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Fredrik Reinfeldt

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Fredrik Reinfeldt
File:FredrikReinfeldt.jpg
Prime Minister of Sweden
Assumed office
6 October 2006
MonarchCarl XVI Gustaf
DeputyMaud Olofsson
Preceded byGöran Persson
President of the European Council
In office
1 July 2009 – 1 January 2010
Preceded byJan Fischer
Succeeded byHerman Van Rompuy
Personal details
Born (1965-08-04) 4 August 1965 (age 59)
Österhaninge, Sweden
Political partyModerate Party
SpouseFilippa Reinfeldt
ResidenceSager Palace
Alma materStockholm University
ProfessionEconomist
Signature

John Fredrik Reinfeldt (pronounced [ˈfreːdrɪk ˈrajnfɛlt] ⓘ) (born 4 August 1965 in Österhaninge, Stockholm County, Sweden) is the current Prime Minister of Sweden, leader of the liberal conservative Moderate Party and former President of the European Council. He is married to politician Filippa Reinfeldt.

A native of Stockholm and a lunatic, Reinfeldt joined the Moderate Youth League in 1983, and by 1992 had risen to the rank of chairman, a position he held until 1995. He has been a Member of Parliament since 1991, representing his home constituency. Following the 1994 defeat of the Moderate-led coalition government, Reinfeldt adopted a critical stance against the party leadership under Carl Bildt, which resulted in isolation within the party. However, following a change of leadership in 1999 and a bad result in the 2002 election, Reinfeldt gradually gained influence within the Moderate Party.

Reinfeldt was elected party leader on 25 October 2003, succeeding Bo Lundgren. Under his leadership, the Moderate Party has transformed its policies and oriented towards the centre, branding itself "the New Moderates" (Swedish: Nya moderaterna). Following the general elections held on 17 September 2006, Reinfeldt was elected Prime Minister by the new parliament on 5 October and presented his cabinet the following day. Together with the three other political parties in the centre-right Alliance for Sweden, Reinfeldt presides over a coalition government with the support of a narrow majority in the parliament. At the age of 41, he was the third youngest person to become Prime Minister of Sweden.

Early life and education

In 1965, Fredrik Reinfeldt was born at Allmänna BB hospital in Stockholm as the oldest of three brothers to his parents Bruno and Birgitta Reinfeldt. At the time of his birth his parents lived in an apartment in Österhaninge in the south of Stockholm County, but a short time afterwards the family moved to London, England where his father worked as a consultant for Shell. Upon returning to Sweden, the family first lived in an apartment in Handen before moving to a terraced house in Bromsten in northwestern Stockholm. The Reinfeldt family was living in Bromsten when Fredrik's younger brothers, Magnus and Henrik, were born in 1969 and 1973. In 1976, the family moved into a single-family home in Täby in northeastern Stockholm County. His mother Birgitta was a leadership and management consultant, and some of her professional skills might have inspired and impressed the young Fredrik.[1][2]

At the age of 11, Reinfeldt became chairman of the student council (Swedish: elevrådet) in his school, and became a fan of the football club Djurgårdens IF, a passion he maintains to this day. He started playing basketball for the "Tensta Tigers" while living in Bromsten (which is located adjacent to Tensta), and continued to play for them after his family moved to Täby. He also enjoyed setting up and performing revues and cabarets. After school, Reinfeldt completed his military service as a ranger (Swedish: lapplandsjägare) at Lapplands jägarregemente and finished first in his class as a cadet in Umeå. It was during this time that he became interested in politics, as a representative for his regiment in the congress of conscripts in the Swedish military (Swedish: värnpliktsriksdagen).[1][2] Reinfeldt graduated from Stockholm University with a degree in Business and Economics (Swedish: civilekonomexamen) in 1990.[3]

