Smolensk air disaster

Coordinates: 54°49′31.19″N 32°3′10.28″E / 54.8253306°N 32.0528556°E / 54.8253306; 32.0528556
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Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash
Tupolev Tu-154M at Zagreb Airport, during President Kaczyński's visit to Croatia in 2010
Incident
Date10 April 2010[1]
SummaryUnder investigation[1]
Site300m short of runway at Smolensk-North air base[2]
54°49′31.19″N 32°3′10.28″E / 54.8253306°N 32.0528556°E / 54.8253306; 32.0528556
Aircraft
Aircraft typeTupolev Tu-154
Operator36 SPLT, Polish Air Force
Registration101
Flight originFrédéric Chopin Airport,
Warsaw, Poland
DestinationSmolensk-North Airport
Smolensk, Russia
Passengers89
Crew7
Fatalities96 (all)

On 10 April 2010, a Tupolev Tu-154M aircraft of the Polish 36th Special Aviation Regiment crashed next to Smolensk-North air base after mistakenly being targeted by a Russian air defense system, just outside Smolensk near Pechyorsk, Smolensk Oblast, Russia, killing the President of Poland Lech Kaczyński and other Polish officials, including the chief of staff and senior military officers, the central bank governor, deputy foreign minister and dignitaries in the government, vice-speakers and members of the upper and lower houses of the parliament and senior members of clergy of various denominations. They were on their way to mark the 70th anniversary of the Katyn massacre.[3]

The cause of the crash is under investigation and details still unconfirmed. News agencies reported that the pilot attempted four times to land in heavy fog, ignoring the advice of the ground control to divert to a safer airport, either in Minsk or Moscow. On the fourth landing attempt the plane struck trees 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) from the airfield and smashed into pieces across the floor of the wooded area.

All 96 people on the Soviet-produced aircraft died in the accident. It was among the worst disasters in Polish history by death-toll, and the most deadly aircraft crash since July 2009.

Accident

The plane carrying the Polish President Lech Kaczyński, a Tupolev Tu-154M,[4] crashed at 10:56 MSD, (08:56 CEST, 06:56 UTC),[5] near Smolensk, Russia. President Kaczyński was due to visit Smolensk to mark the 70th anniversary of the Katyn massacre.[5] The flight had departed from Warsaw's Frédéric Chopin Airport and was bound for Smolensk Airport.[6] The aircraft was carrying 88 passengers and 8 crew, according to the Ministry of Emergency Situations. An 89th passenger, presidential aide Zofia Kruszyńska-Gust, felt sick just before the trip and did not board the plane.

The crash occurred in foggy conditions (500 metres (1,600 ft) visibility) about 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) from the airfield, about 300 to 400 metres (1000 ft) off the landing path,[7] after the pilots attempted a go-around.[8] The base was closed because of thick fog and the pilot was advised by flight control to land in Moscow or Minsk; however he decided to continue with the original flight plan and the crash occurred on the fourth approach after three failed attempts.[9][10] The cause of the crash was initially attributed to crew error and investigators and criminal law experts were dispatched to the crash site.[11][12][13] In 2008, a different pilot of Kaczyński's plane was threatened with dismissal when he refused to land the aircraft in Tbilisi during the South Ossetian war between Georgia and Russia.[14]

The Governor of Smolensk Oblast, Sergey Antufiyev, confirmed that there were no survivors in the crash. The plane, which was reported to have been flying at a very low altitude, clipped trees and crashed into the ground.[5] Russian state television reported that the Tu-154M jet crashed about a kilometre short of the runway on its fourth attempt to land in heavy fog at the Smolensk-Severnyi military airport, shortly before 11 a.m. Moscow time. Pictures from the scene showed parts of the airplane charred and strewn through a wooded area. Some pieces, including one of the wheel wells, were upside-down.[5]

Russian and Polish officials said 97 people were aboard, including the president and his wife, as well as other top officials, though Russian officials and media gave varying figures for the number of dead.[15]

Accident Chronology

According to TVN24, all the post-tragedy events took place in the following order[16]:

