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List of American supercentenarians

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Scanz851 (talk | contribs) at 16:11, 1 February 2011 (→‎Living American supercentenarians: added ref for Marietta Capizzi). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

There have been over 500 verified supercentenarians from the United States.[1] As of 16 August, there are 22 verified living supercentenarians, along with 11 pending and 31 unverified in the United States, the oldest of whom is Besse Cooper (age 127 years, 356 days). The oldest person ever from the United States was Sarah Knauss, who died in 1999 aged 119 years, 97 days.

Living American supercentenarians

Below is a list of the oldest living people from the United States. Those listed as "verified" have been validated by an international body that specifically deals in longevity research, such as the Gerontology Research Group. Those listed as 'pending' have provided at least one document supporting the claimed age but not the three necessary for validation. Those that are 'unverified' have provided no documents to support the age claimed.

The oldest person on this list is also the oldest living person and the oldest man on the list is also the oldest living man.

  Verified   Pending   Unverified

Rank Name Sex Race Birth date Age as of 16 August State or Country of birth State of residence
1 Besse Cooper[1] F W 26 August 1896 127 years, 356 days  Tennessee Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia
2 Walter Breuning[1] M W 21 September 1896 127 years, 330 days  Minnesota  Montana
3 Dina Manfredini[1] F W 4 April 1897 127 years, 134 days  Italy  Iowa
4 Ella Schuler[1] F W 5 September 1897 126 years, 346 days  Nebraska  Kansas
5 Delma Kollar[1] F W 31 October 1897 126 years, 290 days  Kansas  Oregon
6 Leila Denmark[1] F W 1 February 1898 126 years, 197 days Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia
Annie Leverett F B 30 June 1898 126 years, 47 days Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia
Gertrude Weaver F B 4 July 1898 126 years, 43 days  Arkansas  Arkansas
Carmen Villanueva F H 6 July 1898 126 years, 41 days  Mexico  Texas
7 Mamie Rearden[1] F B 7 September 1898 125 years, 344 days  South Carolina  South Carolina
8 Irma Schmidt[1] F W 7 October 1898 125 years, 314 days  Indiana  Connecticut
9 Ruth Bruce[2] F B 8 October 1898 125 years, 313 days  South Carolina  North Carolina
Hagar Young F B 11 October 1898 125 years, 310 days  Alabama  Alabama
Maggie James[3] F B 10 March 1899 125 years, 159 days  Virginia  Virginia
10 Elsie Thompson[1] F W 5 April 1899 125 years, 133 days  Pennsylvania  Florida
Louisiana Hines F B 13 April 1899 125 years, 125 days  Alabama  Michigan
Jeralean Talley F B 23 May 1899 125 years, 85 days Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia  Michigan
Beryl Kapaun F W 4 June 1899 125 years, 73 days  South Dakota  South Dakota
11 Susannah Jones[1] F B 6 July 1899 125 years, 41 days  Alabama  New York
12 Ruth Anderson[1] F W 24 July 1899 125 years, 23 days  Minnesota  Minnesota
Bernice Madigan[1] F W 24 July 1899 125 years, 23 days  Massachusetts  Massachusetts
Emma Jefferies F B 11 August 1899 125 years, 5 days  Virginia  New York
14 Soledad Mexia[1] F H 13 August 1899 125 years, 3 days  Mexico  California
15 Evelyn Kozak[1] F W 14 August 1899 125 years, 2 days  New York  New York
Naomi Conner F W 30 August 1899 124 years, 352 days  Texas  Texas
16 Meta Ilten[1] F W 7 September 1899 124 years, 344 days  Iowa  Iowa
Ivory Ross-Lambert F B 16 September 1899 124 years, 335 days  Arkansas  Arkansas
Edna New F W 12 October 1899 124 years, 309 days  Massachusetts  Massachusetts
17 Mollye Marcus[1] F W 18 October 1899 124 years, 303 days  Russia[a]  California
Jewell Stehlik F W 25 October 1899 124 years, 296 days  Kansas  Missouri
Emelie Weil F W 20 November 1899 124 years, 270 days  Kentucky  Indiana
Lera Williams F W 9 February 1900 124 years, 189 days  Kentucky  Kentucky
18 Anna Ferris[1] F W 11 February 1900 124 years, 187 days  New York  New York
Ethel Darden F B 17 February 1900 124 years, 181 days  Texas  Illinois
Charlotte Flowers F B 20 February 1900 124 years, 178 days  Florida  Florida
Yvonne de la Tour F ? 22 February 1900 124 years, 176 days ?  California
Anna Henderson F B 5 March 1900 124 years, 164 days  Pennsylvania  Pennsylvania
Mersene Zohos F W 16 March 1900 124 years, 153 days  Greece  Idaho
Louvenia Posey F B 5 April 1900 124 years, 133 days  Texas  Texas
Rose Haddad F W 15 April 1900 124 years, 123 days  Syria[b]  Massachusetts
19 Amelia England[1] F W 15 May 1900 124 years, 93 days  United Kingdom  Massachusetts
20 Antonia Gerena Rivera[1] F H 19 May 1900 124 years, 89 days  Puerto Rico  Florida
21 Frederica Sagor Maas[1] F W 6 July 1900 124 years, 41 days  New York  California
Ruth Hale F W 10 July 1900 124 years, 37 days  Pennsylvania  New Jersey
Maria Rodriguez F H 4 August 1900 124 years, 12 days  Mexico  Texas
Mary Phelps F W 5 August 1900 124 years, 11 days  Pennsylvania  Ohio
22 Beulah Young[1] F W 18 August 1900 123 years, 364 days  Pennsylvania  Pennsylvania
Fern Fentiman F W 30 August 1900 123 years, 352 days  Nebraska  Missouri
Mary Belle McCaleb F W 6 September 1900 123 years, 345 days  Texas  Oklahoma
Blanch Cobb F B 8 September 1900 123 years, 343 days Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia  Florida
Willie Lassiter F B 30 September 1900 123 years, 321 days  North Carolina  Pennsylvania
Lula Gilbert F B 10 October 1900 123 years, 311 days Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia
Mary Will F W 15 October 1900 123 years, 306 days  North Carolina  North Carolina
Anna Stoehr F W 15 October 1900 123 years, 306 days  Iowa  Minnesota
Goldie Steinberg F W 30 October 1900 123 years, 291 days  Moldova[c]  New York
Nettie Whittington F B 31 October 1900 123 years, 290 days  Mississippi  Mississippi
Gertrudis Balsinde F H 17 November 1900 123 years, 273 days  Cuba  Florida
Clara Davis F B 28 November 1900 123 years, 262 days  Texas  Texas
Min Quarenberg F W 10 December 1900 123 years, 250 days  Iowa  South Dakota
Ora Holland F W 24 December 1900 123 years, 236 days  Missouri  Oklahoma
Eddye Williams F B 4 January 1901 123 years, 225 days  Florida  District of Columbia
Opal Thompson F W 13 January 1901 123 years, 216 days  Oklahoma  Alabama
23 Marietta Capizzi [4] F W 29 January 1901 123 years, 200 days  Italy  New York
Frank Buckles M W 1 February 1901 123 years, 197 days  Missouri  West Virginia

a^ Marcus was born in a part of the Russian Empire. It is now in Russia.
b^ Haddad was born in Damascus, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire. It is now in Syria.
c^ Steinberg was born in Kishinev, which was then part of the Russian Empire. It is now in Moldova.

American emigrant supercentenarians

Rank Name Sex Race Birth date Age as of 16 August State of birth Country of residence
Cora Hansen F W 25 March 1899 125 years, 144 days  Minnesota  Canada

American supercentenarians age 112+

There have been 182 verified supercentenarians from the United States that have reached the age of 112 or more.

