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Interstate 4

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Interstate 4 marker
Interstate 4
Route information
Maintained by FDOT
Length132.298 mi[1][2] (212.913 km)
Existed1957–present
NHSEntire route
Major junctions
West end I-275 in Tampa
Major intersections
East end I-95 / SR 400 in Daytona Beach
Location
CountryUnited States
StateFlorida
CountiesHillsborough, Polk, Osceola, Orange, Seminole, Volusia
Highway system
← SR 3→ SR 4
← SR 399→ SR 401

Interstate 4 (I-4) is an east-west 132.298-mile (212.913 km) intrastate Interstate Highway located entirely within the US state of Florida. It goes from I-275 in Tampa, Florida to I-95 at Daytona Beach, Florida. It also has the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) designation of State Road 400 (SR 400), but only a small portion of the route is signed at the east end.

Route description

I-4 westbound approaching SR 535 in Lake Buena Vista, Florida

I-4 maintains a diagonal, northeast–southwest route for much of its length, although it is signed east–west. The 132-mile (212 km) route begins with an interchange with I-275 in Tampa and continues east toward I-75.

After passing through the eastern suburbs of Hillsborough County, it crosses into Polk County, entering the Lakeland area, intersecting with the Polk Parkway twice before entering Polk City.

At this point, the interstate starts a turn toward the northeast where it intersects with the Orlando area cutting the city through at a diagonal direction going northeast/southwest. The route provides access to all of Orlando's theme parks including Disney World, SeaWorld Orlando and Universal Studios, as well as nearly all of Orlando's toll roads, including Florida's Turnpike. Throughout most of Orange County and Seminole County, I-4 travels in a roughly north–south direction. Right before the eastern terminus, I-4 switches to a mostly east–west route in order to connect with traffic from and to I-95. At an interchange with I-95 in Daytona Beach, I-4 terminates; however, SR 400 continues eastward into Daytona Beach.

Interstate 4 has no I-x04 Interstate routes branching off of it, but several toll roads provide bypasses and spurs around Lakeland and Orlando.

History

The original plans called for I-4 to extend to St. Petersburg

I-4 was one of the first Interstate Highways to be constructed in Florida, with the first section opening between Plant City and Lakeland in 1959. By early 1960, the Howard Frankland Bridge was opened to traffic, as well as the segment from the Hillsborough Avenue/US 301 junction in Tampa to Plant City. The stretch from Lake Monroe to Lake Helen, including the original St. Johns River Bridge also opened during that period. The segment from Tampa to Orlando was complete by 1962.[3] By the mid 1960s, several segments were already complete, including Malfunction Junction in Tampa and parts of I-4 through Orlando. The original western terminus was set at Central Avenue (County Road 150) in St. Petersburg,[4] though a non-Interstate extension would have continued south and west to Pasadena.[citation needed] Proposed I-4 was later extended southwest to the present location of exit 20, with a planned temporary end at US 19 and 13th Avenue South,[5] and a continuation to the Sunshine Skyway was also designated as part of Interstate 4.[6] Construction was stalled at 9th Street North (CR 803) for several years.

I-4 eastbound at exit 111 in Volusia County

The entire Interstate Highway was completed by the late 1960s; however, the western terminus was truncated to Malfunction Junction in 1971 when I-75 was extended over the Frankland Bridge. Eventually, that stretch was again redesignated to become part of I-275.[7]

In maps and atlases dating to the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, the Tampa–St. Petersburg section of I-4/I-275 was marked as the Tampa Expressway. The Orlando segment was marked as the Orlando Expressway. Both names have since faded from maps.

Although many post-1970 interchanges along I-4 were constructed before the recent widening projects, they were designed with I-4 expansion in mind. In other words, there is enough room available to widen I-4 to up to ten lanes without extensively modifying the interchanges. Some of these interchanges include the I-75 stack (constructed in the 1980s) and several interchanges serving the Walt Disney World Resort (constructed in the late 1980s and early 1990s).

