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International recognition of Kosovo

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Esanchezyn (talk | contribs) at 23:40, 19 February 2008 (→‎States that have declared that they will not recognise Kosovo as independent). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

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The following is a list of countries that have taken a position on the recognition of the Republic of Kosovo after it declared its independence on 17 February 2008.

The European Union (EU) on 18 February officially stated that it would 'take note' of Kosovo's move, but leaves the question of recognition to its member states.[1] Most of them have declared they will, but some countries (Spain, Cyprus, Romania and Slovakia) have chosen not to recognise Kosovo, at least in the short term, due to fears of other separatist movements using Kosovo as a precedent for their claims.[2]

Serbia[3] and Russia have opposed Kosovo's independence, claiming that it is illegal.[citation needed] The United States, France, United Kingdom, Turkey and Australia are some of the major countries that have recognised the Republic.[4] A great number of EU countries are expected to recognise Kosovo on 21 February.[5]

Recognition from states

  Kosovo
  States which formally recognise Kosovo as independent.
  States which have stated they intend to formally recognise Kosovo as independent.
  States which have delayed or have expressed neutrality on recognition of Kosovo's independence.
  States which have expressed concern over unilateral moves or expressed wish for further negotiations.
  States which have stated they will not recognise Kosovo as independent.
  States with no reported position at present.

States that formally recognise the independent Republic of Kosovo

Country Date of recognition Notes
1  Costa Rica[6] 17 February 2008
2  Afghanistan[7] 18 February 2008
3  United States[4] 18 February 2008 United Nations has veto power in the United Nations Security Council
4  France[8][9][10] 18 February 2008 United Nations has veto power in the United Nations Security Council
European Union European Union member state
5  Albania[11][12] 18 February 2008
6  Turkey[13] 18 February 2008 European Union candidate country
7  United Kingdom[14][10] 18 February 2008 United Nations has veto power in the United Nations Security Council
European Union European Union member state
8  Australia[15] 19 February 2008
9  Senegal[16] 19 February 2008

Partially recognised states that recognise the independent Republic of Kosovo

Country Date of recognition Notes
1  Republic of China (Taiwan)[17][18] 18 February 2008 Recognised by 23 countries. PRC claims that Taiwan has no right to give recognition to the Republic of Kosovo.[2]
2  Northern Cyprus[19] 18 February 2008 Only Recognised by Turkey.

The Republic of Kosovo has not yet issued a statement on whether it recognises the Republic of China or the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus reciprocally, or whether it considers them part of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Cyprus.

States planning to recognise the independent Republic of Kosovo

Country Expected date of recognition Notes
 Austria[20][21] 20 February 2008 European Union European Union member state
 Belgium[22] European Union European Union member state
 Bulgaria[23] European Union European Union member state
 Croatia[24] European Union candidate country
 Denmark[25] European Union European Union member state
 Estonia[26] European Union European Union member state
 Finland[27][28] 29 February 2008 European Union European Union member state
 Germany[27] 20 February 2008 European Union European Union member state
 Hungary[29][30] European Union European Union member state
 Ireland[31] European Union European Union member state
 Italy[32] 20 February 2008 European Union European Union member state
 Japan[33]
 Latvia[26] European Union European Union member state
 Lithuania[34] European Union European Union member state
 Luxembourg[35] 21 February 2008 European Union European Union member state
 North Macedonia[36] European Union candidate country
 Pakistan[37]
 Poland[38] 25 February 2008 European Union European Union member state
 Portugal[39] European Union European Union member state
 Slovenia[40] European Union European Union member state
 Sweden[41][42] 4 March 2008[43] European Union European Union member state
 Switzerland[44]

States that have declared that they will not recognise Kosovo as independent

Note: European Union denotes a European Union member state.
Country Notes
 Azerbaijan[45] Due to it's own separatist problem in Nagorno-Karabakh
 Belarus[46] Due to it's being an ally of Russia and Serbia
 Cyprus[47] European Union European Union member state
 Georgia[2][48][49]
 Kazakhstan[50] Due to it's being an ally of Russia and Serbia
Member of the Order of Liberty Member of the Order of Liberty[51] Due to it's being an ally of Russia and Serbia
 Romania[52][53] European Union European Union member state
 Russia[47] United Nations has veto power in the United Nations Security Council
 Serbia[2][47]
 Slovakia[2][47] European Union European Union member state
 Spain[2] European Union European Union member state
 Sri Lanka[54]
 Vietnam[55]

