks in Bolivia
81 China People's Republic of China Beijing 100 (est.) [74] Greeks in China
82 Indonesia Indonesia Jakarta 72 (est.) [75] Greeks in Indonesia
83 Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Port Moresby 70 (est.) [60] Greeks in Papua New Guinea
84 Iran Iran Tehran 60 (est.) [60] – 80 (est.) [76] Greeks in Iran
85 Ivory Coast Côte d'Ivoire Yamoussoukro 60 (est.) [60] Greeks in Côte d'Ivoire
86 Madagascar Madagascar Antananarivo 60 (est.) [60] Greeks in Madagascar
87 Slovenia Slovenia Ljubljana 54 (2002 census) [77] Greeks in Slovenia
88 Croatia Croatia Zagreb 50 (est.) [78] Greeks in Croatia
89 Tunisia Tunisia Tunis 50 (est.) [60] Greeks in Tunisia
90 Senegal Senegal Dakar 50 (est.) [60] Greeks in Senegal
91 Central African Republic Central African Republic Bangui 40 (est.) [60] Greeks in the Central African Republic
92 Qatar Qatar Doha 40 (est.) [60] Greeks in Qatar
93 Singapore Singapore – 40 (est.) [79] Greeks in Singapore
94 Malta Malta Valletta 35 – 40 (est.) [80] Greeks in Malta
95 Cuba Cuba Havana 30 (est.) [60] Greeks in Cuba
96 Algeria Algeria Algiers 30 (est.) [60] Greeks in Algeria
97 Eritrea Eritrea Asmara 30 (est.) [60] Greeks in Eritrea
98 Slovakia Slovakia Bratislava apart from some 80 students currently in Slovakia, there are no more than twenty Greeks, and no form of association [81] Greeks in Slovakia
99 Paraguay Paraguay Asunción 20 (est.) [60] – 25 (est.) [82] Greeks in Paraguay
100 Chad Chad N'Djamena 20 (est.) [60] Greeks in Chad
101 Ecuador Ecuador Quito 20 (est.) [60] Greeks in Ecuador
102 Guatemala Guatemala Guatemala City 20 (est.) [60] Greeks in Guatemala
103 Mozambique Mozambique Maputo 20 (est.) [60] Greeks in Mozambique
104 Namibia Namibia Windhoek 20 (est.) [60] Greeks in Namibia
105 Togo Togo Lomé 20 (est.) [60] Greeks in Togo
106 Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Brazzaville 10 (est.) [60] Greeks in the Republic of the Congo
107 Belarus Belarus Minsk unknown – for further information, see [6] Greeks in Belarus

