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1990 Romanian general election

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1990 Romanian general election
1992 →
Turnout86.19%
Presidential election
← 1985 20 May 1990 1992 →
 
Nominee Ion Iliescu Radu Câmpeanu
Party Independent PNL
Alliance FSN
Popular vote 12,232,498 1,529,188
Percentage 85.07% 10.64%
President before election

Ion Iliescu
FSN

Elected President

Ion Iliescu
FSN

Parliamentary election
← 1985 20 May 1990 1992 →
All 119 seats in the Senate
All 396 seats in the Chamber of Deputies
Party Leader % Seats
Chamber of Deputies
FSN Ion Iliescu 66.31 263
Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania Géza Domokos 7.23 29
PNL Radu Câmpeanu 6.41 29
scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid Template:Ecologist Party of Romania/meta/color;" | MER Toma George Maiorescu 2.62 12
PNȚCD Corneliu Coposu 2.56 12
AUR 2.12 9
PDAR Victor Surdu 1.83 9
scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid Template:Ecologist Party of Romania/meta/color;" | PER Otto Weber 1.69 8
scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid Template:Social Democratic Party (Romania)/meta/color;" | PSDR (Socialist) 1.05 5
PSDR (Social) Sergiu Cunescu 0.53 2
GDC 0.48 2
scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid Template:Social Democratic Party (Romania)/meta/color;" | PDM 0.38 1
scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid Template:Social Democratic Party (Romania)/meta/color;" | PLS 0.34 1
PRN 0.32 1
PTLDR 0.32 1
UL–B 0.27 1
Minority parties 0.99 11
Senate
FSN Ion Iliescu 67.02 91
Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania Géza Domokos 7.20 12
PNL Radu Câmpeanu 7.06 10
PNȚCD 2.50 1
scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid Template:Ecologist Party of Romania/meta/color;" | MER 2.50 1
AUR 2.15 2
scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid Template:Ecologist Party of Romania/meta/color;" | PER Otto Weber 1.38 1
Independent Antonie Iorgovan 0.26 1
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Prime Minister before Prime Minister-designate
Petre Roman
FSN		 Petre Roman
FSN
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General elections were held in Romania on 20 May 1990 to elect the President and members of Parliament.[1] They were the first elections held after the overthrow of the Communist regime six months earlier and the first free elections held in the country since 1937.[2] It was also the first time the president had been directly elected,[1] the position having been previously elected by the legislature since it was introduced in 1974.[3]

The National Salvation Front (FSN), which had headed the interim government that took power after the overthrow of Nicolae Ceaușescu, won a decisive victory. Opposition parties performed well below expectations; none of them had the time or resources to present themselves as alternatives to the FSN.[4] Interim President and FSN leader Ion Iliescu was elected for a full term with 85 percent of the vote. The FSN also won large majorities in both houses of Parliament, with 263 of the 395 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 91 of the 118 seats in the Senate.

The United States State Department expressed concerns about organised violence and polling irregularities, but concluded that they had had no effect on the outcome and pronounced the elections free and fair.[5]

To date, this is the only time since direct presidential elections were introduced that a president has been elected without the need for a runoff. Iliescu's 85 percent vote share also remains the highest for a direct presidential election.

Presidential candidates

Name Lifespan Public Administration Experience Affiliation and endorsements Alma mater and profession Candidacy
Announcement dates

Ion Iliescu 		Born: March 3, 1930
(age 60)
Oltenița, Călărași County 		Acting President of Romania: 1989-election day
President of Water Surfaces Management Council (1979-1984)
Member of the State Council (full member: 1979-1980, observative: 1974-1979)
President of Iași County Council (1974-1979)
Vice-President of Timiș County Council (1971-1974)
Minister of Youth (1967-1971)
Deputy (1957-1961, 1965-1973, 1975-1985) 		Affiliation: FSN Energy Institute, Moscow State University (1954)

fluid mechanics engineer,
publishing house manager 		Official: April 8, 1990[6]
BEC filing: April 17, 1990[7]

Radu Câmpeanu 		Born: February 28, 1922
(age 68), Bucharest
Died October 19, 2016, Bucharest 		Affiliation: PNL
Endorsed by UDMR and PER 		Faculty of Law, University of Bucharest (1945)
Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Bucharest (1947)

economist 		BEC filing: April 19, 1990[8]

Ion Rațiu 		Born: June 6, 1917
(age 72), Turda, Cluj County
Died: January 17, 2000, London 		Chancellor at Romanian Embassy in UK (1940) Affiliation: PNȚ-CD
Endorsed by: PSDR 		Faculty of Law, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca (1938)
Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge (1943)

lawyer, economist, journalist 		Official: April 6, 1990[9]
BEC filing: April 23, 1990

