List of German Jews
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The first Jewish population in the region to be later known as Germany came with the Romans to the city now known as Cologne. A "Golden Age" in the first millennium saw the emergence of the Ashkenazi Jews, while the persecution and expulsion that followed the Crusades led to the creation of Yiddish and an overall shift eastwards. A change of status in the late Renaissance Era, combined with the Jewish Enlightenment– the Haskalah, meant that by the 1920s Germany had one of the most integrated Jewish populations in Europe, contributing prominently to German culture and society. The vast majority either left the country or were murdered in the Holocaust.
The following is a list of some famous Jewish people (by religion or descent) from Germany proper. Also note that the idea of German nationality is rather broad, due to the many Germanic tribes, Jewish assimilation into Germany, and separate German ruled states through the history of Europe. Therefore, the same set of people could at times be referred to as Germans, Jews, or German Jews alike.
Historical figures
Politicians
- Fischel Arnheim, politician[4]
- Ludwig Bamberger, politician[5]
- Daniel Cohn-Bendit, member of European Parliament, student leader in 1968[6]
- Wilhelm Dröscher, SPD politician (half-Jewish)[7]
- Kurt Eisner, Bavarian prime minister[8]
- Heinrich von Friedberg, jurist, statesman (converted to Christianity) [9]
- Karl Rudolf Friedenthal, Prussian politician [10]
- Clement Freud, German-born British MP[11]
- Gregor Gysi, leader of the Party of Democratic Socialism and The Left
- Alex Himelfarb, ambassador[12]
- Henry Kissinger, US Secretary of State, Nobel Prize (1973)[13]
- Ludwig Landmann, mayor of Frankfurt/Main[14]
- Eduard Lasker, co-founder of the National Liberal Party[1]
- Eugen Levine, Bavarian prime minister[15]
- Jutta Oesterle-Schwerin, Member of parliament, Green party, Feminist party[2]
- Eduard von Simson, President of the Reichstag, President of the Reichsgericht[16]
- Walter Rathenau, Foreign Minister of the Weimar Republic[3]
- Herbert Weichmann, mayor of Hamburg[17]
- Jeanette Wolff, West Berlin politician[18]
- Walter Wolfgang, German-born politician[19]
Activists
- Hedwig Dohm-Schleh, feminist, author[20]
- Nahum Goldmann, president of World Jewish Congress[21]
- Josel of Rosheim, court Jew & Jewish advocate[4]
- Paul Spiegel, leader of the Zentralrat der Juden[22]
Religious figures
Rabbis
- Immanuel Jakobovits, Chief Rabbi of Great Britain [23]
Reform
- Levi Herzfeld, 19th century proponent of moderate reform [24]
Scholars
- Moses Buttenweiser (1862–1939), Bible scholar[5]
- Immanuel Oscar Menahem Deutsch (1829–1873), Semitic scholar and orientalist[6]
- Marcus Kalisch, Biblical scholar [25]
- Arthur Liebert [26]
Other
- Ridley Haim Herschell, missionary[7]
- Joseph Wolff, missionary[8]
Scientific figures
Natural Scientists
- Adolf von Baeyer, industrial chemist, Nobel Prize (1905) (Jewish mother)[27]
- Norbert Berkowitz, physicist[28]
- Hans Bethe, nuclear physics, Nobel Prize (1967)[29]
- Sir Walter Bodmer, medical researcher[9]
- Max Born, quantum mechanics, Nobel Prize (1954)[30]
- Heinrich Caro, industrial chemist[31]
- Nikodem Caro, industrial chemist[32]
- Albert Einstein, theoretical physics, Nobel Prize (1921)[33]
- Erwin Finlay-Freundlich, astronomer[34]
- James Franck, quantum physics, Nobel Prize (1925)[35]
- Adolph Frank, industrial chemist[36]
- Herbert Fröhlich, physicist[37]