  • 05.23 GMT - aircraft takes off from Warsaw
  • 06.56 GMT - plane crashes
  • before 07.00 GMT - first unofficial information
  • 07.26 GMT - Ministry of Foreign Affairs informs about the accident
  • 07.36 GMT - Rescue crew have extinguished the fire and starts to pull out the victims off the aircraft
  • 07.41 GMT - Russian Ministry informs that 87 people died in the crash
  • 07.49 GMT - Polish Goverment Information Centre informs that Prime Minister Donald Tusk is on his way from Gdańsk to Warsaw
  • 07.54 GMT - Smolensk District Governor informs that nobody survived the accident
  • 08.08 GMT - Ministry of Foreign Affairs PR officer informs that most likely nobody survived the accident
  • 08.15 GMT - President of Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev calls up a special committee supervised by Vladimir Putin to investigate the reasons of tragedy
  • 08.25 GMT - Bronisław Komorowski, Marshal of the Sejm arrives in Warsaw
  • 08.36 GMT - PR officer of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs informs that presumably Lech Kaczyński and his wife have died in the accident
  • 08.41 GMT - Russian Investigation Committee informs that Polish aircraft contained 132 people
  • 08.55 GMT - Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs confirms that nobody has survived
  • 09.06 GMT - Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs officially confirms that all people in the aircraft have died

Investigation

Within hours after the crash, the President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev announced the establishment of a special commission for the investigation of the accident. The commission will be supervised by the Prime Minister of Russia Vladimir Putin.[17][18][19] An Investigation Committee of the Prosecutor General of Russia started a criminal case in accordance with a "violation of the safety rules" of the Russian Criminal Code.[20]

Initial theories

History of the aircraft

The aircraft, construction number 90A837, was built at Kuibyshev aviation plant (№18) in Kuybyshev. It was manufactured on 29 June 1990 for the Polish Air Force.[21]

Several hours after theories about the weather and pilot error were floated, the BBC reported that questions about the 20-year-old aeroplane were being raised. They reported that "in late 2008 Kaczynski had suffered a couple of scares. Problems with the aircraft's steering mechanism delayed his departure from Mongolia, forcing him to take a charter flight to Tokyo." "However, the aircraft had recently undergone a major overhaul and Aleksey Gusev, the head of the maintenance plant that carried out the work, told Polish TV that it should not have had technical problems", an article on the BBC's website read.[22] According to a Polish military magazine the airplane was serviced in December 2009 in Samara and received 5-year/7500-flight-hour warranty; the crash happened just after 138 flight hours.[23] Paul Duffy, a now deceased Russian aviation expert, stated in 2004, that in 28 crashes involving the Tu-154 up to that date, few had crashed due to technical failure, and the hull-loss rate was normal for the number in service, the amount of years it has been operated, and for the technology of the aircraft.[22]

Pilot ignoring advice from air traffic control

Reuters claimed that the pilot of the jet had 'ignored advice'. A mission control operator spoke anonymously to the news organization, saying "The pilot was advised to fly to Moscow or Minsk because of heavy fog, but he still decided to land. No one should have been landing in that fog."[24]

Alexandr Aleshin, the First Deputy Chief of the Main Staff of the Russian Air Force, says that the plane increased its descent rate and went below the glide slope while the aircraft was 1.5 km (0.93 mi) from the runway. Controllers instructed the crew to abort the approach; when the pilot did not follow instructions, controllers advised the aircraft to return to the reserve landing point. This order was repeated several times but the crew continued with the approach and crashed.[25]

Lack of ILS at airport

The Smolensk North airport, a former military airbase now in mixed military and civilian use, does not have an instrument landing system[26] that would make a landing in dense fog a routine operation.

Official investigation

Special meeting of Dmitry Medvedev and Vladimir Putin.

At around 11:53 UTC on the day of the crash, the recovery of the first "black box" flight recorder was confirmed by Sergey Shoygu, head of the Russian EMERCOM. The second "black box" was found at about 15:45 UTC.[27]

Political aftermath

According to the Polish Constitution, on the President's death his duties were taken on by the Marshal of the Sejm (Speaker of the lower house of the Polish parliament) — currently Bronisław Komorowski, who thus became the Acting President of Poland.[28] Within fortnight, Komorowski must announce the date of popular presidential election to be held within further 60 days on a weekend, i. e. before 20 June. Kaczyński was up for re-election in late September or early October, before the end of his first five-year term.[29]

Reaction in Poland

Crowds on the Royal Route, Warsaw

The Polish public reacted with shock and grief to the tragedy. Almost immediately after the news broke, mourners assembled before the presidential palace in Warsaw to lay hundreds of tributes, including flowers, wreaths, and candles. Elsewhere in Warsaw, Poles taped black ribbons to their front windows. It was reported that many villages, such as Gorzno, were practically deserted while their residents stayed home to watch news coverage of the disaster. Komorowski, as acting president, called for a two-minute moment of silence on 11 April, and formally declared a national week of mourning.

In Kraków, the Zygmunt bells of the Wawel Cathedral -- which are only rung in times of profound grief -- was tolled by twenty monks.