States which have expressed concern over unilateral moves or expressed wish for further negotiations

Country Notes
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Not in the near future. Bosnia-Herzegovina would not be among the countries to recognize an independent Kosovo in the near future, said the Chairman of Bosnia-Herzegovina's tripartite state presidency Željko Komšić.[56]
 Brazil Is watching the UN, wants agreement among all parties. External Relations Ministry issued a statement on February 18, 2008, declaring that Brazil is "monitoring closely the situation [that has] arisen from Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence", recalling that "the matter is before the UN Security Council, including in light of the legal framework of Resolution 1244 (1999)", that "Brazil hopes for the prevalence of a constructive orientation and of a political will that allows for the reaching of a satisfactory situation, calls upon the parties involved to display maximum restraint so as not to endanger the peace and security of the region and to secure the rights of minorities" stressing that it favours "the continuity of negotiations under the auspices of the UN", and that it considers that "a solution must be found at the multi-lateral level". [57] [58]
 People's Republic of China Considers the situation to be dangerous; wants negotiation. The Chinese Foreign Minister has made the a statement stressing that the PRC "expresses grave concern" over Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence. The Minister's remarks go on to add that "The resolution of the Kosovo issue bears on peace and stability of the Balkan region, the fundamental norms governing international relations as well as the authority and role of the UN Security Council. China always believes that a plan acceptable to both Serbia and Kosovo through negotiations is the best way to resolve this issue", that "the unilateral move taken by Kosovo will lead to a series of consequences. China is deeply worried about its severe and negative impact on peace and stability of the Balkan region and the goal of establishing a multi-ethnic society in Kosovo", stressing that "China calls upon Serbia and Kosovo to continue negotiations for a proper resolution within the framework of the international law and work together to safeguard peace and stability of the Balkan region", and adding that "the international community should create favorable conditions for that". [59] [60] (United Nations has veto power in the United Nations Security Council)
 New Zealand Neutral. "It's never been the New Zealand Government's position to recognise in such circumstances. We will neither recognise nor not recognise." according to PM Helen Clark.[61]
 Philippines Wants negotiations. Foreign Secretary Alberto Romulo said in a statement "Considering the existing sensibilities in the region, continued dialogue should be encouraged among all the parties concerned to ensure regional stability,"[62]
 South Africa Wants negotiations. South Africa has called for further negotiation between Serbia and Kosovo, in its capacity as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. [63]