- Eugen Glueckauf, chemist, expert on atomic energy [38]
- Hans Goldschmidt, industrial chemist[39]
- Fritz Haber, developed the Haber process, Nobel Prize (1918)[40]
- Walter Heitler, chemist [41]
- Arthur Korn, physicist[42]
- Ernst Ising, statistical mechanics[43]
- Albert Ladenburg, chemist[10]
- Fritz London, quantum mechanics[11]
- Leonard Mandel, quantum optics[44]
- Kurt Mendelssohn, German-born British medical physicist[12]
- Viktor Meyer, organic chemist[45]
- Leonor Michaelis, biochemist[46]
- Albert Michelson, measured speed of light, Nobel Prize (1907) (Jewish father)[13][47]
- Ludwig Mond, chemist & industrialist[48]
- Sir Rudolf Peierls, solid state theory[49]
- Arno Penzias, co-discoverer of CMB, Nobel Prize (1978)[50]
- Alfred Philippson, geologist [51]
- John Charles Polanyi, chemist, Nobel Prize (born Berlin) [52]
- Ernst Pringsheim, spectrometry, black-body radiation[53]
- Michael Rossmann, physicist and microbiologist (Jewish mother)[54]; [55]
- Rudolf Schoenheimer, biochemist[56]
- Arthur Schuster, spectroscopist[57]
- Karl Schwarzschild, physicist & astronomer[58]
- Franz Simon, physicist, separation of Uranium 235[14]
- Jack Steinberger, particle physics, Nobel Prize (1988)[59]
- Otto Stern, experimental physicist, Nobel Prize (1943)[60]
- Otto Wallach, chemist, Nobel Prize (1910)[15]
- Richard Willstätter, chemist, Nobel Prize (1915)[61]
Physicians and Medical Researchers
- Adolph Baginsky, pediatrician, diphtheria researcher[62]
- Alfred Bielschowsky, ophthalmologist[63]
- Max Bielschowsky, neuropathologist[64]
- Konrad Bloch, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1964)[65]
- Marcus Elieser Bloch, physician[66]
- Gustav Born, professor of pharmacology[67]
- Edith Bulbring, Professor of pharmacy (Jewish mother)[68]
- Sir Ernst Chain, developed penicillin, Nobel Prize (1945)[69]
- Ferdinand Cohn, pioneer in microbiology[70]
- Julius Friedrich Cohnheim, pathologist[4]
- Paul Ehrlich, developed magic bullet concept, Nobel Prize (1908)[71]
- Arthur Eichengrün, possible inventor of aspirin[72]
- Wilhelm Feldberg, biologist[73]
- Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat, biochemist[74]
- Hermann Friedberg, physician[4]
- Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch, geneticist[75]
- Ernst Gräfenberg, obstetrician, the G-spot[76]
- Martin Gumpert, physician, writer[77]
- Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, physician[78]
- Sir Bernard Katz, biophysicist, Nobel Prize (1970)[79]
- Hans Kornberg, biochemist researcher[80]
- Hans Kosterlitz, discovered endorphins[81]
- Sir Hans Adolf Krebs, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953)[82]
- Fritz Lipmann, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953)[83]
- Jacques Loeb, physiologist[84]
- Otto Loewi, pharmacologist, Nobel Prize (1936)[85]
- Elisabeth Mann, biologist (Jewish mother)[16]
- Otto Meyerhof, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1922) (Jewish father)[86]
- Oskar Minkowski, physiologist[87]
- Albert Neisser, physician, discovered the cause of gonorrhea (Jewish father)[88]
- Emin Pasha, physician, naturalist, explorer[89]
- Nathanael Pringsheim, botanist[90]
- Ottomar Rosenbach, physician[4]
- Moritz Traube, biochemist[91]
- Carl Warburg, doctor of medicine and clinical pharmacologist.[17]
- Otto Heinrich Warburg, physiologist, Nobel Prize (1931) (Jewish father)[92]
- Karl Weigert, pathologist[93]
Mathematicians
- Felix Bernstein, set theory[94]
- Maurice Block, statistician [95]
