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Agnès Varda

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Agnès Varda
Varda receiving an honour at the Guadalajara International Film Festival, 2010
Born (1928-05-30) 30 May 1928 (age 96)
Ixelles, Belgium
Occupation(s)Director, screenwriter, editor, actor, producer, installation artist, photographer
Years active1951–present
Notable workCleo de 5 a 7, La Pointe Courte, Vagabond
SpouseJacques Demy (1962–1990; his death)
ChildrenMathieu Demy
Rosalie Varda

Agnès Varda (French: [aɲɛs vaʁda]; born 30 May 1928) is a French film director, born in Belgium, who has spent most of her working life in France. Her films, photographs, and art installations focus on documentary realism, feminist issues, and social commentary with a distinctive experimental style.

Film historians have cited Varda's work as central to the development of the French New Wave film movement; her uses of location shooting and non-professional actors were unconventional in the context of 1950s French cinema.[1]

Early life

Varda was born Arlette Varda on 30 May 1928 in Ixelles (Brussels), Belgium, the daughter of Christiane (née Pasquet) and Eugène Jean Varda, an engineer.[2] Her mother was from Sète, France and her father came from a family of Greek refugees from Asia Minor. She was the middle of five children. When she was 18 Varda legally changed her name to Agnès. During World War II Varda lived on a boat in Sète with the rest of her family. Varda attended the Lycée Victor-Duroy and received a Bachelor's degree in literature and psychology from the Sorbonne[3]. She described her relocation to Paris as "truly excruciating" that gave her "a frightful memory of my arrival in this grey, inhumane, sad city." She did not get along with her fellow students at the Sorbonne and described classes there as "stupid, antiquated, abstract, [and] scandalously unsuited for the lofty needs one had at that age."

Passion for Photography

Varda intended to become a museum curator and studied art history at the École du Louvre.[3] but decided to study photography at the Vaugirard school of photography instead.[4] She studied art history and photography at the École des Beaux-Arts.

Varda began her cinematic career as a stills photographer before becoming one of the majors of the Left Bank Cinema and the French New Wave. She holds the interrelationship between photographic and cinematic forms: “I take photographs or I make films. Or I put films in the photos, or photos in the films.”[5]

Varda explains of her beginnings with the medium, “I started earning a living from photography straightaway, taking trivial photographs of families and weddings to make money. But I immediately wanted to make what I called 'compositions.' And it was with these that I had the impression I was doing something where I was asking questions with composition, form and meaning.”[5]

In 1951 her friend (and fellow Sète transplant) Jean Vilar opened the Théâtre National Populaire and hired Varda as its official photographer. Before accepting her position here, she worked as a stage photographer for Theatre Festival of Avignon.[3] She worked at the Théâtre National Populaire for ten years from 1951-1961, during which time her reputation grew and she eventually got photo-journalist jobs throughout Europe.[4]

Varda’s photography could sometimes inspire her subsequent films. She recounts: “When I made my first film, La Pointe Courte -- without experience, without having been an assistant before, without having gone to film school -- I took photographs of everything I wanted to film, photographs that are almost models for the shots. And I started making films with the sole experience of photography, that's to say, where to place the camera, at what distance, with which lens and what lights?” Furthermore, she recalls another example:  “I made a film in 1982 called Ulysse, which is based on another photograph I took in r954, one I'd made with the same bellows camera, and I started Ulysse with the words, "I used to see the image upside down." There's an image of a goat on the ground, like a fallen constellation, and that was the origin of the photograph. With those cameras, you'd frame the image upside down, so I saw Brassaï through the camera with his head at the bottom of the image.”[5]