Other states, including undecided or ambiguous positions

Country Notes
 Argentina Waiting for a UN Security Council decision.[64]
 Armenia Not right away, but prime minister appears to be pro-independence. Prime Minister said in an interview given to Reuters that Armenia will not immediately recognise Nagorno-Karabagh, referring to Armenia's position that it will not immediately recognise Kosovo as well. However he said that "Recognition of Kosovo's independence can be welcomed by us."[65]
 Bangladesh Monitoring the situation in Kosovo, waiting to see what happens next.. A Government spokesman said "The interests of the people of Kosovo have always been close to Bangladeshi hearts, and we are proud to have contributed to the stability of that region through our peace-keepers".[66]
 Burkina Faso Wary and cautious. Burkina Faso said it would take note of the new situation and stated that it hopes that violence would not erupt.[67]
 Canada Not in a rush to pick sides. Canada has not yet taken a position on Kosovo's independence, and is not expected to move rapidly on the issue.[68] Some analysts consider Canada to be awaiting United Nations approval, given that Kosovo's actions could lend legitimacy to other sub-national regions, such as Quebec, unilaterally declaring independence.[69]
 Colombia Waiting for a UN Security Council decision. [70]
 Czech Republic Conditionally pro-independence, but doesn't want to be first to recognise Kosovo. Foreign Minister stated that the Czech Republic will recognise Kosovo's independence after it is recognised by most European states, depending on behaviour of Kosovar authorities.[71] (European Union)
 Egypt Ambiguous position. Foreign Ministry spokesman urged the parties to abide by international law and support regional stability, but did not say whether Egypt recognises Kosovo.[2]
 Greece Will watch and see what happens first. Greece has stated it will take all developments into consideration and decide at a later time.[72] (European Union)
 Iceland Doesn't want to be among first to recognise Kosovo. Foreign Minister, Ingibjörg Sólrún Gísladóttir has said that it would not be wise for Iceland to be among the first nations to recognise the independence of Kosovo.
 India Hasn't decided yet. India has not yet announced a formal position and is weighing its options carefully.[73]
 Indonesia Wait and see; Parliament will talk about it. Foreign Ministry spokesman Kristiarto Soeryo Legowo said on Sunday night that The Indonesian government will observe closely developments in Kosovo and is not yet in a position to give its recognition to the unilaterally declared independence. The issue will be debated in parliament among the Indonesian parties.[74]
 Israel Not right away. Israel will not recognise Kosovo immediately.[75]
 Libya Wants the Balkans to stay peaceful. Libya stated at the UNSC session that it hoped that violence would not return to the Balkans and that Kosovo must remain an exceptional case in an exceptional situation.[67]
 Malta Awaiting the United Nations Security Council's decision. [2] (European Union)
 Mexico Wait and see; wants negotiations. Mexico is closely monitoring the situation and asks that all parties agree peacefully, through dialogue, on the final status of Kosovo and to reach an agreement on the rights of minorities and maintaining peace and security in the Balkans.[76]
 Montenegro Awaiting the European Union's decision. [77]
 Netherlands Not in a hurry to recognise independence. The minister of Foreign Affairs Maxime Verhagen said in response to Kosovo's declaration of independence that, although we face a "new reality", the Netherlands government will not hurry recognition.[78] (European Union)
 Norway Is thinking about it. Norway will spend the next few days considering its relations with Kosovo. An official press release did not mention the word "recognition".[79]
 Panama No policy one way or the other. Panama regrets that Serbia and Kosovo could not come up with a negotiated solution and has no current policy on whether to recognize or not recognize Kosovo's independence.[80]
 Singapore Thinking about it. Singapore is still studying Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence from Serbia. A spokesman of the Foreign Ministry dubbed the declaration of independence as a "controversial move that has many complex ramifications around the world".[81]
 South Korea Leaning in favour of recognition, but a change in administration may affect that stance. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade released a statement that it "hopes for peace and stability in the region ... [is] looking into this issue while comprehensively considering the current situation there...". Given the wide degree of support for independence from key Korean allies, for instance, the United States, Germany and France, it is likely that the Korean government will recognise the republic and establish diplomatic relations. However, with a change in administration in Korea, strong bilateral ties with Belgrade and the influence of Russia and China, important regional partners, it is equally likely that recognition will be delayed or simply remain tacit in deference to the delicate political situation.[82][83]
 Uganda Thinking about it. The Ugandan government is carefully studying Kosovo's declaration of independence before it makes a decision to recognise it as a state or not.[84]
 Ukraine No opinion just yet. Foreign Minister Volodymyr Ohryzko stated that Ukraine has not yet taken a position on the issue, and that its decision might not coincide with that of the European Union's.[85]
 Vatican City Hopes the conflicting parties are being careful. The Vatican urged Serbia and Kosovo to approach the situation with "prudence and moderation" and that Pope Benedict XVI would be praying for them at "this crucial moment in their history."[86]

International organisations

International organization Notes
 UN No consensus in the Security Council. Russia called an emergency session of the United Nations Security Council on 17 February, but the council members, unsurprisingly (given differences in stated position between permanent members), failed to reach a consensus. Russia has requested another meeting on 18 February.[87]
 EU The member states make their own decisions on whether to recognise Kosovo. The European Union (EU) on 18 February officially stated that it would 'take note' of Kosovo's move, but leaves the question of recognition to its member states.[88] The Union is sending the EULEX mission to Kosovo, which includes a special representative and 2000 police and judicial personnel.[89][90]
NATO Business as usual. NATO maintains that its ongoing Kosovo Force mission and mandate remain unchanged and continues to operate under the agreement "between KFOR and the Republic of Serbia from June 1999."[91]
File:Flag of OIC.svg OIC Pro-independence. Secretary General of the Organization of the Islamic Conference Prof. Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu said "Kosovo has finally declared its independence after a long and determined struggle by its people. As we rejoice this happy result, we declare our solidarity with and support to our brothers and sisters there. The Islamic Umma wishes them success in their new battle awaiting them which is the building of a strong and prosperous a state capable of satisfying of its people."[92]