- Richard Brauer, modular representation theory[96]
- Paul Cohn, algebraist[18]
- Richard Courant, mathematical analysis & applied mathematics[97]
- Max Dehn, topology[98]
- Paul Epstein, number theory[99]
- Adolf Fraenkel, set theory[100]
- Hans Freudenthal, algebraic topology[101]
- Felix Hausdorff, topology[102]
- Heinz Hopf, topology (Jewish father)[103]
- Adolf Hurwitz, mathematician[104]
- Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi, analysis[105]
- Leopold Kronecker, number theory[106]
- Edmund Landau, number theory[107]
- Rudolf Lipschitz, mathematician[108]
- Kurt Mahler, mathematician[109]
- Hermann Minkowski, geometrical theory of numbers[19]
- Claus Moser, Statistician [110]
- Leonard Nelson, mathematician, philosopher[111]
- Bernhard Neumann, mathematician[112]
- Emmy Noether, algebra & theoretical physics[113]
- Alfred Pringsheim, analysis, theory of functions[114]
- Richard Rado, combinatorics[115]
- Abraham Robinson, nonstandard analysis[116])[117]
- Arthur Moritz Schönflies, mathematician[118]
- Issai Schur, mathematician[119]
- Otto Toeplitz, linear algebra & functional analysis[120]
Technical Scientists
- Ralph Baer, inventor of the games console[121]
- Emile Berliner, inventor of the gramophone[122]
- Emanuel Goldberg (1881–1970, from Russia, but published in German), pioneered Microdots and microfilm retrieval technology[123]
- Julius Edgar Lilienfeld, electrical engineer[124]
- Siegfried Marcus, automobile pioneer[125]
- Michael O. Rabin, computer algorithms, Turing Award (1976)[126]
- Reinhold Rudenberg, electrical engineer and inventor, Reinhold Rudenberg
- Joseph Weizenbaum, AI critic, ELIZA[127]
Psychologists
- Karl Abraham, psychoanalyst[128]
- Rudolf Arnheim, perception theorist[129]
- Erik Erikson, developmental psychologist (Jewish mother)[130]
- Erich Fromm, psychologist & humanistic philosopher[131]
- Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, psychoanalyst[132]
- Kurt Goldstein, Gestalt-influenced neurologist[133]
- Max Hamilton, psychiatrist[20]
- Magnus Hirschfeld, sexologist[134]
- Kurt Koffka, Gestalt psychologist[135]
- Kurt Lewin, social psychologist[136]
- Hugo Münsterberg, industrial psychologist[137]
- Ulric Neisser, cognitive psychologist (Jewish father)[21]
- Erich Neumann, analytical psychologist[138]
- Fritz Perls, psychotherapist[139]
- Otto Selz, cognitive psychologist[140]
- William Stern, the Intelligence Quotient[141]
- Max Wertheimer, Gestalt psychologist[142]
Academic figures
Philosophers
- Theodor Adorno, philosopher (Jewish father)[143]
- Ernst Bloch, philosopher[144]
- Constantin Brunner, philosopher[145]
- Ernst Cassirer, philosopher[146]
- Hermann Cohen, philosopher[147]
- Friedrich Dessauer, philosopher[148]
- Max Dessoir, philosopher[149]
- Julius Frauenstädt, philosopher [150]
- Kurt Grelling, philosopher[151]
- Richard Hönigswald (Jewish father)[152]
- Max Horkheimer, philosopher & sociologist[153]
- Edmund Husserl, philosopher (converted to Christianity)[154]
- Hans Jonas, philosopher[155]
- Horace Kallen, philosopher[156]
- Adolf Lasson, philosopher[4]
- Theodor Lessing, philosopher, writer[157]
- Karl Löwith, philosopher[158]
- Salomon Maimon, philosopher[159]
- Fritz Mauthner, author & philosopher[160]
- Moses Mendelssohn, philosopher, scholar[161]
- Helmuth Plessner, philosopher (Jewish father)[162]
- Hans Reichenbach, philosopher (Jewish father)[163]
- Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy, philosopher (Jewish father)[164]
- Max Scheler, philosopher (Jewish mother)[22]