In 2002, I-4, along with most of Florida's interstates, switched over from a sequential exit numbering system to a mileage-based exit numbering system.[8]

A section of I-4 between Daytona Beach and Orlando called the "dead zone" is rumored to be haunted.[9] In 2010, the ECFRPC using GIS technology performed an analysis to determine if this identified zone had an increased fatality rate related to crashes. The analysis which compared this section of I-4 to several other dangerous I-4 sections found that while the dead zone area did not have the highest accident or fatality rate, it did identify that the percentage of fatality to accident was significantly higher in this location. In other words, while you are not more likely to be in accident in this section of I-4, if an accident occurs the chance of that accident containing a fatality is greatly increased.

Tampa area

The I-4/I-275 interchange (Malfunction Junction) was rebuilt from 2002 to 2006, and I-4 is under staged renovations to be widened from four to six lanes (with eight lanes in certain segments). Much of this work is complete, and all new travel lanes are now open. Eventually, I-4 will be widened again to a total of at least ten lanes (five in each direction). Studies for this project are already underway and construction should commence sometime in the 2010s. Completion of the project should be around 2020.[citation needed]

I-4 westbound 2 miles from the I-75 interchange
An old I-4 shield in Orlando

Eastbound I-4 shifted to its new, permanent alignment between Malfunction Junction and 50th Street on August 8, 2006. The new alignment includes a right-lane ramp exit/entry at the 22nd St/21st St Interchange (The previous left-lane configuration was causing hazardous conditions to commuters since its opening in 2005). On August 11, 2006, a fourth lane opened on eastbound I-4 between the downtown junction and 50th Street (led in by a newly opened third lane on the eastbound I-4 ramp from northbound I-275). And on August 18, the new westbound alignment, just west of 50th Street, opened. The newly opened lanes will improve flow throughout the interchange. The 50th Street overpass however, would not be complete until late 2007.[10][11][12][13] Also, the eastbound I-4 exit ramp to Columbus Drive/50th Street is situated to the left-hand side of the highway (as opposed to its former right-hand side exit). This exit shift went into effect in spring 2006 and is part of the new, permanent interstate configuration.

In Tampa, the exit to 40th Street (SR 569), exit 2, was closed and demolished in late 2005 due to the ongoing reconstruction of I-4 and to accommodate a proposed connector highway with the Lee Roy Selmon Expressway.[14]

The interchange with what is today I-75 was constructed in the early 1980s.

Orlando area

As Orlando grew in the 1970s and 1980s, traffic became a growing concern, especially after the construction of the original interchange with the East–West Expressway in 1973, which proved to become a principal bottleneck. The term "highway hostages" was coined in the 1980s to describe people stuck in long commutes to and from Orlando on I-4.[citation needed]

I-4 in Altamonte Springs

In the early-to-mid 1990s, several interchanges near Kissimmee were constructed or upgraded to accommodate increasing traffic going to and from Walt Disney World. However, I-4's main lanes were not widened in the process. Around the same time, SR 417 was extended to I-4.[citation needed]

The St. Johns River Veterans Memorial Bridge, a two-span, six-lane replacement to the original four-lane bridge over the St. Johns River northeast of Orlando, was completed in 2004.

During the early 2000s, tolled express lanes were being planned in the Orlando area as a traffic congestion relief technique for rush hour commuters. The name for them was to be Xpress 400, numbered after the state road designation for I-4. The express lanes were slated to extend from Universal Orlando, east to SR 434 in Longwood, and tolls were to be collected electronically via transponders like SunPass and Orlando-Orange County Expressway Authority's E-Pass, with prices dependent on the congestion of the eight main lanes. However, the project was effectively banned by the passage of the SAFETEA-LU Federal transportation bill in 2005, introduced by U.S. Representative John Mica. The plan for tolled express lanes, however, is still in the long term plans for I-4.[15]

I-4 East towards Downtown Orlando

The eastbound exit to Robinson Street (SR 526) permanently closed on April 25, 2006, to make way for construction of the new eastbound onramp from SR 408.[16] The westbound offramp to Gore Street was permanently closed in the same project on November 2, 2008.