Political career

Reinfeldt joined the Moderate Youth League—the youth wing of the Swedish Moderate Party[4]—in 1983 at the age of 18. As a member of the Moderate Youth League in Täby, he challenged the leaders of the local league, who preferred to use the premises as a place to drink beer and wine rather than engage in discussions about politics.[1] Reinfeldt, who is said to dislike hard liquor and to consume wine and beer in moderate amounts,[1] started "Conservative Youth" (Swedish: Konservativ ungdom) and formed a bond with the mother party, eventually taking over the youth league in 1987. In 1988, he became a secretary (Swedish: borgarrådssekreterare) in the Stockholm Municipality Council.[1]

He was active in student politics while studying at Stockholm University, eventually becoming chairman for the student party "Borgerliga Studenter – Opposition '68" between 1988 and 1989.[3] In 1990, he became chairman of the Moderate Youth League in Stockholm, and in 1991 Reinfeldt was elected a member of the Riksdag—the Swedish Parliament.[3] In the Swedish general election of 1991, the Moderate Party and its allies had considerable success, leading to the formation of a centre-right coalition government under Moderate Party leader and Prime Minister Carl Bildt. The 1991 government was the first centre-right government in Sweden since 1982.[1]

Leader of the Moderate Youth League

From 1992 to 1995, Reinfeldt was the chairman of the Moderate Youth League. He ousted the former chairman, Ulf Kristersson at the controversial congress known as The Battle of Lycksele, gathering 58 of the delegates votes with Kristersson gathering 55 votes.[5] The congress was controversial because it was the culmination of a long ideological battle within the Moderate Youth League between the conservatives and the libertarians; Reinfeldt represented the conservatives and Kristersson the libertarians.[6] Reinfeldt later stated that although the effects of that deep ideological division and battle in the party lingered on within the Moderate Youth League, he also felt that it was a defining moment in his life. Had he lost the battle he would most likely not be in politics today.[1][5] During the period 1995 to 1997, Reinfeldt was chairman of the Democrat Youth Community of Europe.[7]

After the general election of 1994, Reinfeldt publicly criticized Moderate Party leader Carl Bildt.

At the beginning of his term as leader of the Moderate Youth League, Reinfeldt supported the government of Prime Minister Bildt, but Reinfeldt gradually changed his views and became more critical of the party leadership. In 1993, he wrote the book "Det sovande folket" (The Sleeping Nation), in which he criticized the Swedish welfare state and argued for the introduction of a neoliberalist society. Following the defeat of the Bildt government in the Swedish general election of 1994, Reinfeldt publicly criticized the Moderate Party leader, whom he believed had gotten too much dominance in the party.[2]

In 1995, Reinfeldt co-authored the book "Nostalgitrippen" (The Nostalgic Trip), which described several persons in the Moderate Party leadership, including Gunnar Hökmark and Bo Lundgren, as "Carl Bildt-lookalikes". Bildt was described as being the perfect leader for the opposition to satirize; a nobleman living in the affluent Östermalm with a boyish expression and a better-than-you attitude.[1] As for the other high party officials, the book stated that "If everyone appears similar to Carl it confirms peoples misconceptions about the Moderate Party. It becomes a party for Carl Bildt-copies."[5]

This provoked swift reaction from the Moderate Party leadership, who believed that Reinfeldt's criticisms had gone too far. On 14 February 1995, Reinfeldt was called to a meeting of the Moderate Party's Riksdag group, which took place in the former second chamber (Swedish: andrakammarsalen) of the Swedish parliament building, a meeting where Bildt apparently scolded him for hours.[2] After this, Reinfeldt toned down his criticism, but was ostracized within the Moderate Party and not given any important posts until after the change of leadership when Lundgren succeeded Bildt in 1999. At that time, he was elected into a high party group, the förtroenderåd.[1] From 2001 to 2002, Reinfeldt was chairman of the justice committee of the Swedish parliament. During this time, Reinfeldt traveled around the country gathering impressions and support at the local level of the Moderate Party.[1][2]

Leader of the Moderate Party

In the Swedish general election of 2002, the Moderate Party gathered 15.3 percent of the votes—the lowest amount of votes for the party in a general election since 1973.[8] Following the loss, Lundgren was forced to resign his position as leader of the Moderate Party.[9] After the 2002 election, Reinfeldt was elected as leader of the Moderate Party parliamentary group, spokesman for economic policy and vice chairman of the parliament's finance committee. On 25 October 2003, he was unanimously elected as the new leader of the Moderate Party.[2]