  Deceased (Verified)   Living (Verified)   Pending   Disputed

Rank Name Sex Race Birth date Death date Age State or Country of birth State of death
1 Sarah Knauss[5] F W 24 September 1880 30 December 1999 119 years, 97 days  Pennsylvania  Pennsylvania
2 Lucy Hannah[5] F B 16 July 1875 21 March 1993 117 years, 248 days  Alabama  Michigan
3 Elizabeth Bolden[5] F B 15 August 1890 11 December 2006 116 years, 118 days  Tennessee  Tennessee
4 Carrie C. White[5] F W 18 November 1874 14 February 1991 116 years, 88 days[6]  Florida  Florida
5 Maggie Barnes[5] F B 6 March 1882 19 January 1998 115 years, 319 days  North Carolina  North Carolina
6 Christian Mortensen[5] M W 16 August 1882 25 April 1998 115 years, 252 days  Denmark  California
7 Edna Parker[7] F W 20 April 1893 26 November 2008 115 years, 220 days  Indiana  Indiana
8 Margaret Skeete[5] F W 27 October 1878 7 May 1994 115 years, 192 days  Texas  Virginia
9 Gertrude Baines[8] F B 6 April 1894 11 September 2009 115 years, 158 days Georgia  California
10 Bettie Wilson[5] F B 13 September 1890 13 February 2006 115 years, 153 days  Mississippi  Mississippi
11 Susie Gibson[5] F W 31 October 1890 16 February 2006 115 years, 108 days  Mississippi  Alabama
12 Maude Farris-Luse[5] F W 21 January 1887 18 March 2002 115 years, 56 days  Michigan  Michigan
13 Mary Bidwell[5] F W 19 May 1881 25 April 1996 114 years, 342 days  Connecticut  Connecticut
14 Mary Josephine Ray[9] F W 17 May 1895 7 March 2010 114 years, 294 days  Canada  New Hampshire
15 Neva Morris[9] F W 3 August 1895 6 April 2010 114 years, 246 days  Iowa  Iowa
16 Mathew Beard[5] M B 9 July 1870 16 February 1985 114 years, 222 days[10]  Virginia  Florida
17 Carrie Lazenby[5] F B 9 February 1882 14 September 1996 114 years, 218 days Georgia  Illinois
18 Myrtle Dorsey[5] F W 22 November 1885 25 June 2000 114 years, 216 days  Ohio  Ohio
19 Eunice Sanborn[1] F W 20 July 1896 31 January 2011 114 years, 195 days  Louisiana  Texas
20 Grace Clawson[5] F W 15 November 1887 28 May 2002 114 years, 194 days  United Kingdom  New York
21 Adelina Domingues[5] F W 19 February 1888 21 August 2002 114 years, 183 days  Cape Verde  California
Wilhelmina Kott[5] F W 7 March 1880 6 September 1994 114 years, 183 days  Illinois  Illinois
23 Charlotte Benkner[5] F W 26 November 1889 14 May 2004 114 years, 180 days  Germany  Ohio
Martha Graham[11] F B December 1844 25 June 1959 114 years, ca. 180 days[12]  Virginia  Virginia
25 Ettie Mae Greene[5] F W 8 September 1877 26 February 1992 114 years, 171 days  West Virginia  West Virginia
26 Besse Cooper[1] F W 26 August 1896 Living 127 years, 356 days  Tennessee Living in Georgia
27 Irene Frank[5] F W 1 October 1881 28 February 1996 114 years, 150 days  Texas  Missouri
28 Olivia Patricia Thomas[8] F W 29 June 1895 16 November 2009 114 years, 140 days  Iowa  New York
29 Walter Breuning[1] M W 21 September 1896 Living 127 years, 330 days  Minnesota Living in  Montana
30 Emma Verona Johnston[5] F W 6 August 1890 1 December 2004 114 years, 117 days  Iowa  Ohio
31 Bettie Chatmon[5] F B 30 April 1884 16 August 1998 114 years, 108 days  Louisiana  Texas
32 Odie Matthews[5] F W 28 December 1878 14 April 1993 114 years, 107 days  Texas  Arizona
33 Florence Knapp[5] F W 10 October 1873 11 January 1988 114 years, 93 days  Pennsylvania  Pennsylvania
Elena Slough[5] F W 4 July 1889 5 October 2003 114 years, 93 days  Pennsylvania  New Jersey
35 Mary Anna Boone[5] F W 10 February 1887 13 May 2001 114 years, 92 days  Kentucky  Kentucky
36 Maggie Renfro[9] F B 14 November 1895 22 January 2010 114 years, 69 days  Louisiana  Louisiana
37 Emma Tillman[5] F B 22 November 1892 28 January 2007 114 years, 67 days  North Carolina  Connecticut
38 Grace Thaxton[5] F W 18 June 1891 6 July 2005 114 years, 18 days  New York  Kentucky
39 Minnie Ward[5] F B 19 November 1885 2 December 1999 114 years, 13 days  Tennessee  Massachusetts
40 Arbella Ewing[7] F B 13 March 1894 22 March 2008 114 years, 9 days  Texas  Texas
41 Catherine Hagel[7] F W 28 November 1894 6 December 2008 114 years, 8 days  Minnesota  Minnesota
42 Fred Hale, Sr.[5] M W 1 December 1890 19 November 2004 113 years, 354 days  Maine  New York
43 Miriam Carpelan[13] F W 8 July 1882 22 June 1996 113 years, 350 days  United Kingdom  California
44 Bertha Fry[14] F W 1 December 1893 14 November 2007 113 years, 348 days  Indiana  Indiana
45 Mae Harrington[5] F W 20 January 1889 29 December 2002 113 years, 343 days  New York  New York
46 Daisey Bailey[9] F B 30 March 1896 7 March 2010 113 years, 342 days  Tennessee  Michigan
47 Agatha Mitchell[5] F B 26 March 1887 25 February 2001 113 years, 336 days  Virginia  Virginia
48 Moses Hardy[5] M B 6 January 1893 7 December 2006 113 years, 335 days[15]  Mississippi  Mississippi
49 Clara Huhn[5] F W 28 January 1887 20 December 2000 113 years, 327 days  Nebraska  California
50 Corinne Dixon Taylor[5] F B 2 April 1893 14 February 2007 113 years, 318 days  District of Columbia  District of Columbia
51 Mary Christian[5] F W 12 June 1889 20 April 2003 113 years, 312 days  Massachusetts  California
52 Dina Manfredini[1] F W 4 April 1897 Living 127 years, 134 days  Italy Living in  Iowa
53 Mississippi Winn[1] F B 31 March 1897 14 January 2011 113 years, 289 days  Louisiana  Louisiana
Ida Williams[16] F B 10 June 1891 25 March 2005 113 years, 288 days  Louisiana  Louisiana
54 Fannie Thomas[5] F W 14? April 1867 22 January 1981 113 years, ca. 283 days[17]  Illinois  California
55 Johnson Parks[5] M B 15 October 1884 17 July 1998 113 years, 275 days Georgia  Florida
56 Mary Parr[5] F W 29 January 1889 29 October 2002 113 years, 273 days  Indiana  Florida
57 Beatrice Farve[8] F B 30 April 1895 19 January 2009 113 years, 264 days Georgia Georgia
58 Amalia Barone[5] F W 6 October 1884 26 June 1998 113 years, 263 days  Italy  Connecticut
59 Zora Wriggle[5] F W 24 February 1880 7 November 1993 113 years, 256 days  Pennsylvania  Pennsylvania
Rosa Allen[13] F B 17 May 1887 26 January 2001 113 years, 254 days Georgia Georgia
60 John Ingram McMorran[5] M W 19 June 1889 24 February 2003 113 years, 250 days  Michigan  Florida
61 Mary McKinney[5] F W 30 May 1873 2 February 1987 113 years, 248 days  California  California
62 Gladys Swetland[5] F W 18 April 1892 14 December 2005 113 years, 240 days  Pennsylvania  Pennsylvania
63 Mary Randall[5] F B 1 April 1887 12 November 2000 113 years, 225 days  Arkansas  Texas
64 Delina Filkins[5] F W 4 May 1815 4 December 1928 113 years, 214 days  New York  New York
65 Martha Kelly[2] F W 7 June 1851 30 December 1964 113 years, 206 days  Iowa  California
66 Nelle Hunt[5] F W 28 July 1887 8 February 2001 113 years, 195 days  Missouri  Missouri
Helen Stetter[14] F W 18 November 1893 1 June 2007 113 years, 195 days  Nebraska  Nebraska
68 Carrie Hardrick[5] F B 6 November 1887 14 May 2001 113 years, 189 days  Texas  Texas
John Joe Begay[5] M A/I 15 March 1888 20 September 2001 113 years, 189 days  Utah  Utah
69 Mamie Eva Keith[5] F W 22 March 1873 20 September 1986 113 years, 182 days  Illinois  Illinois
70 Emma Wilson[5] F W 12 May 1870 13 October 1983 113 years, 154 days  Missouri  Missouri
71 Jane Markle[5] F W 10 October 1883 12 March 1997 113 years, 153 days  Pennsylvania  Pennsylvania
72 Ella Schuler[1] F W 5 September 1897 Living 126 years, 346 days  Nebraska Living in  Kansas
Frances Street[16] F B 28 March 1897 24 August 2010 113 years, 149 days  South Carolina  North Carolina
73 Frederick Frazier[5] M W 27 January 1880 14 June 1993 113 years, 138 days  Alabama  Alabama
74 Gertrude Croker[5] F W 12 July 1881 26 November 1994 113 years, 137 days  Iowa  Vermont
75 Cleo Craig[5] F W 12 February 1890 28 June 2003 113 years, 136 days  Illinois  Illinois
76 Frances Johns[5] F B 3 February 1886 24 May 1999 113 years, 110 days  Arkansas  California
77 Aurelia Marotta[5] F W 27 June 1890 4 October 2003 113 years, 99 days  Massachusetts  Massachusetts
78 Delma Kollar[1] F W 31 October 1897 Living 126 years, 290 days  Kansas Living in  Oregon
79 Adelheid Kirschbaum[5] F W 29 September 1883 21 December 1996 113 years, 83 days  Germany  New York
80 Nellie Spencer[5] F W 24 August 1869 13 November 1982 113 years, 81 days  New Hampshire  New Jersey
81 Mary Crombie[5] F W 6 July 1890 22 September 2003 113 years, 78 days  Illinois  Illinois
82 Delvina Dahlheimer[13] F W 31 December 1888 13 March 2002 113 years, 72 days  Minnesota  Minnesota
83 Leila Backman Shull[14] F W 16 October 1894 22 December 2007 113 years, 67 days  South Carolina  South Carolina
84 Betsy Baker[5] F W 20 August 1842 24 October 1955 113 years, 65 days  United Kingdom  Nebraska
85 Cora Humphrey[5] F B 4 September 1879 1 November 1992 113 years, 58 days  Illinois  New York
86 Hazel Luther[5] F W 11 December 1889 31 January 2003 113 years, 51 days  Massachusetts  Florida
87 Ollie Bay[5] F W 11 November 1872 31? December 1985 113 years, ca. 50 days  Illinois  Illinois
88 Walter Richardson[5] M W 7 November 1885 25 December 1998 113 years, 48 days  Illinois  Illinois
89 Flossie Eckard[5] F W 25 July 1888 25 August 2001 113 years, 31 days  Iowa  California
90 Ito Konno Kinase[5] F O 31 December 1889 24 January 2003 113 years, 24 days  Japan  Hawaii
91 Daisy Sanders[5] F B 28 November 1881 10 December 1994 113 years, 12 days  Mississippi  Florida