- Kurt Sternberg, philosopher[23]
- Richard Rudolf Walzer, philosopher (Jewish Year Book 1975 p214)
Economists
- Robert Aumann, Nobel Prize for Economics [165]
- Richard Ehrenberg, economist [166]
- Ludwig Lachmann, economist[24]
- Emil Lederer, economist[25]
- Robert Liefmann, economist[167]
- Adolph Lowe, economist[168]
- Rosa Luxemburg, economist, co-founder of the KPD[169]
- Fritz Naphtali, economist, editor, later Israeli finance minister[26]
- Sigbert Prais, economist (JYB 2005 p215)
- Reinhard Selten, Nobel prize [170] (1994)
- Hans Singer, economist[27]
Social Scientists
- Reinhard Bendix, sociologist[171]
- Eduard Bernstein, founder of evolutionary socialism[172]
- Franz Boas, cultural anthropologist[173]
- Lewis A. Coser, sociologist[174]
- Norbert Elias, sociologist[175]
- Amitai Etzioni, sociologist[176]
- Shelomo Dov Goitein, Arabist[177]
- Moses Hess, socialist[178]
- Eugene Kamenka, sociologist[179]
- Siegfried Kracauer, sociologist & film critic[180]
- Ferdinand Lassalle, founder of first German worker's party[181]
- Karl Mannheim, sociologist[182]
- Herbert Marcuse, sociologist, New Left figurehead[183]
- Karl Marx, founder of communism (parents converted to Protestantism)[184]
- Franz Oppenheimer, sociologist & economist[185]
- Leo Loewenthal, sociologist[186]
- Georg Simmel, sociologist[187]
- Georg Steindorff, egyptologist (Jewish father)[188]
- Jacob Taubes, theologist[189]
- Louis Wirth, sociologist[190]
Historians
- Ernst Bernheim, historian[28]
- Geoffrey Rudolph Elton (son of Wictor Ehrenberg) [191]
- Richard Ettinghausen, art historian[192]
- Henry Friedlander, historian[193]
- George W. F. Hallgarten, historian [194]
- Ernst Kantorowicz, historian of medieval political and intellectual history
- Richard Krautheimer, historian[195]
- Arno Lustiger, historian[196]
- Lothar Machtan [citation needed]
- Golo Mann, historian ((Jewish mother) [197]
- Hans Rothfels, historian[198]
- Fritz Stern, historian[199]
- Michael Wolffsohn, historian [200]
Jurists
- Hannah Arendt, political theorist[201]
- Jacob Friedrich Behrend, jurist[4]
- David Daube, Professor of Law[202]
- Heinrich Dernburg, jurist[203]
- Victor Ehrenberg, jurist[29]
- Hugo Haase, jurist[204]
- Sir Otto Kahn-Freund, Professor of Law[30]
- Hermann Kantorowicz, jurist[205]
- Walter Kaskel, jurist[206]
- Robert Kempner, jurist
- Paul Laband, jurist, b. Breslau[31]
- Otto Lenel, jurist[207]
- Franz Neumann, legal theorist[208]
- Arthur Nussbaum, jurist[209]
- Joseph Süss Oppenheimer, financial planner & court Jew[4]
- Gabriel Riesser, deputy speaker of Frankfurt Assembly in 1848, first Jewish judge in Hamburg[210]
- Rudolf Schlesinger, jurist[211]
- Georg Schwarzenberger, jurist [212]
- Hugo Sinzheimer, legal scholar[213]
- Sigmund Zeisler, jurist[214]
Linguists and philologists
- Paulus Aemilius, professor of Hebrew[215]
- Theodor Benfey, linguist (Jewish father)[216]
- Eduard Fraenkel, philologist[32]
- Wilhelm Freund, philologist [217]
- Ludwig Friedländer, philologist [218]
- Julius Fürst, orientalist[219]
- Theodor Goldstücker, linguist[220]
- Moshe Goshen-Gottstein, linguist[33]
- Victor Klemperer, linguist & diarist[221]
- Siegbert Salomon Prawer, Professor of German[34]
- Chaim Menachem Rabin, linguist[35]
- Edward Sapir, anthropologist-linguist[222]
- Ernest Simon, professor of Chinese[36]
- Heymann Steinthal, linguist[223]
Educationalists
- Lewis Elton, educationalist [224]
- Kurt Hahn,[37] educationalist
Showbusiness