Former president Aleksander Kwaśniewski told TVN24 that “It is a cursed place. It sends shivers down my spine. First the flower of the Second Polish Republic is murdered in the forests around Smolensk, now the intellectual elite of the Third Polish Republic die in this tragic plane crash when approaching Smolensk airport.”[30]

According to the Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk: "The contemporary world has not seen a tragedy of such proportions".[31]

Former Polish Prime Minister Leszek Miller, who had himself suffered injuries in a helicopter crash while in office, said that Poland's aircraft were known to be in need of replacement. "I once said that we will one day meet in a funeral procession, and that is when we will take the decision to replace the aircraft fleet," he said.[32]

Reaction in Russia

Dmitry Medvedev and Vladimir Putin in church
Dmitry Medvedev addresses people of Poland (transcript in English).

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and Prime Minister Vladimir Putin expressed their condolences to the acting President and speaker of the parliament, Bronislaw Komorowski.[33] Chairman of International Committee of the State Duma Konstantin Kosachev said that "Katyn claimed yet more victims". Chairman of the State Duma Boris Gryzlov has expressed condolences.[34] April 12 2010 will be a national day of mourning in Russia.

Notable passengers

First, incomplete published list of passengers

According to the flight manifest, on board were, amongst others:[35][36][37]

Presidential and governmental figures

  1. Lech Kaczyński, President of Poland
  2. Maria Kaczyńska, First Lady of Poland
  3. Mariusz Handzlik, Undersecretary of State in the Office of the President of the Republic of Poland
  4. Ryszard Kaczorowski, the last President of the Polish government-in-exile
  5. Andrzej Kremer, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
  6. Tomasz Merta, Deputy Minister of Culture
  7. Sławomir Skrzypek, President of the National Bank of Poland
  8. Władysław Stasiak, Chief of the Office of the President of the Republic of Poland
  9. Aleksander Szczygło, Head of the National Security Bureau
  10. Paweł Wypych, Secretary of State in the Office of the President of the Republic of Poland

Military figures

  1. Lieutenant General Andrzej Błasik, Commander of the Polish Air Force
  2. Major General Tadeusz Buk, Commander of the Polish Land Forces
  3. General Franciszek Gągor, Chief of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces
  4. Vice Admiral Andrzej Karweta, Commander of the Polish Navy
  5. Stanislaw Komorowski, Deputy Minister of National Defence
  6. Lieutenant General Bronislaw Kwiatkowski, Commander of the Polish Armed Forces Operational Command
  7. Major General Włodzimierz Potasiński, Commander of the Polish Special Forces
  8. Brigadier General Kazimierz Gilarski, Commander of the Warsaw Garrison

Six of the seven highest military commanders (the Commander-in-Chief - President, the Chief of the General Staff and all four Branch Commanders) of the Polish Armed Forces were killed at once. The Minister of Defence, Bogdan Klich, was not on the plane.

Senate members

  1. Krystyna Bochenek, Deputy Speaker of the Senate
  2. Janina Fetlińska
  3. Stanisław Zając

Sejm members

  1. Leszek Deptuła
  2. Grzegorz Dolniak
  3. Grażyna Gęsicka
  4. Przemysław Gosiewski
  5. Izabela Jaruga-Nowacka
  6. Sebastian Karpiniuk
  7. Aleksandra Natalli-Świat
  8. Krzysztof Putra, Deputy Speaker of the Sejm
  9. Arkadiusz Rybicki
  10. Jerzy Szmajdziński, Deputy Speaker of the Sejm
  11. Jolanta Szymanek-Deresz
  12. Zbigniew Wassermann
  13. Wiesław Woda
  14. Edward Wojtas

Religious figures

  1. Archbishop Miron Chodakowski, Orthodox Ordinary of the Polish Army
  2. Tadeusz Płoski, bishop of the Military Ordinariate of the Polish Army
  3. Ryszard Rumianek, Rector of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University
  4. Bronisław Gostomski, Reverend of St Andrew Bobola Polish Church in London[38][39]

Others

  1. Janusz Kochanowski, Polish Ombudsman for Citizen Rights
  2. Janusz Kurtyka, historian and President of the Institute of National Remembrance
  3. Piotr Nurowski, President of the Polish Olympic Committee
  4. Maciej Płażyński, President of the Polish Community Association, former Speaker of the Sejm
  5. Andrzej Przewoźnik, Secretary-General of the Council for the Protection of Struggle and Martyrdom Sites
  6. Anna Walentynowicz, one of major activists of the free trade union Solidarity in the late 1970s and early 1980s
  7. Janusz Zakrzeński, actor