Varda's handprints at Cannes

Professional life

Varda is a significant figure in modern French cinema. Her career pre-dates the start of the Nouvelle vague (French New Wave), and La Pointe Courte contains many elements specific to that movement.[6] While working as a photographer, Varda became interested in making a film, although she stated that she knew little about the medium and had only seen around twenty films by the age of twenty-five. She later said she wrote her first screenplay "just the way a person writes his first book. When I'd finished writing it, I thought to myself: 'I'd like to shoot that script,' and so some friends and I formed a cooperative to make it." She found the filmmaking process difficult because it didn't allow the same freedom as writing a novel; however she said that her approach was instinctive and feminine. In an interview with The Believer, Varda stated that she wanted to make films that related to her time (in reference to La Pointe Courte), rather than focusing on traditions or classical standards.[7]

In 1977, Varda founded her own production company, Cine-Tamaris, in order to have more control in shooting and editing.[8]

In 2013, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art held Varda's first U.S. exhibition called "Agnes Varda in Californialand." The exhibition featured a sculptural installation, several photographs, and short films, and was inspired by time she spent in Los Angeles in the 1960s.[9]

Involvement in the French New Wave

The French New Wave movement was broken into two subgroups: the Cahiers du Cinema group and the Left Bank Cinema group.

Because of her literary influences, and because her work predates the French New Wave, Varda's films belong more precisely to the Rive Gauche (Left Bank) cinema movement, along with Chris Marker, Alain Resnais, Marguerite Duras, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Jean Cayrol and Henri Colpi. Categorically, the Left Bank side of the New Wave movement embraced a more experimental style than the Cahiers du Cinema group; however, this distinction is ironic considering the New Wave itself was considered experimental in its treatment of traditional methodologies and subjects.[10]

Left Bank Cinema was strongly tied to the nouveau roman movement in literature. The members of the group had in common a background in documentary filmmaking, a left wing political orientation, and a heightened interest in experimentation and the treatment of film as art. Varda and other Left Bank filmmakers crafted a mode of filmmaking that blends one of film’s most socially motivated approaches, documentary, with one of its most formally experimental approaches, the avant-garde. Its members would often collaborate with each other. According to scholar Delphine Bénézet, “Varda has resisted norms of representation and diktats of production… She has elaborated a personal repertoire of images, characters, and settings, which all provide insight on their cultural and political contexts.”[11]

Still, she is considered the grandmother and the mother of the French New Wave. La Pointe Courte is unofficially but widely considered to be the first film of the movement. [12] It was the first of many films she would make that focused on issues faced by ordinary people. She has said that she doesn't want to film people in power, she would rather film people who are fighting and struggling whose stories need to be seen and listened to.[13]

Style

Many of Varda's films use protagonists that are marginalized or rejected members of society, and are documentarian in nature. She did two short films on the Black Panthers in Africa (Huey and Black Panthers) after seeing their leader was arrested for killing a policeman. Their focus was on the demonstrations that people lead in support of him and the #freehuey campaign.[14]

Like many other French New Wave directors, Varda was likely influenced by auteur theory, creating her own signature style by using the camera "as a pen." Varda describes her method of filmmaking as cinécriture (cinematic writing or "writing on film"). The term was created by merging "cinema" and "writing" in French.[15] Rather than separating the fundamental roles that contribute to a film (cinematographer, screenwriter, director, etc.), Varda believes that all roles should be working together simultaneously to create a more cohesive film, and all elements of the film should contribute to its message. She claims to make most of her discoveries while editing, seeking the opportunity to find images or dialogue that create a motif.[16]

Because of her photographic background, still images are often of significance in her films. Still images may serve symbolic or narrative purposes, and each element of them is important. There is sometimes conflict between still and moving images in her films, and she often mixes still images (snapshots) in with moving images.[17] Varda pays very close attention to detail and is highly conscious of the implications of each cinematic choice she makes. Elements of the film are rarely just functional, each element has its own implications, both on its own and that it lends to the entire film's message.[18]

Many of her influences are artistic or literary. Some of her influences are: Surrealism, Franz Kafka, and Nathalie Sarraute.[15]

Varda as a Feminist Filmmaker

Varda's work is often considered feminist because of her use of female protagonists and creating a female cinematic voice.[8] Varda has been quoted stating, “I'm not at all a theoretician of feminism, I did all that—my photos, my craft, my film, my life—on my terms, my own terms, and not to do it like a man.”[19] Though she was not actively involved in any strict agendas of the feminist movement, Varda often focused on women’s issues thematically and never tried to change her craft to make it more conventional or masculine.