- Hugo Egon Balder, comedian, producer (Jewish mother)[225],
- Ludwig Berger, director[226]
- Lotte Berk, dancer and health guru[38]
- Kurt Bernhardt, director[39]
- Artur Brauner, film producer[227]
- Friedrich Dalsheim, director [228]
- Michael Degen, actor[229]
- Ernst Dohm, actor, editor[230]
- Hedwig Dohm-Pringsheim, actress[231]
- E.A. Dupont, director [232]
- Michel Friedman, TV personality[233]
- Kurt Gerron, stage actor & film director[234]
- Dora Gerson, actress, cabaret singer[235]
- Therese Giehse, actress Pepermill[236]
- Lou Jacobs, clown[237]
- Ludwig Karl Koch, broadcaster and sound recordist[40]
- Carl Laemmle, film producer[238]
- Ernst Lubitsch, director[239]
- Richard Oswald, director[240]
- Ferdinand Eduard Pahnecke, actor[241]
- Lilli Palmer, actress[242]
- Hans Rosenthal, one of Germany's most popular TV personalities in history[243]
- Susan Sideropoulos, actress [244]
- Robert Siodmak, director[245]
- Ruth Westheimer, sex therapist[246]
- Konrad Wolf, film director[41]
- Peter Zadek, theatre director[42]
Musicians
- Samuel Adler, composer[247]
- Haim Alexander, composer[248]
- Tzvi Avni, composer[249]
- Paul Ben-Haim, composer[250]
- Julius Benedict, composer [251]
- Herman Berlinski, American composer, organist, pianist, musicologist and choir conductor[43]
- Wolf Biermann, singer/songwriter (Jewish father)[252]
- Yehezkel Braun, Israeli composer[253]
- Manfred Bukofzer, musicologist[254]
- Paul Dessau, composer[44]
- Abel Ehrlich, Israeli composer[255]
- Alfred Einstein, musicologist[45]
- Hanns Eisler, German-born composer (Jewish father)[256]
- Lukas Foss, composer & conductor[257]
- Alexander Goehr, composer[46]
- Walter Goehr, conductor[258]
- Berthold Goldschmidt, composer[47]
- Bernard Greenhouse, cellist[259]
- George Henschel, singer & conductor[260]
- Alfred Hertz, conductor[261]
- André Herzberg, musician (Pankow) [262]
- Gerard Hoffnung, musicologist [263]
- Friedrich Holländer, composer[264]
- Salomon Jadassohn, composer[265]
- Leon Jessel, composer[266]
- Robert Kahn, composer[267]
- Otto Klemperer, conductor[268]
- Robert Lachmann, musicologist[269]
- Ludwig Lenel, organist and composer
- Hermann Levi, conductor[48]
- Alfred Lion & Frank Wulff, founders of Blue Note Records[270]
- Edward Lowinsky, musicologist[49]
- Michael Mann, musician (Jewish mother)[271]
- Arnold Mendelssohn, organist[272]
- Felix Mendelssohn, composer & conductor (Jewish ancestry but raised Lutheran)[273]
- Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, composer[274]
- Giacomo Meyerbeer, composer[50]
- Ben-Zion Orgad, Israeli composer[275]
- Menahem Pressler, pianist[276]
- André Previn, conductor[51]
- Franz Reizenstein, pianist, composer[277]
- Curt Sachs, musicologist, co-founder of modern organology[278]
- Kurt Sanderling, conductor[279]
- Adolf Martin Schlesinger, music publisher [280]
- Heinrich Sontheim, tenor [281]
- William Steinberg, conductor[282]
- Erich Walter Sternberg, composer[52]
- Josef Tal, composer[283]
- Ilia Trilling, synagogue composer[284]
- Ignatz Waghalter, composer & conductor[285]
- Bruno Walter, conductor (Jewish father)[286]
- Franz Waxman, film composer[287]
- Kurt Weill, composer[288]
- Indira Weiss, singer & actress[289]
- Stefan Wolpe, composer[290]
- Alec Empire, member of Atari Teenage Riot[291]
- Hilde Zadek, soprano[292]
Artists
- Anni Albers, textile designer[293]
- Frank Auerbach, painter[294]
- Eduard Bendemann, painter[4]
- Martin Bloch, British painter[295]
- Erwin Blumenfeld, photographer[296]
- Alfred Eisenstaedt, photographer[297]
