Cannabis () is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae. The number of species within the genus is disputed. Three species may be recognized: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis; C. ruderalis may be included within C. sativa; all three may be treated as subspecies of a single species, C. sativa; or C. sativa may be accepted as a single undivided species. The genus is widely accepted as being indigenous to and originating from Asia.
The plant is also known as hemp, although this term is often used to refer only to varieties of Cannabis cultivated for non-drug use. Cannabis has long been used for hemp fibre, hemp seeds and their oils, hemp leaves for use as vegetables and as juice, medicinal purposes, and as a recreational drug. Industrial hemp products are made from cannabis plants selected to produce an abundance of fiber. To satisfy the UN Narcotics Convention, some cannabis strains have been bred to produce minimal levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive constituent. Some strains have been selectively bred to produce a maximum of THC (a cannabinoid), the strength of which is enhanced by curing the fruits. Various compounds, including hashish and hash oil, are extracted from the plant.
In the US, "industrial hemp" is classified by the federal government as cannabis containing no more than 0.3% THC by dry weight. This classification was established in the 2018 Farm Bill and was refined to include hemp-sourced extracts, cannabinoids, and derivatives in the definition of hemp. (Full article...)
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis and one of at least 113 total cannabinoids identified in the plant. Although the chemical formula for THC (C21H30O2) describes multiple isomers, the term THC usually refers to the Delta-9-THC isomer with chemical name (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Like most pharmacologically active secondary metabolites of plants, THC is a lipid found in cannabis, assumed to be involved in the plant's evolutionary adaptation, putatively against insect predation, ultraviolet light, and environmental stress.
THC, along with its double bond isomers and their stereoisomers, is one of only three cannabinoids scheduled by the UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances (the other two are dimethylheptylpyran and parahexyl). It was listed under Schedule I in 1971, but reclassified to Schedule II in 1991 following a recommendation from the WHO. Based on subsequent studies, the WHO has recommended the reclassification to the less-stringent Schedule III. Cannabis as a plant is scheduled by the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (Schedule I and IV). It is specifically still listed under Schedule I by US federal law under the Controlled Substances Act for having "no accepted medical use" and "lack of accepted safety". However, dronabinol, a pharmaceutical form of THC, has been approved by the FDA as an appetite stimulant for people with AIDS and an antiemetic for people receiving chemotherapy under the trade names Marinol and Syndros. The pharmaceutical formulation dronabinol is an oily and viscous resin provided in capsules available by prescription in the United States, Canada, Germany, and New Zealand. ( Full article...)
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Joint is a slang term for a cigarette rolled using cannabis. Rolling papers are the most common rolling medium in industrialized countries; however, brown paper, cigarettes with the tobacco removed, beedis with the tobacco removed, tracing paper, ATM receipts and newspaper are commonly used in some developing countries, and by poorer smokers in first world countries. Modern papers are now made in a range of sizes from a wide variety of materials including rice, hemp, and flax, and are also available in flavored varieties. A joint can vary in size, typically containing between 0.25 to 1 grams net weight of cannabis (joints have been rolled with 2 or more pounds but this is not a common practice) (depending on whether tobacco is used in the rolling process).
The following are images from various cannabis-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1Hulled hemp seeds (from Hemp)
Image 3The variety of appearances for cannabis. Only C. sativa (left) is suited for industrial hemp, but it also has medicinal varieties. (from Hemp)
Image 4A dried bud, typical of what is sold for recreational use
Image 8Hemp and bead jewelry (from Hemp)
Image 11Whole hemp seeds (from Hemp)
Image 13Hemp rope (from Hemp)
Image 15Relative size of varieties of Cannabis (from Cannabis)
Image 17Hemp seed (from Hemp)
Image 18Hemp being grown in Oregon in 2020 (from Hemp)
Image 20Harvesting hemp in the USSR, 1956 (from Hemp)
Image 21Dried hemp stalks displayed at the International Hemp Fair in Vienna (from Hemp)
Image 23Cannabis as illustrated in Köhler's Book of Medicinal Plants, 1897 (from Medical cannabis)
Image 25The Ebers Papyrus (c. 1550 BCE) from Ancient Egypt has a prescription for medical marijuana applied directly for inflammation. (from Medical cannabis)
Image 26A male hemp plant (from Cannabis)
Image 28A macro image of hemp seeds (from Hemp)
Image 29Dense raceme of female flowers typical of drug-type varieties of Cannabis (from Cannabis)
Image 30Comparison of physical harm and dependence regarding various drugs (from Cannabis)
Image 33Commercial cannabis extract (from Cannabis)
Image 34Cannabis sativa stem longitudinal section (from Cannabis)
Image 36Top of Cannabis plant in vegetative growth stage (from Cannabis)
Image 38Illustrating various forms of medicinal cannabis (from Medical cannabis)
Image 39An advertisement for cannabis americana distributed by a pharmacist in New York in 1917 (from Medical cannabis)
Image 40Male Cannabis flower buds (from Cannabis)
Image 44Cannabis indica fluid extract, American Druggists Syndicate, pre-1937 (from Medical cannabis)
Image 47Evolution of cultivated cannabis strains. The cultivar, Cannabis ruderalis, still grows wild today. (from Medical cannabis)
Image 50Hemp straw animal bedding (from Hemp)
Image 51The use of cannabis, at least as fiber, has been shown to go back at least 10,000 years in Taiwan. "Dà má" (Pinyin pronunciation) is the Chinese expression for cannabis, the first character meaning "big" and the second character meaning "hemp". (from Medical cannabis)
Image 52Cannabis indica fluid extract, American Druggists Syndicate, pre-1937 (from History of cannabis)
Image 54Biodiesel sample (from Hemp)
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When you smoke the herb, it reveals you to yourself.
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