Historically, Varda is seen as the New Wave’s mother. Film critic Delphine Bénézet has argued for Varda’s importance as “au feminin singulier,” a woman of singularity and of the upmost importance in film history. Varda embraced her femininity with distinct boldness.[20]

Notable films

La Pointe Courte

Varda liked photography but was interested in moving into film. After spending a few days filming the small French fishing town of La Pointe Courte for a terminally ill friend who could no longer visit on his own, Varda decided to shoot a feature film of her own. Thus in 1954, Varda's first film, La Pointe Courte, about an unhappy couple working through their relationship in a small fishing town, was released. The film is a stylistic precursor to the French New Wave.[21] At the time, Varda was influenced by the philosophy of Gaston Bachelard, under whom she once studied at the Sorbonne. "She was particularly interested in his theory of ‘l’imagination des matières,’ in which certain personality traits were found to correspond to concrete elements in a kind of psychoanalysis of the material world." This idea arrives in La Pointe Courte as the characters' personality traits clash, shown through the opposition of objects such as wood and steel. To further her interest in character abstraction, Varda used two professional actors, Silvia Monfort and Philippe Noiret, combined with the residents of La Pointe Courte to provide a realistic element that lends itself to a documentary aesthetic inspired by neorealism. Varda would continue to use this combination of fictional and documentary elements in her films.[22]

It was edited by friend and fellow Left Bank filmmaker Alain Resnais, who was reluctant to work on the film because it was "so nearly the film he wanted to make himself" and its structure was very similar to his own Hiroshima mon amour (1959). While editing the film in Varda's apartment, Resnais kept annoying her by comparing the film to works by Luchino Visconti, Michelangelo Antonioni and others that she was unfamiliar with "until I got so fed up with it all that I went along to the Cinémathèque to find out what he was talking about." Resnais and Varda remained lifelong friends, with Resnais stating that they had nothing in common "apart from cats."[4]

The film was immediately praised by Cahiers du Cinéma. André Bazin called it "a miraculous film. In its existence and in its style" and François Truffaut called it "an experimental work, ambitious, honest and intelligent." Varda said that the film "hit like a cannonball because I was a young woman, since before that, in order to become a director you had to spend years as an assistant." However the film was a financial failure and Varda only made short films for the next seven years.[4]

Cléo from 5 to 7

Following La Pointe Courte, Varda made several documentary short films; two were commissioned by the French tourist office. These shorts include one of Varda's favorites of her own works, L'opéra-mouffe, a film about the Rue Mouffetard street market which won Varda an award at the Brussels Experimental Film Festival in 1958.[4]

Cléo from 5 to 7 (1961) follows a pop singer through two extraordinary hours in which she awaits the results of a recent biopsy. At first glance, the film is about a woman coming to terms with her mortality, which is a common auteurist trait for Agnès Varda.[23] On a deeper level, Cléo from 5 to 7 confronts the traditionally objectified woman by giving Cléo her own vision. She is unable to be constructed through gaze of others which is often represented through a motif of reflections and Cleo’s ability to strip her body of to-be-looked-at-ness attributes (clothing items, wigs, etc.). Stylistically, Cléo from 5 to 7 borders documentary and fiction as La Pointe Courte had. Although many believe that the ninety-minute film represents the diegetic action, which occurs between 5 p.m. and 7 p.m., in real time, there is actually a half-hour difference.[22]

Vagabond

In 1984, Varda created Sans toit ni loi, or Vagabond in English, which is a drama about the death of a young female drifter named Mona. The death is investigated by an unseen and unheard interviewer who focuses on the people who have last seen her. The story of Vagabond is told through nonlinear techniques, with the film being divided into forty-seven episodes, and each episode about Mona being told from a different person's perspective. Vagabond is considered to be one of Agnès Varda's greater feminist works in how the film deals with the de-fetishization of the female body from the male perspective.[24]