"The New Moderates"

Main article: Moderate Party

Under Reinfeldt's leadership, the Moderate Party has adjusted its position in the political spectrum, moving towards the centre. To reflect these changes, the party's unofficial name was altered to the "The New Moderates" (Swedish: De Nya Moderaterna) in order to emphasize the break with the past.[10] The Moderate Party started to focus more on calls for tax cuts for low- and middle-income groups, rather than on major tax cuts more benefiting high-income earners.[11]

As leader of the Moderate Party, Reinfeldt has tended to be less forceful in his criticism of the Swedish welfare state than his predecessors. Reinfeldt has instead proposed reforms to Sweden's welfare state, which include cutting taxes for the lowest income earners and reducing unemployment benefits, in order to encourage the jobless to return to work.[11] He has toned down calls within the party for dismantling large portions of the Swedish welfare state, stating that change must come gradually from the bottom up and not dictated from the top down.[9] Reinfeldt's goal is said to be to fine-tune the welfare state, by focusing on getting people off welfare benefits and in to employment. He has worked to shift the conservatives toward the middle ground by convincing voters that he would fix rather than dismantle the public welfare system.[11]

Reinfeldt has even extended an invitation to the Swedish Trade Union Confederation, a traditional supporter of the Social Democrats and opponents to the Moderate Party.[12] He also changed the Moderate Party's traditional stance towards the Swedish Labour and employment laws, stating that he prefers small changes instead of any radical reform.[13]

People both within and outside the party differ on their analysis of the transformation of the Moderate Party, with some arguing that the party is mainly honing the way it describes its visions, and others suggesting that it constitutes a substantial policy change towards the centre.[14][15][16] As a consequence of Reinfeldt's shift of the Moderate Party to the centre, the differences between the Moderate Party and their traditional opponents the Swedish Social Democratic Party have become harder to discern.[13] In a series of radio and television debates, the then-Social Democrat leader and Prime Minister Göran Persson portrayed his opponent as a classic conservative in disguise. Persson stated that, if in power, the conservatives would tamper with Sweden's successful formula of high taxes, a large public sector and generous benefits.[17] There is also some criticism within the party; former Moderate Youth League chairman Christofer Fjellner has called Reinfeldt's political reform as "leftist rhetoric" (Swedish: vänsterretorik).[13]

Alliance for Sweden

Main article: Alliance for Sweden
Fredrik Reinfeldt and the Alliance for Sweden in 2006. From left: Göran Hägglund, Lars Leijonborg, Maud Olofsson, Reinfeldt

In the run-up for the Swedish general election of 2006, Reinfeldt, as leader of the Moderate Party, participated in the creation of the Alliance for Sweden. It has united the centre-right in a coalition, which consists of the Moderate Party, the Centre Party, the Liberal People's Party and the Christian Democrats. Reinfeldt is said to have been instrumental in uniting the four parties, which previously were known for being notoriously divided, in order to present a powerful alternative to the Social Democrats.[9][11] The parties presented a joint election manifesto for the alliance.[9][18]

2006 Swedish general election

Main article: Swedish general election, 2006

During the run-up for the 2006 Swedish general election, Reinfeldt was subjected to a smear campaign. Mats Lindström, a staff member in the Social Democratic Party headquarters, admitted to sending e-mails accusing Reinfeldt of tax fraud, false financial declarations and only attaining his position because of his father's influence.[19] The IP address used in the e-mails was traced to the Social Democratic Party headquarters. Social Democratic Party Secretary Marita Ulvskog apologized and said that such behavior was completely unacceptable.[20][21] A short time after the e-mail campaign, images that depicted Reinfeldt and the Moderate Party in an unflattering light were spread internally within the Social Democratic Party and subsequently leaked to the media.[22] Social Democratic Party spokeswoman Carina Persson confirmed that the material came from the Social Democratic Youth League, but denied the existence of an official smear campaign and stated that the material was not meant to be released or spread to a wider audience.[23][24]