Results

President

Candidate Party Votes %
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/PSD| Ion Iliescu National Salvation Front 12,232,498 85.07
style="background-color:Template:Romanian politics/party colours"| Radu Câmpeanu National Liberal Party 1,529,188 10.64
style="background-color:Template:Romanian politics/party colours"| Ion Rațiu Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party 617,007 4.29
Invalid/blank votes 447,923 –
Total 14,826,616 100
Registered voters/turnout 17,200,722 86.2
Source: AEP
  • Ion Iliescu
    Ion Iliescu
  • Radu Câmpeanu
    Radu Câmpeanu
  • Ion Rațiu
    Ion Rațiu
  • Overview
    Overview

Parliament

Senate

Senate results
Party Votes % Seats
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/FSN| National Salvation Front 9,353,006 67.02 91
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/UDMR| Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania 1,004,353 7.20 12
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/PNL| National Liberal Party 985,094 7.06 10
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/PNTCD| Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party 348,637 2.50 1
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/PER| Ecological Movement of Romania 341,478 2.50 1
Alliance for Romanian Unity 300,473 2.15 2
Romanian Democratic Agrarian Party 221,790 1.59 0
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/PER| Ecologist Party of Romania 192,574 1.38 1
Romanian Socialist Democratic Party 152,989 1.10 0
Romanian Social Democratic Party 69,762 0.50 0
Democratic Group of the Centre 65,440 0.47 0
National Reconstruction Party 52,465 0.38 0
Party of Free Change 46,247 0.33 0
Democratic Party of Labour 44,360 0.32 0
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/PNL| Liberal Union–Bratiănu 35,943 0.26 0
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/Independent| Independent candidate: Antonie Iorgovan 35,754 0.26 1
Party of Young Free Democrats 32,506 0.23 0
Cooperatist Party 22,869 0.16 0
Christian Democratic Union 21,210 0.15 0
Democratic Union of the Roma of Romania 19,847 0.14 0
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/FDGR| Democratic Forum of Germans 19,105 0.14 0
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/PNL| Liberal Party of Freedom of Romania 14,546 0.10 0
Democratic Enivronmentalist Party 14,496 0.10 0
Party of Democratic Unity 14,009 0.10 0
Party of Democratic Unity of Moldova 13,111 0.09 0
Party of Labour 11,397 0.08 0
Republican Christian Party 11,045 0.08 0
Grouping of the Centre 'New Romania' 9,405 0.07 0
Humanistic Ecological Party - founded in Arad 8,888 0.06 0
Turkish Muslim Democratic Union 8,439 0.06 0
Union of the Ukrainians of Romania 8,310 0.06 0
Party Christian Orthodox Union 7,324 0.05 0
Democratic Union 'Tara Oasului' 7,131 0.05 0
Party of Christian Union of Romania 7,045 0.05 0
Romanian Christian Social Democratic Party 6,964 0.05 0
Party of the Gypsies of Romania 5,565 0.04 0
Party of Social Justice 5,344 0.04 0
Party Alliance for Democracy 4,958 0.04 0
Party of Labour and Social Justice of Romania 4,400 0.03 0
Romanian Party for a New Society 3,860 0.03 0
Romanian Peasant Party 3,547 0.03 0
Republican Union Party 3,280 0.02 0
Party for National and Democratic Reconstruction 3,228 0.02 0
Democratic Party of Cluj 2,751 0.02 0
Radical Democratic Party 2,600 0.02 0
Free Democratic Union of Roma of Romania 2,505 0.02 0
Romanian Popular Front of National Salvation 1,660 0.01 0
Association of Former Political Prisoners/Detainees and Victims of the Dictatorship in Romania 1,613 0.01 0
Humanitarian Party of Peace 1,599 0.01 0
Constitutional Democratic Party of Romania 1,224 0.01 0
Party for the Honouring of the Heroes of the Revolution and National Salvation 1,089 0.01 0
Romanian National Party 1,019 0.01 0
Party Democratic Future of the Motherland 1,008 0.01 0
Democratic Progressive Party 914 0.01 0
Union of Poles of Romania 848 0.01 0
National Republican Party 754 0.01 0
Workers Alliance 'Freedom' Anticommunist and Antifascist 672 0.00 0
National Progressive Party 634 0.00 0
Party of the Romanian House of Democratic Europe 553 0.00 0
Movement 'Young Democracy' 462 0.00 0
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/Independent| Other independents 391,781 2.81 0
Invalid/blank votes 869,584 – –
Total 14,825,764 100 119
Registered voters/turnout 17,200,722 86.2 –
Source: AEP

