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Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
Foxconn
Company typePublic
TWSE: 2317
SEHK: 2038
LSE: HHPD
IndustryElectronics
Founded1974
FounderTerry Guo
Headquarters
Tucheng District, New Taipei
,
Taiwan
Area served
Global
Key people
Terry Guo
(Chairman and President)
ProductsElectronics, electronic components
ServicesElectronics manufacturing services
RevenueIncrease NT$3.452 trillion (2011)[1]
Increase NT$82.84 billion (2011)[1]
Increase NT$81.59 billion (2011)[1]
Total assetsIncrease NT$1.730 trillion (2011)[1]
Total equityIncrease NT$615.0 billion (2011)[1]
Number of employees
1.23 million (2012)[2]
Websitefoxconn.com
Foxconn
Traditional Chinese鴻海精密工業股份有限公司
Simplified Chinese鸿海精密工业股份有限公司
Literal meaningHon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinHónghǎi Jīngmì Gōngyè Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàngōngsī
Trading name
Traditional Chinese富士康科技集團
Simplified Chinese富士康科技集团
Literal meaningFoxconn Technology Group
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinFùshìkāng Kējì Jítuán

Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd., trading as Foxconn Technology Group, is a Taiwanese multinational electronics contract manufacturing company headquartered in Tucheng, New Taipei, Taiwan. It is the world's largest electronics contract manufacturer and Hon Hai Precision group as a whole manufacture more than 40% of world's electronic products,[3][4] and the fourth-largest information technology company by revenue.[5]

Foxconn is primarily an original design manufacturer and its clients include major American, European, and Japanese electronics and information technology companies. Notable products that the company manufactures include the BlackBerry,[6] iPad,[7] iPhone,[8] iPod,[8] Kindle,[9] Xbox One, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3,[10] Playstation 4, Wii, and Wii U.[11]

Foxconn has been involved in several controversies relating to how it manages employees in China, although reports are to some extent conflicting.[12]

History

Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. was founded in 1974 by Terry Guo as a manufacturer of electrical components (notably electrical connectors for computer components,[8] which found use in the Atari 2600).[13] Foxconn was originally a trade name of Hon Hai and a subsidiary later received the name.[8] Hon Hai's first manufacturing plant in mainland China opened in Longhua, Shenzhen, in 1988.[8]

In 2001 Intel concentrated on its core competency of chip making and began using Chinese contract manufacturers such as Foxconn to make Intel-branded motherboards.[14]

In November 2007 Foxconn announced plans to build a new US$500 million plant in Huizhou, Southern China.[15]

In March 2012 Foxconn agreed to acquire a 10 percent stake in the Japanese electronics company Sharp Corporation for US$806 million and to purchase up to 50 percent of the LCD displays produced at Sharp's plant in Sakai, Japan.[16]

In January 2012 Foxconn named Tien Chong (Terry) Cheng chief executive, who soon resigned, citing health problems.[17]

In September 2012 Foxconn announced plans to invest US$494 million in the construction of five new factories in Itu, Brazil, creating 10,000 jobs.[18]

Operations

Foxconn has factories in Asia, Europe, Mexico and South America that together assemble around 40 percent of all consumer electronics products sold.[19]

Taiwan

Foxconn's headquarter located in New Taipei City. Its R&D centers located in almost every city and county in Taiwan. Foxconn left most of its high-paid job in his motherland,Taiwan.

China

Foxconn has 13 factories in nine Chinese cities—more than in any other country. It is the largest exporter of 22 provinces in China and China as a whole.[20]

Foxconn's largest factory worldwide is in Longhua, Shenzhen, where hundreds of thousands of workers (varying counts include 230,000,[19] 300,000,[21] and 450,000[22]) are employed at the Longhua Science & Technology Park, a walled campus[8] sometimes referred to as "Foxconn City"[23] or "iPod City".[24] Covering about 1.16 square miles (3 square km),[25] it includes 15 factories,[23] worker dormitories, a swimming pool,[26] a fire brigade,[8] its own television network (Foxconn TV),[8] and a city centre with a grocery store, bank, restaurants, bookstore, and hospital.[8] While some workers live in surrounding towns and villages, others live and work inside the complex;[27] a quarter of the employees live in the dormitories, and many of them work up to 12 hours a day for 6 days each week.[19] Another of Foxconn's factory "cities" is Zhengzhou Technology Park in Zhengzhou, Henan province, where it is reported 120,000 employees work.[28]

Foxconn continues to expand, and planned factories include sites at Chengdu in Sichuan province and Wuhan in Hubei province.[20]

Brazil

All company facilities in South America are located in Brazil,[29] and these include mobile phone factories in Manaus and Indaiatuba as well as production bases in Jundiai, Sorocaba, and Santa Rita do Sapucaí.[30] The company is considering more investments in Brazil.[12]

Europe

A Foxconn factory in the Czech Republic

Foxconn has factories in Hungary,[31] Slovakia,[12] and the Czech Republic.[4] It is the second-largest exporter in the Czech Republic.[4]

India

Foxconn has operational units in the Special Economic Zone of Chennai, Tamil Nadu.[32]