92 Leila Denmark[1] F W 1 February 1898 Living 126 years, 197 days Georgia Living in Georgia
93 Birdie May Vogt[5] F W 3 August 1876 23 July 1989 112 years, 354 days  Ohio  Florida
94 Olive Alleshouse[13] F W 7 June 1882 13 May 1995 112 years, 340 days  Texas  Illinois
Elsie Johnson Maney[14] F W 28 March 1894 3 March 2007 112 years, 340 days  North Carolina  North Carolina
96 Ruby Drakeford[5] F W 25 January 1892 29 December 2004 112 years, 339 days  North Carolina  North Carolina
97 Maggie Murdock[5] F B 19 August 1887 22 July 2000 112 years, 338 days  North Carolina  North Carolina
98 Ella Gantt[5] F W 30 November 1888 28 October 2001 112 years, 332 days Georgia Georgia
Elizabeth Stefan[7] F W 13 May 1895 9 April 2008 112 years, 332 days  Romania[a]  Connecticut
100 Grace Jones[5] F W 4 June 1893 24 April 2006 112 years, 324 days  Virginia  Virginia
Ruby Kimball[13] F W 23 March 1892 9 February 2005 112 years, 323 days Georgia  New York
101 C. Letitia Lawson[8] F W 10 April 1896 22 February 2009 112 years, 318 days  Iowa  Iowa
Florence Barnes[13] F B 11 May 1894 5 March 2007 112 years, 298 days  Tennessee  Tennessee
102 Lillie Snyder[5] F W 9 May 1888 27 February 2001 112 years, 294 days  Pennsylvania  Pennsylvania
103 Sadie B. Meyer[5] F W 7 November 1879 7 August 1992 112 years, 274 days  New Hampshire  New Hampshire
104 Yettie Wilson[5] F B 28 August 1892 27 May 2005 112 years, 272 days  South Carolina  New York
105 Florence Homan[5] F W 18 November 1893 13 August 2006 112 years, 268 days  Ohio  Ohio
106 Berna Dupertuis[5] F W 21 September 1888 6 June 2001 112 years, 258 days  South Dakota  California
107 Flossie Page[5] F W 12 June 1893 22 February 2006 112 years, 255 days  Kansas  Kansas
108 Marion Higgins[5] F W 26 June 1893 2 March 2006 112 years, 249 days  New York  California
109 Katherine Jones[5] F B 30 August 1879 27 April 1992 112 years, 241 days  Kansas  California
110 Jennie Houck[5] F W 30 August 1888 24 April 2001 112 years, 237 days  Texas  Oklahoma
111 Bertha Flathers[5] F W 30 March 1885 21 November 1997 112 years, 236 days  Minnesota  Minnesota
112 Luisa Sanchez[5] F H/B/I 14 February 1884 5 October 1996 112 years, 234 days  New York  New York
113 Orpha Nusbaum[5] F W 13 August 1875 30 March 1998 112 years, 230 days  Indiana  Indiana
114 Mary Margaret Smith[5] F W 7 October 1893 23 May 2006 112 years, 228 days  Pennsylvania  Ohio
115 Lydia Newton[5] F W 23 March 1893 30 October 2005 112 years, 221 days  Illinois  Arizona
116 Anne Christopher[14] F W 4 March 1895 10 October 2007 112 years, 220 days  South Carolina Georgia
117 Anna Balsiger[5] F W 11 February 1889 14 September 2001 112 years, 215 days  Wisconsin  Wisconsin
118 Edna Taylor[5] F B 12 July 1890 10 February 2003 112 years, 213 days  New York  New York
119 Margaret Russell[5] F W 31 October 1892 29 May 2005 112 years, 210 days  Oklahoma  California
Inez Parker Jeffus[5] F W 20 March 1894 16 October 2006 112 years, 210 days  Texas  Texas
121 Florence Poe[9] F W 24 August 1897 21 March 2010 112 years, 209 days  Missouri  Missouri
122 Victoria Evinger[5] F W 1 February 1883 26 August 1995 112 years, 206 days  Indiana  Indiana
123 Mary Stout[5] F W 4 June 1883 25 December 1995 112 years, 204 days  Kansas  Illinois
Susana Lynn[5] F B 9 December 1888 1 July 2001 112 years, 204 days  Texas  Kansas
George Francis[7] M B 6 June 1896 27 December 2008 112 years, 204 days  Louisiana  California
126 Elizabeth Fisher[5] F W 15 January 1884 3 August 1996 112 years, 201 days  Minnesota  Washington
Louisa Delfino[5] F W 10 December 1886 29 June 1999 112 years, 201 days  Italy  Ohio
128 Mary Arp[5] F W 4 July 1885 18 January 1998 112 years, 198 days  Iowa  South Dakota
129 Sammie Howe[5] F W 7 March 1887 12 September 1999 112 years, 189 days  Alabama  Florida
130 Delcia Sockwell[5] F B 7 March 1888 4 September 2000 112 years, 181 days  Arkansas  Arkansas
Ruth Stamps[16] F B 22 May 1896 8 November 2008 112 years, 170 days  North Carolina  Ohio
Melinda Harris[16] F B 4 May 1898 20 October 2010 112 years, 169 days  North Carolina  North Carolina
131 Martha Williams[5] F B 12 September 1889 24 February 2002 112 years, 165 days  Arkansas  Arkansas
132 John Painter[5] M W 20 September 1888 1 March 2001 112 years, 162 days  Tennessee  Tennessee
Susie Waller[5] F W 26 May 1890 4 November 2002 112 years, 162 days  Iowa  California
134 Nellie Cross[5] F W 28 October 1889 3 April 2002 112 years, 157 days  Iowa  Iowa
135 Nellie Richards[5] F W 14 August 1885 13 January 1998 112 years, 152 days  New York  New Hampshire
Martele Murphy[5] F W 5 January 1886 6 June 1998 112 years, 152 days  Maine  Massachusetts
Jessie Champion[5] M B 15 August 1887 12 January 2000 112 years, 150 days Georgia Georgia
137 Maude Ross[5] F W 13 January 1880 9 June 1992 112 years, 148 days  Ohio  Missouri
138 Elzona Moxey[5] F W 30 November 1875 25 April 1988 112 years, 147 days  Kentucky  Oklahoma
139 Mamie Rearden[1] F B 7 September 1898 Living 125 years, 344 days  South Carolina Living in  South Carolina
140 Berta Rosenberg[8] F W 5 September 1896 28 January 2009 112 years, 145 days  Germany  New York
141 Elma Corning[5] F W 22 February 1892 12 July 2004 112 years, 141 days  Iowa  California
142 Mary Bittlebrun[5] F W 19 March 1864 6 August 1976 112 years, 140 days  Illinois  Arkansas
143 Alphaeus Philemon Cole[5] M W 12 July 1876 25 November 1988 112 years, 136 days  New Jersey  New York
144 Fannie Adler Greenberg[14] F W 24 May 1895 5 October 2007 112 years, 134 days  Canada  New York
145 Emma Yager[5] F W 12 November 1889 16 March 2002 112 years, 124 days  New York  New York
146 Mary Penamon[5] F B 18 October 1881 18 February 1994 112 years, 123 days  Mississippi  Tennessee
147 George Johnson[5] M B/W 1 May 1894 30 August 2006 112 years, 121 days  Pennsylvania  California
148 Onie Ponder[9] F W 3 September 1898 31 December 2010 112 years, 119 days  Florida  Florida
149 Irma Schmidt[1] F W 7 October 1898 Living 125 years, 314 days  Indiana Living in  Connecticut
150 Ruth Bruce[2] F B 8 October 1898 Living 125 years, 313 days  South Carolina Living in  North Carolina
151 Jessie Mae Kettering[5] F W 17 January 1888 11 May 2000 112 years, 115 days  Iowa  Iowa
152 Ada Killian[5] F ? 1 August 1873 17 November 1985 112 years, 108 days  Indiana  Missouri
Velma Curvey[16] F W 15 September 1898 24 December 2010 112 years, 100 days  Illinois  Illinois
153 Anna Brown[5] F B 29 September 1884 5 January 1997 112 years, 98 days  Alabama  Florida
154 Rosaria Caleca[14] F W 5 February 1895 6 May 2007 112 years, 90 days  Italy  New York
Beatrice Cooper[8] F W 3 February 1897 4 May 2009 112 years, 90 days  Michigan  Michigan
156 Brigida Dearroyo[5] F H 7 October 1888 31 December 2000 112 years, 85 days  Puerto Rico  New Jersey
157 Amy Harris[5] F W 6 November 1881 26 January 1994 112 years, 81 days  Arkansas  California
Grace Styck[5] F W 15 December 1893 6 March 2006 112 years, 81 days  Illinois  Illinois
159 Melvina Richardson[5] F B 11 January 1889 31 March 2001 112 years, 79 days  Indiana  Indiana
Roberta Brittain[16] F B 31 May 1896 10 August 2008 112 years, 71 days  Alabama  Illinois
160 Agnes Ferron[5] F W 13 November 1893 18 January 2006 112 years, 66 days  Kansas  Nebraska
161 Nyleptha Roberts[9] F W 12 March 1898 5 May 2010 112 years, 54 days  Tennessee  Tennessee
162 Emma Carroll[14] F W 18 May 1895 10 July 2007 112 years, 53 days  Iowa  Iowa
163 Minerva Bedford[5] F B 13 September 1886 4 November 1998 112 years, 52 days  Kentucky  Kentucky
164 Kathryn Gemme[5] F W 9 November 1894 29 December 2006 112 years, 50 days  Massachusetts  Massachusetts
165 Mamie Lou McGoogan[5] F W 12 January 1892 1 March 2004 112 years, 49 days  Louisiana  Arkansas
Martha Wiley[18] F W 28 August 1894 16 October 2006 112 years, 49 days Georgia  Texas
167 J. Reeta Jones[9] F W 17 October 1898 1 December 2010 112 years, 45 days  Tennessee  North Carolina
168 Jessie Penn[5] F W 18 May 1889 30 June 2001 112 years, 43 days  Alabama  Alabama
Geneva McNicholl[5] F W 10 December 1889 2 January 2002 112 years, 43 days  Oregon  Oregon
170 Bertha Blair[5] F W 30 December 1875 9 February 1988 112 years, 41 days  Iowa  California
171 Nettie Huber[5] F W 22 January 1880 1 March 1992 112 years, 39 days  Ohio  Ohio
172 Claire Dunning[5] F W 20 August 1878 27 September 1990 112 years, 38 days  New York  Florida
173 Mary Gentry[8] F W 4 September 1897 6 October 2009 112 years, 32 days  Alabama  Alabama
174 Ethel Robison[5] F W 2 June 1894 3 July 2006 112 years, 31 days  Missouri  Missouri
175 Emma Castilla Bowen[5] F W 2 March 1889 29 March 2001 112 years, 27 days  Illinois  Illinois
Marcella Humphrey[5] F W 25 October 1892 21 November 2004 112 years, 27 days  Wisconsin  Michigan
177 Lydia Carvalho[5] F W 21 January 1892 15 February 2004 112 years, 25 days  Rhode Island  Connecticut
178 Anna Lou Shively[5] F W 14 May 1880 7 June 1992 112 years, 24 days  Indiana  Pennsylvania
179 Mary Phil Cota[5] F W 5 July 1870 22 July 1982 112 years, 17 days  California  California
180 Lake Dickson[8] F W 19 January 1897 30 January 2009 112 years, 11 days  North Carolina  North Carolina
181 Emma Vanderkarr[5] F W 29 November 1869 5 December 1981 112 years, 6 days  New York  Virginia
182 James Wiggins[5] M B 15 October 1879 16 October 1991 112 years, 1 day  Arkansas  Arkansas