Jacquot de Nantes

From 1962 until his death in 1990, Varda was married to the film director Jacques Demy, with whom she had two children, Rosalie Varda and Mathieu Demy. Jacques Demy also legally adopted Rosalie Varda, Varda's daughter from a previous union with actor Antoine Bourseiller, who starred in her early film Cléo from 5 to 7. In 1991, Shortly before Jacques Demy's death, Agnès Varda created the film Jacquot de Nantes, which is about his life and death. The film is structured at first as being a recreation of his early life, being obsessed with the various crafts used for filmmaking like animation and set design. But then Varda provides elements of documentary by inserting clips of Demy's films as well as footage of him dying. The film continues with Varda's common theme of accepting death, but at its heart it is considered to be Varda's tribute to her late husband and their work.[23]

The Gleaners and I

Les Glaneurs et la Glaneuse, or The Gleaners and I, is a documentary made in 2000 that focuses on Varda's interactions with gleaners who live in the French countryside, but also includes subjects who create art through recycled material, as well as an interview with psychoanalyst Jean Laplanche. The Gleaners and I is notable for its fragmented and free-form nature along with it being the first time Varda used digital cameras. This style of filmmaking is often interpreted as a statement that great things like art can still be created through scraps, yet modern economies encourage people to only use the finest product.[25]

Faces Places

Faces Places is a 2017 French documentary film directed by Varda and JR. It was screened out of competition at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival[26][27] where it won the L'Œil d'or award.[28] The film follows Varda and JR traveling around rural France, creating portraits of the people they come across. Varda was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for this film, making her the oldest person to be nominated for a non-honorary Academy Award.[29]

Varda didn't put the nomination too high in her list of achievements. She has been making movies for decades now, and does so out of love for the art itself. She feels very accomplished, with or without the recognition.[30]

Personal life

In 1958 while living in Paris, she met her husband, Jacques Demy, also a French actor and director. They moved in together in 1959. She was married to Demy until his death in 1990. Varda has two children - a daughter, Rosalie Varda with Antoine Bourseiller and a son, Mathieu with Jacques Demy.[31] Varda worked on Academy nominated documentary Faces Places with her daughter.[30]

Varda is the cousin of painter Jean Varda. In 1967 while living in California Varda met her father's cousin for the first time. He is the subject of her short documentary Uncle Yanco, named after Jean Varda who referred to himself as Yanco and was affectionately called "uncle" by Varda due to the difference in age between them.

In 1971 Varda was one of the 343 women who signed the Manifesto of the 343 admitting they had had an abortion despite the fact that it was illegal in France at the time and asking for abortions to be made legal.[32]

Varda was one of the five people to attend Jim Morrison's burial in 1971 in Paris at the Père Lachaise Cemetery.

She was a member of the jury at the Cannes Film Festival in 2005 and a member of the jury at the Venice Film Festival in 1983.

Awards and honors

  • For the 1985 documentary-style feature film Vagabond/Without Roof or Rule she received the Golden Lion of the Venice Film Festival.
  • In 2002 Agnès Varda was the recipient of the prestigious French Academy prize, René Clair Award.
  • On 4 March 2007, she was appointed a Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit of France.[33]
  • In 2009 The Beaches of Agnès won the best documentary film of the César Award.[34]
  • On 12 April 2009, she was made Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.[35]
  • In May 2010 Varda received Directors' Fortnight's 8th Carosse d'Or award for lifetime achievement at the Cannes Film Festival.[36]
  • On 22 September 2012, Varda received an honorary degree from Liège University Belgium.
  • On 14 May 2013, Varda was promoted to Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit of France.[33]
  • On 22 May 2013, Varda received the 2013 FIAF Award for her work in the field of film preservation and restoration.[37]
  • On 10 August 2014, Varda received the Leopard of Honour award at the 67th Locarno Film Festival.[38] She was the second female to receive the award after Kira Muratova.[39]
  • On 13 December 2014, Varda received the honorary Lifetime Achievement Award, presented by the European Film Academy.[40]
  • On 24 May 2015, Varda received an honorary Palme d'or. She is the first woman to receive an honorary Palme d'or.[41]
  • On 16 April 2017, Varda was promoted to Grand officier de la Légion d'honneur.[42]
  • On 11 November 2017, Varda received an Academy Honorary Award for her contributions to cinema, making her the first female director to receive such an award.[43][44][45] And she became the oldest nominated person at the same edition with her documentary Faces Places (she was 8 days older than fellow nominee James Ivory).[46]
  • Varda was included in Cinema Eye’s 2017 list of "Unforgettables."[47]