The new overpass from I-4 west to John Young Parkway (County Road 423, CR 423) opened the morning of April 27, 2006.[17][18][19]

2008 pileup

On January 9, 2008, 70 vehicles were involved in a large pileup on I-4 near Polk City. The pileup was caused by an unexpected thick morning fog that was mixed with a scheduled—and approved—environmental burn by the Florida Wildlife Commission. The fog drifted across I-4, mixing with the smoke, reducing visibility to near-zero conditions. Four people were killed, and 38 were injured. The section of I-4 did not re-open until the next day, January 10.[20]

Swing Region

Combined Presidential Election Results of I-4 Counties, 1992-2012
Year Democrat Republican Other
2012 52.6% 953,186 46.2% 838,377 1.2% 21,907
2008 53.3% 946,929 45.7% 811,159 1.0%% 17,034
2004 46.5% 724,618 52.9% 824,887 0.6% 9,929
2000 48.0% 569,746 49.7% 590,030 2.2% 26,531
1996 45.7% 462,403 44.7% 451,902 9.6% 96,818
1992 37.5% 379,821 42.1% 426,297 20.3% 205,621

In the 2004 U.S. presidential election, the I-4 corridor, a commonly used term to refer to the counties in which Interstate 4 runs through and a site of significant population growth, was a focus of political activity within the swing state of Florida. Communities along the I-4 corridor were perceived by both major political parties as having higher proportions of undecided voters as compared to more Republican- or Democratic-leaning portions of the state. It played an equally key role in the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but whereas the corridor had voted heavily for George W. Bush in 2004, which helped Bush win the state, in 2008 it swung behind Democratic candidate Barack Obama, helping Obama win Florida.[21] The I-4 corridor has voted for the statewide winner since at least 1992, but has supported the national winner since 1996. The Republicans and Democrats have each carried the region three times in the past six presidential elections. Republicans George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush won more votes than other candidates in 1992, 2000, and 2004 while Democrats Bill Clinton and Barack Obama captured the regions vote total in the elections of 1996, 2008, and 2012.

Future

Interim improvements to the interchange at SR 408 were completed at the end of 2008.[22] The rest of the SR 408 improvements are scheduled for the next decade. Intersections at US 192[23] and I-275[24] were completed in 2007. The remaining four-lane segment, from SR 44 to I-95, will eventually be widened to six lanes, with construction already begun in 2012.[25]

Planning is underway for "ultimate" improvements to I-4 through Orlando from SR 435 (exit 75) east to SR 434 (exit 94).[26] These plans involve adding express lanes to the highway, and the reconstruction of several major interchanges. On April 23, 2014, FDOT selected a firm to construct the ultimate improvements. Construction is scheduled to begin in 2015 and end in 2021. [27]

The Florida High Speed Rail Authority had proposed a high-speed rail line traveling from Tampa to Orlando via the median of I-4, which was designed to be wide enough to carry trains.

Services

I-4 has two pairs of rest areas, one near Winter Haven and the other near Longwood. At each location, there are separate facilities on opposite sides of the freeway, providing services to traffic in both directions. The rest areas all provide handicapped facilities with restrooms, picnic tables, drinking water, pet exercise areas, outside night lights, telephones, vending machines and nighttime security.[28][29][30]

FDOT closed a pair of rest areas at the Daryl Carter Parkway overpass (mile 70) near Lake Buena Vista in early 1999 and replaced them with retention ponds to serve runoff from an additional lane in each direction of I-4.[31] Another former rest area, without any bathrooms, existed on the eastbound side near milepost 127 in Volusia County.[citation needed]

A pair of weigh stations including weigh in motion scales is present at mile 12 between Tampa and Plant City. They were opened in January 2009 to replace a pair just west of the SR 566 interchange at mile 19.[32]