International response

Countries

State Response
 Afghanistan Afghan President Hamid Karzai expressed his deep sorrow and condolence over the sudden death of Polish President and his entourage on Saturday.[40]
 Albania Albanian President Bamir Topi expressed his deep sorrow for the loss of President Kaczyński.[41] Albanian Prime Minister Sali Berisha, Parliament Speaker Jozefina Topalli and opposition leader Edi Rama also sent their condolences to the Polish People.
 Algeria The party's general secretary has Workers' Party (Algeria) Louisa Hanoune, sent his condolences to the families and offered them support.[42]
 Argentina Argentine President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner said: "the Argentine people and government accompany the families of the victims and the great Polish nation in their anguish."[43]
 Armenia Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan and RA Parliament Speaker Hovik Abrahamyan sent a letter of condolences to Polish Sejm Marshal Bronislaw Komorowski.[44][45]
 Austria President Heinz Fischer expresses his condolences in a written statement to the families of the victims and the people of Poland.[46]
 Azerbaijan President Ilham Aliyev sent a telegram and expressed his deepest condolences to Polish people.[47]
 Belarus President Alexsandr Lukashenko has "expressed his sincere condolences to the Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland ... following a plane crash in Smolensk Region of Russia that killed dozens of Polish citizens among whom was President Lech Kaczyński of the Republic of Poland".[48]
 Belgium Prime minister Yves Leterme and foreign minister Steven Vanackere have sent a message of sympathy to the people of Poland. In a joint press statement they spoke of the Belgian Government’s shock at the death of the Polish President Lech Kaczynski in a plane crash in Russia.

"In the name of the Belgian Government and in our own name we would like to express our deepest sympathy to the Polish Government, the Polish people and the families of the victims”.[49]

 Bosnia and Herzegovina Prime Minister of Republika Srpska, Milorad Dodik, sent his condolences to Donald Tusk, Prime Minister of Poland, saying "All of us in Republika Srpska are deeply shaken with the news of the death of the President Kaczyński as well as all other passengers. On behalf of the Government of Republika Srpska and in my own name and on behalf of all citizens of Republika Srpska I express my deepest condolences to you and the families of the plane crash victims".[50]
 Brazil President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva declared three days of mourning for the death of the President of Poland.[51]
 Bulgaria Prime Minister Boyko Borisov noted that his country was mourning along with Poland. "Poland has lost an outstanding statesman, who until his last hour remained connected with the Polish idea, and the fate of Poland", Bulgarian Prime Minister says in a statement. [52]
 Canada Governor General Michaëlle Jean and the Consort General commented that "we wish to extend our sincere condolences to the families and friends of the deceased. Our thoughts are with Canada’s Polish community, which is in shock and which we know had great affection and admiration for President Kaczynski."[53] Prime Minister Stephen Harper expressed his profound sadness Saturday over the deaths of Poland's president, his wife and several senior officials. "On behalf of the government of Canada and all Canadians, I wish to express my deepest sympathy, and my sincere condolences, to the government and people of Poland on this very sad day," the statement added.[54]
 China Chinese President Hu Jintao sent his condolences to Bronislaw Komorowski over the death of Polish President Lech Kaczyński. Hu said in the message that he was shocked and grieved to learn of the death of Kaczynski and his Polish state delegation in a plane crash in the Russian city of Smolensk. "On behalf of the Chinese people and in my own name, I express my deep condolences to President Kaczysnki and all other victims, as well as sincere sympathies to their families and the Polish people," Hu said. Premier Wen Jiabao and Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi also sent their condolences to Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk and Foreign Minister Radoslaw Sikorski over the plane crash.[55]
 Colombia Colombian President Alvaro Uribe Velez sent the following message "We send a message to the people of Poland, the Polish authorities, to voice our heartfelt condolences over the death a few hours ago, in a plane crash of President Lech Kaczynski, his wife Mary and a delegation of the Government of Poland and the polish Armed Forces.

We accompany the great Polish people in this hour of tragedy. Feel the affection of the people of Colombia and I invite my fellow Colombians to observe a minute of silence to express the affection for the people of Poland, solidarity in this day of mourning.