Filmography

Agnès Varda speaking at a retrospective series at the Harvard Film Archive

Feature film

Year Original title English title Credits
1955 La Pointe Courte — Director, Writer
1962 Cléo de 5 à 7 Cléo from 5 to 7 Director, Writer
1965 Le Bonheur Happiness Director, Writer
1966 Les Créatures The Creatures Director, Writer
1967 Loin du Vietnam Far from Vietnam Co-Director
1969 Lions Love Lions Love Director, Writer, Producer
1975 Daguerréotypes — Director, Writer
1977 L'Une chante, l'autre pas One Sings, the Other Doesn't Director, Writer
1981 Mur murs - Director, Writer
1980–1981 Documenteur Documenteur Director, Writer
1985 Sans toit ni loi Vagabond Director, Writer, Editor
1986–1987 Jane B. par Agnès V. Jane B. by Agnes V. Director, Writer, Editor
1987 Kung-Fu Master Kung-Fu Master! / Le Petit amour Director, Writer
1991 Jacquot de Nantes — Director, Writer
1993 Les demoiselles ont eu 25 ans The Young Girls Turn 25 Director, Writer
1994 Les Cent et une nuits de Simon Cinéma A Hundred and One Nights Director, Writer
2000 Les Glaneurs et la glaneuse The Gleaners and I Director, Writer, Producer, Editor
2002 Les Glaneurs et la glaneuse... deux ans après The Gleaners and I: Two Years Later Director, Editor
2004 Cinévardaphoto - Director, Writer
2006 Quelques veuves de Noirmoutier - Director, Writer
2008 Les plages d'Agnès The Beaches of Agnès Director, Writer, Producer
2017 Visages Villages Faces Places Director

Short film

Year Original title English title Credits
1958 L'opéra-mouffe Diary of a Pregnant Woman Director, Writer
1958 La cocotte d'azur - Director, Writer
1958 Du côté de la côte - Director, Writer
1958 Ô saisons, ô châteaux - Director, Writer
1961 Les fiancés du pont MacDonald ou (Méfiez-vous des lunettes noires) - Director, Writer
1963 Salut les cubains - Director, Star
1965 Elsa la rose - Director, Writer
1967 Oncle Yanco Uncle Yanco Director, Writer, Star
1968 Black Panthers Director
1968 Huey Director
1975 Réponse de femmes: Notre corps, notre sexe Women Reply Director, Writer, Star
1976 Plaisir d'amour en Iran - Director, Writer
1984 Les dites cariatides The So-Called Caryatids Director, Writer, Star
1984 7p. cuis., s. de b., ... à saisir - Director, Writer
1986 T’as de beaux escaliers, tu sais You’ve Got Beautiful Stairs, You Know Director, Writer
1982 Ulysse - Director, Writer, Star
2003 Le lion volatil - Director, Writer
2004 Ydessa, les ours et etc. Ydessa, the Bears and etc. Director, Writer
2004 Der Viennale '04-Trailer - Director, Writer, Star
2005 Les dites cariatides bis - Director, Writer
2005 Cléo de 5 à 7: souvenirs et anecdotes - Director
2015 Les 3 Butons The Three Buttons Director, Writer