- Benno Elkan, sculptor[53]
- James Ingo Freed, architect[298]
- Gisèle Freund, photographer[299]
- Eva Hesse, materials artist[300]
- Erich Kahn, painter, expressionist[301]
- Eugen Kaufmann, architect[302]
- Hugo Lederer (1871–1940) sculptor[54]
- Max Liebermann, painter[303]
- Wilhelm Löwith, artist[304]
- Peter Max, pop artist[305]
- Ludwig Meidner, painter[306]
- Erich Mendelsohn, architect[307]
- Helmut Newton, photographer (Jewish father)[308]
- Felix Nussbaum, painter[309]
- Meret Oppenheim, surrealist[310]
- Erwin Panofsky, art historian[311]
- Hans Schleger, designer[312]
- Charlotte Salomon, artist[313]
- Erich Salomon, news photographer[314]
- Victor Weisz, Vicky, cartoonist[55]
Writers
- Erich Auerbach, literature critic[315]
- Julius Bab, dramatist and theater critic[56]
- Jurek Becker, writer[316]
- Maxim Biller, writer[317]
- Ludwig Börne, satirist[318]
- Otto Brahm, literary critic[319]
- Henryk Broder, journalist[320]
- Walter Benjamin, literary critic & philosopher[321]
- Emil Carlebach, writer, dissident[322]
- Joseph Derenbourg, orientalist, father of Hartwig Derenbourg[323]
- Hilde Domin, poet[324]
- Lion Feuchtwanger, novelist[325]
- Hubert Fichte, author (Jewish father)[326]
- Anne Frank, diarist[327]
- Karen Gershon, poet (1923–1993) [328]
- Friedrich Gundolf, literary man[329]
- Glückel of Hameln, 18th-century Yiddish diarist[330]
- Maximilian Harden, journalists[331]
- Heinrich Heine, poet[57] (converted to Protestantism for job prospects)
- Stefan Heym, novelist, politician[332]
- Wolfgang Hildesheimer[333]
- Edgar Hilsenrath, novelist[334]
- Barbara Honigmann, writer[335]
- Heinrich Eduard Jacob, writer and journalist[58]
- Siegfried Jacobsohn, journalist and theater critic[336]
- Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, novelist and screenwriter[337]
- Wladimir Kaminer, short story writer[338]
- Judith Kerr, children's writer[339]
- Victor Klemperer, writer[59]
- Else Lasker-Schüler, writer, poet & artist[340] (converted to Protestantism for job prospects)
- Claire Loewenfeld, writer and herbalist.[60]
- Gila Lustiger, author[341]
- Erika Mann, writer, actress (Jewish mother)[342]
- Klaus Mann, writer (Jewish mother)[343]
- Monika Mann, writer (Jewish mother)[344]
- Julius Mosen, born Moses [345]
- Erich Mühsam, anarchist poet[346]
- Henning Pawel, child-book author, writer.[347]
- Solomon Perel, author[348]
- Marcel Reich-Ranicki, literary critic[61]
- H. A. Rey & Margret Rey, creators of Curious George[349]
- Renate Rubinstein (Jewish father)[350]
- Nelly Sachs, poet, Nobel Prize (1966)[351]
- Anna Seghers, novelist[352]
- Oskar Seidlin, writer [353]
- Rafael Seligmann, writer[354]
- Süßkind von Trimberg, middle age writer, minnesinger[355]
- Kurt Tucholsky, writer (converted to Protestantism)[356]
- Samuel Ullman, poet [357]
- Rahel Varnhagen, writer and saloniste (converted to Christianity)[62]
- Moritz Callmann Wahl[4]
- Jakob Wassermann, novelist[358]
- Trude Weiss-Rosmarin[63]
- Jeanette Wohl[359]
- Friedrich Wolf, writer, physician[360]
- Carl Zuckmayer, playwright (Jewish mother)[361]
- Arnold Zweig, writer[362]
- Stefanie Zweig, novelist[363]
Entrepreneurs
- See also Court Jews
- Alfred Beit, financier[30]
- Sir Ernest Cassel, banker[64]
- Maurice de Hirsch, banker[65]
- Sir Robert Mayer, German-born businessman and philanthropist [364]
- Stef Wertheimer [365] "77 year old German-born Stef Wertheimer"
- Hugo Reiss
- Abraham Kuhn[66] and Solomon Loeb, founders of Kuhn, Loeb & Co.
- Gustav Wilhelm Wolff, founder of Harland and Wolff[366]
Sports
- Rudi Ball, ice hockey player, right wing, Olympic bronze, world runner-up, bronze[367]
- Gretel Bergmann, high jumper[368]
- Hans Berliner, world postal chess champion[369]
- Barney Dreyfuss, co-founder of the World Series[370]
- Alfred Flatow, 3x Olympic gymnastics champion (parallel bars, team parallel bars, team horizontal bar), silver (horizontal bar)
- Gustav Felix Flatow, 2x Olympic gymnastics champion (team parallel bars, team horizontal bar)
- Gottfried Fuchs, soccer player, (German national team)[371]
- Ludwig Guttmann, founder of the Paralympics[372]
- Lilli Henoch, world records (discus, shot put, and 4x100-m relay); shot by the Nazis in Latvia
- Bernhard Horwitz, chess player[373]
- Herbert Klein, swimmer, Olympic bronze (200-m breaststroke); 3 world records
- Emanuel Lasker, world chess champion[374]
- Henry Laskau, racewalker, won 42 national titles; Pan American champion; 4x Maccabiah champion
- Helene Mayer, foil fencer (Jewish father), Olympic champion[375]
- Sarah Poewe, swimmer (Jewish mother), Olympic bronze (4x100 medley relay)[376]
- Daniel Prenn, tennis player, highest world ranking # 6[377]
- Siegbert Tarrasch, chess player[378]
Literature
- Walter Tetzlaff, ed. "2000 Kurzbiographien bedeutender deutscher Juden des 20. Jahrhunderts" (Lindhorst: Askania, 1982).
See also
- History of the Jews in Germany
- List of Austrians
- List of Austrian Jews
- List of Czech, Bohemian, Moravian and Slovak Jews
- List of Germans
- List of Galician Jews
- Lists of Jews
References
- ^ Eduard Lasker: Ein Leben für den Rechtsstaat by Adolf Laufs, German Studies Review, Vol. 9, No. 3. (Oct., 1986), pp. 651-652
- ^ Germany's Greens and Israel: "The Theme is too Much" by Diana Johnstone, MERIP Middle East Report, No. 149, Human Rights in the Middle East. (Nov. - Dec., 1987), pp. 44-45
- ^ Walter Rathenau: Industrialist, Banker, Intellectual, and Politician; Notes and Diaries 1907-1922 by Von Strandmann
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, [1]
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911 ed.
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Prussian Poland of Jewish parents"
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born of Jewish parents"
- ^ Radio National Australia interview with Sir Walter: "I’m half Ashkenazy Jewish myself" Accessed 21 Feb 2007
- ^ Dr. Leopold Ladenburg: "Stammtafel der Familie Ladenburg", Verlag J. Ph. Walther, Mannheim 1882
- ^ Fritz London: A Scientific Biography by Kostas Gavroglu
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica 13:492
- ^ The master of light;: A biography of Albert A. Michelson by Dorothy Michelson Livingston, 1973
- ^ (Encyclopaedia Judaica, 14:1578)
- ^ British Jewish Year Book 2005 p.215 (list of Jewish Nobel Prize winners); Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. "Wallach, Otto"; [2]; however Otto Wallach 1847-1931. Chemiker und Nobelpreisträger by Gunther Beer, Pg 11 disagrees
- ^ [3] "he married Katia Pringsheim, daughter of a well-known Jewish family of intellectuals. They had six children: Klaus, Erika, Golo, Monika, Elisabeth and Michael"
- ^ Friedenwald, H. (1946), Jewish Luminaries in Medical History
- ^ Obituary in The Times "he was born in Hamburg in 1924 to Jewish parents" Accessed 9 July 2008.
- ^ Contemporary Authors V 162 By Rooney, Scot Peacock, Pg 169
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "the son of Jewish parents"
- ^ Encyclopedia Judaica (Keter, Jerusalem, 1972, vol. 12, p. 945)
- ^ Max Scheler, 1874-1928: An Intellectual Portrait by John Raphael Staude
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica art. Sternberg, Kurt
- ^ Hayek's Challenge: An Intellectual Biography of F. A. Hayek - Pg 145
- ^ JInfo list of economists accessed 17 May 2007
- ^ Riemer, Yehuda. Fritz Peretz Naphtali, A Social Democrat in Two Worlds. Hassifriya Haziyonit, Jerusalem 1996
- ^ (The Economist, March 11th 2006, p95: "born a Jew")
- ^ Irene Blechle, Entdecker der Hochschulpädagogik. Die Universitätsreformer Ernst Bernheim und Hans Schmidkunz. Shaker Verlag, Aachen 2002, ISBN 3-8265-9943-8
- ^ Personal Memoirs by Victor Ehrenberg, Privately Published, 1971
- ^ a b British Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica art. Laband, Paul
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "An unbaptized Jew"
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Goshen-Gottstein, Moshe; "born in Berlin"
- ^ Jewish Year Book 2005 p215
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Rabin, Chaim Menachem; "born in Giessen, Germany"
- ^ (British Jewish Year Book 1980 p183)
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Berlin of Jewish parents"
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "the only daughter of Jewish parents"
- ^ Patrick McGilligan, Fritz Lang: The Nature of the Beast, St. Martin's Press: New York (1997), page 172
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "Being a Jew, Koch's life under the Nazi regime became increasingly intolerable"
- ^ Remembering History: The Filmmaker Konrad Wolf by Marc Silberman, New German Critique, No. 49, Special Issue on Alexander Kluge. (Winter, 1990), pp. 163-191
- ^ Theatre Reviews: Opposites by Wilhelm Hortmann, Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 4. (Winter, 1982), pp. 513-515
- ^ http://www.jtsa.edu/x5853.xml
- ^ Fritz Hennenberg: Paul Dessau. Eine Biographie
- ^ Alfred Einstein on Music: Selected Music Criticisms by Catherine Dower
- ^ Jewish Chronicle, July 13, 2001 p.25 "two Jewish composers, Alexander Goehr and Robert Saxton"
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "His was a cultured, musical Jewish family"
- ^ "Hermann Levi's shame and Parsifal's guilt" by Laurence Dreyfus
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica art. Lowinsky, Edward
- ^ Giacomo Meyerbeer, 1791-1864 by Martin Cooper
- ^ "Andre Previn - MSN Encarta". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Music in the Jewish Community of Palestine 1880-1948: A Social History by Jehoash Hirshberg
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born at Dortmund of Jewish parentage"
- ^ International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies - Cemetery Project: he is buried in the Jewish cemetery in Znojmo, Czech Republic; accessed 18 May 2007
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Germany of Hungarian Jewish parents"
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica art. Bab, Julius
- ^ "Heinrich Heine, 'Blackguard' and 'Apostate': A Study of the Earliest Attitude Towards Him" by Sol Liptzin
- ^ The Gabriele Killert & Richard Schroetter: Obligation destruction fixes. The forgotten Jewish writer Heinrich Eduard Jacob; in: "new inhabitants of zurich newspaper" (boarding school Expenditure), NR. 78. Zurich, 5./6. April 1997, S. 50.
- ^ The Lesser Evil: The Diaries of Victor Klemperer 1945-1959
- ^ Pincus, Lily Verloren, gewonnen: Mein Weg von Berlin nach London, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1980
- ^ Author of Himself, The ... The Life of Marcel Reich-Ranicki
- ^ Rahel Varnhagen The Life of a Jewish Woman by Hannah Arendt
- ^ Hymen, E. Paula & Dash Moore, Deborah. (eds) (1997) Jewish Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia. Routledge, ISBN 0-415-91934-7 (pp. 1463-1465)
- ^ K. Grunwald, ‘Windsor Cassel: the last court Jew’, Yearbook of the Leo Baeck Institute, 14 (1969), 119–61
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "born on 9 December 1831 in Munich ... His grandfather Jacob had established the family as one of the first Jewish families to acquire great wealth and social acceptability in Bavaria ... His mother came from an Orthodox Frankfurt family and ensured that the children were properly instructed in Jewish matters."
- ^ Charles R. Geisst, The last partnerships: inside the great Wall Street money dynasties, p55