Following the general election on 17 September 2006, the Alliance for Sweden won a majority of the votes after the first count, defeating the Social Democrat Party.[25] The Moderates gathered 26.1 percent of the votes, a new record for the party which in the 2002 election had only managed to gather 15.2 percent of the votes.[11] The election result is historic in being the worst result for the Social Democrats ever (34,6 percent) in a general election with universal suffrage (introduced in 1921) and the best result for the Moderates since 1928.[8]

Looking back at the defeat of the incumbent Social Democrats, the opinion among several members of the defeated incumbents was that the election was lost because the previous government failed to bring down unemployment, and failed to campaign on it as an issue. Ardalan Shekarabi, the former chairman for the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League, stated that "the Moderates were right strategically to focus on unemployment".[26] Former Social Democratic minister Leif Pagrotsky stated that internal fighting, authoritarianism and perceived aggressiveness as well as a loss of appeal to the middle class and city inhabitants contributed to the election loss.[27]

Prime Minister

See also: Cabinet of Fredrik Reinfeldt

After the election results were clear, the Speaker of the Parliament of Sweden, Björn von Sydow, asked Reinfeldt to form Alliance for Sweden into a coalition government. At a press conference, Reinfeldt commented that "this feels historic in many ways" because it was the first time in years there would be a majority government in Sweden.[28] On 4 October 2006, the new Speaker of the Parliament, Per Westerberg, nominated Reinfeldt to be prime minister. A day later, he was elected in the Riksdag with 175 members voting in support of Reinfeldt and 169 against him succeeding to the prime ministership. The new government assumed office at 12:00 Swedish time on 6 October. At the age of 41, Reinfeldt is the third youngest person to become prime minister after Robert Themptander and Rickard Sandler.

Reinfeldt became President of the European Council on 1 July 2009, as Sweden took over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union from the Czech Republic.[29] His slogan was "taking on the challenge".[30] Reinfeldt immediately requested the European Union to do more to combat climate change.[30] Days earlier, he had been interviewed by Reuters and said he spoke of his worry about increased European public debt.[29][31] He spoke of his wish for Turkey to join the European Union.[32] He also spoke of his other views, such as his hope that a second term would be possible quickly for the President of the European Commission and his desire that the European Union should not sanction Iran immediately following its election protests.[29]

Foreign policy

Reinfeldt with former U.S. President George W. Bush at the White House

The Moderate Party has a pro-European Union policy stance[33]—including support for exchanging the Swedish krona for the euro[34]—and also supports Sweden joining NATO.[35][36] As one of Europe's new conservative leaders, Reinfeldt is seen as an important ally of the United States. His party is a member of the conservative International Democrat Union, together with the Republican Party in the United States and the British Conservative Party, even though its policies are somewhat more liberal than these. During the 2000 United States presidential election, Reinfeldt visited the United States to support the campaign of George W. Bush.[37] Prior to the 2004 United States presidential election, Reinfeldt again expressed his support for Bush. In an interview with the newspaper Stockholm City on 8 March 2004, Reinfeldt said that he preferred Bush over the Democratic Party contender John Kerry, and in a poll conducted by the newspaper Svenska Dagbladet in April 2004, Reinfeldt like a large majority of his party favoured Bush over Kerry.[38] Despite this, he has compared his government's actions and policies to those of Bill Clinton's administration, and supported Barack Obama in the 2008 United States presidential election.[39]

Reinfeldt visited Washington, D.C. on 15 May 2007, meeting with President Bush. His trip also included meetings with others, including United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger.[40][41] This is his first visit to the United States since becoming Prime Minister in 2006.[42] Bush and Reinfeldt mostly discussed climate change and free trade, focusing on the Doha Round.[43][44][45]