a^ Stefan was born in Siebenbürgen, which was then part of Hungary. It is now in Romania.

Oldest living American person by state

This is a list of the oldest living people of each US state.

  Verified   Pending   Unverified

State Name Sex Race Birth date Age
 Alabama Hagar Young[19] F B 11 October 1898 125 years, 310 days
 Alaska
 Arizona
 Arkansas
 California Soledad Mexia[1] F H 13 August 1899 125 years, 3 days
 Colorado
 Connecticut Irma Schmidt[1] F W 7 October 1898 125 years, 314 days
 Delaware
 District of Columbia Eddye Williams[20][21] F B 4 January 1901 123 years, 225 days
 Florida Elsie Thompson[1] F W 5 April 1899 125 years, 133 days
Georgia Besse Cooper[1] F W 26 August 1896 127 years, 356 days
 Hawaii
 Idaho
 Illinois
 Indiana Emelie Weil[19] F W 20 November 1899 124 years, 270 days
 Iowa Dina Manfredini[1] F W 4 April 1897 127 years, 134 days
 Kansas Ella Schuler[1] F W 5 September 1897 126 years, 346 days
 Kentucky Lera Williams[19] F W 9 February 1900 124 years, 189 days
 Louisiana
 Maine
 Maryland
 Massachusetts Bernice Madigan[1] F W 24 July 1899 125 years, 23 days
 Michigan Louisiana Hines[19] F B 13 April 1899 125 years, 125 days
 Minnesota Ruth Anderson[1] F W 24 July 1899 125 years, 23 days
 Mississippi
 Missouri Jewell Stehlik[19] F W 25 October 1899 124 years, 296 days
 Montana Walter Breuning[1] M W 21 September 1896 127 years, 330 days
 Nebraska Mable Steiner Ragan[22] F W 1 February 1901 123 years, 197 days
 Nevada
 New Hampshire Catherine Dion[23][24] F W 26 July 1901 123 years, 21 days
 New Jersey
 New Mexico
 New York Susannah Jones[1] F B 6 July 1899 125 years, 41 days
 North Carolina Ruth Bruce[2] F B 8 October 1898 125 years, 313 days
 North Dakota
 Ohio
 Oklahoma
 Oregon Delma Kollar[1] F W 31 October 1897 126 years, 290 days
 Pennsylvania Beulah Young F W 18 August 1900 123 years, 364 days
 Rhode Island
 South Carolina Mamie Rearden[1] F B 7 September 1898 125 years, 344 days
 South Dakota Beryl Kapaun[19] F W 4 June 1899 125 years, 73 days
 Tennessee
 Texas Clara Davis[19] F B 28 November 1900 123 years, 262 days
 Utah Edna Decker[25] F W 29 December 1902 121 years, 231 days
 Vermont
 Virginia Maggie James[19] F B 10 March 1899 125 years, 159 days
 Washington
 West Virginia
 Wisconsin
 Wyoming

Oldest American person by state

This is a list of the oldest people by birth from each U.S. state. The United States has the world's largest validated supercentenarian population. The records largely reflect population distribution and systems of recordkeeping 110 or more years ago, when several states didn't yet exist. States farther west thus have fewer verified recordholders.