We accompany with all our hearts the brotherly people of Poland" [56]

 Croatia Foreign Minister Gordan Jandroković expressed condolences and said that Croatia shares grief of Polish people as it joins prayers of all victims' families.[57]
 Czech Republic President Václav Klaus expressed his condolences and said that he lost a true friend (Lech Kaczyński). Klaus said that "Czechs are in shock and saddened about this tragedy.[58]
 Denmark Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen expressed his condolences: "It is with sadness that I have received notification that a large number of people have lost their lives in the tragic plane crash. My thoughts go out to the bereaved and to the entire Polish people".[59]

Minister of Foreign Affairs Lene Espersen has also condolences to his Polish colleague. "President Kaczynski will be remembered as a significant and respected politician, both as a participant in the Polish struggle for freedom against communism and served as president of the Polish people", she said.[60]

Also the Danish royal couple has responded to the disaster. Queen Margrethe and Prince Henrik have sent their condolences to the Polish parliament.

 Ecuador Vice-President Lenin Moreno expressed his condolences: "In the name of my government and country Ecuador, I wish to express my deepest sympathy, and my sincere condolences, to the government and people of Poland."[61]
 Estonia President Toomas Hendrik Ilves expressed his condolences: "News of the tragic loss of the Polish Head of State and one of Estonia’s closest friends brings emptiness to my heart and at the same time brings back fond memories of our friendship. I recall our phone calls in April 2007, when president Kaczyński supported Estonia during those difficult days, or August 2008 when we flew together to Tbilisi to support the democratically elected government of Georgia and to condemn the aggression towards that country."[62]


 Finland President Tarja Halonen extended her deep condolences on behalf of the people of Finland and on her own behalf to the families of the victims and the people of Poland.[63]
 France President Nicolas Sarkozy paid tribute to Kaczyński in a statement: "a man driven by ardent patriotism, who dedicated his life to his country."[64]
 Georgia The spokesperson for President Mikheil Saakashvili extended deep condolences on behalf of the people of Georgia to the families of the victims and the people of Poland. Kaczyński was posthumously awarded the Order of the National Hero of Georgia and April 11, 2010, was declared a mourning day in Georgia. Kaczynski "will always be remembered as absolutely outstanding figure of Polish history, of European history and certainly of the history of my region," President Saakashvili said.[65][66]
 Germany Chancellor Angela Merkel sent a letter of condolence to Donald Tusk to express her regret.[67] Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle stated: "Kaczyński was a bright and energetic dialogue partner. We grieve with the Polish people. We are losing a character Europe could build upon."[68] According to a journalist, Westerwelle was so moved by the disaster that he had to interrupt his speech to the press on the deaths for a short time.[68]
 Greece Prime minister George Papandreou expressed to the prime minister of Poland via telegram "In these difficult times, the Greek government, and personally me would like to express our condolence to the all the families of those who we lost, and to the nation of Poland as well. We share your bereavement. Our thoughts and our prayers are with you".[69]
 Hungary President László Sólyom offered condolences at the Polish embassy in Budapest.[70] Prime Minister Gordon Bajnai sent a telegram expressing condolences to Prime Minister Donald Tusk and former Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński, the brother of Polish President Lech Kaczyński: "All members of the Hungarian government and the people of Hungary have been deeply saddened learning about this tragedy. The loss is ours even more in the knowledge of the friendship Hungary has nourished with Poland".[71] Leader of the opposition and former Prime Minister Viktor Orbán said that Hungary had lost true friends.[72]
 Iceland President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson sent, on behalf of the Icelandic people his deepest sympathies: "At this time of sorrow our thoughts are with the families and relatives of those who died as with all Poles, especially those who have shared their resources with the people of Iceland for many years".[73]
 India President of India Pratibha Patil condoled the death of Polish President Lech Kaczynski and others in a plane crash and said in his loss India had lost a friend who was committed to strengthen bilateral relations between two countries. In her condolence message to Marshall Speaker of the Sejm (Upper House) Bronislaw Komorowski, the President said, "I am deeply shocked and saddened by the news of the death of President Lech Kaczynski, Madam Kaczynski and others in a plane crash today.

"I warmly recall my meeting with President Kaczynski during my visit to Poland in April last year. President Kaczynski was a true friend of India and was personally committed to strengthening bilateral relations between our two countries."

At this sad moment, India shares Poland's grief, the message said.[74]

 Indonesia President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono has expressed condolences over the Polish President's death.[75]
 Iran Iranian Foreign Ministry Spokesman Ramin Mehmanparast expressed his condolences on Saturday over the heartfelt incident and extended sympathy to the bereaved families[76].
 Ireland President Mary McAleese extended her "heartfelt sympathy and that of the Irish people".[77]

Taoiseach Brian Cowen: "On my own behalf, and on behalf of my Government, I wish to extend our sincere condolences to the Polish Government and the people of Poland for their huge loss arising from this terrible tragedy. Our thoughts and prayers are with them at very sad and difficult time" [78]