Exit list

CountyLocationmi[2]kmOld exitNew exitDestinationsNotes
HillsboroughTampa0.0000.000—— I-275 (SR 93) – St. Petersburg, Ocala, Tampa International Airport
1.1541.85711 SR 585 (22nd Street / 21st Street) – Cruise Ships
1.76[33]2.83—2 SR 618 (Selmon Expressway) – Brandon, Port of TampaI-4–Selmon Expressway Connector; access to or from SR 618 only in the same direction
2.463[33]3.96422 SR 569 (40th Street)Former interchange
3.2665.25633 US 41 (50th Street / SR 599)Module:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecatedEastbound left exit and westbound left entrance; eastbound right entrance and westbound left entrance
​4.7067.57445 SR 574 (Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard)
​5.5738.96956Orient RoadEastbound exit and westbound entrance
​6.68310.75567 US 92 (Hillsborough Avenue / SR 600) / US 301 (SR 41) – Riverview, Zephyrhills, Busch Gardens
​8.61013.85679 I-75 (SR 93A) – Ocala, Naples
Mango10.14216.322810 CR 579 – Mango, Thonotosassa
​13.87622.331914McIntosh Road
​17.43428.0571017Branch Forbes RoadServes Dinosaur World
Plant City19.51831.4111119 SR 566 (Thonotosassa Road)
21.28034.2471321 SR 39 (Alexander Street) / CR 39 (Buchman Highway)Alexander Street was originally exit 12, but was combined with 13
22.59636.3651422Park Road (SR 553)
Hillsborough–Polk county lineLakeland25.56341.1401525County Line Road
Polk26.53042.69615A27
 SR 570 east (Polk Parkway) – Lakeland, Winter Haven, Bartow
28.36545.6491628
 To US 92 (SR 546) – Lakeland
30.67549.3671731 SR 539 (CR 35A north) – Kathleen, Lakeland
32.00351.5041832 US 98 (SR 35 / SR 700) – Lakeland, Dade City
33.44053.8161933 SR 33 / CR 582 – Lakeland
37.89460.9842038 SR 33
41.22366.34220A41
 SR 570 west (Polk Parkway) – Auburndale, Lakeland
​43.98170.7812144 SR 559 – Polk City, Auburndale
​47.98277.2202248 CR 557 – Lake Alfred, Winter Haven
​54.73388.0842355 US 27 (SR 25) – Haines City, Clermont
Osceola​57.72392.8962458 CR 532 – Poinciana, Kissimmee
​59.66396.018—60
 SR 429 north – Apopka
Celebration61.78199.42724C-D-E62
 SR 417 north – Disney World, Celebration, International Airport, Sanford
​64.165103.26425A-B64 US 192 (SR 530) – Kissimmee, Magic Kingdom
​65.322105.12626C–D65Osceola Parkway (CR 522) – Animal Kingdom, Wide World of Sports
Orange​66.565107.12626A-B67
 SR 536 to SR 417 – Epcot, Downtown Disney
Lake Buena Vista68.107109.6082768 SR 535 – Kissimmee, Lake Buena Vista
​70.983114.23627A71Sea World (Central Florida Parkway)Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
​71.744115.4612872
 SR 528 east – International Airport, Cape Canaveral
​73.732118.66029A74A SR 482 (Sand Lake Road)Module:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecated
Orlando75.246121.09729B74BUniversal (Adventure Way)Westbound exit and entrance
75.246121.0973075 SR 435 (Kirkman Road) – UniversalModule:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecatedSigned as exits 75A (south) and 75B (north)
76.359122.8883177 Florida's Turnpike (SR 91) – Miami, Ocala
77.760125.14331A78Conroy RoadServes The Mall at Millenia, Holy Land Experience
79.147127.3753279 CR 423 (John Young Parkway)
80.474129.5103380 US 17 / US 92 / US 441 (Orange Blossom Trail / SR 500 / SR 600)Signed as exits 80A (south/west) and 80B (north/east) eastbound; previously signed as exits 33A and 33B accordingly; westbound is a left exit, signed as exit 80 and only providing south/west access
81.004130.3633481A