See also

References

  1. ^ According to the 2001 census, the total population of Greece was 10,964,020 out of which 93% (or 10,196,539) are Greeks.
  2. ^ United States of America: 2000 census
  3. ^ United States Department of State: Background Note: Greece
  4. ^ 2001 census, in Cypriot government-controlled area.
  5. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics 2006: [1]
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Greeks around the Globe (they are quoting the statistics of the General Secretariat for Greeks Abroad as on October 12, 2004)
  7. ^ Germany: Greek population in Germany, by the Federal Republic of Germany (Relations between Greece and Germany)
  8. ^ See List of Canadians by ethnicity
  9. ^ BBC Special: Born Abroad [2]. This figure includes only Greeks born in Greece (35,007) and Cyprus (77,156). The actual number of Greeks (and especially Greek Cypriots) in the UK is much higher.
  10. ^ Norwegian Institute of International Affairs: Centre for Russian Studies: 2002 census
  11. ^ State Statistics Committee of Ukraine: 2001 census
  12. ^ UNPO: Greek Minority in Albania
  13. ^ Country Studies US: Greeks and Other Minorities
  14. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: France: The Greek Community
  15. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Brazil: The Greek Community
  16. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Belgium: The Greek Community
  17. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Argentina: The Greek Community
  18. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Italy: The Greek Community
  19. ^ Eurominority: Greeks in Georgia
  20. ^ Glas Javnosti: Nama su samo Srbi braća
  21. ^ Japan External Trade Organization: Institute of Developing Economies: Ethnodemographic situation in Kazakhstan
  22. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Sweden: The Greek Community
  23. ^ Central Asia – Caucasus analyst: Greeks in Uzbekistan
  24. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Switzerland: The Greek Community
  25. ^ ClubAfaceri: 2002 (Romanian) census
  26. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Austria: The Greek Community
  27. ^ "Ethnic Greeks of Istanbul convene", Athens News Agency, 2 July 2006. Additionally, there are 600,000 Greek-speaking people in Turkey according to the Columbia Encyclopedia [3], although this figure will certainly include Turkish-identifying Greek Muslims.
  28. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: New Zealand: The Greek Community
  29. ^ According to the Netherlands Statistical Service, quoted by: Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Netherlands: The Greek Community
  30. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Egypt: The Greek Community
  31. ^ United Nations Human Rights Website – Treaty Bodies Database – Document – Summary Record – Egypt
  32. ^ Republic of Bulgaria: National Statistical Institute: 2001 census
  33. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Bulgaria: The Greek Community
  34. ^ Office of the Czech Republic Government: Report on the Situation of National Minorities in the Czech Republic in 2001
  35. ^ According to the Association of Greek Communities in the Czech Republic quoted by the Office of the Czech Republic Government: Report on the Situation of National Minorities in the Czech Republic in 2001
  36. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Moldova
  37. ^ Hungarian Central Statistical Office: 2001 census
  38. ^ Eurominority: Greeks in Hungary
  39. ^ See Demographics of Poland
  40. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Luxembourg: The Greek Community
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Greeks around the Globe (they are quoting the statistics of the General Secretariat for Greeks Abroad as on October 12, 2004)
  42. ^ National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia: 2002 census
  43. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Venezuela: The Greek Community
  44. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Zimbabwe: The Greek Community
  45. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Uruguay: The Greek Community
  46. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Chile: The Greek Community
  47. ^ Comunidad Helenica de Mexico: The Greek side of Mexico
  48. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Uruguay: The Greek Community
  49. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Kyrgyzstan: The Greek Community
  50. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Denmark: The Greek Community
  51. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Ethiopia: The Greek Community
  52. ^ See Demographics of the Republic of Macedonia
  53. ^ Johns Hopkins University Press: Victor Roudometof, Nationalism and Identity Politics in the Balkans: Greece and the Macedonian Question
  54. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Jordan: The Greek Community
  55. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Norway: The Greek Community
  56. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Democratic Republic of Congo: The Greek Community
  57. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Spain: The Greek Community
  58. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Nigeria: The Greek Community
  59. ^ http://www.solatino.gr/spa/art/consulado_costa_rica/article769
  60. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Greeks around the Globe (they are quoting the statistics of the General Secretariat for Greeks Abroad as on October 12, 2004)
  61. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Azerbaijan: The Greek Community
  62. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Sudan: The Greek Community
  63. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Azerbaijan: The Greek Community
  64. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Lithuania: The Greek Community
  65. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Malawi: The Greek Community
  66. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Peru: The Greek Community
  67. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Portugal: The Greek Community
  68. ^ Estonian Statistical Office: Estonia: The Greek Community
  69. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Finland: The Greek Community
  70. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Kuwait: The Greek Community
  71. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Latvia: The Greek Community
  72. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Japan: The Greek Community
  73. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Bolivia: The Greek Community
  74. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: China: The Greek Community
  75. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Indonesia: The Greek Community
  76. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Iran: The Greek Community
  77. ^ Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia: Census of population, households and housing 2002
  78. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Croatia: The Greek Community
  79. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Singapore: The Greek Community
  80. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Malta: The Greek Community
  81. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Slovakia
  82. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Singapore: The Greek Community
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