  Deceased (Verified)   Living (Verified)   Pending   Disputed

State Name Sex Race Birth date Death date Age
 Alabama Lucy Hannah F B 16 July 1875 21 March 1993 117 years, 248 days
 Alaska
 Arizona
 Arkansas Mary Randall F B 1 April 1887 12 November 2000 113 years, 225 days
 California Mary McKinney F W 30 May 1873 2 February 1987 113 years, 248 days
 Colorado Frankie Jones F W 16 November 1892 31 January 2004 111 years, 76 days
 Connecticut Mary Bidwell F W 9 May 1881 25 April 1996 114 years, 352 days
 Delaware Wally Baker F W 9 January 1898 8 April 2009 111 years, 89 days
 District of Columbia Corinne Dixon Taylor F B 2 April 1893 14 February 2007 113 years, 318 days
 Florida Carrie C. White F W 18 November 1874 14 February 1991 116 years, 88 days
Onie Ponder F W 3 September 1898 31 December 2010 112 years, 119 days
Georgia Gertrude Baines F B 6 April 1894 11 September 2009 115 years, 158 days
 Hawaii
 Idaho Elsie Golcher F W 29 November 1891 2 March 2003 111 years, 93 days
 Illinois Wilhelmina Kott F W 7 March 1880 6 September 1994 114 years, 183 days
 Indiana Edna Parker F W 20 April 1893 26 November 2008 115 years, 220 days
 Iowa Neva Morris F W 3 August 1895 6 April 2010 114 years, 246 days
 Kansas Delma Kollar F W 31 October 1897 Living 126 years, 290 days
 Kentucky Mary Anna Boone F W 10 February 1887 13 May 2001 114 years, 92 days
 Louisiana Eunice Sanborn F W 20 July 1896 31 January 2011 114 years, 195 days
 Maine Fred Hale, Sr. M W 1 December 1890 19 November 2004 113 years, 354 days
 Maryland Pearl Bradford F W 22 March 1892 20 November 2003 111 years, 243 days
 Massachusetts Mary Christian F W 12 June 1889 20 April 2003 113 years, 312 days
 Michigan Maude Farris-Luse F W 21 January 1887 18 March 2002 115 years, 56 days
 Minnesota Walter Breuning M W 21 September 1896 Living 127 years, 330 days
 Mississippi Bettie Wilson F B 13 September 1890 13 February 2006 115 years, 153 days
 Missouri Nelle Hunt F W 28 July 1887 8 February 2001 113 years, 195 days
 Montana Emma Taylor F W 1 September 1891 24 June 2003 111 years, 282 days
 Nebraska Clara Huhn F W 28 January 1887 20 December 2000 113 years, 327 days
 Nevada
 New Hampshire Nellie Spencer F W 24 August 1869 13 November 1982 113 years, 81 days
 New Jersey Alphaeus Philemon Cole M W 12 July 1876 25 November 1988 112 years, 136 days
 New Mexico Anne Olsen F W 23 June 1891 16 December 2001 110 years, 176 days
 New York Grace Thaxton F W 18 June 1891 6 July 2005 114 years, 18 days
 North Carolina Maggie Barnes F B 6 March 1882 19 January 1998 115 years, 319 days
 North Dakota Mary Schumacher F W 29 August 1898 29 October 2009 111 years, 61 days
 Ohio Myrtle Dorsey F W 22 November 1885 25 June 2000 114 years, 216 days
 Oklahoma Margaret Russell F W 31 October 1892 29 May 2005 112 years, 210 days
 Oregon Geneva McNicholl F W 10 December 1889 22 January 2002 112 years, 43 days
 Pennsylvania Sarah Knauss F W 24 September 1880 30 December 1999 119 years, 97 days
 Rhode Island Lydia Carvalho F W 21 January 1892 15 February 2004 112 years, 25 days
 South Carolina Leila Backman Shull F W 16 October 1894 22 December 2007 113 years, 67 days
 South Dakota Berna Dupertuis F W 21 September 1888 6 June 2001 112 years, 258 days
 Tennessee Elizabeth Bolden F B 15 August 1890 11 December 2006 116 years, 118 days
 Texas Margaret Skeete F W 27 October 1878 7 May 1994 115 years, 192 days
 Utah Cleo Hinckley F W 13 October 1890 30 September 2002 111 years, 352 days
 Vermont Jessica Swift F W 17 September 1871 2 January 1982 110 years, 107 days
 Virginia Mathew Beard M B 9 July 1870 16 February 1985 114 years, 222 days
Martha Graham F B December 1844 25 June 1959 114 years, ca. 180 days
Agatha Mitchell F B 26 March 1887 25 February 2001 113 years, 336 days
 Washington Bessie Waldern F W 1 October 1887 8 May 1998 110 years, 219 days
 West Virginia Ettie Mae Greene F W 8 September 1877 26 February 1992 114 years, 171 days
 Wisconsin Anna Balsiger F W 11 February 1889 14 September 2001 112 years, 215 days
 Wyoming

Territories

Territory Name Sex Birth date Death date Age
 Puerto Rico Emiliano Mercado del Toro M 21 August 1891 24 January 2007 115 years, 156 days

Chronological list of the oldest living person in the United States since 1973

  Deceased (Verified)   Living (Verified)   Pending   Disputed   Unverified

From To Name Sex Race Age(s) when oldest Lifespan State of death
? 18 May 1974 Clarida Roy F W 110 19 October 1863 – 18 May 1974
110 years, 211 days 		 Maine
18 May 1974 5 August 1976
(2 years, 80 days) 		Mary Bittlebrun F W 110 – 112 19 March 1864 – 6 August 1976
112 years, 140 days 		 Arkansas
6 August 1976 2 December 1977
(1 year, 118 days) 		Sophia DeMuth F W 110 – 111 30 June 1866 – 2 December 1977
111 years, 155 days 		 Nebraska
2 December 1977 22 January 1981
(ca. 3 years, 51 days) 		Fannie Thomas F W 110 – 113 14? April 1867 – 22 January 1981
113 years, ca. 283 days[17] 		 California
22 January 1981 13 November 1982
(1 year, 295 days) 		Nellie Spencer F W 111 – 113 24 August 1869 – 13 November 1982
113 years, 81 days 		 New Jersey
13 November 1982 13 October 1983
(334 days) 		Emma Wilson F W 112 – 113 12 May 1870 – 13 October 1983
113 years, 154 days 		 Missouri
13 October 1983 16 February 1985
(1 year, 126 days) 		Mathew Beard M B 113 – 114 9 July 1870 – 16 February 1985
114 years, 222 days[10] 		 Florida
16 February 1985 31 December 1985
(c. 318 days) 		Ollie Bay F W 112 – 113 11 November 1872 – 31? December 1985
113 years, ca. 50 days 		 Illinois
31 December 1985 20 September 1986
(263 days) 		Mamie Eva Keith F W 112 – 113 22 March 1873 – 20 September 1986
113 years, 182 days 		 Illinois
20 September 1986 2 February 1987
(135 days) 		Mary McKinney F W 113 30 May 1873 – 2 February 1987
113 years, 248 days 		 California
2 February 1987 11 January 1988
(343 days) 		Florence Knapp F W 113 – 114 10 October 1873 – 11 January 1988
114 years, 93 days 		 Pennsylvania
11 January 1988 14 February 1991
(3 years, 34 days) 		Carrie C. White F W 113 – 116 18 November 1874 – 14 February 1991
116 years, 88 days[6] 		 Florida
14 February 1991 21 March 1993
(2 years, 35 days) 		Lucy Hannah F B 115 – 117 16 July 1875 – 21 March 1993
117 years, 248 days 		 Michigan
21 March 1993 7 May 1994
(1 year, 47 days) 		Margaret Skeete F W 114 – 115 27 October 1878 – 7 May 1994
115 years, 192 days 		 Virginia
7 May 1994 6 September 1994
(122 days) 		Wilhelmina Kott F W 114 7 March 1880 – 6 September 1994
114 years, 183 days 		 Illinois
6 September 1994 30 December 1999
(5 years, 115 days) 		Sarah Knauss F W 113 – 119 24 September 1880 – 30 December 1999
119 years, 97 days 		 Pennsylvania
30 December 1999 25 June 2000
(178 days) 		Myrtle Dorsey F W 114 22 November 1885 – 25 June 2000
114 years, 216 days 		 Ohio
25 June 2000 18 March 2002
(1 year, 266 days) 		Maude Farris-Luse F W 113 – 115 21 January 1887 – 18 March 2002
115 years, 56 days 		 Michigan
18 March 2002 28 May 2002
(71 days) 		Grace Clawson F W 114 15 November 1887 – 28 May 2002
114 years, 194 days 		 Florida
28 May 2002 21 August 2002
(85 days) 		Adelina Domingues F W 114 19 February 1888 – 21 August 2002
114 years, 183 days 		 California
21 August 2002 29 December 2002
(130 days) 		Mae Harrington F W 113 20 January 1889 – 29 December 2002
113 years, 343 days 		 New York
29 December 2002 20 April 2003
(112 days) 		Mary Christian F W 113 12 June 1889 – 20 April 2003
113 years, 312 days 		 California
20 April 2003 5 October 2003
(168 days) 		Elena Slough F W 113 – 114 4 July 1889 – 5 October 2003
114 years, 93 days 		 New Jersey
5 October 2003 14 May 2004
(222 days) 		Charlotte Benkner F W 113 – 114 16 November 1889 – 14 May 2002
114 years, 180 days 		 Ohio
14 May 2004 1 December 2004
(201 days) 		Emma Verona Johnston F W 113 – 114 6 August 1890 – 1 December 2004
114 years, 117 days 		 Ohio
1 December 2004 11 December 2006
(2 years, 10 days) 		Elizabeth Bolden F B 114 – 116 15 August 1890 – 11 December 2006
116 years, 118 days 		 Tennessee
11 December 2006 28 January 2007
(48 days) 		Emma Tillman F B 114 22 November 1892 – 28 January 2007
114 years, 67 days 		 Connecticut
28 January 2007 14 February 2007
(17 days) 		Corinne Dixon Taylor F B 113 2 April 1893 – 14 February 2007
113 years, 318 days 		 District of Columbia
14 February 2007 26 November 2008
(1 year, 286 days) 		Edna Parker F W 113 – 115 20 April 1893 – 26 November 2008
115 years, 220 days 		 Indiana
26 November 2008 11 September 2009
(289 days) 		Gertrude Baines F B 114 – 115 6 April 1894 – 11 September 2009
115 years, 158 days 		 California
11 September 2009 7 March 2010
(177 days) 		Mary Josephine Ray F W 114 17 May 1895 – 7 March 2010
114 years, 294 days 		 New Hampshire
7 March 2010 6 April 2010
(30 days) 		Neva Morris F W 114 3 August 1895 – 6 April 2010
114 years, 246 days 		 Iowa
6 April 2010 31 January 2011
(300 days) 		Eunice Sanborn F W 113 – 114 20 July 1896 – 31 January 2011
114 years, 195 days 		 Texas
31 January 2011 Present
(4946 days) 		Besse Cooper F W 114* born 26 August 1896
age 127 years, 356 days 		Living in Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia

People

Ann Pouder

photo of Ann Pouder Published in National Geographic Society Magazine June 1919.