 To US 17 north / US 92 east / US 441 northModule:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecated		Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
81.469131.1123581BCKaley AvenueSigned as exits 81B (east) and 81C (west) westbound
82.116132.1533682A SR 408 (East–West Expressway)
82.24[33]132.353782BGore Streetformer westbound-only interchange; westbound entrance remains
82.636132.9903882BAnderson Street / South StreetTo Amway Center, History Center; formerly signed as exit 82C
82.78[33]133.223983South StreetClosed interchange; no eastbound exit
83.30[33]134.064083A SR 526 (Robinson Street)Former interchange; eastbound exit and westbound entrance
83.792134.8504183A US 17 / US 92 / SR 50 (Colonial Drive / SR 600) – Bob CarrModule:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecatedSigned as exit 84A westbound; formerly signed as exit 83B eastbound
84.279135.6344284Ivanhoe BoulevardSigned as exit 84B westbound
85.135137.0124385Princeton Street
85.890138.2274486Par StreetEastbound exit and westbound entrance
Winter Park86.789139.6734587Fairbanks Avenue (SR 426)
87.767141.2474688 SR 423 (Lee Road / US 17 Truck south / US 92 Truck west)Western end of US 17 Truck / US 92 Truck overlap; serves Eatonville
Maitland89.491144.0224790 SR 414 (Maitland Boulevard / US 17 Truck north / US 92 Truck east)Eastern end of US 17 Truck / US 92 Truck overlap; signed as exits 90A (east) and 90B (west) eastbound
SeminoleAltamonte Springs91.631147.4664892 SR 436 – Altamonte Springs, Apopka
Longwood93.613150.6564994 SR 434 – Longwood, Winter Springs
Lake Mary98.400158.3595098Lake Mary, Heathrow (Lake Mary Boulevard)
100.628161.94551A101A CR 46A – Sanford, Heathrow
Sanford101.366163.133—101B
 SR 417 south – International Airports (Sanford, Orlando), Sanford
102.505164.96651101C SR 46 – Mount Dora, Sanford Historic District
​103.997167.36752104 US 17 / US 92 (SR 15 / SR 600) – Sanford
St. Johns River (Lake Monroe)St. Johns River Veterans Memorial Bridge
VolusiaDeltona–DeBary city line107.821173.52153108DeBary, Deltona (CR 4162)
Deltona–Orange City city line110.636178.05153C111Deltona, Orange City (CR 4146)Signed as exits 111A (Deltona) and 111B (Orange City); previously signed as exits 53CA and 53CB accordingly
Deltona–DeLand city line113.783183.11654114 SR 472 – Deltona, DeLand
Lake Helen115.898186.52055116DeLand, Lake Helen Historic District (CR 4116)
DeLand118.456190.63656118 SR 44 – New Smyrna Beach, DeLand Historic DistrictSigned as exits 118A (east) and 118B (west)
Daytona Beach129.131207.81657129
 US 92 east (SR 600) – Daytona Beach		Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
131.987212.412—— I-95 (SR 9) – Daytona Beach, Jacksonville, Miami
132.298212.91358132
 SR 400 east – South Daytona
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

State Road 400

State Road 400 marker
State Road 400
LocationTampa-Daytona Beach
Length136.514 mi[2][33] (219.698 km)

State Road 400 (SR 400), unsigned while concurrent with I-4, becomes signed east of I-95. The road extends for three miles (4.8 km) from the northeast terminus of I-4, on the south side of Daytona International Speedway and Daytona Beach International Airport, to an intersection with US 1 (SR 5) in Daytona Beach. Named Beville Road, it runs along the boundary between the cities of Daytona Beach and South Daytona. Sections of Beville Road are classified as a "Scenic Thoroughfare" by the City of Daytona Beach.[34]

Major intersections

The entire route is in Volusia County.

Locationmi[33]kmDestinationsNotes
Daytona Beach0.0000.000 I-95 (SR 9) – JacksonvilleEastern end of I-4 overlap
0.2710.436 CR 4009 (Williamson Boulevard) – International Airport
2.1813.510

 SR 483 north / CR 483 south (Clyde Morris Boulevard) – Embry Riddle University, Daytona State College, University of Central Florida
Daytona Beach–South Daytona city line2.8524.590 SR 5A (South Nova Road) – Museum, Bethune Cookman University
4.2166.785 US 1 (South Ridgewood Avenue / SR 5) – Daytona Beach, South Daytona, Convention Center
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