Other entities

Entity Notes
International Olympic Committee Will only admit Kosovo if made a UN member. A spokeswoman of the International Olympic Committee has said IOC will not recognise Kosovo without membership in UN.[93]
File:SPC-zastava.jpg Serbian Orthodox Church Anti-independence. In a statement to Glas Javnosti, a Serbian journal, the Bishop Artemije of Ras and Prizren Eparchy (the diocese which covers Kosovo) said: "Kosovo was and will always be Serbian," adding that independence declaration will be "a temporary state of occupation," and that "Serbia must buy arms from Russia and other countries, and ask Russia to send volunteers and build a military presence in Serbia."[94][95] Acting Head of the Church Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral Amfilohije Radović has subsequently urgently criticized Kosovo's declaration of independence, followed by Patriarch Paul.
The Crown Council of The Royal House of Serbia and Yugoslavia Rejected Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence, saying that: "Europe had diminished its own morale, embarassed its own history and shown that it carries within its organism the virus of its own downfall," and that "it is a defeat of the idea of democracy," ... "a defeat of the universally accepted rules of international law," and that a "part of the project of Mussolini and Hitler has finally been accomplished, in the territory of Serbia".[96]
The European United Left–Nordic Green Left political group in the European Parliament This political faction heavily criticises the declaration of independence, saying that Kosovo's independence is in conflict with resolutions of the UN Security Council and that secession from Serbia is against international law. A spokesman for the group says that the Kosovo's secession could open Pandora's box and that, "This danger applies in particular to countries where there are what are known as 'frozen conflicts', such as Georgia, Russia, Armenia, Moldova and Cyprus. So today's decision sets a dangerous precedent that should be the subject of criticism from the international community."[97]
The Parti Québécois, a nationalist party in Quebec, Canada This party sent congratulations to the people of Kosovo, echoing the party's stance which advocates national sovereignty for Québec.[98]
Basque Nationalist Party Pro-independence. Spokeswoman Miren Azkarate referred to the Kosovo's secession process as a pacifistic and democratic example of how a problem of national identity can be solved. She has also criticised Spain's refusal to recognise Kosovo. Iñigo Urkullu, the party's president, also asked the government of Spain to recognise Kosovo as a nation. He asked also for an equal treatment of minorities in the constitution of the newly-formed state.[99][100]
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Pro-independence. Usman Ferzauli, the Foreign Minister of the separatist group, said that Chechen rebels "welcome the declaration of state independence by Kosovo and do not question the right of the people of Kosovo to distance themselves from the state that terrorized it".[101]

Diplomatic reaction of Serbia

The Government of Serbia will recall Serbian ambassadors from states recognizing Kosovo, as it already did in the case of the United States,[102] Australia,[103] France and Turkey[104] for consultations, as part of the overall diplomatic answer to the recognition of Kosovo.

References

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  79. ^ "Government to consider Kosovo's declaration of independence". Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2008-02-17. Retrieved 2008-02-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  80. ^ "COMUNICADO - Posición de Panamá sobre Kosovo". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 2008-02-17. Retrieved 2008-02-19. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  81. ^ "S'pore studying Kosovo's declaration of independence from Serbia". Channel NewsAsia. 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-02-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  82. ^ "S. Korea Remains Calm over Kosovo's Independence".
  83. ^ "Press Briefing, Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade, Republic of Korea".
  84. ^ "Kosovo's proclamation of independence triggers more mixed responses".
  85. ^ "Ukraine to determine its position with regard to Kosovo's independence after thoroughly analyzing current situation". National Radio Company of Ukraine. February 18, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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  87. ^ "Security Council divided on Kosovo independence". The Times of India. 2008-02-17. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
  88. ^ http://euobserver.com/9/25684
  89. ^ http://www.euractiv.com/en/enlargement/serbia-russia-fury-kosovo-independence-draws-near/article-170333
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  104. ^ ""Srbija suverena, Kosovo nije"".
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