Ann Pouder née Ann Alexander (London, United Kingdom 8 April 1807 – Baltimore, Maryland, United States 10 July 1917) was one of the first recognized supercentenarians in the world. Her age at death was 110 years, 93 days.[26] When Pouder was twelve years old her family immigrated to the United States. There she lived the following 98 years of her life in Baltimore, Maryland. She married, although became a widow very early and had no children. Her extreme longevity claim was certified by Alexander Graham Bell.[27] In her last few months, she was bedridden, blind and almost deaf, but her mind remained sharp.[28]

Fannie Thomas

Fannie Leona Thomas (14 April?, 1867 – 22 January 1981)[29] was listed in Guinness World Records as the oldest living American supercentenarian. As the Shigechiyo Izumi case was later disputed, Thomas may in fact have been the world's oldest person when she died at 113 years and 283? days.[citation needed] Regardless, she was still the world's oldest living woman at the time of her death.

Preceded by Oldest undisputed living person
16 November 1980 – 12 March 1987 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Marie-Virginie Duhem
 Oldest recognized living woman
25 April 1978 – 22 January 1981 		Succeeded by
Augustine Teissier

Mathew Beard

Mathew Beard (9 July 1870 – 16 February 1985) was an American supercentenarian and the oldest person from the state of Virginia. However, his case is disputed. He is the oldest American-born male, leaving Walter Breuning as the oldest undisputed American-born male. The oldest undisputed person from Virginia is Agatha Mitchell.

At the time of Beard's death, he was the second oldest man ever. Today, he is the fourth oldest man ever. He is also the oldest man to not have held the title of oldest living man.

He is also the second oldest person to die in Florida, being surpassed only by the also disputed case of Carrie C. White. Shigechiyo Izumi was the oldest living man (and person) at the time of Beard's death. Shigechiyo Izumi's case is also disputed.

Beard was also the first recorded man to die at the age of 114. He was also the last surviving person born in 1870.

As of October 2010, Beard is one of the 40 oldest people ever.

Florence Homan

Florence Homan (18 November 1893 – 13 August 2006) was Ohio's oldest person since 23 May 2006, and was listed in Guinness World Records (2007 edition) as one of the top 15 world's oldest living people at the time. Her ranking had been tied for 12th before she died at the age of 112 years and 268 days, which at the time was older than the then oldest living persons in France (112), the United Kingdom (111) and Germany (110). Born Florence Wilker, she married Arthur Homan in 1941. He died in 1988. Due to the late marriage, they had no children. She lived on her own until age 105, when she moved into a nursing home.[30][31]

Mary McKinney

Mary Elizabeth "Mamie"[32] McKinney née Wallace (30 May 1873 – 2 February 1987) was briefly recognized by Guinness as the world's oldest person. Following the death of fellow 113-year-old Mamie Eva Keith in September 1986, she became the "world's oldest person" according to the Guinness Book of Records. However, her own death five months later in Sacramento, California meant that she never appeared in the record book, even though her Guinness recognition made the news. She lived for 113 years and 248 days.

As of 2009, McKinney is listed in the addendum of the 100 longest lived people ever.

Preceded by Oldest recognized living person
20 September 1986 – 2 February 1987 		Succeeded by

Florence Knapp

Florence Knapp (10 October 1873 – 11 January 1988) was, for the last two weeks of her life, recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the oldest person in the world.

Born in Lansdale, Pennsylvania, she lived in nearby Montgomery Square much of her life and came from a large and long-lived family, eight of her siblings dying in their 80s and 90s and one sister reaching age 108.

By October 1987, when she was honored by the Pennsylvania legislature, she was recognized by Guinness as the oldest person in the United States, and the death of Anna Eliza Williams on 27 December 1987 meant that Knapp became the oldest verified recognized living person. Her death just 15 days after meant that she never appeared in a Guinness Book as the oldest living person.

Her death caused some confusion as to who her successor was, with Guinness recognition and press publicity alighting first on Orpha Nusbaum (August 1875 – March 1988), who died before the 1989 edition's deadline, then Birdie May Vogt (August 1876 – July 1989), who appeared in the 1989 edition's main text, then Jeanne Calment, mentioned in the addenda section, and finally in November 1988 on Carrie C. White, whose claim to birth in November 1874 was accepted. However, with recent census research calling White's authentication into question, Calment may very well have been Florence Knapp's actual immediate successor.

As of December 2009, Knapp is listed as one of the 70 longest lived people ever and her lifespan is tied with that of Elena Slough.

Preceded by Oldest recognized living person
27 December 1987 – 11 January 1988 		Succeeded by
Carrie C. White
(disputed)

Flossie Elizabeth Page née Bishop (12 June 1893 – 22 February 2006)[33] was an American supercentenarian who broke the record for the oldest person of Kansas on record on 9 February 2006, the previous record of 112 years, 241 days having been set by Katherine Jones in 1992, and died exactly two weeks after achieving this feat. She was born in Haven, Kansas and died in Butler County.[34][35][36][37]

Page ranked as the sixth-oldest person in the U.S. and eleventh in the world when she died, aged 112 years and 255 days.

After graduating from high school, she taught at a one room school house near Lewis, and later worked at the War Risk Insurance Department in Washington, D.C. upon the start of World War I. Page married Fredric William Page in 1926, who died in 1967. She attributed her longevity to living a moral life, and taking no medication whatsoever.

Carrie C. White

Carrie C. White, née Joyner (18 November 1874? – 14 February 1991), was recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the oldest person in the world around the time she celebrated her alleged 114th birthday in 1988.

A resident of a Palatka, Florida nursing home, she had been institutionalized since a nervous breakdown in 1909, about the time of her divorce. Her documentation was described as impeccable, but recent research has indicated she might in fact have been 21 rather than 35 when she was admitted, meaning she may have died at 102 (instead of 116).[38]

If this is the case, Jeanne Calment became the world's oldest living person not when Carrie White died 14 February 1991, (one week short of 116) (considered the holder of the United States longevity record until it was first broken by Lucy Hannah, then later by Sarah Knauss), but immediately on the death of Florence Knapp (even if White's differental was only of one year) in January 1988. However, the 1900 Census match could not be considered an unequivocal identification.

As of December 2009, White is listed as one of the 10 longest lived people ever.

Preceded by Oldest recognized living person
11 January 1988 – 14 February 1991
(disputed) 		Succeeded by

Joe Thomas

Joseph "Joe" Thomas (1 May 1875 – 14 December 1986) was an American supercentenarian and the oldest recognized living man from February 1986 until his own death. He lived in Louisiana. Following his death, Herman Smith-Johannsen became the world's oldest living man.

(Note: this is a retroactive reconstruction of history. In reality, the Joe Thomas case was not verified until July 2002 by the SSA study, and Guinness did not recuperate the "oldest living man" category until 2000).

Preceded by Oldest recognized living man
21 February 1986 – 14 December 1986 		Succeeded by

Wilhelmina Geringer Kott

Wilhelmina Kott née Geringer (7 March 1880 – 6 September 1994) was an American supercentenarian recognized by Guinness World Records as the 'oldest living American' in its 1995 edition, following the death of Margaret Skeete. Born in Peru, Illinois as one of 16 children to George and Sophia Geringer, she moved to Chicago in 1881, where she lived almost her entire life and subsequently died.

Her age was subject to a one-year discrepancy. Guinness recognized her as born in 1879 (based on the 1900 Census), but later research by the SSA study showed that she was listed as two months old in the 1880 Census, making her age more likely 114, not 115.

As of December 2009, Kott is listed as one of the 50 longest lived people ever.

Carrie Lazenby

Carrie Lazenby née Jenkins (9 February 1882 – 14 September 1996) was an American supercentenarian. She died at age 114 years, 218 days, making her the 34th oldest person on record (tied with Japanese woman Ura Koyama on 5 April 2005), the sixteenth-oldest American person on record, and the seventh-oldest African American person on record. Lazenby's record as the oldest person ever in Georgia was surpassed by Gertrude Baines, on 11 November 2008.

As of December 2009, Lazenby is listed as one of the 40 longest lived people ever.

Maggie Barnes

Maggie Pauline Barnes née Hinnant (6 March 1882 – 19 January 1998)[39] was an American supercentenarian. She was a resident of Johnston County, North Carolina. Barnes died from complications following a minor foot infection.[40] Barnes, who was born to a slave and married a tenant farmer, was survived by four children; 11 of her children preceded her in death.[40]

Some dispute exists as to her date of birth. Though the family Bible gives the 1882 date, she is listed as having been born in 1881 by the 1900 US Census, and she is listed as having been born in 1880 on her marriage license.[40] Authenticating to the latter of those dates, Barnes was 115 years, 319 days old when she died.

If the cases of Shigechiyo Izumi, Carrie C. White and Kamato Hongo are excluded, Barnes is the 8th oldest person on record]].

As of December 2009, Barnes is listed as one of the 15 longest lived people ever.

Johnson Parks

Johnson Parks (15 October 1884 – 17 July 1998) is the oldest undisputed person to die in Florida. At the time of his death, he was 113 years, 275 days.

Johnson Parks only held the oldest living man title for 85 days, making him one of the shortest tenure of oldest living man, but they are shorter : Herman Smith-Johannsen held it for 22 days and Henry Allingham held it for 29 days.

At the time of his death, Parks was the second undisputed male ever, behind only Christian Mortensen.

As of November 2010, Parks is in the addendum of the 100 longest-lived people ever.

Preceded by Oldest recognized living man
25 April 1998 – 17 July 1998 		Succeeded by
Walter Richardson

Clara Huhn

Clara Huhn née Herling (28 January 1887 – 20 December 2000) was an American homemaker and supercentenarian. Born near Clarkson, Nebraska, she lived near Schuyler for most of her life. She remained active, healthy and independent until the last few months of her life, and even answered an interview just before her 113th birthday. At age 113 years, 327 days, she is the oldest person on record born in Nebraska, but she was not the oldest person on record to die in that particular state, since she died in La Mesa, California. The title of the oldest person on record to die in Nebraska belongs to Helen Stetter, who died on 1 June 2007 at age 113 years, 195 days.[41]

As of December 2009, Huhn is listed as one of the 90 longest lived people ever.

Delvina Dahlheimer

Mary Delvina Dahlheimer née Morissette (31 December 1888 – 13 March 2002) was an American supercentenarian. At the time of her death, aged 113 years and 72 days, she was the oldest person ever in Minnesota, and the fourth-oldest person in the world.[citation needed] After she broke her hip in 2000, she was sent to the Guardian Angels Care Center, where she lived out the rest of her days.[citation needed] Dahlheimer's Minnesota state record title was surpassed by Catherine Hagel on 9 February 2008. Incidentally, Hagel was the sister-in-law of Dahlheimer. Hagel died on 6 December 2008 aged 114, the third-oldest living person in the world at the time.

Mae Harrington

Mae Harrington née Maxwell (20 January 1889 – 29 December 2002) was an American supercentenarian who became the oldest person in the history of the state of New York, breaking the record held since the 1920s by then world's oldest person Delina Filkins, also 113, but her own record was subsequently broken in 2005 by Grace Thaxton, who was born in the state before moving to and dying in Kentucky. Because her age was not authenticated during her lifetime, the public recognition she was due went to another 113-year-old, Mary Parr (29 January 1889 – 29 October 2002), who was born nine days after her, dying two months before her, as her age was only validated posthumously.[42]

As of December 2009, Harrington is listed as one of the 80 longest lived people ever. At her death, Harrington was the oldest living person in the United States, and may have been the oldest living person (the case of Kamato Hongo remains doubtful). After her death, Mary Christian became the oldest living person in the United States, and if the questionable case of Kamato Hongo is excluded, Yukichi Chuganji would have became the oldest living person, and the first man to hold that title since the disputed Shigechiyo Izumi held the title for nearly a decade.

Preceded by
Adelina Domingues
 Oldest undisputed living person
21 August 2002 – 29 December 2002 		Succeeded by

Elena Slough

Elena Proctor Slough née Rodenbaugh (4 July 1889 – 5 October 2003)[43] was the oldest recognized person in the United States from the death of Mary Christian on 20 April 2003 until Slough's own death that following October, six months later. After her death, the oldest recognized person in the United States was Charlotte Benkner.[43]

Born in Horsham, Pennsylvania, she married twice and had children by each marriage.[citation needed] Incidentally, her 90-year-old daughter died three days before her at the same Cape May, New Jersey nursing home.[citation needed]

Some sources date her birth to 1888, but the oldest records state that she was born in 1889.[44]

As of December 2009, Slough is listed as one of the 70 longest lived people ever.

Mary Margaret Smith

Mary Margaret Smith (7 October 1893 – 23 May 2006) was an American supercentenarian and, at the time of her death at age 112 years and 228 days, Ohio's oldest verified living person. Smith also ranked fifth in the United States and was the 13th oldest person in the world. She was born in Pittsburgh and moved to Ohio in 1898. Smith had two husbands. She lived on her own until age 95 and did not move into a nursing home until the age of 108.[45]

She was listed in the 2007 edition of Guinness World Records as one of the top-15 oldest people in the world, and died in Jefferson, Ohio.

Consuelo Moreno-López

Consuelo Moreno-López (5 February 1893 – 13 November 2004) was born in Spanish Morocco (then a colony of Spain) to Spanish parents.[46] She later emigrated to the United States in 1960. She died stateside, aged 111 years and 282 days, as the result of an adverse reaction to a flu shot. Moreno-López holds the longevity record for Morocco, which declared its independence in 1956.[47][48]

Grace Thaxton

Grace Thaxton née Menges (18 June 1891 – 6 July 2005) was a supercentenarian, the oldest person in Kentucky, the fourth-oldest person in the U.S. and the sixth-oldest documented person in the world at the time of her death at age 114.[49] Grace was the oldest documented person ever born in the state of New York, in Rockland to be precise, and narrowly missed the all-time age record for a Kentucky resident of 114 years and 92 days, set by Mary Anna Boone in 2001, when she died in Winchester from a bout of pneumonia not long after her last birthday.[citation needed]

Moreover, her own mother (Harriet Menges née Hardenburgh) died at 109 (25 Aug 1860 - Dec 1969),[citation needed] nearly a supercentenarian herself, and Thaxton almost lived to see her son Robert turn 90 on 12 July 2005. As of December 2009, Thaxton is listed as one of the 80 longest lived people ever.

Bettie Wilson

Bettie Antry Wilson née Rutherford (13 September 1890 – 13 February 2006)[50] became the oldest verified living person in the United States with the death of 114-year-old Emma Verona Johnston on 1 December 2004. She lost this designation when the age of Elizabeth Bolden was verified in April 2005. Both were born in the rural South—where they lived less than 100 miles apart.

Born of freed slaves, Solomon and Delia Rutherford, she is the oldest resident of the state of Mississippi ever recorded (the previous record was 113 years, 12 days set in 1994). Her oldest son, Will Rogers, was said to have been born (27 October 1909 – 21 October 2008) making him 96 years old himself at the time (although the 1930 census lists him as 19 years old in April 1930, indicating that he was 95 instead). In late April 2005, Wilson moved into a new home funded by donations.

Wilson celebrated her 115th birthday in September 2005, at which time she ranked as the third-oldest living person in the world.

Wilson died at her New Albany home on 13 February 2006, aged 115 years, 153 days. She was survived by the aforementioned son (1909–2008), five grandchildren, 46 great-grandchildren, 95 great-great-grandchildren and 38 great-great-great grandchildren.

As of December 2009, Wilson is listed as one of the 20 longest lived people ever.

Marion Higgins

Marion Higgins née Bigelow (New York City, New York, 26 June 1893 – Seal Beach, California, 2 March 2006) was an American supercentenarian. At an early age, she moved to Maine, and later on to California.[51]

On 29 May 2005, Marion was recognized as California's oldest living person, four weeks shy of 112, following the death of Margaret Russell, aged 112.

Her memory was remarkable for a person her age. She could remember from age one, and recite poems backwards. Moreover, she wrote her first book herself at the 'tender' age of 102.[52]

Marion died from congestive heart failure, aged 112 years and 249 days. She was ranked as sixth-oldest in the U.S. and 11th in the world at the time of her death.

Grace Nelsen Jones

Grace Rebecca Jones née Nelsen (4 June 1893 – 24 April 2006) was born in Richmond, Virginia, United States to Norwegian immigrant parents. Grace was their 12th and last child, born when her mother was already 43 years old. She later married Charles Jones and started a family of her own. In 2005, Grace became the Virginia state recordholder for the oldest verified person born over there. She died at the age of 112 years and 324 days. At the time of her death, Jones ranked as the world's 10th-oldest person.[53]

Thomas Nelson, Sr.

Thomas D. Nelson, Sr. (8 July 1895 – 9 January 2007) was, at age 111, the oldest living man in the United States and the second-oldest man in the world from 7 December 2006 (the death of fellow black American Moses Hardy) for one month until his own death.

He had been living in Port Arthur, Texas since the early 1930s. He opened a candy shop in the mid-1930s, and worked there for more than 60 years.[54][55]

Delphia Spencer Hankins

Delphia Hankins née Spencer (23 July 1896 – 17 October 2007) was an American supercentenarian. Hankins was the oldest person in Mississippi at the time of her death at age 111.

She was born in Itawamba County, Mississippi.[56] to Henry Jackson Spencer and Samantha Fikes Spencer.[56] In addition to her parents, she was predeceased by her husband, Curtis Hankins; her brothers, Bobby, Kip, Grady, Chester and Curtis Spencer; and a son who died in infancy.

Hankins had been a resident of Aberdeen, Mississippi from 1942 until 2000.[56] She worked at Aberdeen Hospital and at Dr. Murphree's Clinic,[56] and then a homemaker until she was 104.[56] Afterwards, she moved to West Point, Mississippi, where she spent the last seven years of her life.[56]

Delphia Hankins died at the Dugan Memorial Home in West Point.[56] At the time of her death she was survived by two daughters, Olema Poss of West Point and Kathryn Crump of Aberdeen; a son, W.D. Hankins of Aberdeen; twenty-seven grandchildren; two step-grandchildren; sixteen great-grandchildren and six great-great-grandchildren.

Elizabeth Stefan

Elizabeth Stefan née Molnar (13 May 1895 – 9 April 2008)[2] was an American supercentenarian of Romanian descent.

Born in Romania, Stefan emigrated to the United States in 1913. She is believed to be the oldest Romanian ever. Stefan lived in a nursing home in Norwalk, Connecticut, where she celebrated her 112th birthday in May 2007.

