Novorossiya Governorate
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New Russia Governorate Novorossiysk Governorate | |||||||||||||
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Governorate of Russian Empire | |||||||||||||
1764–1783 | |||||||||||||
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Capital | St Elizabeth Fort (1764) Kremenchug (1765-1776) Yekaterinoslav I (Novorossiysk) (1776-1783) | ||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||
• Established | 22 March 1764 | ||||||||||||
• First disestablishment | 1783 | ||||||||||||
• Reestablished | December 1796 | ||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1783 | ||||||||||||
Political subdivisions | provinces, uyezds | ||||||||||||
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/1750_Zaporozh.png/220px-1750_Zaporozh.png)
New Russia Governorate or Novorossiysk Governorate (Russian: Новоросси́йская губе́рния; translit.: Novorossiyskaya guberniya) was a governorate of the Russian Empire at Ukrainian territories that existing from 1764 until 1783. Most of its territories belonged to the Zaporizhian Sich and the Poltava Regiment of the Cossack Hetmanate. The preparation was strategically successful and advantageous for Russia and upon the conclusion of the war it gave a way for it to access the Black Sea and establish an area that became known as New Russia. It was created based on the Military Frontier of the Austrian Empire against the Ottoman Empire and involved many military units from the region that were resettled in Ukraine. The military units included mounted cossacks (or hussars) and mounted pikers (or lancers).
In 1796 to 1802 the governorate was reestablished as a direct predecessor of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate.
History
It was created on 2 April [O.S. 22 March] 1764 as a military district for the protection of the southern border of the empire and in preparation for the major military campaign of the Russo-Turkish War. The governorate united the territories of New Serbia and New Sloboda (today in Kirovohrad Oblast) which were the northern regions of Buhohard Palatinate (Zaporizhian Sich). The governorate, centered in the fortress of Saint Elizabeth, initially was divided into three territories (polki) assigned to each regiment in the area: Elizabeth City Pikers Regiment, Black Hussars Regiment, and Yellow Hussars Regiment.
As of 22 June [O.S. 11 June] 1764 the governorate also included the so-called Ukrainian Line (Ukrainian Defense Line, a line of Russian built fortress between Dnieper and Donets) that was administrated by the Dnieper and Donets Pikers regiments (based on the Habsburg's Pandurs, the cossacks of Poltava, the Myrhorod regiments), the Slavo-Serbia with Luhansk Pikers Regiment, and the Raiko Preradovic and Ivan Sevic Hussars regiments (soon the later two were united into the Bakhmut Hussars Regiment) as well as the Samara Hussar Regiment (originally the Moldavian Hussars Regiment based in Kiev).
The first capital of the governorate was the city of Kremenchug with the fortress of Saint Elizabeth (today Kirovohrad) being the main headquarters of local garrison.
Pikers unrest
In 1769-70 during the 1768-74 Russian-Ottoman War there was an uprising among the Dnieper and Donets Pikers regiments.[1] The unrest started on territory of today's Poltava Oblast and eventually spread across the lands of the Zaporizhian Host.[1] It was mercilessly put down by Russian Imperial forces and its instigators were punished by knout or sent to katorga.[1] The Donets Pikers Regiment eventually was forcefully sent to the war where it played a key role in forcing Syvash, taken of Perekop, Caffa (Feodosiya).[1]
Destruction of Zaporizhian Sich
In June of 1775 the Russian Imperial Army razed the capital of the Zaporizhian Sich, after which all its lands were annexed to the Novorossiysk Governorate. The following year the Bakhmut and Catherine provinces were transferred to the newly established Azov Governorate.
Second establishment
In December 1796, Paul I reestablished the Novorossiysk Governorate, mostly with land from the former Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty. In 1802, this province was divided into the Nikolayev Governorate (known as the Kherson Governorate from 1803), the Yekaterinoslav Governorate, and the Taurida Governorate.
A Decree of 12 December 1796 set up a serf system on the territory of South Ukraine and Caucasus by attaching peasants to the land.
Subdivisions
- Bakhmut Province (1764-1775) transferred to the Azov Governorate
- Kremenchug Province
- Yekaterine Province
- Yelizaveta Province
Governors
General Governors
- 1764-65 Aleksei Melgunov
- 1765-66 Yakov Brandt
- 1766-74 Fyodor Voeikov
- 1774-91 Grigoriy Potyomkin
- 1791-96 Platon Zubov
- 1796-97 Nikolai Berdiayev
- 1805-14 Duc de Richelieu
- 1815-22 Alexandre de Langeron
- 1822-54 Mikhail Vorontsov
- 1854-64 Alexander Stroganov
- 1864-73 Paul Demetrius Kotzebue
Viceroys (namestnik)
- 1779-83 Timofei Tutolmin
- 1783-88 Ivan Sinelnikov
- 1788–94 Vasiliy Kakhovsky
- 1794–96 Iosif Khorvat
- 1797–1800 Ivan Seletsky
- 1800–01 Ivan Nikolayev
- 1801–02 Mikhail Miklashevsky
See also
References
External links
- Yekaterinoslav Guberniya – Historical coat of arms
- New Russia gubernia at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- Katerinoslav gubernia – Article in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine