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List of hooligan firms

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A football firm is an organized gang – mostly supporting a football club – that engage in fights with firms supporting other clubs. The fights mostly take place far away from the football grounds to make it as hard as possible for police and other law enforcement to interrupt. Football firm violence has in many countries replaced the more unorganized violence related to sports, though in the public eye both forms of violence are considered hooliganism.

Clothing

Main article: Casuals

To avoid attracting the attention of police, many UK hooligans began to wear expensive European designer clothing in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Designers popular with UK football firms include, Aquascutum, Burberry, Lacoste and many others. A BBC investigation in 2002 suggested that the most popular label of them all at the time, was Stone Island.

The culture revolving around the clothing style became known as Casual, and the wearers of designer clothing became known as Casuals.

UK football firms

England/Wales

Scotland


German football firms


Other football firms

Various teams from former Yugoslavia have strong and organized hooligan elements amongst its factions of fans. Many Greek and Turkish teams have also powerful elements of hooliganism amongst its fans. Polish hooligans (called szalikowcy, pseudokibice, or kibole) are likewise very strong. In Spanish-speaking countries hooligans are known as barras bravas ("wild gangs"), and they are particularly strong in South America and Mexico.

In Ireland the hooligan firm movement has increased rapidly with the setting up several violent hooligan firms such as U.C.D's "The Educators", Dublin City's "Viking Killaz" and Galway United's "GVF" (Galway Volunteer Force). In one famous altercation between the Viking Killaz and GVF a local army regiment had to be called in to break up the two groups.

Argentina

Austria

Belarus

Belgium

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Brazil

In Brazil, the football firms usually are not restricted to the home states of the football teams they represent. It is common for a football firm to have members in many states. Such firms are usually subdivided in minor groups with a common firm name (thus preserving the identity of the overall firm) e.g: The Jovem Fla is divided into "Pelotões" (Platoons), the Furia Jovem into "Canis" (Kennels) Young Flu into "Núcleos" (Centers) and Força Jovem into "Familias" (Families). These subdivisions are numbered and each region has its own subdivision.

Bulgaria

Chile

Colombia

Croatia

Cyprus

  • APOEL FC - Orange fans, APOEL Ultras, Portokali, Pirates

Denmark

Finland

France

  • Paris SG - Commando Pirate, Army Korps, Casual Firm
  • OGC Nice - Brigade Sud de Nice BSN

Greece

Israel

The Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Russia

Serbia and Montenegro

  • FK Borac Cacak - Vojvode Cacak, Cete Cacak
  • Partizan - Juzni front, Grobari 1970, Grobari Beograd, Grobari Srbija, Young Boys, Alcatraz, Shadows, Stoka
  • Red Star - Delije Sever, Belgrade Boys, Ultras, Heroes, Ultra Boys, Brigate
  • Rad - United Force, Nucleo, Gvozdeni odred,
  • Zemun - Taurunum Boys, Boys '95
  • Vojvodina - Red Firm, Firma, Stara Garda
  • OFK Beograd- Blue Union Belgrade
  • Radnicki Nis - Meraklije, WSCF (West Stand Casual Firm)

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland


Greece and gate references

In Greece, to try and control hooligans, radical fans were forced into closed-up sections of the stadiums which they had to enter from their own gate. Therefore, most Greek club Ultra groups are known by the gate through which they enter. Somes examples are Olympiakos: its main Ultra group is known as 'Gate 7', Panathinaikos: main Ultra 'Gate 13' and AEK: Which has two Ultra groups with Gate references, 'Orginial 21' and 'Gate 21'.There is also PAOK Thessaloniki's Gate 4.

Relations with extreme political groups

Football firms, especially southern and eastern European firms, are often linked with extreme right political groups. The firms of the following teams are well-known for their relations with extreme right political groups: Chelsea (Headhunters) (although Chelsea's most famous hooligan 'One-Armed Babs' was mixed-race), Rangers (Inter City Firm), Oldham Athletic (Fine Young Casuals), Real Madrid (Ultras Sur), Lazio (Curva Nord) and Berlin club BFC Dynamo Berlin (Koma Kolonne).

Other firms are known for their multicultural make-up, like the firms of Arsenal (Gooners), Tottenham Hotspur (N17s, Yidd0s), West Ham United (Inter City Firm), Ajax Amsterdam (F-Side) and Feyenoord Rotterdam (SCF). In the past there have been some occasions where Feyenoord supporters have shown up at demonstrations and get togethers of Neo Nazi groups to invoke clashes. In Minsk, Belarus, one of the popular footbal teams, FC MTZ-RIPO, draws its support from antifa groups.

See also

Media

Football hooliganism has been in the media for years. Films such as "the firm" and "Green Street Hooligans" (which features arguably two of the most famous "firms" West Ham's Inter City Firm (ICF)and Millwall's The Treatment).

Also Books including "Football Factory" are believed to glamorise Football hooliganism.

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