Cannabis consumption
Weed is good for you. It is alot safer than tobacco and booze. Many people smoke it to calm themselves. Weed is the best thing out there and you should smoke it whenever you can.Among the variety of ways cannabis is consumed, most are some form of smoking or oral consumption. Cannabis is unique in holding psychoactive effects that ranges from and that can be any combination of hallucinogenic, stimulant and depressant qualities. It is said that each method is to have subtly different psychoactive effects due to the THC and other chemicals being activated, and then consumed through different administration routes. It is generally considered that smoking, which includes combustion toxins, produces a somewhat more relaxing ('stoning') effect, whilst vapourising and eating tend to be both more intense and subjectively more cerebral in effects.[citation needed]
Smoking
Cannabis can be vaporized or smoked with implements such as bongs and pipes —if needed, a makeshift pipe can be created out of an apple or soda can— or by rolling a cigarette-like joint or cigar-like blunt.
Local methods have differed by the preparation of the cannabis plant before use, the parts of the cannabis plant which are used, and the treatment of the smoke before inhalation. In early times, as in some parts of Africa today, a pile of cannabis was simply laid on a fire and the smoke inhaled.[1]
Vaporization
28. Insert cannabis, other herbs or essential oils here
36. Flame filter prevents flame from igniting herb which instead is heated to vaporization temperature.
A vaporizer heats herbal cannabis to 185–210 °C (365–410 °F), which causes the active ingredients to evaporate into a gas without burning any plant material (the boiling point of THC is 157 °C (315 °F).[2][3] A lower proportion of carbon monoxide and other toxic chemicals is released than by smoking, although this may vary depending on the design of the vaporizer and the temperature at which it is set. A MAPS-NORML study using a Volcano vaporizer reported 95% THC and no toxins delivered in the vapor.[4] An older study using less sophisticated vaporizers found some toxins.[5]
Most portable vaporizers are for liquids, not concentrates and require a cartridge that has to be filled. Recently, Trippy Stix, a portable pen vaporizer company, launched the first ever no-cartridge vaporizer. [6]
Oral consumption
As an alternative to smoking, cannabis may be consumed orally. However, the cannabis or its extract must be sufficiently heated or dehydrated to cause decarboxylation of its most abundant cannabinoid, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, into psychoactive THC.[7]
Food
Although hashish is sometimes eaten raw or mixed with water, THC and other cannabinoids are more efficiently absorbed into the bloodstream when combined with butter and other lipids or, less so, dissolved in ethanol.[citation needed] The time to onset of effects depends strongly on stomach content, but is usually 1 to 2 hours, and may continue for a considerable length of time, whereas the effects of smoking or vaporizing cannabis are almost immediate, lasting a shorter length of time.[8]
Smoking cannabis results in a significant loss of THC and other cannabinoids through exhaled or non-inhaled smoke. In contrast, all of the active constituents enter the body when cannabis is consumed orally. It has been shown that the primary active component of cannabis, Δ9-THC, is converted to the more psychoactive 11-hydroxy-THC by the liver.[9] Titration to the desired effect by ingestion is more difficult than through inhalation, due to the long onset time for the effects.(citation needed)
Drink
Cannabis material can be leached in high-proof spirits (often grain alcohol) to create a “Green Dragon”. This process is often employed to make use of low-potency stems and leaves.[citation needed]
Cannabis can also be consumed as a cannabis tea. Although THC is lipophilic and only slightly water soluble (with a solubility of 2.8 mg per liter),[10] enough THC can be dissolved to make a mildly psychoactive tea. However, water-based infusions are generally considered to be an inefficient use of the herb.[11]
Fungi
To kill potentially dangerous Aspergillus and other microorganisms, researchers "Levitz and Diamond (1991) suggested baking marijuana in home ovens at 150 °C (302 °F), for five minutes before smoking. Oven treatment killed conidia of A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and did not degrade the active component of marijuana, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)." However neither this nor some other suggested sterilization methods degrade microbial antigens or decompose the microbial toxins. Note that many cannabinoids evaporate below 150 °C (302 °F).[12]
See also
References
- ^ "Cannabis Vault : Spiritual Use #2". erowid.org.
- ^ "Cannabis and Cannabis Extracts: Greater Than the Sum of Their Parts?" (PDF). haworthpress.com. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
- ^ 1989. The Merck Index, 11th ed., Merck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey
- ^ Gieringer, Dale H. (2004). "Cannabis Vaporizer Combines Efficient Delivery of THC with Effective Suppression of Pyrolytic Compounds" (PDF). Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics. 4 (1): 7–27. doi:10.1300/J175v04n01_02. Retrieved 2006-04-21.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|quotes=and|month=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Gieringer, Dale. "Marijuana Water Pipe and Vaporizer Study". Retrieved 2006-04-21.
- ^ "Trippy Stix". Retrieved 11 October 2012.
- ^ "Does marijuana have to be heated to become psychoactive?". Cannabisculture.com. 2003-01-02. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
- ^ "Erowid Cannabis (Marijuana) Vault : Effects". Retrieved 28 April 2012.
- ^ Paulo Borini; Romeu Cardoso Guimarães; Sabrina Bicalho Borini (2004). "Possible hepatotoxicity of chronic marijuana usage". Sao Paulo Medical Journal. 122 (3): 120–3. doi:10.1590/S1516-31802004000300007. PMID 15448809. Retrieved 2006-05-02.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Template:ChemID
- ^ Leslie Iversen (2003-04-08). "Cannabis and the brain. Invited review Brain". Brain. 126 (6). Brain – Oxford Journals: 1252–1270. doi:10.1093/brain/awg143. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
- ^ "Microbiological contaminants of marijuana". hempfood.com. Retrieved 2008-06-22.
External links
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