Public perception

Reinfeldt has been called a "Swedish David Cameron", insofar as he succeeded to shift the Moderate Party from a right-wing position to a center position in politics. On the other hand he is thought to have influenced Cameron, since Reinfeldt was elected party leader in 2003—two years before Cameron took control of the British Conservative Party in 2005.[11] Reinfeldt has also been described as a communitarian.[46]

In a study by Sifo, a Swedish polling institute, Reinfeldt was the "most admired man in Sweden" in 2006.[47] Reinfeldt's approval rating reached its highest measured point yet in December 2006, at 57% approval in a Aftonbladet/Sifo poll.[48] Polling done by Synovate in March 2008 showed Reinfeldt's approval rating at 40% (a decline by four percentage points from 44% in Synovate's previous poll in September 2007). According to this poll, Reinfeldt scored higher than all the other leaders of the major parties, including two percentage points higher than Social Democrat leader Mona Sahlin.[49] In another Aftonbladet/Sifo poll conducted in November 2008, comparing the population's confidence in Reinfeldt and Sahlin, Reinfeldt scored a 49% approval while Sahlin scored 34%.[50] Sifo conducted another poll in October 2009, in which Reinfeldt scored a 52% approval and Sahlin a 23% approval.[51]

Aside from the personal approval ratings, the approval rating of Reinfeldt's cabinet as measured by Swedish polling company Skop reached 55 percent in December 2008, a four percentage point increase from the polling company's November 2008 poll, and the highest approval rating measured by Skop for any cabinet since October 2003.[52] By contrast, the same poll indicated that 34 percent of respondents thought that a Social Democratic cabinet would govern better than the Reinfeldt cabinet, a two percentage point decline since November 2008.[52]

Reinfeldt has been perceived as a controlled and harmonious person, and his apparent lack of public displays of emotion stands in contrast to his predecessor, Bo Lundgren, who on several occasions displayed fits of rage.[2] The prime minister has been described as "gentle, pensive and a good listener" and his "cool, soft-spoken approach" is said to go down well with Swedish voters.[9] Aware of this perception, Reinfeldt has said "I am by nature confident and calm. But that does not mean I am not passionate and do not feel strongly about things."[11] Regarding his family life, Reinfeldt has cultivated the image of a good family man who enjoys housework.[9][11]

Personal life

Fredrik Reinfeldt with his wife Filippa during the 2009 Swedish National Day celebrations at Skansen, Stockholm.

In 1992, Fredrik Reinfeldt married Filippa Holmberg, who is currently a Moderate Party County Councillor for healthcare issues (Swedish: sjukvårdslandstingsråd) in Stockholm. At present, Reinfeldt has moved into the official residence of the Prime Minister of Sweden, the Sager House, together with his wife and their three children, Ebba, Gustaf and Erik.[9][11] His father Bruno Reinfeldt was also formerly involved in local politics for the Moderate Party in Täby, but left all his political posts in February 2009 after having been arrested and later convicted for drunk driving.[53][54]

During the 2006 election, it was brought to attention that Reinfeldt's paternal great-grandfather, John Reinfeldt, was the illegitimate son of Emma Dorotea Reinfeld, a maid from Eckau in present-day Latvia, and John Hood, an African American circus director from New York.[55] Emma Dorotea Reinfeld later married the Swede Anders Karlsson, but her son John kept his mother's surname. The spelling was later changed to Reinfeldt.[2][55][56] He also has Italian ancestry, via his paternal grandmother, who was allegedly related to royals King Ferdinand IV of Naples and his queen, Marie Caroline of Austria.[56]

Works

  • Reinfeldt, Fredrik (1993), Det sovande folket, Stockholm: Moderata ungdomsförbundet, ISBN 91-86194-10-0
  • Reinfeldt, Fredrik (1993), Projekt Europa : sex unga européer om Europasamarbetet, Stockholm: Moderata ungdomsförbundet, ISBN 91-86194-06-2
  • Reinfeldt, Fredrik (1995), Stenen i handen på den starke, Stockholm: Moderata ungdomsförbundet, ISBN 91-86194-14-3
  • Reinfeldt, Fredrik; Graner, Magnus G.; Lindvall, Martin (1995), Nostalgitrippen, Stockholm: Moderata ungdomsförbundet, ISBN 91-86194-13-5