 Israel President Shimon Peres sent a letter of condolence to the Polish people saying that "Israel is shocked by the grave disaster and bemoans the loss along with the Polish people and the entire world. The announcement that the Polish President, his wife, and dozens of top Polish officials died in the crash struck us with pain, shock and disbelief, Israel bows its head in sorrow and shares in your loss and grief."[79] Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman extended condolences and said that Kaczyński was a true friend of Israel.[52]
 Italy Prime minister Silvio Berlusconi said: "It is a grave loss that has stricken a friendly country and in which I am sharing in with my heart.".[80]

President Giorgio Napolitano said: "I wish to express on the behalf of myself and the Italian people our most sincere sympathies to the bereaved."[81]

 Japan Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama sent a telegram and expressed his deepest condolences to Bronislaw Komorowski and the Polish people.[82]
 Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev expressed his condolences.[83] Foreign Minister Kanat Saudabayev also expressed his condolences.[84]
 Kenya President Mwai Kibaki has sent a letter of condolence.[85]
 Kosovo President Fatmir Sejdiu expressed "deep grief" on behalf of himself and "the people and institutions of the Republic of Kosovo."[86]
 Latvia President Valdis Zatlers has written to Bronislaw Komorowski, president of the Polish Parliament, to express his deepest condolences. The President was writing on behalf of himself, Mrs Lilita Zatlere, and the people of Latvia.[87]

Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis and Foreign Minister Maris Riekstins on behalf of the Government of the Republic of Latvia have sent condolence letters.[88]

 Lithuania Lithuania is preparing for official day of mourning for the death of the President of Poland.[89]
 Luxembourg "In these dramatic and painful moments, allow me to express my deepest sympathy and to join, on behalf of the Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and on my own behalf to the mourning of the Polish people", said Prime minister of Luxembourg Jean-Claude Juncker.[90]
 North Macedonia President Gjorge Ivanov sent a telegram with deepest condolences and states that this tragedy is a big loss for both the Macedonian and Polish people.[91] The Macedonian minister for Foreign Affairs stated that "Macedonia shares the pain with the Polish people"[92] In the main Catholic church "Holy Hearth of Jesus" in Skopje has held a special mass in memory of the president, where a large number of the Macedonian politicians attended. [93]
 Maldives President Mohamed Nasheed sends condolences to the Acting President of Poland.[94]
 Malta President George Abela and Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi expressed their condolences. President Abela said that President Kaczynski was a very respected Head of State and one of the architects of modern Polish history. He will be sorely missed. Also the two main political parties, Partit Laburista and Partit Nazzjonalista, issued messages of condolences.[95]
 New Zealand Acting Prime Minister Bill English offered his condolences. Acting Prime Minister Bill English said that it was a tragic event and the New Zealand Government had sent a message of condolence to the Polish Government and the people of Poland[96]
 Netherlands Demissionary Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende was shocked and horrified and said it was "a black day for Poland".[97]
 Norway Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg said: "It is with sadness I have received the message of the tragic demise of Poland's President Lech Kaczynski. My thoughts go to the Polish people and to all of those who have lost loved ones in this tragic accident." He also noted that Norway and Poland have close cooperative ties in NATO and in the EU through EEA.[98]

King Harald V of Norway sent a telegram to the Polish National Assembly, which stated: "I was shocked and saddened by the news of the terrible plane-accident today that caused the death of your president HE Lech Kaczynski, his wife, and so many persons from Poland’s public life and other citizens of Poland. On behalf of myself and the Norwegian people, I wish to convey to you and to the people of Poland my heartfelt sympathy and deepest condolences."[99]

 Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari expressed his deep grief and shock over the tragic death of Polish President Lech Kaczynski and his wife. The President in a message to the Polish government and the Polish people said he was shocked to know about the crash of President Kaczynski’s plane, while landing in the western Russian city of Smolensk. The President expressed his grief over the death of President’s wife and others who lost their lives in the crash.[100]
 Peru Peruvian Minister of Foreign Affairs José García Belaúnde expressed condolences to the Polish people after the fatal crash: “We are very impressed with the death of president Kaczynski and express our solidarity and affection for this outstanding jurist and figure of the Polish democracy". The minister also said flags in public buildings will be flown at half-mast in mourning and that President Alan García has signed a letter expressing grief and solidarity with the Polish people[101]
 Portugal The Portuguese President Aníbal Cavaco Silva said: "Mr Acting President and Chairman of the Sejm, It was with deepest regret that I received, this morning, news of the tragic death of President of the Republic of Poland and his Wife. We had, in recent years, the opportunity to meet several times. I recall in particular the State visit I made to Poland, at his invitation, in September 2008 and the warm and friendly way that myself and my wife were welcomed by the presidential couple. We knew about his commitment to the visit to Portugal that would take place in May, together with his Wife, that we waited with much anticipation. I recall President Kaczynski as a personality who has made a major contribution to consolidating democracy and the rule of law in his country and for the construction of the modern Poland, integrated in the European Union. In this difficult time, I want to express to the authorities, the people of Poland and to the bereaved family, on my behalf and on behalf of the Portuguese, the feelings of our deepest sympathy."[102] In an address to the Portuguese media, President Silva also express his sorrow and reminded that the Polish President was set to visit Portugal in May of 2010. He also mentioned that President Lech Kaczyński was a great man and did everything he could to make Poland a better country.[103]
 Romania The Romanian President, Traian Băsescu, stated that he had "received the news of the tragedy with profound sadness [...]". He also added that "in this moment of deep pain, the Romanian people [...] joins the Polish nation in mourning".[104]

The Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that it "expresses its deep regret about the aviation disaster in which President Lech Kaczynski lost his life, together with other Polish public figures. In this tragic moment, we convey our condolences and solidarity with the bereaved families and the entire Polish people."[105]

 Serbia Serbian President Boris Tadić expressed his deepest condolences in the name of the Serbian people saying that "The tragedy that occurred, in which President Lech Kaczyński and other state officials lost their lives, has effected us deeply" adding that Kaczyński was a true friend of Serbia and that he would never be forgotten.[106] Prime Minister Mirko Cvetković, President of the National Assembly Slavica Đukić Dejanović and Minister of Internal Affairs Ivica Dačić also expressed their condolences.[107]
 Singapore President S R Nathan and Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong have sent condolences to Polish leaders to convey their sympathies to the government and people of Poland over the tragic death of Polish President Lech Kaczynski, his wife Maria, and many others who were killed in a plane crash earlier on Saturday. President Nathan wrote to Polish Marshal of Parliament Bronislaw Komorowski, saying he was 'deeply shocked' over the 'unexpected tragedy'. 'Our hearts go out to all the families of the bereaved and the people of Poland as you mourn their loss,' he said in his condolence letter. Separately, PM Lee wrote to Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk to convey Singapore's deepest condolences. 'Our thoughts are with your people, especially those who lost their families and loved ones, during this sorrowful time,' said Mr Lee.[108]
 Slovakia President Ivan Gašparovič expressed his condolences and said that "It's shocking and beyond belief. We were personal friends with Mr. President. I still do not believe that it happened".[109]
 Slovenia President Danilo Türk was deeply shocked and saddened by the news of Polish President Lech Kaczyński's death in plane crash.[110] Prime Minister Borut Pahor has expressed his condolences to Poland at the death of their President.[111]
 South Ossetia South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity has sent a telegram to Bronisław Komorowski, saying "I express my deepest condolences to the families and friends of the victims, and the entire Polish people."[112]
 Spain Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero expressed in a telegram his condolences and described the death of the Polish president as an irreparable loss.[113]
 Sweden Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt expressed his condolences in an official statement.[114]
 Syria President Bashar al-Assad have sent condolences to the Speaker of the Lower House of the Polish Parliament.[115]
 Switzerland Federal Councillor Micheline Calmy-Rey expressed her condolences in an official statement.[116]
 Republic of China (Taiwan) The Economic and Cultural Office Taipei, Republic Of China (Taiwan) in Poland sents the condolecence to Polish people on behalf of the President Ma Ying-jeou, Vice President Vincent Siew, Premier Wu Den-yih and the Foreign Minister Timothy Yang.[117]
 Turkey President Abdullah Gül sent a letter of condolence to the Acting President Bronisław Komorowski saying that he "deeply regrets having to lose dear friend President Lech Kaczynski and his honorable spouse Maria Kaczynski, together with the high-level Polish officials. Mr. Kaczynski's absence will be felt all the time, the Turkish people remember him with love, respect and the fostering of our country. We share this great pain of our friends and allies of Poland in our hearts."[118] Prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan expressed condolences to the people of Poland and Russian Federation and he said that "We hope that was an accident. I want to express my condolences in the name of myself and in the name of the Turkish nation".[119]
 Ukraine President Viktor Yanukovych expressed his condolences.[52]
 United Kingdom Queen Elizabeth II has sent her "deepest sympathy" to the Polish people.[120] Prime Minister Gordon Brown said the "whole world would be saddened" by the death of Kaczyński.[121]
 United States President Barack Obama called the death of Kaczynski and other senior government officials "devastating to Poland, to the United States, and to the world" and said that "Today, there are heavy hearts across America. The United States cherishes its deep and abiding bonds with the people of Poland. Those bonds are represented in the strength of our alliance, the friendships among our people, and the extraordinary contributions of Polish-Americans who have helped to shape our nation." in a statement released by the White House.[122]
 Vatican City In a telegram sent by the Secretary of State of the Holy See Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone to Bronisław Komorowski (Acting President of the Republic of Poland) Pope Benedict XVI expressed his sadness and solidarity with the Polish people.[123]