Stefan died aged 112 years and 332 days, just five weeks shy of her 113th birthday. At the time of her death, she was the seventh-oldest validated person in the world and the fifth-oldest validated person in the United States. She leaves behind a daughter, grandchildren and a great-grandson.[57]

George Francis

George Rene Francis (6 June 1896 – 27 December 2008)[58][59] was an American supercentenarian and the joint second-oldest living man in the world, together with Englishman Henry Allingham, until Francis's death aged 112 years, 204 days. He was also the oldest living man in the United States, following the death of Antonio Pierro on 8 Feb 2007. Francis was from New Orleans, Louisiana but since 1949 lived in Sacramento, California, where a local newspaper published a poem that Francis enjoyed reciting to friends and the public throughout his life.[60] He credited his longevity to nature, and enjoyed a rich diet of pork, eggs, milk and lard. He gave up smoking cigars at the age of 75.[61]

Francis attempted to join the army in World War I but was rejected for service in 1918 as being too short and small (he weighed only about 100 pounds). Despite this, he later was a boxer before becoming a barber and then a chauffeur. Francis claimed to have met Louis Armstrong and Booker T. Washington and to have seen Babe Ruth hit a home run. His wife died in 1964. At the time of his death, Francis was listed as one of the 20 oldest verified men ever.

Olivia Patricia Thomas

Olivia Patricia Thomas née Trevellyan (29 June 1895 – 16 November 2009) was, at age 114, the world's third verified oldest living person, following the death of Gertrude Baines on 11 September 2009. Thomas was the second oldest American (and the oldest born in the United States, as Mary Josephine Ray was born in Canada). She moved to Buffalo, New York in 1946 and went on to become the oldest living person in the state of New York. Her nickname is The Plant Lady, because of her lifelong hobby of caring for plants.

On 25 October 2009, Thomas broke the record for the oldest person born in Iowa, surpassing the 114 years, 117 days set by Emma Verona Johnston in 2004. On 22 December 2009, Neva Morris aged 114 years, 141 days surpassed Olivia Patricia Thomas as the oldest verified Iowa person ever.

Thomas is listed as one of the 60 longest lived people ever.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar Validated living supercentenarians The Gerontology Research Group lists persons as living whose age has been validated and confirmed to be alive within the past year. Cite error: The named reference "GRG" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d e The Oldest Human Beings
  3. ^ Report on Maggie James at the claimed age of 111
  4. ^ http://www.newsday.com/long-island/nassau/glen-cove-woman-celebrates-110-years-of-life-1.2647075?print=true
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh Supercentenarians who lived in the United States
  6. ^ a b Guinness World Records accepted White's claim, but subsequent research reveals she may have been 102 at death.[1]
  7. ^ a b c d e GRG Deaths in 2008
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h GRG Deaths in 2009
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h GRG Deaths in 2010
  10. ^ a b The Social Security Administration (USA) recognizes Beard's claim, based on census information, but that census match is not universally accepted.
  11. ^ GRG Table CCCC
  12. ^ The day count for Graham is an estimate as her month of birth is known but not her date of birth.
  13. ^ a b c d e f List of the 200 verified oldest people
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h GRG Deaths in 2007
  15. ^ Hardy may have been born on 6 January 1894 and aged 112 years, 335 days at the time of his death.GRG list with Hardy in italics, indicating it is a questionable case.
  16. ^ a b c d e f List of Pending cases
  17. ^ a b Thomas may have been born on 24 April 1867 and aged 113 years, 273 days at the time of her death. The Oldest Human Beings
  18. ^ GRG Deaths in 2006
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h Pending cases for consideration Important note: these cases have provided at least one document supporting the age claimed but lack the three documents necessary for acceptance.
  20. ^ DC woman turns 110
  21. ^ [2]
  22. ^ E.A. Kral's list of oldest Nebraskans headed by Mable Steiner Ragan
  23. ^ [3]
  24. ^ [4]
  25. ^ Edna Decker noted as the oldest Utahn
  26. ^ Robert D. Young, Louis Epstein, L. Stephen Coles. Rejuvenation Research. August 2008, 11(4): 851–852. doi:10.1089/rej.2008.0777.
  27. ^ Report mentioning Ann Pouder's being validated by Alexander Graham Bell
  28. ^ Maurice Ernest, The Longer Life – A Critical Survey of Many Claims to Abnormal Longevity, of various Theories on duration of life and old age, and of divers attempts at rejuvenation, READ BOOKS, 2006, ISBN 1406797995, 9781406797992
  29. ^ Hess, Beth B. (1991). "Chapter 11". Growing Old in America. Transaction Publishers. p. 173. ISBN 0887388469. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |origmonth= and |origdate= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ Oldest Ohio resident dies, 112[dead link]
  31. ^ Michelle Payne (23 November 2005). "River resident celebrates 112th year". Westlife. Retrieved 9 December 2007.
  32. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5SkVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cfsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6655,4458\196
  33. ^ Social Security Death Index; 509689388
  34. ^ "Rosalia Women Turns 110". Wichita Eagle. Retrieved 9 December 2007. Flossie Page says 110 years of life will make you wise, content . . . and tired. She should know. She celebrated her 110th birthday Thursday at her Rosalia home. "I don't want to live a long while longer," she said Friday. "I think I've lived my life." She said she is glad she has lived so many years, but she would not recommend it to others. "Not unless you can help other people who {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  35. ^ "Flossie Page". Associated Press. 25 February 2006. Flossie page, the oldest Kansan on record, died Wednesday of pneumonia, according to granddaughter Becky Humig. She was 112 years, eight months and ... {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  36. ^ "Oldest Kansan Dies at 112". Wichita Eagle. 24 February 2006. Flossie Page didn't drink liquor or soda pop. She didn't smoke or cuss. But she did drink strong coffee and wasn't above killing an occasional snake in her garden with a hoe. Mrs. Page died Wednesday morning from pneumonia at the Susan B. Allen Memorial Hospital in El Dorado. She had lived 112 years, eight months and 10 days, making her the oldest Kansan on record, according to the Gerontology Research Group, which research es the lifestyles of ... {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  37. ^ "Flossie Page". KAKE. 9 May 2004. Retrieved 9 December 2007. We don't often get a chance to meet history. But here she is. Flossie Page who next month will celebrate 111 years of life. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  38. ^ Maier, Heiner (2010). Supercentenarians. Springer. pp. 275–7. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
  39. ^ New England Supercentenerain Study. Oldest Authenticated Centenarians Boston University Medical Campus. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
  40. ^ a b c Musante, Glenna B. (22 January 1998) "Johnston woman, one of world's oldest, dies at 117" The Raleigh News & Observer. Section: News; B1.
  41. ^ Nebraska Press Association – 700 Famous Nebraskans – Clara Herling Huhn
  42. ^ Jonas Kover. "Clinton woman's 'everyday' life ends at age 113 in nursing home". Observer-Dispatch. 1 January 2003. Section A, Page 01.
  43. ^ a b "Oldest American dies age 114". BBC News. 6 October 2003. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
  44. ^ David Porter (6 October 2003). "Oldest American dies in her sleep". Associated Press. Lawrence Journal. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
  45. ^ Ohio's oldest citizen dies in Jefferson
  46. ^ Young, Mark (7 February 1997). "AT 105, CONSUELO MORENO SAYS: "BE GOOD AND DON'T HURT ANYONE"". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
  47. ^ Sullivan, Patricia (12 December 2004). "Consuelo Romero, 112, Dies; Sewed for Sultan's Family". The Washington Post. Retrieved 15 January 2008.
  48. ^ http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/VA-news/VA-Pilot/issues/1997/vp970207/02060153.htm
  49. ^ LA Times report at the Gerontology Research Group
  50. ^ Bettie Wilson, 115; One of Three Oldest Americans (LA Times)
  51. ^ Thurber, Jon. "Obituaries; Marion B. Higgins, 112", Los Angeles Times, 4 March 2006.
  52. ^ Andrew H. Malcolm LA Times on GRG and Marion Higgins (25 June 2005)
  53. ^ [5]
  54. ^ Ashley Sanders (8 July 2006). "PA's Nelson celebrates birthday milestone". Port Arthur News. Retrieved 3 November 2010. ... The creator and proprietor of Nelson's Confectionery on Lincoln Avenue celebrated his 111th birthday Saturday surrounded by his friends and family.
  55. ^ Ashley Sanders (9 January 2007). "Second-oldest man leaves sweet legacy". Port Arthur, Texas: Port Arthur News. Retrieved 3 November 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  56. ^ a b c d e f g "Delphia Hankins". Commercial Dispatch. 18 October 2007. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
  57. ^ http://groups.google.com/group/alt.obituaries/browse_thread/thread/5eb39f4e67eeeb5f
  58. ^ Jason Dearen (28 December 2008). "Oldest man in the US dies in Sacramento at 112". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, CA: The McClatchy Company. Associated Press. Retrieved 3 November 2010. Francis died Saturday of congestive heart failure at a nursing home in Sacramento [dead link]
  59. ^ "Recent Deaths for 2008". Gerontology Research Group. GRG Interactive. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
  60. ^ "The Black Man's Plea for Justice" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, CA: The McClatchy Company. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
  61. ^ Life looks good at 110
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