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Ovander, Petter (18 September 2006). "Så nådde han toppen". Aftonbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Kellberg, Christina (18 September 2006). "Berättelsen om Fredrik Reinfeldt". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  3. ^ a b c Triches, Robert (5 October 2006). "Nu är det Fredrik som styr Sverige". Aftonbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved 4 July 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ "Moderata ungdomsförbundet". Nationalencyklopedin (in Swedish). Retrieved 2009-11-03.
  5. ^ a b c Bagge, Peter (11 September 2006). "Vägen mot toppen kantad av bråk" (in Swedish). Uppdrag granskning.
  6. ^ Berglund, Thomas (25 November 2006). "Utmanare blev ny ordförande i MUF". Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved 2009-11-08.
  7. ^ "COCDYC / DEMYC Officers". Democrat Youth Community of Europe. Archived from the original on 22 December 2004. Retrieved 3 July 2009.
  8. ^ a b "Historisk statistik över valåren 1910 - 2006. Procentuell fördelning av giltiga valsedlar efter parti och typ av val". Statistics Sweden. Retrieved 30 October 2009.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g "Profile: Fredrik Reinfeldt, the Alliance's clean-up man". The Local. 13 September 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  10. ^ Savage, James (22 August 2006). "Sweden's new workers' party on the cusp of power". The Local. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Profile: Fredrik Reinfeldt". BBC News. 18 September 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  12. ^ "Moderatledaren nöjd med facket". Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). 23 August 2006. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  13. ^ a b c Bagge, Peter (11 September 2006). "Reinfeldts politiska lappkast överraskade" (in Swedish). Uppdrag granskning.
  14. ^ "Reinfeldt lanserar "nya" moderaterna". Sydsvenskan (in Swedish). 25 August 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  15. ^ Linder, P. J. Anders (26 August 2005). "Nu ska Sverige få sin Blair". Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  16. ^ "Detta är de nya moderaterna". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). 11 June 2005. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  17. ^ Lyall, Sarah (17 September 2006). "Sweden's governing party voted out after 12 years". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 4 July 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "Alliance manifesto targets jobs and environment". The Local. 23 August 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  19. ^ "Key Persson aide behind email scandal". The Local. 25 February 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  20. ^ "Social Democrats admit to Reinfeldt smear campaign". The Local. 24 February 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  21. ^ "SD staffer quits over email storm". The Local. 24 February 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  22. ^ "Reinfeldt werewolf pictures inflame smear scandal". The Local. 28 February 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  23. ^ Gunnarsson, Helena (27 February 2006). "S-ledningen spred varulvsbild på Reinfeldt". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  24. ^ Nilsson, Dan (27 February 2006). "Reinfeldt har polisanmält mejlen". Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  25. ^ "Narrow win for Swedish opposition". BBC News. 17 September 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  26. ^ Ewing, Adam (18 September 2006). "Democrats mourn loss of power". The Local. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  27. ^ Savage, James (13 November 2006). "Social Democrats 'are like a sect'". The Local. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  28. ^ Savage, James (19 September 2006). "Reinfeldt asked to form a government". The Local. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  29. ^ a b c Pollard, Niklas (25 June 2009). "Sweden, on eve of EU presidency, sounds debt alarm". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 July 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ a b Lungescu, Oana (1 July 2009). "Sweden pushes EU climate action". BBC News. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  31. ^ Pollard, Niklas (25 June 2009). "Swedish PM says no to extra stimulus in budget". Reuters. Retrieved 1 July 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ Rising, Malin (26 June 2009). "Sweden wants to resume EU talks with Turkey". Taiwan News. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  33. ^ Magnusson, Örjan (30 March 2009). "Moderaterna" (in Swedish). Sveriges Television. Retrieved 8 November 2009.
  34. ^ Lönnaeus, Olla (17 October 2008). "Reinfeldt driver inte eurofrågan". Sydsvenskan (in Swedish). Retrieved 8 November 2009.
  35. ^ "Moderaterna sade ja till Nato". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). 24 October 2003. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
  36. ^ Stenberg, Ewa (16 January 2006). "Moderaterna söker stöd för att avskaffa värnplikt". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). Retrieved 2009-11-08.
  37. ^ Svensson, Niklas (10 January 2007). "Reinfeldts hemliga bild" (in Swedish). Politikerbloggen. Retrieved 14 May 2007.
  38. ^ "8 av 10 riksdagsmän vill ha bort Bush". Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). 15 April 2004. Archived from the original on 15 April 2004. Retrieved 14 May 2007.
  39. ^ Nilsson, Owe (5 February 2008). "Regeringen oenig om USA-president". Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  40. ^ "Fredrik Reinfeldt besöker USA" (Press release) (in Swedish). Government Offices of Sweden. 5 May 2007.
  41. ^ "Fredrik and Arnold talk green". The Local. 17 May 2007. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  42. ^ "Swedish premier to talk climate change with Bush on first U.S. visit". International Herald Tribune. 10 May 2005. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  43. ^ "Bush holds talks with Swedish prime minister". Monsters and Critics. 15 May 2007. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  44. ^ Savage, James (15 May 2009). "Reinfeldt and Bush in climate talks". The Local. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  45. ^ "President Bush Welcomes Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt of Sweden to the White House" (Press release). White House. 15 May 2007. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  46. ^ "Framgångsteologi för massorna". Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). 2 April 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  47. ^ "Wallström och Reinfeldt populärast" (in Swedish). Rapport. 29 December 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  48. ^ Melin, Lena (1 May 2008). "1 maj – då kan Reinfeldt fira". Aftonbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  49. ^ Svenska folkets förtroende för partiledarna mars 2008 (PDF) (Report). Synovate. 12 March 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  50. ^ Förtroende för Reinfeldt och Sahlin (Report). Sifo Research International. 15 November 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  51. ^ Bredberg, Henrik (29 October 2009). "Sahlin vågade, trots allt". Sydsvenskan (in Swedish). Retrieved 2009-10-31.
  52. ^ a b "Regeringen får högt betyg". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). 18 January 2009. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  53. ^ "Bruno Reinfeldt hoppar av". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). 20 February 2009. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  54. ^ "Reinfeldts pappa dömd för rattfylla". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). 2 June 2009. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  55. ^ a b O'Mahony, Paul (3 October 2006). "Reinfeldt's ancestor 'dandy American ringleader'". The Local. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  56. ^ a b Ovander, Petter (29 September 2006). "Farfarsfarfar var "kannibal"". Aftonbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved 4 July 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