Television

Year Original title English title Credits
1970 Nausicaa (TV movie) - Writer, Director
1983 Une minute pour une image (TV series Documentary) - Director
2010 P.O.V., episode 3, season 23, "The Beaches of Agnes" - Director, Writer, Producer, Cinematographer
2011 Agnès de ci de là Varda, 5 episodes (TV series documentary) - Director, Writer, Star

Publications

  • Les Plages d'Agnès Texte Illustre (2010)
  • 4 by Agnès Varda: Essays (2007)
  • Agnès Varda, l'île et elle, Actes sud (2006)
  • Sans toit ni loi un film d'Agnès Varda (2003)
  • La marginalité à l'écran (1999)
  • Varda par Agnès (1994)
  • La Côte d'Azur, d'azur, d'azur, d'azur (1961)

References

  1. ^ Vincendeau, Ginette (21 January 2008). "La Pointe Courte: How Agnès Varda "Invented" the New Wave". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  2. ^ "Agnes Varda Biography (1928-)". Filmreference.com. 30 May 1928. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  3. ^ a b c "Agnes Varda facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Agnes Varda". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d e Wakeman, John (1988). World Film Directors,Volume 2. New York,NY: The H. W. Wilson Company. pp. 1142–1148. ISBN 978-0-824-20757-1.
  5. ^ a b c Darke, Chris. "Agnes Varda." Sight & Sound, vol. 25, no. 4, April 2015, pp. 46-50. Film & Television Literature Index with Full Text, EBSCOhost.
  6. ^ Smith, Alison. Agnes Varda Manchester University Press, 1998. Pg 3.
  7. ^ Heti, Shiela. "Agnès Varda [FILMMAKER]". Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  8. ^ a b Carter, Helen. "Agnes Varda". Senses of Cinema. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  9. ^ "Agnès Varda in Californialand". www.lacma.org. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  10. ^ Darke, Chris. “Agnes Varda.” Sight & Sound, vol. 25, no. 4, April 2015, pp. 46-50. Film & Television Literature Index with Full Text, EBSCOhost
  11. ^ Bénézet, Delphine. The Cinema of Agnès Varda: Resistance and Eclecticism. New York: Columbia University Press, 2014.
  12. ^ "Agnès Varda". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  13. ^ Rizzo, Carita (10 November 2017). "Agnès Varda on Radical Filmmaking: 'I Never Thought I Didn't Have the Right'". Variety. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  14. ^ Letort, Delphine (15 December 2014). "Agnès Varda: filming the Black Panthers's Struggle". L’Ordinaire des Amériques (217). doi:10.4000/orda.1646. ISSN 0997-0584.
  15. ^ a b Smith, Alison (15 July 1998). Agnes Varda. Manchester University Press. p. 12.
  16. ^ Gorbman, Claudia. "Places and Play in Agnès Varda's Cinécriture". www.pbs.org. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  17. ^ Smith, Alison (15 July 1998). Agnes Varda. Manchester University Press. p. 13.
  18. ^ Smith, Alison (15 July 1998). Agnes Varda. Manchester University Press. p. 15.
  19. ^ Wakeman, John (1988). World Film Directors,Volume 2. New York,NY: The H. W. Wilson Company. pp. 1142–1148. ISBN 978-0-824-20757-1.
  20. ^ Bénézet, Delphine. The Cinema of Agnès Varda: Resistance and Eclecticism. New York: Columbia University Press, 2014.
  21. ^ Neupert, Richard. A History of the French New Wave Cinema, University of Wisconsin Press, 2007. Pg. 57.
  22. ^ a b Fitterman-Lewis, To Desire Differently, Columbia University Press, 1996, pp. 215-245.
  23. ^ a b Emma, Wilson (1999). "3. Mourning Films I.". French Cinema since 1950: Personal Histories. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 42–46. ISBN 0715628496. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  24. ^ Hayward, Susan. "Beyond the Gaze and Into Femme-Filmécriture." French Film: Texts and Contexts. By Susan Hayward and Ginette Vincendeau. London: Routledge, 2000. 269-80. Print. 8-June-2012
  25. ^ Cruickshank, Ruth "The Work of Art in the Age of Global Consumption: Varda's Les Glaneurs et la glaneuse." L'esprit Créateur 47.3, (2007): pg. 119-132 Project MUSE. Web. 8-June-2012