Japan

Foxconn and Sharp Corporation jointly run two plants manufacturing large-screen televisions in Sakai, Osaka. In August 2012 it was reported that Sharp, while doing corporate restructuring and downsizing, was considering selling the plants to Foxconn, which was believed to be receptive to the plan.[33]

Malaysia

As of 2011, Foxconn had at least seven factories in Johor state,[34] possibly at Kulaijaya, where it is developing an industrial park that will include four factories once completed.[35]

Mexico

Foxconn has a facility in San Jerónimo, Chihuahua that assembles computers,[36] and two facilities in Juárez – a former Motorola production base that manufactures mobile phones,[37] and a set-top box factory acquired from Cisco Systems.[38] LCD televisions are also made in the country by Foxconn in a plant acquired from Sony.[39]

USA

In December 2013, Foxconn announced plans to invest $30 million over two years to build a manufacturing facility in Pennsylvania, as well as putting $10 million into R&D at Carnegie Mellon University. The new facility will be located in Harrisburg and will develop robotic equipment. Other than that, Foxconn is also planning on building high-tech factories in Arizona and Display factories in the United States to supply touch display for automobile manufacturer Tesla[40][41]

Major customers

Major customers of Foxconn include or have included:

(country of headquarters in parentheses)

Apple has stated that it contracts with Chinese original equipment manufacturers such as Foxconn because they have easy access to the Chinese supply chain[19] within a well developed industrial cluster.[54]

Controversies

Working conditions

Allegations of poor working conditions have been made on several occasions.[55] News reports highlight the long working hours,[23][25] discrimination against mainland Chinese workers by their Taiwanese co-workers,[56] and lack of working relationships at the company.[57] Although Foxconn was found to be compliant in the majority of areas when Apple Inc. audited the maker of its iPods and iPhones in 2007[8] the audit did substantiate a few of the allegations.[58]

Concerns increased in early 2012 due to a US theatrical monologue purportedly based on factual accounts of working conditions at Foxconn,[59] but much of the source material was later found to be fictional.[60] A 2012 audit performed by the Fair Labor Association at the request of Apple Inc. found that workers routinely received insufficient overtime pay and suggested that workplace accidents may be common.[61][62]

A Hong Kong non-profit organisation, Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior, has written numerous negative reports on Foxconn's treatment of its employees.[63] These typically find far worse conditions than the 2012 Fair Labor Association audit did[citation needed] but rely on a far smaller number of employee informants–100 to 170.[64] The Fair Labor Association audit in 2012 used interviews with 35,000 Foxconn employees.[61]

In September 2012 a fight at worker dormitories in Taiyuan, Shanxi, escalated into a riot involving 2000 people and was quelled by security.[65][66]

In October 2012, the company admitted that 14-year-old children had worked for a short time at a facility in Yantai, Shandong Province.[67] Foxconn said that the workers involved were part of an internship program.[67] Individuals as young as 16 can legally work in China.[67]

In 2012, a young worker, Zhang Tingzhen, was threatened to have Hon-Hal medical support canceled, when doctors remonstrated against moving his injured body for treatment in Huizhou from the hospital in Shenzhen.[68] He suffered an electrical shock and was injured to the extent that doctors needed to amputate half of his brain. This left him in no condition to travel to Huizhou, the city he was initially hired at. The company stated that it was acting within labor laws.[69][70][71][72]

Suicides

Main article: Foxconn suicides

Suicides among Foxconn workers have attracted media attention. One was the high-profile death of a worker after the loss of a prototype and the other, a series of suicides linked to low pay in 2010. Suicides of Foxconn workers continued into 2012, with one in June 2012. The rate has substantially fallen since 2010.[citation needed]

Sun Danyong, a 25-year-old man, committed suicide in July 2009 after reporting the loss of an iPhone 4[73] prototype in his possession.[74]

In reaction to a spate of worker suicides in which 14 people died in 2010,[75] a report from 20 Chinese universities described Foxconn factories as labor camps and detailed widespread worker abuse and illegal overtime.[76] In response to the suicides, Foxconn installed suicide-prevention netting at some facilities,[55] and it promised to offer substantially higher wages at its Shenzhen production bases.[77] Workers were also forced to sign a legally binding document guaranteeing they and their descendants would not sue the company as a result of unexpected death, self-injury or suicide.[78]

Against this, the suicide rate at Foxconn, even during the suicide spate, was lower than that of China[79][80] as well as that of all 50 states of the United States.[81][82]

See also

References

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  32. ^ "Trade Union Leaders and Workers at Foxconn India Imprisoned". 2010-10-22. Retrieved 2010-11-04.
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    • For 2012 reports, see "Publications: 2012". Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
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  76. ^
  77. ^ "Foxconn To Raise Wages Again at China Plant". Reuters. 2010-10-01.
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  81. ^ "Foxconn suicide rate is lower than in the US, says Apple's Steve Jobs". The Daily Telegraph. 2 June 2010. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
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Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Foxconn.

'Defying police attacks, Foxconn workers in India continue strike'

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