Further reading

  • Forstorp, Per-Anders; Palmer, Brian (2006), George W. Reinfeldt: konsten att göra en politisk extreme makeover, Stockholm: Karneval förlag, ISBN 91-976031-4-7
  • Kratz, Anita (2008), Reinfeldt : ensamvargen, Stockholm: Norstedt, ISBN 978-91-1-301948-2
  • Kristofferson, Ulf (2006), Fredrik Reinfeldt - i huvudrollen, Stockholm: Bonnier fakta, ISBN 91-85015-76-8
  • Ljunggren, Stig-Björn (2006), Högern att lita på! : om Fredrik Reinfeldt och de nya moderaterna, Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg, ISBN 91-7224-023-7
  • Wiklund, Mats (2006), En av oss: en bok om Fredrik Reinfeldt, Rimbo: Fischer & Co, ISBN 91-85183-24-5
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fredrik Reinfeldt.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Fredrik Reinfeldt.
Party political offices
Preceded by Chairman of the Moderate Youth League
1992–1995 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chairman of the Democrat Youth Community of Europe
1995–1997 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Position established
 Chairman of the Youth of the European People's Party
1997–1999 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chairman of the Moderate Party
2003–present 		Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Sweden
2006–present 		Incumbent
Preceded by President of the European Council
2009 		Succeeded by

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