International organizations

Organisation Response
 European Union European Parliament

Jerzy Buzek of Poland, the President of the European Parliament, expressed his condolences.

European Commission

José Manuel Barroso of Portugal, the President of the European Commission said: "I express my deep condolences to Poland for the passing away of President Kaczyński, his wife and all those with them under such tragic circumstances on their way to mark the 70th anniversary commemoration of the Katyn massacres. I have worked very closely with President Kaczyński, in a spirit of loyalty, and I respected in him a very determined Polish patriot who at the same time was very committed to our European Union and to the values of freedom and solidarity. The European Commission joins me in this moment in the expression of sympathy and tribute."[124]

The High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Catherine Ashton of the United Kingdom expressed her condolences to Polish Foreign Minister Radosław Sikorski. She told Sikorski: "I would like to send my heartfelt condolences to the people of Poland and express our solidarity with you at this very difficult and sad time. In particular, I want to express my sympathies to the family and friends of those who died."[125]

European Council

Herman Van Rompuy, the President of the European Council, said: "I am deeply upset by the news of the death of President Lech Kaczyński, his spouse and several senior Polish officials and representatives in a plane accident this morning. I knew President Kaczyński personally from several meetings in the European Council and in Warsaw and am saddened by his death. Poland lost a great patriot and head of state. His political commitment was to serve the Polish people." He added: "I want to express my heartfelt condolences to the families of the president and of the other victims, to Prime Minister Tusk and to the Polish people. I wish to convey to them the support of the European Union in these extremely painful circumstances."[126]

European Central Bank

Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank expressed his "sincerest condolences to the families of all the victims of this terrible accident" on behalf of the ECB’s General Council, the ECB’s Executive Board and in his personal capacity. He said his thoughts are with the people of Poland. He added: "The General Council of the ECB deeply regrets the loss of its highly esteemed member, Mr Sławomir Skrzypek, President of Narodowy Bank Polski. We will remember Sławomir as a good friend and a dedicated professional, who made valuable contributions to the work of the General Council.”[127]

International Monetary Fund International Monetary Fund IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn issued statement in which he states that he is shocked and saddened byt this terrible news and that IMF thoughts and deepest condolences are with the people of Poland [128]
INTERPOL Interpol INTERPOL Secretary General Ronald K. Noble expressed his condolences to people of Poland on behalf of the world police community [129]
NATO NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen extended his condolences: "On behalf of all of NATO, and myself personally, I express my most profound condolences to the people of Poland, and to the families of President and Mrs Kaczynski and all those who have died in this terrible accident. This is a tragedy for them and for Poland. My thoughts are with them today."[64]
UEA UEA General secretary of the World Esperanto Association Osmo Buller expressed his condolences [130]
 United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon was shocked and extended his deep and heartfelt condolences to the people of Poland and the families of those who perished. Ban said President Kaczyński had served his country and people with distinction and conviction. He called the fact that he was en route to an event marking a new level of reconciliation between Poland and Russia particularly poignant.[131]
OECD Secretary General of OECD José Ángel Gurría expressed his condolences [132]
OSCE OSCE Chairperson-in-Office expressed his condolences [133]
FIFA FIFA President Joseph S. Blatter expressed his sadness and said "On behalf of the worldwide football family, I have extended my condolences and deepest sympathy to the Prime Minister of Poland, the President of the Polish Football Federation, the Secretary General of the Polish Olympic Committee at this harrowing time, and wish them strength and fortitude for the challenging days that lie ahead." The flag of Poland as well as the flags of FIFA and UEFA have been lowered to half-mast at the home of FIFA.[134]
UEFA UEFA president Michel Platini has expressed his sadness at the death of Poland's president Lech Kaczyński and Polish government officials. Mr Platini said: "I was shocked and saddened to hear of the tragic accident. I wish to express my support at this difficult time to our football partners the Polish Football Federation and its president Grzegorz Lato, with whom we are preparing the organisation of UEFA Euro 2012 together with the Polish government." [135]

See also

References

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External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash.
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