Chamber of Deputies

Chamber of Deputies results
Party Votes % Seats
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/FSN| National Salvation Front 9,089,659 66.31 263
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/UDMR| Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania 991,601 7.23 29
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/PNL| National Liberal Party 879,290 6.41 29
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/PER| Ecological Movement of Romania 358,864 2.62 12
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/PNTCD| Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party 351,357 2.56 12
Alliance for Romanian Unity 290,875 2.12 9
Romanian Democratic Agrarian Party 250,403 1.83 9
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/PER| Ecologist Party of Romania 232,212 1.69 8
Romanian Socialist Democratic Party 143,393 1.05 5
Romanian Social Democratic Party 73,014 0.53 2
Democratic Group of the Centre 65,914 0.48 2
Democratic Party of Labour 52,595 0.38 1
Party of Free Change 47,017 0.34 1
National Reconstruction Party 43,808 0.32 1
Party of Young Free Democrats 43,188 0.32 1
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/FDGR| Democratic Forum of Germans 38,768 0.28 1
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/PNL| Liberal Union–Bratiănu 36,869 0.27 1
Democratic Union of the Roma of Romania 29,162 0.21 1
Democratic Environmentalist Party 26,058 0.19 0
Cooperatist Party 24,749 0.18 0
Christian Democratic Union 24,001 0.18 0
United Democratic Party of the Roma Woodworkers and Fiddlers in Romania 21,847 0.16 0
Romanian Peasant Party 21,588 0.16 0
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/PNL| Liberal Party of Freedom of Romania 20,744 0.15 0
Community of the Lippovan Russians 17,974 0.13 1
Party Christian Orthodox Union 17,521 0.13 0
Socialist Party of Justice 17,484 0.13 0
Party of the Gypsies of Romania 16,865 0.12 0
Party of Democratic Unity from Moldova 16,863 0.12 0
Party of Democratic Unity 16,354 0.12 0
Union of the Ukrainians of Romania 16,179 0.12 1
Party of Christian Union 14,902 0.11 0
Humanistic Ecological Party 12,739 0.09 0
Romanian Party for the New Society 12,305 0.09 0
Party of Labour 10,744 0.08 0
Democratic Union of the Serbs of Romania 9,095 0.07 1
Grouping of the Centre 'New Romania' 9,073 0.07 0
Christian Republican Party 8,939 0.07 0
Turkish Muslim Democratic Union 8,600 0.06 1
Democratic Christian Party of the Roma of Romania 7,939 0.06 0
Party Alliance for Democracy 6,695 0.05 0
Democratic Union 'Țara Oasului' 6,215 0.05 0
Romanian Social Democratic Christian Party 6,194 0.05 0
Romanian Popular Front of National Salvation 5,208 0.04 0
Hellenic Union of Romania 4,932 0.04 1
Free Democratic Union of Roma in Romania 4,605 0.03 0
Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs of Romania 4,584 0.03 1
National Romanian Party 3,983 0.03 0
Bulgarian Union of Banat – Bulgarian Cultural Association from Bucharest 3,451 0.03 1
Radical Democratic Party 3,240 0.02 0
Party for National and Democratic Reconstruction 3,223 0.02 0
Republican Union Party 2,693 0.02 0
Independent Hungarian Party 2,578 0.02 0
Modern Democratic Movement 2,488 0.02 0
Union of Poles of Romania 2,372 0.02 1
Forum of Democracy and National Unity of Romania 2,176 0.02 0
Party of Labour and Social Justice of Romania 2,146 0.02 0
Party of the Democratic Future of the Motherland 2,091 0.02 0
Party of Social Justice (New Democracy) of the North West of Romania 2,073 0.02 0
National Republican Party 1,610 0.01 0
Progressive Democratic Party 1,495 0.01 0
Association of Former Political Prisoners/Detainees and Victims of the Dictatorship in Romania 1,404 0.01 0
National Progressive Party 1,116 0.01 0
Democratic Constitutional Party of Romania 946 0.01 0
Party for the Honouring of the Heroes of the Revolution and National Salvation 891 0.01 0
Democratic Party of Cluj 425 0.00 0
Union of Armenians of Romania 399 0.00 1
Party of the Romanian House of Democratic Europe 390 0.00 0
Movement 'Young Democracy' 328 0.00 0
Template:Romanian politics/party colours/Independent| Independents 256,656 1.9 0
Invalid/blank votes 1,117,858 – –
Total 14,825,017 100 396
Registered voters/turnout 17,200,722 86.19 –
Source: AEP

References

  1. ^ a b Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1591 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. ^ Romanians Hope Free Elections Mark Revolution's Next Stage. Chicago Tribune. 30 March 1990.
  3. ^ Romania: Central Government Library of Congress Country Studies
  4. ^ "Front In Romania Seems Victorious In Free Elections". The New York Times. 21 May 1990.
  5. ^ "Romanian Election Is Valid Despite Flaws, U.S. Declares". The New York Times. Reuters. 26 May 1990.
  6. ^ http://stiri.tvr.ro/cei-6-care-au-condus-psd-ul-cine-si-cand-a-detinut-sefia-partidului_29529.html#view
  7. ^ https://www.europafm.ro/17-aprilie-1990-data-la-care-a-fost-depusa-prima-candidatura-la-alegerile-prezidentiale-din-romania-dupa-caderea-lui-nicolae-ceausescu/
  8. ^ https://jurnalul.antena3.ro/special-jurnalul/radu-campeanu-campanie-mai-mult-afara-decat-in-tara-543846.html
  9. ^ https://jurnalul.antena3.ro/special-jurnalul/ion-ratiu-candidatul-taranist-la-presedintie-540239.html
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