References

  1. ^ Staff (October 31, 2002). "Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of October 31, 2002". Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
  2. ^ a b c Staff (August 4, 2010). "Florida Department of Transportation Interchange Report" (PDF). Florida Department of Transportation. pp. 2–3. Retrieved November 2, 2010.
  3. ^ "Highways to Your Vacationland". All Florida and TV Week Magazine. The Evening Independent. Jacksonville, FL. June 3, 1962.
  4. ^ "Time Now To Plan For Interstate 4". Editorials. The Evening Independent. Jacksonville, FL. July 14, 1965. p. 10A. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
  5. ^ Yogman, Ron (November 22, 1967). "City Buzzes At Interstate Impact On 1,600 Parcels". The Evening Independent. Jacksonville, FL. p. 2A. Retrieved March 13, 2014; Subsequent articles:
  6. ^ "State Agents Lay Out I-4's Tour To The South". St. Petersburg Times. July 19, 1968. p. 1B. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
  7. ^ Droz, Robert V. "Historic Florida Interstate Information". Florida in Kodachrome. Self-published. Retrieved November 27, 2011.[unreliable source]
  8. ^ Staff. "Florida's Interstate Exit Numbers- I-4". Florida Department of Transportation. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
  9. ^ "Ghostly Images Seen, Photographed On 'Deadly' Stretch Of I-4". Orlando: WKMG-TV.[dead link]
  10. ^ Staff (August 8, 2006). "Eastbound I-4 in new alignment". Tampa Bay Interstates. Florida Department of Transportation.[dead link]
  11. ^ "Eastbound I-4 traffic: New lanes, new exit through Ybor City". St. Petersburg, FL: WTSP-TV. August 7, 2006.[dead link]
  12. ^ "New I-4 lanes help drivers get to concert early". St. Petersburg, FL: WTSP-TV. August 10, 2006. [dead link]
  13. ^ Staff (August 8, 2006). "New eastbound I-4 lane open!". Tampa Bay Interstates. Florida Department of Transportation.[dead link]
  14. ^ Staff. "I-4/Crosstown Connector Project Page". Tampa Bay Interstates. Florida Department of Transportation.[dead link]
  15. ^ Hamburg, Jay (September 13, 2007). "Toll lanes on I-4 appear likely". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
  16. ^ "On The Move". Orlando, FL: Central Florida News 13. April 25, 2006.[dead link]
  17. ^ "Rising above I-4 crowds". Orlando Sentinel. April 26, 2006.[dead link]
  18. ^ "Changes Under Way On I-4". Daytona Beach, FL: WESH-TV. April 26, 2006.
  19. ^ "On The Move". Orlando, FL: Central Florida News 13. April 26, 2006.[dead link]
  20. ^ "Interstate 4 Has Reopened in Both Directions". St. Petersburg, FL: Bay News 9. January 10, 2008.[dead link]
  21. ^ "Candidates Eye Voters on Florida's I-4". CNN. October 11, 2004.
  22. ^ Staff. "I-4 Trans4mation (FSTR 408 Interchange Project)". Trans4mation. Florida Department of Transportation. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
  23. ^ Staff. "US 192 Interchange_Project Overview". Trans4mation. Florida Department of Transportation. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
  24. ^ Staff. "Construction Projects: I-4/I-275 Interchange (operational improvements, completed December 2006)". Tampa Bay Interstates. Florida Department of Transportation. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
  25. ^ District 5 Staff. "Volusia County road construction projects". Florida Department of Transportation.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)[dead link]
  26. ^ Staff. "Future I-4 Improvements". Moving-4-Ward. Florida Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
  27. ^ http://www.moving-4-ward.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/4-23-14-Press-Release-FDOT-selects-best-value-proposer-FINAL.pdf
  28. ^ Staff (2013). "Florida's Rest Area, Service Plaza, Truck Comfort Station (WIM), and Welcome Center Locations". Florida Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
  29. ^ "Map of Polk County Rest Area vicinity" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
  30. ^ "Map of Seminole County Rest Area vicinity" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
  31. ^ Stratton, Jim (September 10, 2001). "Nowhere To Rest, But More Room To Drive". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
  32. ^ Nicholson, Dave (January 2, 2009). New High-Tech Weigh Stations Open Monday On I-4. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  33. ^ a b c d e f g "Straight Line Diagrams". Florida Department of Transportation. Retrieved March 8, 2014. Cite error: The named reference "sld" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  34. ^ "Scenic Thoroughfare Classification". Land Development Code. Daytona Beach, Florida. Retrieved November 27, 2011 – via Municode. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
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