  26. ^ "The 2017 Official Selection". Cannes. 13 April 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  27. ^ "2017 Cannes Film Festival Announces Lineup: Todd Haynes, Sofia Coppola, 'Twin Peaks' and More". IndieWire. 13 April 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  28. ^ "Cannes: Agnes Varda's 'Faces Places' Takes Golden Eye Documentary Prize". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media, LLC. 27 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  29. ^ Rachel Withers. "The 2018 Oscar nominees include these historic firsts". Slate.com. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  30. ^ a b Rife, Katie. "Agnès Varda says her Oscar nomination is nice, but "nothing to be proud of"". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  31. ^ Carter, Helen. "Agnes Varda". Sense of Cinema. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  32. ^ "manifesto343". Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ a b "Elévation d'Agnès Varda à la dignité de Grand officier dans l'ordre national du mérite" [Elevation of Agnès Varda to the honor of Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit] (in French). Ministry of Culture (France). Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ "Accueil - Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma". Lescesarducinema.com. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  35. ^ "Légion d'honneur : Vincent Bolloré et Max Gallo promus" [Legion of Honor: Vincent Bolloré and Max Gallo promoted] (in French). Lemonde.fr. 12 April 2009. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |transtitle= (help)
  36. ^ Mintzer, Jordan; Keslassy, Elsa (7 April 2010). "Spotlight on sidebars". Variety. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  37. ^ "2013 FIAF Award presented to French Filmaker Agnès Varda during the International Cannes Film Festival". fiafnet.org. 27 May 2013. Archived from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2018 – via Wayback machine. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  38. ^ Llanos Martinez, Hector. "Agnès Varda • Director". www.cineuropa.org. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  39. ^ Del Don, Georgia. "The Leopard of Honour at the Locarno Film Festival will this year celebrate the great Agnès Varda". www.cineuropa.org. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  40. ^ "EFA honours Agnès Varda". Cineuropa. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  41. ^ "A Palme d'honneur to Agnès Varda". festival-cannes.com. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  42. ^ "Légion d'honneur: François Pinault, Laurent Fabius et Agnès Varda distingués" [Legion of Honor: François Pinault, Laurent Fabius and Agnès Varda honored] (in French). Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017 – via La Dépêche du Midi. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ "THE ACADEMY TO HONOR CHARLES BURNETT, OWEN ROIZMAN, DONALD SUTHERLAND AND AGNÈS VARDA WITH OSCARS AT 2017 GOVERNORS AWARDS | Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences". Oscars.org. 6 September 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  44. ^ "Agnès Varda, the first female director to receive a Governors Award in Hollywood - uniFrance Films". En.unifrance.org. 14 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  45. ^ "Academy Honorary Award 2017: Le Bonheur is tainted by hypocrisy". Varsity. 24 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  46. ^ "French director Agnès Varda, 89, becomes oldest ever Oscar nominee". Daily Telegraph.
  47. ^ Alcinii, Daniele (19 October 2017). "CIFF '17: Cinema Eye unveils "Unforgettables"". Realscreen. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

Further reading

  • How Agnès Varda "invented" the New Wave by Ginette Vincendeau, Four by Agnes Varda, Criterion, 2008
  • Smith, Alison. Agnès Varda Manchester University Press, 1998. Pg 3.
  • Neupert, Richard. A History of the French New Wave Cinema. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin. 2007. Pg 57.
  • Schwartz, Alexandra. Agnès Varda Is Still Going Places The New Yorker, Mar. 4 2018
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